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The investigation of throughfall patterns has received considerable interest over the last decades. And yet, the geographical bias of pertinent previous studies and their methodologies and approaches to data analysis cast a doubt on the general validity of claims regarding spatial and temporal patterns of throughfall. We employed 220 collectors in a 1-ha plot of semideciduous tropical rain forest in Panama and sampled throughfall during a period of 14 months. Our analysis of spatial patterns is based on 60 data sets, whereas the temporal analysis comprises 91 events. Both data sets show skewed frequency distributions. When skewness arises from large outliers, the classical, nonrobust variogram estimator overestimates the sill variance and, in some cases, even induces spurious autocorrelation structures. In these situations, robust variogram estimation techniques offer a solution. Throughfall in our plot typically displayed no or only weak spatial autocorrelations. In contrast, temporal correlations were strong, that is, wet and dry locations persisted over consecutive wet seasons. Interestingly, seasonality and hence deciduousness had no influence on spatial and temporal patterns. We argue that if throughfall patterns are to have any explanatory power with respect to patterns of near-surface processes, data analytical artifacts must be ruled out lest spurious correlation be confounded with causality; furthermore, temporal stability over the domain of interest is essential.
Changes in soil hydraulic properties following ecosystem disturbances can become relevant for regional water cycles depending on the prevailing rainfall regime. In a tropical montane rainforest ecosystem in southern Ecuador, plot- scale investigations revealed that man-made disturbances were accompanied by a decrease in mean saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), whereas mean Ks of two different aged landslides was undistinguishable from the reference forest. Ks spatial structure weakened after disturbances in the topsoil. We used this spatial-temporal information combined with local rain intensities to assess the probability of impermeable soil layers under undisturbed, disturbed, and regenerating land-cover types. We furthermore compared the Ecuadorian man-made disturbance cycle with a similar land-use sequence in a tropical lowland rainforest region in Brazil. The studied montane rainforest is characterized by prevailing vertical flowpaths in the topsoil, whereas larger rainstorms in the study area potentially result in impermeable layers below 20 cm depth. In spite of the low frequency of such higher-intensity events, they transport a high portion of the annual runoff and may therefore significant for the regional water cycle. Hydrological flowpaths under two studied landslides are similar to the natural forest except for a somewhat higher probability of impermeable layer formation in the topsoil of the 2-year-old landslide. In contrast, human disturbances likely affect near-surface hydrology. Under a pasture and a young fallow, impermeable layers potentially develop already in the topsoil for larger rain events. A 10-year-old fallow indicates regeneration towards the original vertical flowpaths, though the land-use signal was still detectable. The consequences of land-cover change on near-surface hydrological behaviour are of similar magnitude in the tropical montane and the lowland rainforest region. This similarity can be explained by a more pronounced drop of soil permeability after pasture establishment in the montane rainforest region in spite of the prevailing much lower rain intensities.
Liktoren
(2009)
Inhalt: Wie lässt sich Polizei definieren? - Eine Reise in die Antike – Eingliederung der Thematik in den historischen Kontext Das römische Staatswesen - Die Republikanische „Magistratur“ - Das Imperium - Das Apparitorenwesen – die Dienerschaft der Magistrate Liktoren – Insignien der Magistrate? - Liktoren - Das außergewöhnliche Verhältnis des Liktors zu seinem Beamten - Der Aufgabenbereich der Liktoren - Ausdruck staatlicher Gewalt – die Fasces Zusammenfassung
Aims. Sunspot distribution in the northern and southern solar hemispheres exibit striking synchronous behaviour on the scale of a Schwabe cycle. However, sometimes the bilateral symmetry of the Butterfly diagram relative to the solar equatorial plane breaks down. The investigation of this phenomenon is important to explaining the almost-periodic behaviour of solar cycles. Methods. We use cross-recurrence plots for the study of the time-varying phase asymmetry of the northern and southern hemisphere and compare our results with the latitudinal distribution of the sunspots. Results. We observe a long-term persistence of phase leading in one of the hemispheres, which lasts almost 4 solar cycles and probably corresponds to the Gleissberg cycle. Long-term variations in the hemispheric-leading do not demonstrate clear periodicity but are strongly anti-correlated with the long-term variations in the magnetic equator.
SDM performance varied for different range dynamics. Prediction accuracies decreased when abrupt range shifts occurred as species were outpaced by the rate of climate change, and increased again when a new equilibrium situation was realised. When ranges contracted, prediction accuracies increased as the absences were predicted well. Far- dispersing species were faster in tracking climate change, and were predicted more accurately by SDMs than short- dispersing species. BRTs mostly outperformed GLMs. The presence of a predator, and the inclusion of its incidence as an environmental predictor, made BRTs and GLMs perform similarly. Results are discussed in light of other studies dealing with effects of ecological traits and processes on SDM performance. Perspectives are given on further advancements of SDMs and for possible interfaces with more mechanistic approaches in order to improve predictions under environmental change.
Happy Days
(2009)
Dieses Buch stellt das Institut für Internationale Beziehungen (IIB) in Potsdam-Babelsberg von seiner Gründung in den 1950er Jahren bis zu seiner Auflösung im Jahre 1990 dar. Zeitzeugen analysieren die Rolle des Instituts im politischen System, beschreiben seine Strukturen und Aufgaben in Forschung und Lehre und diskutieren Defizite und Leistungen dieser außenpolitischen Institution der DDR.
The bibliographic project 'Renaissance Linguistics Archive' (R.L.A.) aimed at establishing a comprehensive database of secondary sources covering the linguistics ideas developed by Renaissance scholars in Europe. The database project, founded in 1986 by Mirko Tavoni (Pisa) and in 1994 transferred to Gerda Haßler (Potsdam), resulted so far in three print-outs, each of them counting 1000 records. It is the aim of this website to publish the results of the collective efforts undertaken thus far (R.L.A. 1.0, 1986-1999).
Über die Autoren
(2009)
Über die Autoren
(2009)
Brandenburger Antike-Denkwerk : kulturelle Identität – Alltagsleben ; Prägung kultureller Identität
(2009)
Im September 2007 fand der ‚Potsdamer Lateintag‘ an der Universität Potsdam zum dritten Mal statt. Der Tag selbst entsprach in seiner Konzeption den Veranstaltungen der vergangenen Jahre. Allerdings gab es eine Neuigkeit: Seit diesem Jahr war er Teil eines größeren, über drei Jahre angelegten Projekts, dem Brandenburger Antike-Denkwerk (BrAnD), das im Rahmen des Denkwerke-Programms der Robert Bosch Stiftung gefördert wird. Hierbei werden in enger Zusammenarbeit von Universität und Schulen Einzelprojekte an Schulen gefördert. Neben den Vorträgen des Lateintags von Herrn Prof. Dr. K.-W. Weeber und Frau PD Dr. Chr. Kunst finden sich daher zum ersten Mal in einem Heft dieser Reihe ein Bericht zum Ablauf des gesamten Projekts sowie einige Berichte zu Schulprojekten.