Gold Open-Access
Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (145)
Document Type
- Article (145) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (145)
Keywords
- climate change (6)
- Germany (5)
- adaptation (3)
- flood risk (3)
- floods (3)
- ERA5 (2)
- Lake Malawi (2)
- Shire River (2)
- Turkey (2)
- climate change adaptation (2)
- damage (2)
- disaster risk reduction (2)
- drought intensity (2)
- drought projections (2)
- events (2)
- flood hazards (2)
- flood risk management (2)
- hierarchical clustering (2)
- hydrology (2)
- insurance (2)
- inundation (2)
- lakes (2)
- land use (2)
- machine learning (2)
- metabarcoding (2)
- meteorological drought (2)
- modeling (2)
- pathway (2)
- permafrost (2)
- pollen (2)
- preparedness (2)
- random forest (2)
- risk analysis (2)
- risk perceptions (2)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (2)
- support vector machine (2)
- validation (2)
- variability (2)
- (SEM) analysis (1)
- (TPI) (1)
- Active movement (1)
- Africa (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Amu Darya Delta (1)
- Arctic (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic aerosol (1)
- Arctic coast (1)
- Arctic coastal dynamics (1)
- Bac Lieu (1)
- Bay of Biscay (1)
- Beaufort Sea (1)
- Biogenic silica (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- CORDEX data (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- Ca Mau (1)
- Ca Mau peninsula (1)
- Calgary (1)
- Carbic Podzol (1)
- Carpathians (1)
- China (1)
- Clausius-Clapeyron (1)
- Clausius-Clapeyron-Gleichung (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climate change impact (1)
- Clonal plants (1)
- Competitive exclusion (1)
- Compound events (1)
- Compoundereignisse (1)
- DTM comparison (1)
- DTM vertical accuracy (1)
- Danube (1)
- Delta aquifer system (1)
- Disko Bay (1)
- Dolomites (1)
- Droughts (1)
- East Germany (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Electrical Potential (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Environmental sciences (1)
- Euglyphida (1)
- Europe (1)
- Extreme events (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Filamentous fungi (1)
- Floods (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Fungal foraging (1)
- Fungal highways (1)
- Fungal space searching algorithms (1)
- Haplic Acrisol (1)
- Hau Giang (1)
- Hess-Brezowsky Grosswetterlagen classification (1)
- Hess-Brezowsky Großwetterlagen classification (1)
- Hitzewellen (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Holocene environmental history (1)
- Hurricane Harvey (1)
- Hydrogeology (1)
- Hydrological modelling (1)
- Interference competition (1)
- Inuvialuit cultural features (1)
- Italian Alps (1)
- Kien Giang (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- LC/MS (1)
- Lake Bolshoe Toko (1)
- Lake Malawi Basin (1)
- Larix cajanderi (1)
- Larix gmelinii (1)
- Late Quaternary vegetation (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Maritime Alps (1)
- Mediterranean basin (1)
- Mediterranean catchments (1)
- Methylobacter (1)
- Microbial community (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Modular organisms (1)
- Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) (1)
- Multiplikatives Kaskadenmodel (1)
- NLP (1)
- Niederschlagsintensitäten (1)
- Nitrogen dioxide (1)
- Northern Asia (1)
- Open Science (1)
- OpenStreetMap (1)
- Optics and photonics (1)
- Oxygen Transport (1)
- Ozone (1)
- Paraíba (1)
- Patimban Seaport (1)
- Permian (1)
- Pettitt test (1)
- Plant sciences (1)
- Postmasburg manganese field (1)
- Predictive model (1)
- Prut (1)
- Rhine River (1)
- SDG (1)
- SEM-EDX (1)
- SPM (1)
- SWIM (1)
- Salinity (1)
- Sap Flow (1)
- Seawater intrusion (1)
- Shire River Basin (1)
- Short Report (1)
- Siberia (1)
- Silicon cycling (1)
- Slime molds (1)
- Small Aral Sea (1)
- Soc Trang (1)
- Soil (1)
- Soil function (1)
- South Africa (1)
- South-Eastern (1)
- South-Eastern Africa (1)
- Strakregen (1)
- Svalbard (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- TELEMAC-2D model (1)
- Tarim Basin (1)
- TerraceM (1)
- Terrestrial biogeosystems (1)
- Tisza (1)
- Topographic Position Index (1)
- Tree Metabolism (1)
- Tree Stems (1)
- Triassic (1)
- Ukraine (1)
- Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) (1)
- Upper Cambrian (1)
- Urban areas (1)
- Urban pluvial flood susceptibility (1)
- Verkhoyansk mountains (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Warm spells (1)
- West Africa (1)
- Xylem (1)
- active floodplain (1)
- aerosol (1)
- aggregate stability (1)
- agriculture (1)
- alternative economies (1)
- andosols (1)
- aquifer (1)
- aquifers system (1)
- atmospheric blocking (1)
- average treatment effect (1)
- bed erosion (1)
- biomass (1)
- build up (1)
- burnt phytoliths; (1)
- calibration (1)
- capital (1)
- carbon sequestration (1)
- carbonaceous aerosols (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- catchment (1)
- catchment area (1)
- change agents (1)
- charcoal (1)
- chemistry (1)
- clay neoformation (1)
- climate change impacts (1)
- climate change impacts in the tropics (1)
- climate drift (1)
- climate dynamics (1)
- climate-change (1)
- co-design (1)
- coastal darkening (1)
- coastal ecosystems; (1)
- cocreated knowledge (1)
- communities (1)
- compensation effects (1)
- compound events (1)
- content analysis (1)
- convolutional neural network (1)
- core PG1351 (1)
- coupled surface (1)
- crop growth (1)
- crop yield (1)
- crop yield failure (1)
- culling of male chickens (1)
- cyclicity (1)
- data sharing (1)
- deep (1)
- depth-damage functions (1)
- diet shifts (1)
- dietary patterns (1)
- digital bathymetric model (1)
- digital elevation model (DEM) (1)
- digital terrain models (1)
- diversity (1)
- drought (1)
- drought events (1)
- drought impacts (1)
- drought index (1)
- dust (1)
- dust composition (1)
- dust plumes (1)
- dynamics (1)
- eastern continental Asia (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- ecosystem-based (1)
- edge effect (1)
- elevation-dependency (1)
- embodied emissions (1)
- emergency management (1)
- emission factors (1)
- emission intensity (1)
- empirical mode decomposition (1)
- ensemble prediction (1)
- equation (1)
- erosion (1)
- erosion hotspots (1)
- evaporation (1)
- expected annual damages (1)
- extraction methods (1)
- extreme events (1)
- extreme rainfall (1)
- family farming (1)
- fill–spill–merge method (1)
- filtration (1)
- flood hazard map (1)
- flood loss (1)
- flood predictors (1)
- flood recovery (1)
- flood-prone area (1)
- floodplain (1)
- flow (1)
- fluctuations (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- forest soils (1)
- frames (1)
- frequent flood (1)
- functional traits (1)
- gender gap (1)
- geomicrobial activity (1)
- glacial maximum (1)
- global datasets (1)
- global hydrological model (1)
- global warming (1)
- global warming levels (1)
- glucosinolates (1)
- grain size (1)
- grazing pressure (1)
- green deal (1)
- greenland shelf (1)
- groundwater inflow (1)
- groundwater level variation (1)
- groundwater modeling (1)
- health (1)
- healthy diets (1)
- heat waves (1)
- heavy precipitation (1)
- heavy rainfall (1)
- holocene (1)
- human activities (1)
- hummocky ground moraine (1)
- hydrogeology (1)
- hydrogeomorphological modelling (1)
- hydrological models (1)
- hydropower generation (1)
- hydrothermal (1)
- inference (1)
- infrastructural mega projects (1)
- insect decline (1)
- integrated flood risk management (1)
- intrinsic motivation (1)
- inuosity (1)
- karst (1)
- kettle hole (1)
- knickpoint (1)
- kurzfristige Dauerstufe (1)
- lake water balance (1)
- land tenure (1)
- land use change (1)
- land use conflicts (1)
- land-ocean-interaction (1)
- large-scale flood hazard models (1)
- last glacial (1)
- last glacial maximum (1)
- late pleistocene (1)
- lateral hydrological connectivity (1)
- latitudinal gradient (1)
- learning (1)
- leverage areas (1)
- levoglucosan (1)
- lidar (1)
- living labs (1)
- loss modeling (1)
- loss models (1)
- maize (1)
- manganese ore (1)
- mapping (1)
- marine terrace (1)
- mass extinction (1)
- matching methods (1)
- mesoscale (1)
- metabolite profiling (1)
- meteorological droughts (1)
- meteorologische Dürren (1)
- methane oxidation (1)
- methanotroph (1)
- micro (1)
- microbial (1)
- microbialites (1)
- mitigation (1)
- mixed methods (1)
- model (1)
- models (1)
- molecular tracers (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morphological traits (1)
- multi-scale analysis (1)
- multiplicative cascade model (1)
- multispectral (1)
- natural hazard mitigation (1)
- natural hazards (1)
- natural language processing (1)
- nested vulnerabilities (1)
- network (1)
- newspaper (1)
- niche level (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- nonlinear response (1)
- nonstationarity (1)
- numerical modeling (1)
- nutrient export (1)
- nutrient retention (1)
- ocean colour (1)
- oil-gas basin (1)
- oil-gas exploration engineering (1)
- organic aerosols (1)
- pak choi (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- palaeovegetation (1)
- paleoenvironmental records (1)
- paleoenvironments (1)
- parameterization (1)
- partial equilibrium modeling (1)
- participative planning (1)
- participatory research (1)
- particle uptake (1)
- particulate matter (1)
- peat soil microcosms (1)
- peatlands (1)
- people (1)
- permafrost coast (1)
- phenolic compounds (1)
- phytolith (1)
- phytoliths (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- planning (1)
- plant diversity (1)
- plant macrofossil data (1)
- pluvial flooding (1)
- pmoA amplicon sequencing (1)
- pollen records (1)
- polycentric governance (1)
- ponds (1)
- porosity (1)
- postgrowth (1)
- potential evapotranspiration (1)
- precaution (1)
- precipitation (1)
- precipitation index (SPI) (1)
- precipitation intensity (1)
- principal components (1)
- private households (1)
- probabilistic (1)
- process-based crop model (1)
- property level protection measures (1)
- protection motivation theory (1)
- protists (1)
- quality (1)
- quantification (1)
- radiative forcing (1)
- rapid impact assessment (1)
- reactive transport modeling (1)
- recharge (1)
- reconnection (1)
- recovery (1)
- regional development (1)
- regional tuning (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- research design (1)
- reservoir siltation (1)
- residents (1)
- resilience (1)
- response surface analysis (1)
- restoration (1)
- retrieval of aerosol properties (1)
- rhine basin (1)
- risk dynamics (1)
- risk management (1)
- risk perception (1)
- river basins (1)
- river longitudinal profile (1)
- riverine inputs (1)
- rotation (1)
- runoff (1)
- scanning electron microscope (1)
- seamless prediction (1)
- seasonal forecast skill (1)
- sediment (1)
- sediment accumulation (1)
- sediment bed fluidization (1)
- sediment dynamics (1)
- sediment plumes (1)
- sediment re-suspension (1)
- sediments (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- semi-arid regions (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensitivity analysis (1)
- shoreline projection (1)
- short duration (1)
- silicon (1)
- silicon cycling (1)
- silicon pore water speciation (1)
- size distribution (1)
- snowmelt (1)
- social (1)
- societal equity (1)
- societal resilience (1)
- socio-economic (1)
- software (1)
- soil landscape (1)
- soil moisture variability (1)
- soil organic carbon (SOC) (1)
- soil organic matter decomposition (1)
- soils (1)
- solar irradiance (1)
- spatial modeling (1)
- spatial resolution; (1)
- spatial-temporal (1)
- spatio-temporal heterogeneity (1)
- species composition (1)
- stable carbon isotopes (1)
- stable water isotope (1)
- stakeholder engagement (1)
- stakeholder participation (1)
- standardised (1)
- standardisierter Niederschlagsindex (SPI (1)
- statistical analysis (1)
- statistical moments (1)
- streamflow trends (1)
- streamflow variability (1)
- stromatolite (1)
- submerged sequence (1)
- surface temperatures (1)
- surface–groundwater interactions (1)
- sustainable development goals (1)
- sustainable diets (1)
- temperature (1)
- temporal resolution (1)
- text analytics (1)
- thermokarst (1)
- time-domain reflectometry (1)
- time-series (1)
- time-seriesa (1)
- timing (1)
- tipping-point (1)
- topographic wetness index (TWI) (1)
- trait-based approaches (1)
- transdisciplinary research (1)
- transferability (1)
- transformative policies (1)
- transition zone (1)
- treeline ecotone (1)
- trnL (1)
- tundra (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- united states (1)
- urban flooding (1)
- urban hydrology (1)
- urban pluvial flooding (1)
- urbane Hydrologie (1)
- validation of model (1)
- value-based sustainability assessment (1)
- vulnerability (1)
- vulnerability indices (1)
- water (1)
- water balance; (1)
- water fluxes (1)
- water management (1)
- water security (1)
- water-balance (1)
- waterbodies (1)
- wheat (1)
- wind erosion (1)
- wind gusts (1)
Institute
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (145) (remove)
Platinum electrodes were implanted into the xylem of a lime tree (Tilia cordata) stem and solar- induced electrochemical potential differences of up to 120 mV were measured during the vegetative period and up to 30 mV in winter. The time dependent curves were found to be delayed with respect to solar radiation, sap flow activity, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A general equation for the potential difference was derived and simplified by analyzing the effect of temperature and tensile strength. The potential determining influence of oxygen concentration on the respective location of the platinum electrode was identified as the principal phenomenon measured. A systematic analysis and investigation of the observed periodic oxygen concentration signals promises new information on sap flow, oxygen diffusion through tree tissues and on oxygen consumption related to the energy turnover in tree tissues.
Year-to-year variations in crop yields can have major impacts on the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and may trigger significant global price fluctuations, with severe consequences for people in developing countries. Fluctuations can be induced by weather conditions, management decisions, weeds, diseases, and pests. Although an explicit quantification and deeper understanding of weather-induced crop-yield variability is essential for adaptation strategies, so far it has only been addressed by empirical models. Here, we provide conservative estimates of the fraction of reported national yield variabilities that can be attributed to weather by state-of-the-art, process-based crop model simulations. We find that observed weather variations can explain more than 50% of the variability in wheat yields in Australia, Canada, Spain, Hungary, and Romania. For maize, weather sensitivities exceed 50% in seven countries, including the United States. The explained variance exceeds 50% for rice in Japan and South Korea and for soy in Argentina. Avoiding water stress by simulating yields assuming full irrigation shows that water limitation is a major driver of the observed variations in most of these countries. Identifying the mechanisms leading to crop-yield fluctuations is not only fundamental for dampening fluctuations, but is also important in the context of the debate on the attribution of loss and damage to climate change. Since process-based crop models not only account for weather influences on crop yields, but also provide options to represent human-management measures, they could become essential tools for differentiating these drivers, and for exploring options to reduce future yield fluctuations.
Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 degrees C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.
Digital terrain models (DTMs) are a fundamental source of information in Earth sciences. DTM-based studies, however, can contain remarkable biases if limitations and inaccuracies in these models are disregarded. In this work, four freely available datasets, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SRTM C-SAR V3 DEM), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Map (ASTER GDEM V2), and two nationwide airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived DTMs (at 5-m and 1-m spatial resolution, respectively) were analysed in three geomorphologically contrasting, small (3–5 km2) catchments located in Mediterranean landscapes under intensive human influence (Mallorca Island, Spain). Vertical accuracy as well as the influence of each dataset’s characteristics on hydrological and geomorphological modelling applicability were assessed by using ground-truth data, classic geometric and morphometric parameters, and a recently proposed index of sediment connectivity. Overall vertical accuracy—expressed as the root mean squared error (RMSE) and normalised median deviation (NMAD)—revealed the highest accuracy for the 1-m (RMSE = 1.55 m; NMAD = 0.44 m) and 5-m LiDAR DTMs (RMSE = 1.73 m; NMAD = 0.84 m). Vertical accuracy of the SRTM data was lower (RMSE = 6.98 m; NMAD = 5.27 m), but considerably higher than for the ASTER data (RMSE = 16.10 m; NMAD = 11.23 m). All datasets were affected by systematic distortions. Propagation of these errors and coarse horizontal resolution caused negative impacts on flow routing, stream network, and catchment delineation, and to a lower extent, on the distribution of slope values. These limitations should be carefully considered when applying DTMs for catchment hydrogeomorphological modelling.
The evaluation and verification of landscape evolution models (LEMs) has long been limited by a lack of suitable observational data and statistical measures which can fully capture the complexity of landscape changes. This lack of data limits the use of objective function based evaluation prolific in other modelling fields, and restricts the application of sensitivity analyses in the models and the consequent assessment of model uncertainties. To overcome this deficiency, a novel model function approach has been developed, with each model function representing an aspect of model behaviour, which allows for the application of sensitivity analyses. The model function approach is used to assess the relative sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood LEM to a set of model parameters by applying the Morris method sensitivity analysis for two contrasting catchments. The test revealed that the model was most sensitive to the choice of the sediment transport formula for both catchments, and that each parameter influenced model behaviours differently, with model functions relating to internal geomorphic changes responding in a different way to those relating to the sediment yields from the catchment outlet. The model functions proved useful for providing a way of evaluating the sensitivity of LEMs in the absence of data and methods for an objective function approach.
Natural catchments are likely to show the existence of knickpoints in their river networks. The origin and genesis of the knickpoints can be manifold, considering that the present morphology is the result of the interactions of different factors such as tectonic movements, quaternary glaciations, river captures, variable lithology, and base-level changes. We analyzed the longitudinal profiles of the river channels in the Stura di Demonte Valley (Maritime Alps) to identify the knickpoints of such an alpine setting and to characterize their origins. The distribution and the geometry of stream profiles were used to identify the possible causes of the changes in stream gradients and to define zones with genetically linked knickpoints. Knickpoints are key geomorphological features for reconstructing the evolution of fluvial dissected basins, when the different perturbing factors affecting the ideally graded fluvial system have been detected. This study shows that even in a regionally small area, perturbations of river profiles are caused by multiple factors. Thus, attributing (automatically)-extracted knickpoints solely to one factor, can potentially lead to incomplete interpretations of catchment evolution.
In this study, 17 hydrologists with different experience in hydrological modelling applied the same conceptual catchment model (HBV) to a Greek catchment, using identical data and model code. Calibration was performed manually. Subsequently, the modellers were asked for their experience, their calibration strategy, and whether they enjoyed the exercise. The exercise revealed that there is considerable modellers’ uncertainty even among the experienced modellers. It seemed to be equally important whether the modellers followed a good calibration strategy, and whether they enjoyed modelling. The exercise confirmed previous studies about the benefit of model ensembles: Different combinations of the simulation results (median, mean) outperformed the individual model simulations, while filtering the simulations even improved the quality of the model ensembles. Modellers’ experience, decisions, and attitude, therefore, have an impact on the hydrological model application and should be considered as part of hydrological modelling uncertainty.
The dataset in the present article provides information on protozoic silicon (Si) pools represented by euglyphid testate amoebae (TA) in soils of initial and forested biogeosystems. Protozoic Si pools were calculated from densities of euglyphid TA shells and corresponding Si contents. The article also includes data on potential annual biosilicification rates of euglyphid TA at the examined sites. Furthermore, data on selected soil parameters (e.g., readily-available Si, soil pH) and site characteristics (e.g., soil groups, climate data) can be found. The data might be interesting for researchers focusing on biological processes in Si cycling in general and euglyphid TA and corresponding protozoic Si pools in particular.
Humus forms are a distinctive morphological indicator of soil organic matter decomposition. The spatial distribution of humus forms depends on environmental factors such as topography, climate and vegetation. In montane and subalpine forests, environmental influences show a high spatial heterogeneity, which is reflected by a high spatial variability of humus forms. This study aims at examining spatial patterns of humus forms and their dependence on the spatial scale in a high mountain forest environment (Val di Sole/Val di Rabbi, Trentino, Italian Alps). On the basis of the distributions of environmental covariates across the study area, we described humus forms at the local scale (six sampling sites), slope scale (60 sampling sites) and landscape scale (30 additional sampling sites). The local variability of humus forms was analyzed with regard to the ground cover type. At the slope and landscape scale, spatial patterns of humus forms were modeled applying random forests and ordinary kriging of the model residuals. The results indicate that the occurrence of the humus form classes Mull, Mullmoder, Moder, Amphi and Eroded Moder generally depends on the topographical position. Local-scale patterns are mostly related to micro-topography (local accumulation and erosion sites) and ground cover, whereas slope-scale patterns are mainly connected with slope exposure and elevation. Patterns at the landscape scale show a rather irregular distribution, as spatial models at this scale do not account for local to slope-scale variations of humus forms. Moreover, models at the slope scale perform distinctly better than at the landscape scale. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight that landscape-scale predictions of humus forms should be accompanied by local- and slope-scale studies in order to enhance the general understanding of humus form patterns.
Phytoplankton biomass and production regulates key aspects of freshwater ecosystems yet its variability and subsequent predictability is poorly understood. We estimated within-lake variation in biomass using high-frequency chlorophyll fluorescence data from 18 globally distributed lakes. We tested how variation in fluorescence at monthly, daily, and hourly scales was related to high-frequency variability of wind, water temperature, and radiation within lakes as well as productivity and physical attributes among lakes. Within lakes, monthly variation dominated, but combined daily and hourly variation were equivalent to that expressed monthly. Among lakes, biomass variability increased with trophic status while, within-lake biomass variation increased with increasing variability in wind speed. Our results highlight the benefits of high-frequency chlorophyll monitoring and suggest that predicted changes associated with climate, as well as ongoing cultural eutrophication, are likely to substantially increase the temporal variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides.