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- Fachgruppe Betriebswirtschaftslehre (78) (remove)
In this study, we contribute to the scholarly conversation on firm-level business model changes following a neoconfigurational approach. By exploring configurations of business model changes over time, we add the direction of business model changes—namely business model convergence or divergence—as a vital avenue to the business model innovation literature. We identify necessary business model convergence and divergence recipes in a sample of N = 217 strategic dyadic alliances. Firstly, technological proximity emerges as a single pre-condition to both converging and diverging business models. Secondly, business models between competitors either converge through complementarities or tend not to change relative to each other. Thirdly, equity participation enables business model divergence through co-specialization. We conclude with a discussion of business model trajectories and future research directions.
In diesem Beitrag möchten wir einen Gedanken des amerikanischen Mathematikers Paul Halmos aufgreifen und konkretisieren. Wir möchten verdeutlichen, dass ökonomisches Denken nicht abstrakt gelehrt, sondern „erfahren“ werden muss, wenn es nachhaltig und in seiner ganzen Breite gefördert werden soll. Dazu dienen kognitiv aktivierende Aufgaben. Was man darunter versteht und welche Funktionen und Qualitätsmerkmale Aufgaben in der ökonomischen Bildung besitzen, verdeutlichen wir in den Abschnitten 1 und 2. Im Praxisteil (Abschnitte 3 bis 8) werden konkrete, unterrichtlich erprobte Beispielaufgaben vorgestellt, mit denen ökonomisches Denken erfolgreich gefördert werden kann. Unser Beitrag schließt mit einer kurzen Skizze wirtschaftsdidaktischer Implikationen (Abschnitt 9).
Moderne Technologien befähigen die beteiligten Akteure eines Produktionsprozesses die Informationsaufnahme, Entscheidungsfindung und -ausführung selbstständig auszuführen. Hierarchische Kontrollbeziehungen werden aufgelöst und die Entscheidungsfindung auf eine Vielzahl von Akteuren verteilt. Positive Folgen sind unter anderem die Nutzung lokaler Kompetenzen und ein schnelles Handeln vor Ort ohne (zeit-)aufwändige prozessübergreifende Planungsläufe durch eine zentrale Steuerungsinstanz. Die Bewertung der Dezentralität des Prozesses hilft beim Vergleich verschiedener Steuerungsstrategien und trägt so zur Beherrschung komplexerer Produktionsprozesse bei.
Obwohl die Kommunikationsstruktur der an der Entscheidungsfindung beteiligten Akteure zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt, existiert keine Methode, welche diese als Grundlage für die Operationalisierung der Dezentralität verwendet. Hier setzt diese Arbeit an. Es wird ein dreistufiges Bewertungsmodell entwickelt, dass die Dezentralität eines Produktionsprozesses auf Basis der Kommunikations- und Entscheidungsstruktur der am Prozess beteiligten, autonomen Akteure ermittelt.
Aufbauend auf einer Definition von Dezentralität von Produktionsprozessen werden Anforderungen an eine Kennzahl erhoben und - auf Basis der Kommunikationsstruktur - eine die strukturelle Autonomie der Akteure bestimmenden Kenngröße der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse ermittelt. Die Notwendigkeit der zusätzlichen Berücksichtigung der Entscheidungsstruktur wird basierend auf der Möglichkeit der Integration von Entscheidungsfindung und -ausführung begründet.
Die Differenzierung beider Faktoren bildet die Grundlage für die Klassifikation der Akteure; die Multiplikation beider Werte resultiert in dem die Autonomie eines Akteurs beschreibenden Kennwert tatsächliche Autonomie, welcher das Ergebnis der ersten Stufe des Modells darstellt. Homogene Akteurswerte charakterisieren eine hohe Dezentralität des Prozessschrittes, welcher Betrachtungsobjekt der zweiten Stufe ist. Durch einen Vergleich der vorhandenen mit der maximal möglichen Dezentralität der Prozessschritte wird auf der dritten Stufe der Autonomie Index ermittelt, welcher die Dezentralität des Prozesses operationalisiert.
Das erstellte Bewertungsmodell wird anhand einer Simulationsstudie im Zentrum Industrie 4.0 validiert. Dafür wird das Modell auf zwei Simulationsexperimente - einmal mit einer zentralen und einmal mit einer dezentralen Steuerung - angewendet und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Zusätzlich wird es auf einen umfangreichen Produktionsprozess aus der Praxis angewendet.
Die Potenziale plattformbasierter Geschäftsmodelle im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 sind bisher nicht vollständig erschlossen. Ansatzpunkte für Plattformen und ökosystembasierte Wertschöpfung variieren zwischen Industrien. Die Kunststoffindustrie ist dahingehend bisher weitestgehend unberücksichtigt. Aufgrund der Industriestruktur, insb. der einheitlichen Wertschöpfungsstrukturen eignet sich die Kunststoffindustrie für den Einsatz digitaler Plattformen. Neben Ansätzen für Plattformen in der Spritzgussindustrie bietet der Beitrag ein Vorgehensmodell für die Erweiterung etablierte Geschäftsmodelle. Somit kann der Einstieg in plattformbasierte Geschäftsmodelle für KMUs erleichtert werden.
We used structural topic modeling to analyze over 800,000 German tweets about COVID-19 to answer the questions: What patterns emerge in tweets as a response to a health crisis? And how do topics discussed change over time? The study leans on the goals associated with the health information seeking (GAINS) model, discerning whether a post aims at tackling and eliminating the problem (i.e., problem-focused) or managing the emotions (i.e., emotion-focused); whether it strives to maximize positive outcomes (promotion focus) or to minimize negative outcomes (prevention focus). The findings indicate four clusters salient in public reactions: 1) “Understanding” (problem-promotion); 2) “Action planning” (problem-prevention); 3) “Hope” (emotion-promotion) and 4) “Reassurance” (emotion-prevention). Public communication is volatile over time, and a shift is evidenced from self-centered to community-centered topics within 4.5 weeks. Our study illustrates social media text mining's potential to quickly and efficiently extract public opinions and reactions. Monitoring fears and trending topics enable policymakers to rapidly respond to deviant behavior, like resistive attitudes toward containment measures or deteriorating physical health. Healthcare workers can use the insights to provide mental health services for battling anxiety or extensive loneliness from staying home.
We welcome you to the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) conference. After joining with Intentional Forgetting Minitrack last year, this is the fourth year of the Organizational Learning Minitrack. We add Unlearning, and Intentional Forgetting to proudly bring you the latest research focused on organizational learning issues within the Knowledge Innovation and Entrepreneurial Systems Track. The ability to update, change and use current knowledge effectively, especially in light of the ongoing knowledge explosion, can be costly for any organization. Organizations that consider themselves “learning” or “knowledge-based” organizations must develop a competent workforce using KM strategies. Success in organizations involves developing a variety of human factors for changing competencies. With technological change, modification and revisions, many skills require updating for a competitive advantage in the marketplace. The focus on new techniques and insights into how individuals and organizations use their knowledge is our focus for the improvement of organizational learning in this Minitrack.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how learning solely via an assistance system influences work performance compared with learning with a combination of an assistance system and additional training. While the training literature has widely emphasised the positive role of on-the-job training, particularly for groups that are often underrepresented in formalised learning situations, organisational studies have stressed the risks that emerge when holistic process knowledge is lacking and how this negatively affects work performance. This study aims at testing these negative effects within an experimental design.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a laboratory experimental design to investigate how assistance-system-guided learning influences the individuals’ work performance and work satisfaction compared with assistance-system-guided learning combined with theoretical learning of holistic process knowledge. Subjects were divided into two groups and assigned to two different settings. In the first setting, the participants used the assistance systems as an orientation and support tool right at the beginning and learned the production steps exclusively in this way. In the second setting, subjects received an additional 10-min introduction (treatment) at the beginning of the experiment, including detailed information regarding the entire work process.
Findings
This study provides evidence that learners provided with prior process knowledge achieve a better understanding of the work process leading to higher levels of productivity, quality and work satisfaction. At the same time, the authors found evidence for differences among workers’ ability to process and apply this additional information. Subjects with lower productivity levels faced more difficulties processing and applying additional process information.
Research limitations/implications
Methodologically, this study goes beyond existing research on assistance systems by using a laboratory experimental design. Though the external validity of this method is limited by the artificial setting, it is a solid way of studying the impact of different usages of digital assistance systems in terms of training. Further research is required, however, including laboratory experiments with larger case numbers, company-level case studies and analyses of survey data, to further confirm the external validity of the findings of this study for the workplace.
Practical implications
This study provides some first evidence that holistic process knowledge, even in low-skill tasks, has an added value for the production process. This study contributes to firms' training policies by exploring new, digitalised ways of guided on-the-job training and demonstrates possible training benefits for people with lower levels of (initial) abilities and motivation.
Social implications
This study indicates the advantage for companies and societies to invest in additional skills and training and points at the limitations of assistance systems. This paper also contributes to training policies by exploring new, digitalised ways of guided on-the-job training and demonstrates possible training benefits for people with lower levels of (initial) abilities and motivation.
Originality/value
This study extends existing research on digital assistance systems by investigating their role in job-related-training. This paper contributes to labour sociology and organisational research by confirming the importance of holistic process knowledge as opposed to a solely task-oriented digital introduction.
Enterprise systems have long played an important role in businesses of various sizes. With the increasing complexity of today’s business relationships, specialized application systems are being used more and more. Moreover, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence are becoming accessible for enterprise systems. This raises the question of the future role of enterprise systems. This minitrack covers novel ideas that contribute to and shape the future role of enterprise systems with five contributions.
Looking for participation
(2022)
A stronger learner orientation through participatory learning increases learning motivation and results. But what does participatory learning mean? Where do learning factories and fabrication laboratories (FabLabs) stand in this context, and how can didactic implementation be improved in this respect? Using a newly developed analytical framework, which contains elements of the stage model of participation and general media didactics, we compare a FabLab and a learning factory example concerning the degree of participation. From this, we derive guidelines for designing participative teaching and learning processes in learning factories. We explain how FabLabs can be an inspiration for the didactic design of learning factories.
#Gesellschaftslehre 7/8
(2022)
Die Arbeit ist ein Beitrag zu einer grundlegenden Diskussion der Kapitalmarktforschung, dem messbaren Erfolg „aktiver vs. passiver“ Investmentstrategien. Der Autor setzt sich kritisch mit den wesentlichen Anlagestrategien und Modellen für Indexprodukte auseinander und beleuchtet zugleich Closet Indexing bei aktiv gemanagten Investmentfonds. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass Closet Indexing nicht nur sporadisch auftritt, sondern eine weit verbreitete Anlagestrategie in vielen vermeintlich aktiv gemanagten Aktieninvestmentfonds ist.
The business problem of having inefficient processes, imprecise process analyses and simulations as well as non-transparent artificial neuronal network models can be overcome by an easy-to-use modeling concept. With the aim of developing a flexible and efficient approach to modeling, simulating and optimizing processes, this paper proposes a flexible Concept of Neuronal Modeling (CoNM). The modeling concept, which is described by the modeling language designed and its mathematical formulation and is connected to a technical substantiation, is based on a collection of novel sub-artifacts. As these have been implemented as a computational model, the set of CoNM tools carries out novel kinds of Neuronal Process Modeling (NPM), Neuronal Process Simulations (NPS) and Neuronal Process Optimizations (NPO). The efficacy of the designed artifacts was demonstrated rigorously by means of six experiments and a simulator of real industrial production processes.
Assistenzsysteme finden im Kontext der digitalen Transformation immer mehr Einsatz. Sie können Beschäftigte in industriellen Produktionsprozessen sowohl in der Anlern- als auch in der aktiven Arbeitsphase unterstützen. Kompetenzen können so arbeitsplatz- und prozessnah sowie bedarfsorientiert aufgebaut werden. In diesem Beitrag wird der aktuelle Forschungsstand zu den Einsatzmöglichkeiten dieser Assistenzsysteme diskutiert und mit Beispielen illustriert. Es werden unter anderem auch Herausforderungen für den Einsatz aufgezeigt. Am Ende des Beitrags werden Potenziale für die zukünftige Nutzung von AS in industriellen Lernprozessen und für die Forschung identifiziert.
During a crisis event, social media enables two-way communication and many-to-many information broadcasting, browsing others’ posts, publishing own content, and public commenting. These records can deliver valuable insights to approach problematic situations effectively. Our study explores how social media communication can be analyzed to understand the responses to health crises better. Results based on nearly 800 K tweets indicate that the coping and regulation foci framework holds good explanatory power, with four clusters salient in public reactions: 1) “Understanding” (problem-promotion); 2) “Action planning” (problem-prevention); 3) “Hope” (emotion-promotion) and 4) “Reassurance” (emotion-prevention). Second, the inter-temporal analysis shows high volatility of topic proportions and a shift from self-centered to community-centered topics during the course of the event. The insights are beneficial for research on crisis management and practicians who are interested in large-scale monitoring of their audience for well-informed decision-making.
Research into the effects of social media on well-being often distinguishes “active” and “passive” use, with passive use supposedly more harmful to well-being (i.e., the passive use hypothesis). Recently, several studies and reviews have begun to question this hypothesis and its conceptual basis, the active/passive dichotomy. As this dichotomy has become a staple of social media research but evidence challenging its validity is mounting, a comprehensive debate on its pros, cons, and potential future is needed. This adversarial review brings together two voices – one more supportive, and the other more critical – toward the active/passive model. In constructive dialogue, we summarize and contrast our two opposing positions: The first position argues that the active/passive dichotomy is a useful framework because it adequately describes how and why passive use is (more) harmful for well-being. The second position challenges the validity of the dichotomy and the passive use hypothesis specifically. Arguments are presented alongside (a) the empirical basis, (b) conceptualization, and (c) operationalization of active and passive use, with particular focus on the passive use hypothesis. Rather than offering a conciliatory summary of the status quo, the goal of this review is to carve out key points of friction in the literature on the effects of social media through fruitful debate. We summarize our main agreements and unresolved disagreements on the merits and shortcomings of the active/passive dichotomy. In doing so, this review paves the way for researchers to decide whether and how they want to continue applying this lens in their future work.
This article examines public service resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic and studies the switch to telework due to social distancing measures. We argue that the pandemic and related policies led to increasing demands on public organisations and their employees. Following the job demands-resources model, we argue that resilience only can arise in the presence of resources for buffering these demands. Survey data were collected from 1,189 German public employees, 380 participants were included for analysis. The results suggest that the public service was resilient against the crisis and that the shift to telework was not as demanding as expected.
'Tools' in public management
(2022)
Tools are methods or procedures, and thus operational patterns of action, applied in public administrations to solve standard problems. It is also possible to consider them as structured communication according to professional standards aiming at complexity reduction. Regularly, tools in management stem on a deductive-synoptic rationale offering a seemingly ‘objective’ decision basis. They have a strong formative influence on the organization, regularly also beyond the intended effects. The prominence of tools is sometimes confused with management as such, e.g. introducing tools is mistaken as equivalent to managing for a particular purpose. However, tools have to be closely and carefully managed regarding the objectives and purposes they should serve.