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Cross-dressing took on new political meanings in Germany's Weimar Republic, with the emergence of organizations and periodicals aimed at promoting the interests of self-identified "transvestites." This new sexological category, developed by Magnus Hirschfeld in 1910, formed the basis for a shared sense of identity and belonging among individuals who identified as members of the "opposite" sex. Drawing on the experiences of the homosexual emancipation movement and discourses of bourgeois respectability, middle-class transvestites came together to demand legal and social recognition, including acknowledgement of "transsexual" desires. Their efforts represent a critical but forgotten moment in the history of transgender political activism.
Empirical evidence of the relationship between social support and post-disaster mental health provides support for a general beneficial effect of social support (main-effect model; Wheaton, 1985). From a theoretical perspective, a buffering effect of social support on the negative relationship between disaster-related stress and mental health also seems plausible (stress-buffering model; Wheaton, 1985). Previous studies, however, (a) have paid less attention to the buffering effect of social support and (b) have mainly relied on interpersonal support (but not collective-level support such as community resilience) when investigating this issue. This previous work might have underestimated the effect of support on post-disaster mental health. Building on a sample of residents in Germany recently affected by flooding (N = 118), we show that community resilience to flooding (but not general interpersonal social support) buffered against the negative effects of flooding on post-disaster mental health. The results support the stress-buffering model and call for a more detailed look at the relationship between support and resilience and post-disaster adjustment, including collective-level variables.
The five Potsdam "Studientage zum Englischen Mittelalter (SEM)" (1999-2003) served a number of purposes. These are fully discussed in this article. The first and foremost idea was to provide a yearly forum for young scholars in English medieval studies to present their research to other scholars in the field and to test their market value ("Nachwuchsfoerderung"). After Potsdam, the SEM meetings are circulating between those universities in the German speaking countries, which feature a Medieval Studies Programme in their departments of English and American Studies. This programme serves to boost their academic profile and etablish centres of excellency for English medieval Studies on the Continent. Networking is another prime objective of the SEMs. See http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/sem/sem.htm etc.
Als die SED-Diktatur zusammenbrach, übte der Glanz der ostdeutschen Medaillen nach wie vor eine große Anziehungskraft aus, vor allem auf westdeutsche Sportpolitiker. Der Sport war ein Spezialfall der deutschen Vereinigung, da hier der Westen vom Osten zu lernen hoffte. Bald jedoch wurden die dunklen Seiten des DDR-Sports offensichtlich: die Verstrickung mit dem Ministerium für Staatsicherheit ebenso wie das staatlich forcierte Zwangsdoping. Bis heute gehen die Meinungen über den DDR-Sport weit auseinander: während die Einen ihn als repressiv und unmenschlich verurteilen, wird er von den Anderen gleichzeitig als Organisationsvorbild für die Zukunft gehandelt.
Der sehr examensrelevante Straftatbestand Hehlerei (§ STGB § 259 StGB) ist infolge einer neuen BGH-Entscheidung um einen Streitpunkt zwischen Strafrechtslehre und Rechtsprechung reicher: Die durch eine Täuschung erwirkte Übergabe der gestohlenen Sache vom Vortäter (oder Vorbesitzer) auf den Anschlusstäter soll nach dem BGH ein tatbestandsmäßiges „Verschaffen“ sein. Die Fachliteratur sieht das überwiegend anders. Der Beitrag versucht davon zu überzeigen, dass die Strafrechtslehre Recht hat.
"Tres fines de siglo" : Teil II ; der Modernismo und die Heterogenität von Moderne und Postmoderne
(1999)
"Tolerantes Brandenburg"
(2014)
1. Einleitung
2. Kriminalitätsprävention und Rechtsextremismusprävention
3. Ausgewählte Strukturelemente des Kooperationsverbundes TBB
3.1 Aufgabendefinition zwischen Rechtsextremismusbekämpfung und Demokratieförderung
3.2 Status der landesweiten Zentralstelle
3.3 Ressortübergreifende Aufgaben im Verhältnis zu den Fachressorts
3.4 Vernetzung und Hierarchie
3.5 Verhältnis zur Zivilgesellschaft
3.6 Evaluation
4. Fazit
This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane.
"The greatest son of our Heimat": reading German Leichhardts across the National Socialist era
(2015)
The article discusses German commemorations of Ludwig Leichhardt (1813-1848) in the National Socialist era when officials, journalists, educators and writers, spurred by the double anniversary of the explorer's 125th birthday and the 90th anniversary of his disappearance, began to re-imagine the explorer's life and fate in the light of the ideological imperatives of the day. Our analysis of this period pays particular attention to how these reimagined Leichhardts emphasise or neglect some of the key elements that make up his story to this day, among them: Leichhardt's ethnicity; his sense of attachment to place and home; his homosocial relationships; his evasion of Prussian military service; his role in the British colonial project; and finally, his engagements with Aborigines. On the one hand, our analysis reveals, how Leichhardt was portrayed first on the local and, later, the national level in ways that increasingly sought to elide ambiguous aspects of his life and deeds. However, it also uncovers some of the ideological labour required to render him useful to the National Socialist cause. Often enough, these re-imagined Leichhardts escaped party politics, and cast up some of the logical inconsistencies and limits to key terms in National Socialist thinking.
Cost-efficient, visible-light-driven hydrogen production from water is an attractive potential source of clean, sustainable fuel. Here, it is shown that thermal solid state reactions of traditional carbon nitride precursors (cyanamide, melamine) with NaCl, KCl, or CsCl are a cheap and straightforward way to prepare poly(heptazine imide) alkali metal salts, whose thermodynamic stability decreases upon the increase of the metal atom size. The chemical structure of the prepared salts is confirmed by the results of X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies, and, in the case of sodium poly(heptazine imide), additionally by atomic pair distribution function analysis and 2D powder X-ray diffraction pattern simulations. In contrast, reactions with LiCl yield thermodynamically stable poly(triazine imides). Owing to the metastability and high structural order, the obtained heptazine imide salts are found to be highly active photo-catalysts in Rhodamine B and 4-chlorophenol degradation, and Pt-assisted sacrificial water reduction reactions under visible light irradiation. The measured hydrogen evolution rates are up to four times higher than those provided by a benchmark photocatalyst, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride. Moreover, the products are able to photocatalytically reduce water with considerable reaction rates, even when glycerol is used as a sacrificial hole scavenger.
"Technologische Konvergenz" und die "Hochzeit von Mensch und Maschine" - (er)finden wir Utopia
(2006)
Die Eingliederungsvereinbarung des SGB II ist das zentrale Steuerungsinstrument zur Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende. Richtiger Ansicht nach handelt es sich bei der Vereinbarung um einen öffentlich-rechtlichen Vertrag der Massenverwaltung, der in das Konzept des aktivierenden Sozialstaates eingebunden ist. Die gesetzliche Regelungstechnik stößt vor allem aus zwei Gründen auf verfassungsrechtliche Vorbehalte, nämlich zum einen wegen einer Beschränkung der grundgesetzlich garantierten Vertragsfreiheit und zum anderen wegen einer Reduzierung des durch Art. 19 Abs. 4 GG gewährleisteten effektiven Rechtsschutzes. Der Beitrag zeigt, daß sich die verfassungsrechtlichen Vorbehalte zerstreuen und die Eingliederungsvereinbarung ein überzeugendes Instrument zur Bekämpfung der Massenarbeitslosigkeit ist.
"Soldaten der Arbeit" : Menschenpotential und Menschenmangel in Wehrmacht und Kriegswirtschaft
(1999)
The following article aims to show how the Zionist movement defined its loyalty to Zionism, Germany, and German culture, as well as its reaction to the First World War. Central to the Zionist movement was the "creation of a home for Jewish people secured by public law." This is why superficial examinations assume that for Zionists the conflicts of the European powers were important only as they affected the pursuit of their own political agendas, an impression intensified by their posture of reserve towards military service. Crucial for Zionist positions on the First World War are the discourses revolving around the relationship between German culture, patriotism, and loyalty within the movement. This project is conducted with the help of the Judische Rundschau (JR; Jewish Review), which functions as the official organ of the "Zionistische Vereinigung fur Deutschland" (ZVfD; Zionist Association of Germany).
"Sisyphos" oder der beschwerliche Weg, einem neuen Unterrichtsfach zum Durchbruch zu verhelfen
(1999)
"Si yo mintiese al igual que todos los cronistas de viajes...", Alejandro de Humboldt y Colomb
(1997)
New forms of communication and greater accessibility of Islamic texts on-line allow Muslims to shape their own religiosity, to become less dependent on established sources of authority, and thereby to become more aware of their own cultural diversity as a community. New practices of transnational Islam, and the growth of new concepts of Muslim identities currently emerging in the on-line community, are relatively free from immediate constraints. This article provides the result of a sociological analysis of three Internet sites in Sydney which deliver on-line fatwas. Even if cyberspace has allowed the Muslim world to be de-territorialised and provides a way for people to distance themselves from traditional communities if they wish, this research points out a variety of approaches, including one case which is aiming at re-localising an Australian Muslim system of values. This case highlights ways in which first generation Muslims are re-territorialising Shari'a in a specific western country.
Der Autor versucht mit dieser kurzen Einführung eine Übersicht über den Stand der Forschung zu einem Thema zu geben, das in der Forschung bisher noch nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt wurde: der außerschulischen, privatwirtschaftlich organisierten Zusatzbildung, der sogenannten Shadow Education. Der Fokus der Arbeit richtet sich dabei auf die Länder Japan, welches bereits seit den 1970er Jahren ein System außerschulischer Bildungsinstitutionen besitzt, dessen Einfluss auf den Bildungserwerb junger Menschen so stark ist wie in kaum einem anderen Land, und Deutschland, dessen Schattenbildungs- oder Nachhilfesystem noch keinen derartig starken Einfluss ausübt, jedoch in den vergangenen Jahren steten Zuwachs verzeichnen konnte. Interessierten soll dieser Einblick durch die umfangreiche Bibliographie eine Hilfe bei der Recherche zu diesem Thema bieten.
"Selbstmanagement" versus "Staatsamateur" : Spitzensportkarrieren in Deutschland und Frankreich
(2001)
In dem Beitrag geht es um die Frage, ob sich Rechtsgeschäfte im Zustand der schwebenden Wirksamkeit befinden können. Während das Institut der schwebenden Unwirksamkeit allgemein anerkannt ist (z.B. $ 108 Abs. 1 BGB), wird ein diesem entsprechendes Institut der schwebenden Wirksamkeit im BGB durch die Literatur bislang überwiegend geleugnet. Das BAG hat indessen in einem Urteil vom 17.06.2003 die schwebende Wirksamkeit einer Kündigung bejaht. Der Autor geht zunächst der Frage nach, ob das Institut der schwebenden Wirksamkeit existiert, und untersucht sodann, ob das BAG in seinem Urteil für die streitgegenständliche Kündigung dieses Institut zutreffend bejaht hat. Während der Autor die erste Frage bejaht, gelangt er für die Entscheidung des BAG zu dem Ergebnis, daß die Kündigung nicht schwebend wirksam sondern schwebend unwirksam war.
Several series of presumed dual thermo-responsive diblock copolymers consisting of one non-ionic and one zwitterionic block were synthesized via consecutive reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. For all copolymers, poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) was chosen as non-ionic block that shows a coil-to-globule collapse transition of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type. In contrast, the chemical structure of zwitterionic blocks, which all belonged to the class of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s, was varied broadly, in order to tune their coil-to-globule collapse transition of the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) type. All polymers were labeled with a solvatochromic fluorescent end-group. The dual thermo-responsive behavior and the resulting multifarious temperature-dependent self-assembly in aqueous solution were mapped by temperature resolved turbidimetry, H-1 NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Depending on the relative positions between the UCST-type and LCST-type transition temperatures, as well as on the width of the window in-between, all the four possible modes of stimulus induced micellization can be realized. This includes classical induced micellization due to a transition from a double hydrophilic, or respectively, from a double hydrophobic to an amphiphilic state, as well as "schizophrenic" behavior, where the core- and shell-forming blocks are inverted. The exchange of the roles of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic block in the amphiphilic states is possible through a homogeneous intermediate state or a heterogeneous one. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and light microscopy investigations provide experimental evidence that amphiphilic emulsion copolymerization particles change their morphology in dependence on concentration. The shape of the particles is spherical at solids content above 1%, but it changes to rod-like, ring-like, and web-like structures at lower concentrations. In addition, the shape and morphology of these particles at low concentrations are not fixed but very flexible and vary with time between spheres, flexible pearlnecklace structures, and stretched rods.
"Sammelgebiet DDR"
(2003)
"Rock gegen Kommunismus"
(2023)
"Republikflucht" und "Fluchthelfer" : ein verdrängtes Kapitel deutsch-deutscher Sportbeziehungen
(2009)
Carbon suboxide (C3O2) is a unique molecule able to polymerize spontaneously into highly conjugated light-absorbing structures at temperatures as low as 0 degrees C. Despite obvious advantages, little is known about the nature and the functional properties of this carbonaceous material. In this work, the aim is to bring "red carbon," a forgotten polymeric semiconductor, back to the community's attention.
A solution polymerization process is adapted to simplify the synthesis and control the structure.
This allows one to obtain this crystalline covalent material at low temperatures. Both spectroscopic and elemental analyses support the chemical structure represented as conjugated ladder polypyrone ribbons.
Density functional theory calculations suggest a crystalline structure of AB stacks of polypyrone ribbons and identify the material as a direct bandgap semiconductor with a medium bandgap that is further confirmed by optical analysis.
The material shows promising photocatalytic performance using blue light.
Moreover, the simple condensation-aromatization route described here allows the straightforward fabrication of conjugated ladder polymers and can be inspiring for the synthesis of carbonaceous materials at low temperatures in general.
Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich die im Zuge der Perestrojka-Politik erfolgte Schwaechung der Staatsmacht in Russland im Krimi niederschlaegt: Vertreter der frueheren politischen Elite tauchen nun als Kriminelle auf, ein Teil der Detektive macht mit diesen gemeinsame Sache, die Diskreditierung der Staatsmacht schwaecht aber auch die ehrlich gebliebenen und sich abmuehenden Kriminalisten.
Historical narratives play an important role in constructing contemporary notions of citizenship. They are sites on which ideas of the nation are not only reaffirmed but also contested and reframed. In contemporary Germany, dominant narratives of the country's modern history habitually focus on the legacy of the Third Reich and tend to marginalize the country's rich and highly complex histories of immigration. The article addresses this commemorative void in relation to Berlin's urban landscape. It explores how the city's multilayered architecture provides locations for the articulation of marginal memoriesand hence sites of urban citizenshipthat are often denied to immigrant communities on a national scale. Through a detailed examination of a small celebration in 1965 that marked the anniversary of the founding of the modern Turkish republic, the article engages with the layers of history that coalesce around such sites in Berlin.
The epitope imprinting approach applies exposed peptides as templates to synthesize Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of the parent protein. While generally the template protein binding to such MIPs is considered to occur via the epitope-shaped cavities, unspecific interactions of the analyte with non-imprinted polymer as well as the detection method used may add to the complexity and interpretation of the target rebinding. To get new insights on the effects governing the rebinding of analytes, we electrosynthesized two epitope-imprinted polymers using the N-terminal pentapeptide VHLTP-amide of human hemoglobin (HbA) as the template. MIPs were prepared either by single-step electrosynthesis of scopoletin/pentapeptide mixtures or electropolymerization was performed after chemisorption of the cysteine extended VHLTP peptide. Rebinding of the target peptide and the parent HbA protein to the MIP nanofilms was quantified by square wave voltammetry using a redox probe gating, surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. While binding of the pentapeptide shows large influence of the amino acid sequence, all three methods revealed strong non-specific binding of HbA to both polyscopoletin-based MIPs with even higher affinities than the target peptides.
"Our common humanity"
(2000)
This paper focuses on two different strategies to incorporate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the matrix of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels. Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) is used as both reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of AuNPs. In addition, the influence of an ionic liquid (IL) (i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate) on the stability of the nanoparticles and their immobilization in the hydrogel is investigated The results show that AuNPs surrounded by a shell containing PEI and IL, synthesized according to the one-pot approach, are much better immobilized within the PAAm hydrogel. Hereby, the IL is responsible for structural changes in the hydrogel as well as the improved stabilization and embedding of the AuNPs into the polymer gel matrix.
"Nun ist auch dieser unselige Spuk weggewischt" - Theodor Lessing im Geiste seiner Zeitgenossen
(1998)
Being perceived as a foreigner regardless of one's generational status, citizenship, or self-identification is called foreigner objectification. This is a form of identity denial and is linked to psychological distress. To test how foreigner objectification could be measured in Europe, we assessed whether the Foreigner Objectification Scale demonstrated reliability and validity with German adolescents. The sample included 806 9th graders from 17 high schools. The results showed that the scale demonstrates good reliability, scalar measurement invariance across gender and citizenship status, and partial scalar measurement invariance across family heritage, generational status, and cultural self-identification. Adolescents who scored higher on the scale also reported greater school behavioral disengagement, lower life satisfaction, and stronger ethnic identity. Our findings suggest that the scale is psychometrically sound and is linked in theoretically consistent ways to adjustment and ethnic identity. We conclude that this scale offers another way to capture subtle discrimination experiences that add to a more comprehensive understanding of discrimination and the related implications in Europe.
"Mobile mappings" y las literaturas sin residencia fija : Perspectivas de una poética del movimiento
(2013)
In the earliest recorded poetry of the Insular Celtic literature, the occurrence intra-linear phoneme recurrences in addition to the rather common feature of alliteration suggest that they served an indexical motivation of the metrical constraints. This is in particular suggested by the indexical use of personal names. This practice may perhaps even reach back to Continental Celtic metrical practices which already seem to bear witness of the use of such language skills. It is particularly interesting to note that the initial mutations of the lexemes do not obstruct indexicality. It is suggested that the orally trained poets may perhaps have received specific grammatical instructions as part of their prolongued poetic education.
"Make a Run for the Border": Chicano Performance Art and the Search for a Space of/for Difference
(2005)
At the suggestion of the then editor of 'Studia Celtica Japonica,' Professor Toshio Doi, this bibliography lists the returns of a questionnaire sent to all scholars in Germany who were actively involved in Celtic Studies between 1980 and 1995. They were asked to list all their publications in the field of Celtic Studies, so as to allow to carry out a survey of their research activities during this period. While most scholars kindly obliged by returning their lists, there were notable exceptions who never answered the query. Regretably, the present bibliography therefore contains important gaps, which, however, may be quite telling as far as the research situation in Germany was concerned during that period.