Characterization of volatile metabolites formed by molds on barley by mass and ion mobility spectrometry
- The contamination of barley by molds on the field or in storage leads to the spoilage of grain and the production of mycotoxins, which causes major economic losses in malting facilities and breweries. Therefore, on-site detection of hidden fungus contaminations in grain storages based on the detection of volatile marker compounds is of high interest. In this work, the volatile metabolites of 10 different fungus species are identified by gas chromatography (GC) combined with two complementary mass spectrometric methods, namely, electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure (APCI)-mass spectrometry (MS). The APCI source utilizes soft X-radiation, which enables the selective protonation of the volatile metabolites largely without side reactions. Nearly 80 volatile or semivolatile compounds from different substance classes, namely, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, substituted aromatic compounds, alkenes, terpenes, oxidized terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxidized sesquiterpenes, could beThe contamination of barley by molds on the field or in storage leads to the spoilage of grain and the production of mycotoxins, which causes major economic losses in malting facilities and breweries. Therefore, on-site detection of hidden fungus contaminations in grain storages based on the detection of volatile marker compounds is of high interest. In this work, the volatile metabolites of 10 different fungus species are identified by gas chromatography (GC) combined with two complementary mass spectrometric methods, namely, electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure (APCI)-mass spectrometry (MS). The APCI source utilizes soft X-radiation, which enables the selective protonation of the volatile metabolites largely without side reactions. Nearly 80 volatile or semivolatile compounds from different substance classes, namely, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, substituted aromatic compounds, alkenes, terpenes, oxidized terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxidized sesquiterpenes, could be identified. The profiles of volatile and semivolatile metabolites of the different fungus species are characteristic of them and allow their safe differentiation. The application of the same GC parameters and APCI source allows a simple method transfer from MS to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which permits on-site analyses of grain stores. Characterization of IMS yields limits of detection very similar to those of APCI-MS. Accordingly, more than 90% of the volatile metabolites found by APCI-MS were also detected in IMS. In addition to different fungus genera, different species of one fungus genus could also be differentiated by GC-IMS.…
Author details: | Alexander ErlerORCiDGND, Daniel RiebeORCiDGND, Toralf BeitzORCiD, Hans-Gerd LöhmannsröbenORCiDGND, Daniela GrothusheitkampORCiD, Thomas Kunz, Frank-Jürgen MethnerORCiD |
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DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4501 |
ISSN: | 1076-5174 |
ISSN: | 1096-9888 |
Pubmed ID: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945247 |
Title of parent work (English): | Journal of mass spectrometr |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Place of publishing: | Hoboken |
Publication type: | Article |
Language: | English |
Date of first publication: | 2020/01/16 |
Publication year: | 2020 |
Release date: | 2023/03/23 |
Tag: | APCI; fungus; gas chromatography; ion mobility spectrometry; mass; mold; soft X-ray; spectrometry |
Volume: | 55 |
Issue: | 5 |
Article number: | e4501 |
Number of pages: | 10 |
First page: | 1 |
Last Page: | 10 |
Funding institution: | Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture [2814801811] Funding Source:; Medline; Federal Office for Agriculture and Food [2814801811] Funding; Source: Medline |
Organizational units: | Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Physik und Astronomie |
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Chemie | |
DDC classification: | 5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 53 Physik / 530 Physik |
5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 57 Biowissenschaften; Biologie / 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie | |
Peer review: | Referiert |
Publishing method: | Open Access / Hybrid Open-Access |
License (German): | CC-BY-NC - Namensnennung, nicht kommerziell 4.0 International |