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Data limitations can lead to unrealistic fits of predictive species distribution models (SDMs) and spurious extrapolation to novel environments. Here, we want to draw attention to novel combinations of environmental predictors that are within the sampled range of individual predictors but are nevertheless outside the sample space. These tend to be overlooked when visualizing model behaviour. They may be a cause of differing model transferability and environmental change predictions between methods, a problem described in some studies but generally not well understood. We here use a simple simulated data example to illustrate the problem and provide new and complementary visualization techniques to explore model behaviour and predictions to novel environments. We then apply these in a more complex real-world example. Our results underscore the necessity of scrutinizing model fits, ecological theory and environmental novelty.
Various techniques are utilized by the seismological community, extractive industries, energy and geoengineering companies to identify earthquake nucleation processes in close proximity to engineering operation points. These operations may comprise fluid extraction or injections, artificial water reservoir impoundments, open pit and deep mining, deep geothermal power generations or carbon sequestration. In this letter to the editor, we outline several lines of investigation that we suggest to follow to address the discrimination problem between natural seismicity and seismic events induced or triggered by geoengineering activities. These suggestions have been developed by a group of experts during several meetings and workshops, and we feel that their publication as a summary report is helpful for the geoscientific community. Specific investigation procedures and discrimination approaches, on which our recommendations are based, are also published in this Special Issue (SI) of Journal of Seismology.
Philippine hornbills of the genera Aceros and Penelopides (Bucerotidae) are known to possess a large tandemly duplicated fragment in their mitochondrial genome, whose paralogous parts largely evolve in concert. In the present study, we surveyed the two distinguishable duplicated control regions in several individuals of the Luzon Tarictic Hornbill Penelopides manillae, compare their characteristics within and across individuals, and report on an intraspecific mitochondrial gene rearrangement found in one single specimen, i.e., an interchange between the two control regions. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of two distinct mitochondrial genome rearrangements within a bird species. We briefly discuss a possible evolutionary mechanism responsible for this pattern, and highlight potential implications for the application of control region sequences as a marker in population genetics and phylogeography.
Aspirin inhibits release of platelet-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate in
acute myocardial infarction
(2013)
Theoretische Untersuchungen zur lichtinduzierten Isomerisierung von gekoppelten Azobenzolderivaten
(2014)
Zenralamerika
(2011)
Ethische Wirklichkeit : objektivität und vernünftigkeit der Ethik aus pragmatischer Perspektive
(2012)
Goethe und das Forstwesen : amtliche Tätigkeit, persönliche Erlebnisse und künstlerische Reflexe
(2005)
Die Klosterkirche der Benediktinerabtei Ottobeuren ist eines der Hauptwerke des europäischen Barock. Die CD-ROM bietet Besuchern und einem kunsthistorisch interessiertem Publikum eine einzigartige Präsentation und völlig neue Perspektiven. Im Barockzeitalter kombinierten die Künstler bei der Innenausstattung von Kirchen, gezielt ölbilder, Stuck und Fresken mit der Architektur zu umfassenden theologischen Gesamtkunstwerken. Hinter dem Gewimmel aus Heiligen, Allegorien, Engeln und Reliquiaren vermag der kundig geführte Betrachter vielerlei Bezüge zu entdecken. Die CD-ROM gibt Antwort auf Fragen die sich jeder Besucher eines barocken Kirchenraumes schon einmal gestellt haben dürfte. Weshalb liegen in den Schausärgen Skelette? Warum stürzen Teufel aus dem Bild? Wozu mahnen die unterschiedlichen Tugenden? Aus dem Inhalt: · Vollständige digitale Rekonstruktion einer der berühmtesten Kirchen des europäischen Barock · ca. 500 hochauflösende Bilder sowie Kamerafahrten, 1300 Textseiten · über 70 Fachtheologen, Kunsthistoriker, Seelsorger, Lehrer und Studierende aus Deutschland, österreich und den USA interpretieren den Innenraum der Basilika Ottobeuren. Der verlinkte Himmel - ein Kirchenbesuch der besonderen Art!
In Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, two types of PI 4-kinase (PI4Ks) have been isolated and functionally characterized. The alpha-type PI4Ks (similar to 220 kDa) contain a PH domain, which is lacking in beta-type PI4Ks (similar to 120 kDa). beta-Type PI4Ks, exemplified by Arabidopsis AtPI4K beta and rice OsPI4K2, contain a highly charged repetitive segment designated PPC (Plant PI4K Charged) region, which is an unique domain only found in plant beta-type PI4Ks at present. The PPC region has a length of similar to 300 amino acids and harboring 11 (AtPI4K beta) and 14 (OsPI4K2) repeats, respectively, of a 20-aa motif. Studies employing a modified yeast-based "Sequence of Membrane- Targeting Detection'' system demonstrate that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region, as well as the former 8 and latter 6 repetitive motifs within the PPC region, are able to target fusion proteins to the plasma membrane. Further detection on the transiently expressed GFP fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells showed that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region alone, as well as the region containing repetitive motifs 1-8, was able to direct GFP to the plasma membrane, while the regions containing less repetitive motifs, i.e. 6, 4, 2 or single motif(s) led to predominantly intracellular localization. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of PPC-GFP fusion protein further confirms the membrane-targeting capacities of PPC region. In addition, the predominant plasma membrane localization of AtPI4Kb was mediated by the PPC region. Recombinant PPC peptide, expressed in E. coli, strongly binds phosphatidic acid, PI and PI4P, but not phosphatidylcholine, PI5P, or PI(4,5) P-2 in vitro, providing insights into potential mechanisms for regulating sub- cellular localization and lipid binding for the plant beta-type PI4Ks