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Inflammation in Cachexia
(2015)
Maintaining quality
(2015)
Survey Research Methods has slightly revised its publication policies. Firstly, starting with the publication of this Editorial, SRM will accept - under specified conditions - manuscripts that discuss experiments in non-probability samples for peer-review. Secondly, SRM will require authors to publish replication materials of their study as Online supplement to their article. Finally, Survey Research Methods will publish replication studies of articles published in the journal. This Editorial gives reasons for these changes.
We argue that the theories of Volokitin and Persson (2014 New J. Phys. 16 118001), Dedkov and Kyasov (2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 354006), and Pieplow and Henkel (2013 New J. Phys. 15 023027) agree on the electromagnetic force on a small, polarizable particle that is moving parallel to a planar, macroscopic body, as far as the contribution of evanescent waves is concerned. The apparent differences are discussed in detail and explained by choices of units and integral transformations. We point out in particular the role of the Lorentz contraction in the procedure used by Volokitin and Persson, where a macroscopic body is 'diluted' to obtain the force on a small particle. Differences that appear in the contribution of propagating photons are briefly mentioned.
Removing spatial responses reveals spatial concepts even in a culture with mixed reading habits
(2014)
Heterocystous cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia form extensive blooms in the Baltic Sea and contribute substantially to the total annual primary production. Moreover, they dispense a large fraction of new nitrogen to the ecosystem when inorganic nitrogen concentration in summer is low. Thus, it is of ecological importance to know how Nodularia will react to future environmental changes, in particular to increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and what consequences there might arise for cycling of organic matter in the Baltic Sea. Here, we determined carbon (C) and dinitrogen (N-2) fixation rates, growth, elemental stoichiometry of particulate organic matter and nitrogen turnover in batch cultures of the heterocystous cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena under low (median 315 mu atm), mid (median 353 mu atm), and high (median 548 mu atm) CO2 concentrations. Our results demonstrate an overall stimulating effect of rising pCO(2) on C and N-2 fixation, as well as on cell growth. An increase in pCO(2) during incubation days 0 to 9 resulted in an elevation in growth rate by 84 +/- 38% (low vs. high pCO(2)) and 40 +/- 25% (mid vs. high pCO(2)), as well as in N-2 fixation by 93 +/- 35% and 38 +/- 1%, respectively. C uptake rates showed high standard deviations within treatments and in between sampling days. Nevertheless, C fixation in the high pCO(2) treatment was elevated compared to the other two treatments by 97% (high vs. low) and 44% (high vs. mid) at day 0 and day 3, but this effect diminished afterwards. Additionally, elevation in carbon to nitrogen and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios of the particulate biomass formed (POC : POP and PON : POP) was observed at high pCO(2). Our findings suggest that rising pCO(2) stimulates the growth of heterocystous diazotrophic cyanobacteria, in a similar way as reported for the non-heterocystous diazotroph Trichodesmium. Implications for biogeochemical cycling and food web dynamics, as well as ecological and socio-economical aspects in the Baltic Sea are discussed.