Refine
Year of publication
- 2019 (2469) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1608)
- Doctoral Thesis (254)
- Postprint (209)
- Other (156)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (80)
- Review (59)
- Part of a Book (28)
- Working Paper (18)
- Part of Periodical (15)
- Conference Proceeding (10)
Language
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (2469) (remove)
Keywords
- morphology (16)
- climate change (15)
- linguistics (13)
- syntax (13)
- Informationsstruktur (12)
- Morphologie (12)
- diffusion (12)
- information structure (12)
- Festschrift (11)
- Linguistik (11)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (351)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (312)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (276)
- Institut für Chemie (183)
- Department Psychologie (110)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (89)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (79)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (72)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH (69)
- Department Linguistik (68)
The social stratification systems of major cities are transforming all around the globe. International research has been discussing this trend and focus on changing occupational classes. However, the precise effects on urban households, taking social welfare and different family arrangements into account, as well as the precise effects on people with a migration background, remain unclear. Using the example of Vienna, this article examines immigration as a key dimension for social stratification. Although household income structures in Austria have remained comparatively stable over the past two decades, the middle-income share in Vienna (as the sole metropolis in Austria) has dramatically decreased. This predominantly affects people from migrant backgrounds. Using a comprehensive dataset (two waves, N = 16,700 participants, including N = 4,500 migrants), we systematically examine the role of (a) migration-specific and (b) education- and employment-related factors to explain the decline of middle-income migrants. The results of multinomial logistic regression and decomposition analyses suggest that transformations in the labour market is the main driving force. Changing migrant characteristics have counteracted this process. If today's migrants displayed similar showed characteristics (e.g., origin and educational levels) to those prevalent in the past decade, the ethnic stratification disparities would have been even stronger.
Für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen hat der Kontinuierliche Verbesserungsprozess (KVP) eine hohe Bedeutung. Hinsichtlich der Qualität und Quantität der Beiträge für den KVP durch die Mitarbeitenden stoßen Unternehmen, insbesondere KMU, jedoch auf vielfältige Herausforderungen. Diesen Problemen können Unternehmen durch das KVP-Tool begegnen, welches im Projekt „Adaptive Spielifizierung im KVP“ entwickelt wird. Durch die Digitalisierung und Spielifizierung des Prozes- ses im KVP-Tool wird die kontinuierliche Beteiligung nachhaltig durch intrinsische Anreize gefördert. Die Neuartigkeit des Projektes ergibt sich aus der Adaptivität der Spielifizierung, also die Wechselwirkung zu den Nutzenden. Dabei werden zwei Aspekte fokussiert: unterschiedliche Spielertypen und Marktdynamik.
Labour market entry poses enormous challenges for recently arrived refugees, ranging from language barriers, devaluation of human capital, unfamiliarity with customs of the job search process to outright discrimination. How can refugees overcome these challenges and quickly enter gainful employment? In this paper, we draw on interviews with 26 male and female refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran, conducted in 2017 and 2018, who came to Austria in 2015 and 2014 and who have successfully entered employment. We depict refugees’ own perspectives on and strategies for fast job entry and integration. Personal agency and a proactive approach of seeking and seizing opportunities are key for overcoming initial barriers and entering upon positive integration pathways. At the same time, refugees’ personal agency is essential for establishing social ties to the host society, which also play a crucial role in early labour market integration. Finally, institutions of the Austrian labour market (the ‘apprenticeship’-system) interact with refugees’ agency in most intricate ways, both setting up nearly insurmountable barriers but also providing specific opportunities for refugees.
Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular.
Aktuelle gesellschaftliche Dynamiken führen zu vielfältigen Veränderungen in den Lebensbedingungen und Wertorientierungen in Österreich. Neben kontinuierlichen Entwicklungen zeigen sich bei den Wertorientierungen auch neue Tendenzen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Tradition und Neuorientierung. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender sozialer Ungleichheit werden Wandlungsprozesse bei Arbeit und Erwerbstätigkeit, Bildungschancen, Geschlechterrollen, Partnerschaft und Familie, Politik sowie Lebensqualität thematisiert. Diese Trends werden auf Grundlage repräsentativer Umfragen zwischen 1986 und 2016 dargestellt und diskutiert.
Werte sind nicht nur in der Öffentlichkeit ein vieldiskutiertes Thema. Diverse wissenschaftliche Fachdisziplinen setzen sich aus unterschiedlicher Perspektive mit Werten sowie mit dem Konzept der Wertebildung auseinander. Vor diesem Hintergrund vereint der Sammelband theoretische und methodische Ansätze aus Philosophie, Erziehungswissenschaft, Politologie, Theologie, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Literaturwissenschaft und Soziologie. Ziel ist die Darstellung inter- und transdisziplinärer Verbindungslinien und Differenzen innerhalb der Forschung zu Werten und Wertebildung. Die Beiträge in diesem Band bieten einen aktuellen Überblick über verschiedene Theorietraditionen, diskutieren aber auch relevante empirische Befunde zu Werten und Wertebildung. Allen Ansätzen gemeinsam ist die Frage danach, was unter Werten verstanden werden kann und wie und unter welchen Umständen sie sich herausbilden.
Das Praxissemester als praxisbezogenes Studienelement zur Förderung von Professions- und Reflexionskompetenzen ist in immer mehr Bundesländern integraler Bestandteil der Lehramtsausbildung. Eine zentrale Herausforderung ist hierbei die gelingende Integration von universitärer Theorie und schulischer Praxis. Das Forschende Lernen kann hierzu einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten, indem Herausforderungen aus der unterrichtlichen Praxis einem forschenden Blick unterzogen und mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden bearbeitet werden. Dies soll nicht zuletzt die Reflexionskompetenz der angehenden Lehrerinnen und Lehrer fördern.
Unexpected perturbations during locomotion can occur during daily life or sports performance. Adequate compensation for such perturbations is crucial in maintaining effective postural control. Studies utilising instrumented treadmills have previously validated perturbed walking protocols, however responses to perturbed running protocols remain less investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a new instrumented treadmill-perturbed running protocol. <br /> Fifteen participants (age = 2 8 +/- 3 years; height = 172 +/- 9 cm; weight = 69 +/- 10 kg; 60% female) completed an 8-minute running protocol at baseline velocity of 2.5 m/s (9 km/h), whilst 15 one-sided belt perturbations were applied (pre-set perturbation characteristics: 150 ms delay (post-heel contact); 2.0 m/s amplitude; 100 ms duration). Perturbation characteristics and EMG responses were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis (BLA) was employed (bias +/- limits of agreement (LOA; bias +/- 1.96*SD)) and intra-individual variability of repeated perturbations was assessed via Coefficients of Variation (CV) (mean +/- SD). <br /> On average, 9.4 +/- 2.2 of 15 intended perturbations were successful. Perturbation delay was 143 +/- 10 ms, amplitude was 1.7 +/- 0.2 m/s and duration was 69 +/- 10 ms. BLA showed -7 +/- 13 ms for delay, -0.3 +/- 0.1 m/s for amplitude and -30 +/- 10 ms for duration. CV showed variability of 19 +/- 4.5% for delay, 58 +/- 12% for amplitude and 30 +/- 7% for duration. EMG RMS amplitudes of the legs and trunk ranged from 113 +/- 25% to 332 +/- 305% when compared to unperturbed gait. This study showed that the application of sudden perturbations during running can be achieved, though with increased variability across individuals. The perturbations with the above characteristics appear to have elicited a neuromuscular response during running.
Beruf Untnehmer*in?
(2019)
Wenn von Beruflicher Orientierung oder auch Berufs- und Studienorientierung die Rede ist, dann werden diese Begriffe in der Regel in zweifacher Weise recht eng definiert. Zum einen wird überwiegend der Übergang von der Schule in den Beruf fokussiert. Die Berufliche Orientierung als Teil des lebenslangen Lernens im Sinne einer umfassenden berufsbiografischen Gestaltungskompetenz wird eher vernachlässigt. Zum anderen wird – soweit zu beobachten – fast ausschließlich die Perspektive der Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer thematisiert und die unternehmerische Selbstständigkeit als Form der Erwerbstätigkeit bleibt häufig unberücksichtigt. An diesem zweiten Punkt setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an. Es werden relevante Begrifflichkeiten erörtert, die Engführung der traditionellen Berufsorientierungskonzepte auf die abhängige Beschäftigung herausgearbeitet und auf der Basis der Literatur zum Entrepreneurship und zur Entrepreneurship Education Ansatzpunkte für ein erweitertes Konzept zur Beruflichen Orientierung entwickelt.
Die Methode des forschenden Lernens appeliert an den natürlichen Forscher- und Entdeckergeist der Lernenden und spornt sie dazu an, das Heft des Handelns selbst in die Hand zu nehmen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler entwickeln eigene Fragestellungen, sammeln Daten in der Praxis und werten diese anschließend aus. Im Zuge des Forschens und Entdeckens wird der Funke der Neugier neu entfacht.
Verbraucherbildung ist bundesweit vielfältig in curricularen Vorgaben verankert. Fachfremde Lehrpersonen benötigen Professionalisierungsangebote, um die Verbraucherbildung
als Querschnittsaufgabe in ihren Fächern implementieren zu können. Erkenntnisse aus der Professionalisierungsforschung werden daher im Beitrag in Bezug auf das cLEVER-Projekt
zusammengetragen, um sie für Fortbildungsangebote nutzbar zu machen.
Schülerfirmen sind eine verbreitete Unterrichtsmethode allgemeinbildender Schulen. Trotz ihrer Verbreitung und zunehmenden curricularen Verankerung ist der Forschungsstand bislang unbefriedigend. Ihr Potenzial für die ökonomische Bildung entfalten Schülerfirmen, wenn sie mit Beruflicher Orientierung und Entrepreneurship Education verbunden werden. Über die Wechselwirkungen zwischen diesen Aspekten ergeben sich zahlreiche handlungsorientierte Lehr-Lern-Situationen, mithilfe derer sowohl ökonomische als auch überfachliche Kompetenzförderung realisiert werden kann. Wesentliche Gestaltungsperspektiven werden im Beitrag identifiziert. Um die Fachlichkeit von Schülerfirmen sicher zu stellen, ist beispielsweise neben der Einbettung im Fachunterricht auch gut qualifiziertes Lehrpersonal erforderlich, da die Umsetzung von Schülerfirmen voraussetzungsreich ist.
Using dating apps has become popular for many young adults worldwide, promising the chance to meet new sexual partners. Because there is evidence that using dating apps may be associated with risky sexual behavior, this study compared users and non-users concerning their sexuality-related cognitions, namely their risky sexual scripts and sexual self-esteem, as well as their risky and sexually assertive behavior. It also explored the link between dating app use and acceptance of sexual coercion. A total of 491 young heterosexual adults (295 female) participated in an online survey advertised in social media and college libraries in Germany. Results indicated that users had more risky sexual scripts and reported more risky sexual behavior than non-users. Furthermore, male dating app users had lower sexual self-esteem and higher acceptance of sexual coercion than male non-users. In both gender groups, dating app use predicted casual sexual activity via a more risky casual sex script. Gender differences, potential underlying mechanisms, and directions for future research are discussed.
This dissertation is concerned with the relation between qualitative phonological organization in the form of syllabic structure and continuous phonetics, that is, the spatial and temporal dimensions of vocal tract action that express syllabic structure. The main claim of the dissertation is twofold. First, we argue that syllabic organization exerts multiple effects on the spatio-temporal properties of the segments that partake in that organization. That is, there is no unique or privileged exponent of syllabic organization. Rather, syllabic organization is expressed in a pleiotropy of phonetic indices. Second, we claim that a better understanding of the relation between qualitative phonological organization and continuous phonetics is reached when one considers how the string of segments (over which the nature of the phonological organization is assessed) responds to perturbations (scaling of phonetic variables) of localized properties (such as durations) within that string. Specifically, variation in phonetic variables and more specifically prosodic variation is a crucial key to understanding the nature of the link between (phonological) syllabic organization and the phonetic spatio-temporal manifestation of that organization. The effects of prosodic variation on segmental properties and on the overlap between the segments, we argue, offer the right pathway to discover patterns related to syllabic organization. In our approach, to uncover evidence for global organization, the sequence of segments partaking in that organization as well as properties of these segments or their relations with one another must be somehow locally varied. The consequences of such variation on the rest of the sequence can then be used to unveil the span of organization. When local perturbations to segments or relations between adjacent segments have effects that ripple through the rest of the sequence, this is evidence that organization is global. If instead local perturbations stay local with no consequences for the rest of the whole, this indicates that organization is local.
Conservation genetics can provide data needed by conservation practitioners for their decisions regarding the management of vulnerable or endangered species, such as the sun bear Helarctos malayanus. Throughout its range, the sun bear is threatened by loss and fragmentation of its habitat and the illegal trade of both live bears and bear parts. Sharply declining population numbers and population sizes, and a lack of natural dispersal between populations all threaten the genetic diversity of the remaining populations of this species. In this first population genetics study of sun bears using microsatellite markers, we analyzed 68 sun bear samples from Cambodia to investigate population structure and genetic diversity. We found evidence for two genetically distinct populations in the West and East of Cambodia. Ongoing or recent gene flow between these populations does not appear sufficient to alleviate loss of diversity in these populations, one of which (West Cambodia) is characterized by significant inbreeding. We were able to assign 85% of sun bears of unknown origin to one of the two populations with high confidence (assignment probability >= 85%), providing valuable information for future bear reintroduction programs. Further, our results suggest that developed land (mostly agricultural mosaics) acts as a barrier to gene flow for sun bears in Cambodia. We highlight that regional sun bear conservation action plans should consider promoting population connectivity and enforcing wildlife protection of this threatened species.
Rechtschreibung
(2019)
Das Preußische Erbrecht in der Judikatur des Berliner Obertribunals in den Jahren 1836 bis 1865
(2019)
Die Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Allgemeinen Preußischen Landrecht von 1794 und der hierzu ergangenen Rechtsprechung des Berliner Obertribunals. Im Fokus der Untersuchung stehen die erbrechtlichen Regelungen des Landrechts und deren Anwendung sowie Auslegung in der Judikatur des höchsten preußischen Gerichts. Der Forschungsgegenstand ergibt sich aus dem im Landrecht kodifizierten speziellen Gesetzesverständnisses. Nach diesem sollte die Gesetzesauslegung durch die Rechtsprechung auf ein Minimum, nämlich die Auslegung allein anhand des Wortlauts der Regelung reduziert werden, um dem absolutistischen Regierungsanspruch der preußischen Monarchen, namentlich Friedrich des Großen, hinreichend Rechnung zu tragen. In diesem Kontext wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit das preußische Obertribunal das im Landrecht statuierte „Auslegungsverbot“ beachtet hat und in welchen Fällen sich das Gericht von der Vorgabe emanzipierte und weitere Auslegungsmethoden anwendete und sich so eine unabhängige Rechtsprechung entwickeln konnte.
Die Arbeit gliedert sich in drei Hauptabschnitte. Im Anschluss an die Einleitung, in der zunächst die rechtshistorische Bedeutung des Landrechts und des Erbrechts sowie der Untersuchungsgegenstand umrissen werden, folgt die Darstellung der Entstehungsgeschichte des Landrechts und des Berliner Obertribunals.
Hieran schließt sich in einem dritten Abschnitt eine Analyse der erbrechtlichen Vorschriften des Landrechts an. In dieser wird auf die Entstehungsgeschichte der verschiedenen erbrechtlichen Institute wie beispielsweise der gesetzlichen und gewillkürten Erbfolge, dem Pflichtteilsrecht etc., unter Berücksichtigung des zeitgenössischen wissenschaftlichen Diskurses eingegangen.
Im vierten Abschnitt geht es um die Judikate des Berliner Obertribunals aus den Jahren 1836-1865 in denen die zuvor dargestellten erbrechtlichen Regelungen entscheidungserheblich waren. Dabei wird der Forschungsfrage, inwieweit das Obertribunal das im Landrecht statuierte Auslegungsverbot beachtet hat und in welchen Fällen es von diesem abwich bzw. weitere Auslegungsmethoden anwendete, konkret nachgegangen wird. Insgesamt werden 26 Entscheidungen des Obertribunals unter dem Aspekt der Auslegungspraxis, der Kontinuität und der Beschleunigung der Rechtsprechung analysiert und ausgewertet.
Fünfundsiebzig Jahre nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs steht die heutige Erinnerungskultur vor großen Herausforderungen. Immer weniger Überlebende können persönliches Zeugnis des Erlebten ablegen. Während sich seit den 1980er Jahren hat in der westlichen Welt eine gesellschaftliche und staatliche Erinnerungskultur etabliert hat, die sowohl in der Bildung, als auch im öffentlichen Raum ihren Platz gefunden hat. Jenseits des ehemaligen „Eisernen Vorhangs“ ist diese Erinnerungskultur keineswegs selbstverständlich, bis nicht erwünscht.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der besonderen Situation Belarus, welches heute immer noch stark postsowjetisch geprägt ist und als Land mit dem zweithöchsten Partisanenwiderstand gegen die deutsche Besatzung gilt. Aufgrund der besonderen geschichtlichen Situation geht der von der jüdischen Bevölkerung mitgetragene Widerstand im staatlich geprägten Heldennarrativ der siegreichen sowjetischen Armee unter. Gepaart wird der Sieg der Sowjetarmee mit einem Opfernarrativ, welches in der Folge in allgemeiner Ansprache fast ausschließlich nur verstorbenen Sowjetbürgern gedenkt, aber nicht explizit die jüdischen Mitbürger benennt. Somit geht sowohl die Erinnerung an den jüdischen Widerstand, als auch an die Verfolgung der jüdischen Bevölkerung in der Memorialkultur Belarus bis auf wenige Ausnahmen verloren. Tragischerweise war Widerstand jedoch oftmals die einzige Möglichkeit für Jüdinnen und Juden überhaupt zu überleben. Darüber hinaus muss ein staatlich getragener und geförderter Antisemitismus innerhalb der ehemaligen Sowjetunion mitgedacht werden, der die jüdische Bevölkerung weiterhin diskriminierte und verfolgte.
In einem geschichtlichen Abriss ab 1941 bis zur Gründung der Republik Belarus und ihrer aktuellen staatlichen Doktrin wird einleitend der jüdische Widerstand dargestellt, der in der Folge stattfindende offizielle Umgang mit dem Holocaust und heutige Orte des Erinnerns, sowohl staatlicherseits, als auch privater Initiativen. Einzelne konkrete Beispiele veranschaulichen die angesprochenen Themenbereiche.
Bis heute hat das Gedenken an die jüdischen Opfer, geschweige denn an deren Widerstand, einen sehr geringen Stellenwert in Belarus. Es bleibt zu befürchten, dass mit den letzten Zeitzeugen diese Erinnerung aus dem kollektiven Gedächtnis verschwindet.
Speaking a late-learned second language (L2) is supposed to yield more variable and less consistent output than speaking one’s first language (L1), particularly with respect to reliably adhering to grammatical morphology. The current study investigates both internal processes involved in encoding morphologically complex words – by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during participants’ silent productions – and the corresponding overt output. We specifically examined compounds with plural or singular modifiers in English. Thirty-one advanced L2 speakers of English (L1: German) were compared to a control group of 20 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found an enhanced (right-frontal) negativity during (silent) morphological encoding for compounds produced from regular plural forms relative to compounds formed from irregular plurals, replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. The L2 speakers’ overt productions, however, were significantly less consistent than those of the L1 speakers on the same task. We suggest that L2 speakers employ the same mechanisms for morphological encoding as L1 speakers, but with less reliance on grammatical constraints than L1 speakers.
User-generated content on social media platforms is a rich source of latent information about individual variables. Crawling and analyzing this content provides a new approach for enterprises to personalize services and put forward product recommendations. In the past few years, brands made a gradual appearance on social media platforms for advertisement, customers support and public relation purposes and by now it became a necessity throughout all branches. This online identity can be represented as a brand personality that reflects how a brand is perceived by its customers. We exploited recent research in text analysis and personality detection to build an automatic brand personality prediction model on top of the (Five-Factor Model) and (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) features extracted from publicly available benchmarks. The proposed model reported significant accuracy in predicting specific personality traits form brands. For evaluating our prediction results on actual brands, we crawled the Facebook API for 100k posts from the most valuable brands' pages in the USA and we visualize exemplars of comparison results and present suggestions for future directions.
This paper investigates the applicability of CMOS decoupling cells for mitigating the Single Event Transient (SET) effects in standard combinational gates. The concept is based on the insertion of two decoupling cells between the gate's output and the power/ground terminals. To verify the proposed hardening approach, extensive SPICE simulations have been performed with standard combinational cells designed in IHP's 130 nm bulk CMOS technology. Obtained simulation results have shown that the insertion of decoupling cells results in the increase of the gate's critical charge, thus reducing the gate's soft error rate (SER). Moreover, the decoupling cells facilitate the suppression of SET pulses propagating through the gate. It has been shown that the decoupling cells may be a competitive alternative to gate upsizing and gate duplication for hardening the gates with lower critical charge and multiple (3 or 4) inputs, as well as for filtering the short SET pulses induced by low-LET particles.
Enhancement of human induced pluripotent stem cells adhesion through multilayer laminin coating
(2019)
Bioengineered cell substrates are a highly promising tool to govern the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and to modulate the cellular behavior in vivo. While this technology works fine for adult stem cells, the cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is challenging as these cells typically show poor attachment on the bioengineered substrates, which among other effects causes substantial cell death. Thus, very limited types of surfaces have been demonstrated suitable for hiPSC cultures. The multilayer coating approach that renders the surface with diverse chemical compositions, architectures, and functions can be used to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs on the bioengineered substrates. We hypothesized that a multilayer formation based on the attraction of molecules with opposite charges could functionalize the polystyrene (PS) substrates to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs. Polymeric substrates were stepwise coated, first with dopamine to form a polydopamine (PDA) layer, second with polylysine and last with Laminin-521. The multilayer formation resulted in the variation of hydrophilicity and chemical functionality of the surfaces. Hydrophilicity was detected using captive bubble method and the amount of primary and secondary amines on the surface was quantified by fluorescent staining. The PDA layer effectively immobilized the upper layers and thereby improved the attachment of hiPSCs. Cell adhesion was enhanced on the surfaces coated with multilayers, as compared to those without PDA and/or polylysine. Moreover, hiPSCs spread well over this multilayer laminin substrate. These cells maintained their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. The multilayer coating strategy is a promising attempt for engineering polymer-based substrates for the cultivation of hiPSCs and of interest for expanding the application scope of hiPSCs.
In cloud computing, users are able to use their own operating system (OS) image to run a virtual machine (VM) on a remote host. The virtual machine OS is started by the user using some interfaces provided by a cloud provider in public or private cloud. In peer to peer cloud, the VM is started by the host admin. After the VM is running, the user could get a remote access to the VM to install, configure, and run services. For the security reasons, the user needs to verify the integrity of the running VM, because a malicious host admin could modify the image or even replace the image with a similar image, to be able to get sensitive data from the VM. We propose an approach to verify the integrity of a running VM on a remote host, without using any specific hardware such as Trusted Platform Module (TPM). Our approach is implemented on a Linux platform where the kernel files (vmlinuz and initrd) could be replaced with new files, while the VM is running. kexec is used to reboot the VM with the new kernel files. The new kernel has secret codes that will be used to verify whether the VM was started using the new kernel files. The new kernel is used to further measuring the integrity of the running VM.
Monitoring is a key prerequisite for self-adaptive software and many other forms of operating software. Monitoring relevant lower level phenomena like the occurrences of exceptions and diagnosis data requires to carefully examine which detailed information is really necessary and feasible to monitor. Adaptive monitoring permits observing a greater variety of details with less overhead, if most of the time the MAPE-K loop can operate using only a small subset of all those details. However, engineering such an adaptive monitoring is a major engineering effort on its own that further complicates the development of self-adaptive software. The proposed approach overcomes the outlined problems by providing generic adaptive monitoring via runtime models. It reduces the effort to introduce and apply adaptive monitoring by avoiding additional development effort for controlling the monitoring adaptation. Although the generic approach is independent from the monitoring purpose, it still allows for substantial savings regarding the monitoring resource consumption as demonstrated by an example.
The emergence of cloud computing allows users to easily host their Virtual Machines with no up-front investment and the guarantee of always available anytime anywhere. But with the Virtual Machine (VM) is hosted outside of user's premise, the user loses the physical control of the VM as it could be running on untrusted host machines in the cloud. Malicious host administrator could launch live memory dumping, Spectre, or Meltdown attacks in order to extract sensitive information from the VM's memory, e.g. passwords or cryptographic keys of applications running in the VM. In this paper, inspired by the moving target defense (MTD) scheme, we propose a novel approach to increase the security of application's sensitive data in the VM by continuously moving the sensitive data among several memory allocations (blocks) in Random Access Memory (RAM). A movement function is added into the application source code in order for the function to be running concurrently with the application's main function. Our approach could reduce the possibility of VM's sensitive data in the memory to be leaked into memory dump file by 2 5% and secure the sensitive data from Spectre and Meltdown attacks. Our approach's overhead depends on the number and the size of the sensitive data.
Leveraging spatio-temporal soccer data to define a graphical query language for game recordings
(2019)
For professional soccer clubs, performance and video analysis are an integral part of the preparation and post-processing of games. Coaches, scouts, and video analysts extract information about strengths and weaknesses of their team as well as opponents by manually analyzing video recordings of past games. Since video recordings are an unstructured data source, it is a complex and time-intensive task to find specific game situations and identify similar patterns. In this paper, we present a novel approach to detect patterns and situations (e.g., playmaking and ball passing of midfielders) based on trajectory data. The application uses the metaphor of a tactic board to offer a graphical query language. With this interactive tactic board, the user can model a game situation or mark a specific situation in the video recording for which all matching occurrences in various games are immediately displayed, and the user can directly jump to the corresponding game scene. Through the additional visualization of key performance indicators (e.g.,the physical load of the players), the user can get a better overall assessment of situations. With the capabilities to find specific game situations and complex patterns in video recordings, the interactive tactic board serves as a useful tool to improve the video analysis process of professional sports teams.
Rapid advances in location-acquisition technologies have led to large amounts of trajectory data. This data is the foundation for a broad spectrum of services driven and improved by trajectory data mining. However, for hybrid transactional and analytical workloads, the storing and processing of rapidly accumulated trajectory data is a non-trivial task. In this paper, we present a detailed survey about state-of-the-art trajectory data management systems. To determine the relevant aspects and requirements for such systems, we developed a trajectory data mining framework, which summarizes the different steps in the trajectory data mining process. Based on the derived requirements, we analyze different concepts to store, compress, index, and process spatio-temporal data. There are various trajectory management systems, which are optimized for scalability, data footprint reduction, elasticity, or query performance. To get a comprehensive overview, we describe and compare different exciting systems. Additionally, the observed similarities in the general structure of different systems are consolidated in a general blueprint of trajectory management systems.
Speaking the Unspeakable
(2019)
This article discusses the filmic representation of the infamous Wannsee Conference, when fifteen senior German officials met at a villa on the shore of a Berlin lake to discuss and co-ordinate the
implementation of the so-called final solution to the Jewish question. The understanding reached during the course of the ninety-minute meeting cleared the way for the Europe-wide killing of six million Jews. The article sets out to answer the principal challenge facing
anyone attempting to recreate the Wannsee Conference on film: what was the atmosphere of this conference and the attitude of the participants? Moreover, it discusses various ethical aspects related to the portrayal of evil, not in actions but in words, using the medium of film. In doing so, it focuses on the BBC/HBO television film Conspiracy (2001), directed by Frank Pierson, probing its historical accuracy and discussing its artistic credibility.
Bisher ist die Ursache für die Entstehung der meisten Skoliosen noch ungeklärt und damit eine kausale Behandlung der Betroffenen unmöglich. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht davon aus, dass der Auslöser für die sogenannte idiopathische Skoliose eine funktionelle Störung von Muskeln ist, die sich in einer verminderten relativen Haltekraft äußert. Durch gezielte willkürliche Muskelanspannungen könnte es möglich sein, kompensatorisch auf die Deformität einzuwirken, um damit ein Fortschreiten zu verhindern bzw. sogar eine Regression hervorzurufen. Insbesondere Patientengruppen mit einem hohen Progressionsrisiko, wie Jugendliche im Wachstumsalter, könnten davon profitieren.
Ein Muskeltraining kann mit unterschiedlichsten Hilfsmitteln und Methoden erfolgen. Eine Möglichkeit bietet auch das Klettern. Im Kern wird daher ein Trainingskonzept zum Therapeutischen Klettern bei Jugendlichen mit Skoliose vorgestellt. Dabei beruft sich der Autor auf das Potsdamer Modell. Dieses Modell erlaubt es, gezielte Kraftübungen systematisiert an der Kletterwand in Absprunghöhe umzusetzen. Materielle Sicherungsmaßnahmen sind dadurch nicht erforderlich und eventuell notwendige Korrekturen bzw. Hilfestellungen können direkt erfolgen. Hauptinhalt eines Trainings nach dem vorgestellten Konzept sind spielerische Bewegungserfahrung innerhalb der Sportart Klettern und ein Systembouldertraining.
In einem beigefügten Übungskatalog werden für letzteres Möglichkeiten der praktischen Umsetzun-gen gegeben. Die Übungen fokussieren sich auf die Aktivierung und das Training wirbelkörperdero-tierender Muskeln. Im Hauptteil einer Trainingseinheit können sie dann in Kombination mit der Kor-rektur der Seitverbiegung und des sagittalen Profils (3D Autokorrektur) unter Aufsicht eines geschul-ten Therapeuten durchgeführt werden. Die Arbeit erhebt den Anspruch, einem Leser vom Fach, die Auswahl der Übungen und die darin enthaltene individuelle Anpassung an den Patienten aus funktionell-anatomischer Sicht zu begründen.
In naher Zukunft wird das Konzept in einer randomisiert kontrollierten Studie untersucht. Alle notwendigen Vorbereitungen wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit getroffen.
A digital filter is introduced which treats the problem of predictability versus time averaging in a continuous, seamless manner. This seamless filter (SF) is characterized by a unique smoothing rule that determines the strength of smoothing in dependence on lead time. The rule needs to be specified beforehand, either by expert knowledge or by user demand. As a result, skill curves are obtained that allow a predictability assessment across a whole range of time-scales, from daily to seasonal, in a uniform manner. The SF is applied to downscaled SEAS5 ensemble forecasts for two focus regions in or near the tropical belt, the river basins of the Karun in Iran and the Sao Francisco in Brazil. Both are characterized by strong seasonality and semi-aridity, so that predictability across various time-scales is in high demand. Among other things, it is found that from the start of the water year (autumn), areal precipitation is predictable with good skill for the Karun basin two and a half months ahead; for the Sao Francisco it is only one month, longer-term prediction skill is just above the critical level.
A digital filter is introduced which treats the problem of predictability versus time averaging in a continuous, seamless manner. This seamless filter (SF) is characterized by a unique smoothing rule that determines the strength of smoothing in dependence on lead time. The rule needs to be specified beforehand, either by expert knowledge or by user demand. As a result, skill curves are obtained that allow a predictability assessment across a whole range of time-scales, from daily to seasonal, in a uniform manner. The SF is applied to downscaled SEAS5 ensemble forecasts for two focus regions in or near the tropical belt, the river basins of the Karun in Iran and the Sao Francisco in Brazil. Both are characterized by strong seasonality and semi-aridity, so that predictability across various time-scales is in high demand. Among other things, it is found that from the start of the water year (autumn), areal precipitation is predictable with good skill for the Karun basin two and a half months ahead; for the Sao Francisco it is only one month, longer-term prediction skill is just above the critical level.
Ihre außergewöhnlich hohen Konversionseffizienzen von über 20 % und die einfache Zellherstellung machen Hybridperowskite zu heißen Kandidaten für alternative Solarzellenmaterialien. CH3NH3PbI3 als Archetyp dieser Materialklasse besitzt außergewöhnliche Eigenschaften wie eine sehr effiziente Umwandlung von Solarenergie, wobei besonders Ferroelektrizität als mögliche Erklärung in den Fokus gerückt ist. Diese erfordert allerdings eine nicht-zentrosymmetrische Kristallstruktur als notwendige Voraussetzung. Wir stellen hier eine Erklärung des Symmetriebruchs in diesem Material auf kristallographischem, d. h. fernordnungs-basiertem, Wege vor. Während das Molekülkation CH3NH3+ intrinsisch polar ist, ist es extrem fehlgeordnet und kann deshalb nicht die einzige Erklärung darstellen. Es verzerrt allerdings das umgebende Kristallgitter und ruft dadurch eine Verschiebung der Iod-Atome von den zentrosymmetrischen Positionen hervor.
Ihre außergewöhnlich hohen Konversionseffizienzen von über 20 % und die einfache Zellherstellung machen Hybridperowskite zu heißen Kandidaten für alternative Solarzellenmaterialien. CH3NH3PbI3 als Archetyp dieser Materialklasse besitzt außergewöhnliche Eigenschaften wie eine sehr effiziente Umwandlung von Solarenergie, wobei besonders Ferroelektrizität als mögliche Erklärung in den Fokus gerückt ist. Diese erfordert allerdings eine nicht-zentrosymmetrische Kristallstruktur als notwendige Voraussetzung. Wir stellen hier eine Erklärung des Symmetriebruchs in diesem Material auf kristallographischem, d. h. fernordnungs-basiertem, Wege vor. Während das Molekülkation CH3NH3+ intrinsisch polar ist, ist es extrem fehlgeordnet und kann deshalb nicht die einzige Erklärung darstellen. Es verzerrt allerdings das umgebende Kristallgitter und ruft dadurch eine Verschiebung der Iod-Atome von den zentrosymmetrischen Positionen hervor.
Excellent conversion efficiencies of over 20% and facile cell production have placed hybrid perovskites at the forefront of novel solar cell materials, with CH3NH3PbI3 being an archetypal compound. The question why CH3NH3PbI3 has such extraordinary characteristics, particularly a very efficient power conversion from absorbed light to electrical power, is hotly debated, with ferroelectricity being a promising candidate. This does, however, require the crystal structure to be non-centrosymmetric and we herein present crystallographic evidence as to how the symmetry breaking occurs on a crystallographic and, therefore, long-range level. Although the molecular cation CH3NH3+ is intrinsically polar, it is heavily disordered and this cannot be the sole reason for the ferroelectricity. We show that it, nonetheless, plays an important role, as it distorts the neighboring iodide positions from their centrosymmetric positions.
Excellent conversion efficiencies of over 20% and facile cell production have placed hybrid perovskites at the forefront of novel solar cell materials, with CH3NH3PbI3 being an archetypal compound. The question why CH3NH3PbI3 has such extraordinary characteristics, particularly a very efficient power conversion from absorbed light to electrical power, is hotly debated, with ferroelectricity being a promising candidate. This does, however, require the crystal structure to be non-centrosymmetric and we herein present crystallographic evidence as to how the symmetry breaking occurs on a crystallographic and, therefore, long-range level. Although the molecular cation CH3NH3+ is intrinsically polar, it is heavily disordered and this cannot be the sole reason for the ferroelectricity. We show that it, nonetheless, plays an important role, as it distorts the neighboring iodide positions from their centrosymmetric positions.
Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods & Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes & Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences.
Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods & Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes & Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences.
Open-circuit voltages of lead-halide perovskite solar cells are improving rapidly and are approaching the thermodynamic limit. Since many different perovskite compositions with different bandgap energies are actively being investigated, it is not straightforward to compare the open-circuit voltages between these devices as long as a consistent method of referencing is missing. For the purpose of comparing open-circuit voltages and identifying outstanding values, it is imperative to use a unique, generally accepted way of calculating the thermodynamic limit, which is currently not the case. Here a meta-analysis of methods to determine the bandgap and a radiative limit for open-circuit voltage is presented. The differences between the methods are analyzed and an easily applicable approach based on the solar cell quantum efficiency as a general reference is proposed.
The impact of the orientation of zwitterionic groups, with respect to the polymer backbone, on the antifouling performance of thin hydrogel films made of polyzwitterions is explored. In an extension of the recent discussion about differences in the behavior of polymeric phosphatidylcholines and choline phosphates, a quasi-isomeric set of three poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s is designed for this purpose. The design is based on the established monomer 3-[N-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-N,N-dimethyl]ammonio-propane-1-sulfonate and two novel sulfobetaine methacrylates, in which the positions of the cationic and the ionic groups relative to the polymerizable group, and thus also to the polymer backbone, are altered. The effect of the varied segmental dipole orientation on their water solubility, wetting behavior by water, and fouling resistance is compared. As model systems, the adsorption of the model proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen, and lysozyme onto films of the various polyzwitterion surfaces is studied, as well as the settlement of a diatom (Navicula perminuta) and barnacle cyprids (Balanus improvisus) as representatives of typical marine fouling communities. The results demonstrate the important role of the zwitterionic group's orientation on the polymer behavior and fouling resistance
Entrepreneurial persistence is demonstrated by an entrepreneur’s continued positive maintenance of entrepreneurial motivation and constantly renewed active engagement in a new business venture despite counterforces or enticing alternatives. It thus is a crucial factor for entrepreneurs when pursuing and exploiting their business opportunities and in realizing potential economic gains and benefits. Using rich data on a representative sample of German business founders, we investigated the determinants of entrepreneurial persistence. Next to observed survival, we also constructed a hybrid persistence measure capturing the motivational dimension of persistence. We analyzed the influence of individual-level (human capital and personality) and business-related characteristics on both measures as well as their relative importance. We found that the two indicators emphasize different aspects of persistence. For the survival indicator, the predictive power was concentrated in business characteristics and human capital, while for hybrid persistence the dominant factors were business characteristics and personality. Finally, we showed that results were heterogeneous across subgroups. In particular, formerly unemployed founders did not differ in survival chances, but they were more likely to lack a high psychological commitment to their business ventures.
Entrepreneurial persistence is demonstrated by an entrepreneur’s continued positive maintenance of entrepreneurial motivation and constantly renewed active engagement in a new business venture despite counterforces or enticing alternatives. It thus is a crucial factor for entrepreneurs when pursuing and exploiting their business opportunities and in realizing potential economic gains and benefits. Using rich data on a representative sample of German business founders, we investigated the determinants of entrepreneurial persistence. Next to observed survival, we also constructed a hybrid persistence measure capturing the motivational dimension of persistence. We analyzed the influence of individual-level (human capital and personality) and business-related characteristics on both measures as well as their relative importance. We found that the two indicators emphasize different aspects of persistence. For the survival indicator, the predictive power was concentrated in business characteristics and human capital, while for hybrid persistence the dominant factors were business characteristics and personality. Finally, we showed that results were heterogeneous across subgroups. In particular, formerly unemployed founders did not differ in survival chances, but they were more likely to lack a high psychological commitment to their business ventures.
We study travelling chimera states in a ring of nonlocally coupled heterogeneous (with Lorentzian distribution of natural frequencies) phase oscillators. These states are coherence-incoherence patterns moving in the lateral direction because of the broken reflection symmetry of the coupling topology. To explain the results of direct numerical simulations we consider the continuum limit of the system. In this case travelling chimera states correspond to smooth travelling wave solutions of some integro-differential equation, called the Ott–Antonsen equation, which describes the long time coarse-grained dynamics of the oscillators. Using the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction technique we suggest a numerical approach for the continuation of these travelling waves. Moreover, we perform their linear stability analysis and show that travelling chimera states can lose their stability via fold and Hopf bifurcations. Some of the Hopf bifurcations turn out to be supercritical resulting in the observation of modulated travelling chimera states.
Den Ausbau gestalten
(2019)
Wendepunkt für Gesundheit
(2019)