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- Trans-Cultural Music Education (11)
- Transkulturelle Musikpädagogik (11)
- Unterrichtsmethoden (11)
- Visualisierung (11)
- anthropology (11)
- atomic force microscopy (11)
- bioinformatics (11)
- bullying (11)
- carbon dioxide (11)
- catchment (11)
- charge transport (11)
- clustering (11)
- community (11)
- complex networks (11)
- conformational analysis (11)
- confusions and misunderstandings (11)
- correlation (11)
- culture (11)
- cytokines (11)
- dark matter (11)
- degradation (11)
- design thinking (11)
- disease (11)
- emotions (11)
- events (11)
- evidentiality (11)
- exhumation (11)
- exposure (11)
- expression (11)
- fatty acids (11)
- fluorescent probes (11)
- gamma rays: stars (11)
- genomics (11)
- geochronology (11)
- grazing (11)
- hysteresis (11)
- identification (11)
- image processing (11)
- individual-based model (11)
- infants (11)
- ion mobility spectrometry (11)
- justice sensitivity (11)
- lakes (11)
- lamin (11)
- late bilinguals (11)
- lidar (11)
- local adaptation (11)
- metabarcoding (11)
- metabolic syndrome (11)
- metathesis (11)
- methodology (11)
- microcystin (11)
- microplastics (11)
- palaeogenomics (11)
- phosphorus (11)
- phosphorylation (11)
- photocatalysis (11)
- photoluminescence (11)
- plasmas (11)
- postural control (11)
- public management (11)
- rape (11)
- regional history (11)
- rehabilitation (11)
- reinforcement learning (11)
- renewable energy (11)
- retrieval (11)
- ring-opening polymerization (11)
- ruthenium (11)
- salivary gland (11)
- scene viewing (11)
- social cognition (11)
- speech and language therapy (11)
- speech production (11)
- stars: winds (11)
- strength (11)
- sulfur (11)
- taxonomy (11)
- teaching (11)
- technology (11)
- transfer (11)
- trust (11)
- water balance (11)
- öffentliche Verwaltung (11)
- ADHD (10)
- Aimé Bonpland (10)
- Anxiety (10)
- Apis mellifera (10)
- Australien (10)
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- Briefedition und -korrespondenz (10)
- Centrosome (10)
- Cortisol (10)
- Database (10)
- Datenschutz (10)
- Design Thinking (10)
- Deutsche Literatur der Frühen Neuzeit (10)
- Doping (10)
- Drama (10)
- Eastern Europe (10)
- Electromyography (10)
- FGF21 (10)
- Finanzkrise (10)
- Forschungsprojekte (10)
- Franconia (10)
- Franken (10)
- Future SOC Lab (10)
- GDR (10)
- Genetics (10)
- Great Britain (10)
- Großbritannien (10)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut (10)
- In-Memory Technologie (10)
- Indian summer monsoon (10)
- Indien (10)
- Inflammation (10)
- Intertextualität (10)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (10)
- Ionic liquids (10)
- Japan (10)
- Kinetics (10)
- Kolumbien (10)
- Kooperation (10)
- Korruption (10)
- Manganese (10)
- Mars (10)
- MiSpEx (10)
- Militär / Geschichte (10)
- Model (10)
- Modelling (10)
- Multicore Architekturen (10)
- Myodes glareolus (10)
- Narcissism (10)
- Naturgefahren (10)
- Nichtlineare Dynamik (10)
- Ostracoda (10)
- Paleoclimate (10)
- Pflanzengeographie (10)
- Physik (10)
- Pleistocene (10)
- Polizeisoziologie (10)
- Privacy (10)
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- Quality of life (10)
- Reflexionskompetenz (10)
- Rhetorik (10)
- Schulforschung (10)
- Southeast Asia (10)
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- Stability (10)
- Stoffwechsel (10)
- Strategie (10)
- Sun: photosphere (10)
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- Terrorismus (10)
- Türkei (10)
- Umweltschutz (10)
- United Nations (10)
- Visualization (10)
- Wilhelm von Humboldt (10)
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- Zeitreihenanalyse (10)
- Zentralasien (10)
- accountability (10)
- adipose tissue (10)
- adolescent (10)
- back pain (10)
- biophysics (10)
- carbon nitride (10)
- chaos (10)
- child (10)
- climate change adaptation (10)
- climate variability (10)
- cluster expansion (10)
- co-citation analysis (10)
- complexity (10)
- crisis (10)
- crystallization (10)
- cue-based retrieval (10)
- diatoms (10)
- digital health (10)
- discourse analysis (10)
- dopamine (10)
- elderly (10)
- embodiment (10)
- exhaustivity (10)
- extreme events (10)
- films (10)
- fitness (10)
- food (10)
- freshwater (10)
- gamma rays: ISM (10)
- gamma-ray burst: general (10)
- gene (10)
- geophysics (10)
- gold nanoparticles (10)
- heat stress (10)
- human behaviour (10)
- human capital (10)
- human physical conditioning (10)
- human rights (10)
- hypertension (10)
- immigration (10)
- ionic liquid (10)
- language production (10)
- leadership (10)
- light pollution (10)
- living cells (10)
- luminescence (10)
- magnetosphere (10)
- manganese (10)
- masked priming (10)
- mental arithmetic (10)
- microsatellites (10)
- middle childhood (10)
- mitigation (10)
- mobility (10)
- molybdenum cofactor (10)
- motor control (10)
- movement ecology (10)
- nonlinear dynamics (10)
- numerische Modellierung (10)
- operational momentum (10)
- organic chemistry (10)
- overweight (10)
- peptide (10)
- peptides (10)
- phylogeography (10)
- plasma (10)
- policy (10)
- potassium (10)
- productivity (10)
- protein folding (10)
- public health (10)
- quantum dots (10)
- representation (10)
- sea-level rise (10)
- second language (10)
- selection (10)
- self-regulation (10)
- senescence (10)
- soil (10)
- solar cells (10)
- spatial-numerical associations (10)
- species richness (10)
- starch metabolism (10)
- stars (10)
- stars: AGB and post-AGB (10)
- surface plasmon resonance (10)
- techniques: imaging spectroscopy (10)
- techniques: photometric (10)
- training load (10)
- visualization (10)
- water quality (10)
- 20th century (9)
- Albert (9)
- Algorithms (9)
- Anpassung (9)
- Antarctica (9)
- Astronomie (9)
- BPMN (9)
- Bacteria (9)
- Bildungswissenschaften (9)
- Biogeography (9)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (9)
- Brownian motion (9)
- Campylomormyrus (9)
- Camus (9)
- Cauchy problem (9)
- Chaos (9)
- Cold War (9)
- Coordination (9)
- Coping (9)
- Datenintegration (9)
- Deep Learning (9)
- Diabetes (9)
- Diskussion-Unterricht (9)
- E-Government (9)
- Ecology (9)
- Ecuador (9)
- Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (9)
- Ernährung (9)
- Eye tracking (9)
- Fragmentation (9)
- Frauen (9)
- Geographie-Didaktik (9)
- Geographie-Studium (9)
- Geographie-Unterricht (9)
- Gold (9)
- Hasso Plattner Institute (9)
- Himalayas (9)
- Holocaust (9)
- Holozän (9)
- ISM: structure (9)
- Infancy (9)
- Information structure (9)
- Insulin resistance (9)
- Interactional Linguistics (9)
- Inverse theory (9)
- Kalman filter (9)
- Kartographie (9)
- Klimaanpassung (9)
- Kohlenstoff (9)
- Konstruktivismus (9)
- Konversationsanalyse (9)
- Krise (9)
- Language (9)
- Lateinunterricht (9)
- Lidar (9)
- Mass spectrometry (9)
- Metabolomics (9)
- Metzler Handbuch 2.0 (9)
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- Namibia (9)
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- Phosphorus (9)
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- Principal component analysis (9)
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- Quaternary (9)
- Randomized controlled trial (9)
- Rezeptionsgeschichte (9)
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- Statistical seismology (9)
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- Subduction (9)
- Sun: chromosphere (9)
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- Systemtheorie (9)
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- Verhalten (9)
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- Weiterbildung (9)
- Weltbegriff (9)
- Weltbewusstsein (9)
- Wissensmanagement (9)
- World Bank (9)
- administration (9)
- algae (9)
- allometry (9)
- antibody (9)
- authoritarianism (9)
- biofilm (9)
- biomaterial (9)
- biomineralization (9)
- block copolymer (9)
- business process management (9)
- cardiovascular disease (9)
- cell adhesion (9)
- cellulose (9)
- change (9)
- charge transfer (9)
- chromatin (9)
- clefts (9)
- comparison (9)
- competence (9)
- conservation genetics (9)
- coronary artery disease (9)
- cosmology: observations (9)
- cultural science (9)
- dark ages, reionization, first stars (9)
- data integration (9)
- decision making (9)
- deutsche Außenpolitik (9)
- diet (9)
- disturbance (9)
- ecosystems (9)
- educational sciences (9)
- efficiency (9)
- electron transfer (9)
- elliptic operators (9)
- enzymes (9)
- ethnicity (9)
- executive function (9)
- executive functions (9)
- flexibility (9)
- food web (9)
- forest management (9)
- frequency (9)
- galaxies: interactions (9)
- galaxies: starburst (9)
- geochemistry (9)
- hybridization (9)
- immobilization (9)
- inclusive education (9)
- inference (9)
- inhibition (9)
- insect (9)
- intelligence (9)
- international organizations (9)
- isometric muscle action (9)
- kitchen (9)
- kitchen culture (9)
- knowledge (9)
- locality (9)
- membrane (9)
- methods (9)
- microscopy (9)
- microstructure (9)
- mixed methods (9)
- moderne jüdische Geschichte (9)
- mtDNA (9)
- natural language processing (9)
- neuromuscular control (9)
- neuroplasticity (9)
- organization (9)
- osteoporosis (9)
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- perpetration (9)
- persistence (9)
- physiology (9)
- plasmonics (9)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (9)
- polyzwitterion (9)
- population (9)
- preparedness (9)
- preview benefit (9)
- professional development (9)
- proteomics (9)
- quality assurance (9)
- race (9)
- reactive transport (9)
- relation historique (9)
- reproducibility (9)
- resources (9)
- responses (9)
- seed dispersal (9)
- self-esteem (9)
- sexual scripts (9)
- signal transduction (9)
- site effects (9)
- skills (9)
- slavic countries (9)
- social inclusion (9)
- stars: kinematics and dynamics (9)
- stars: rotation (9)
- structure (9)
- surface chemistry (9)
- surface modification (9)
- suspended sediment (9)
- techniques: polarimetric (9)
- time series (9)
- ultrafast (9)
- waves (9)
- weather (9)
- Öffentliche Verwaltung (9)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (9)
- 1814-1831 (8)
- ACT-R (8)
- AFLP (8)
- Alcohol dependence (8)
- Anatolia (8)
- Antisemitismus (8)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (8)
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- Assessment (8)
- Astrophysik (8)
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- Bombina bombina (8)
- Bürgerbeteiligung (8)
- C. elegans (8)
- Carbohydrates (8)
- Childhood (8)
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- Competition (8)
- Computational modeling (8)
- Connectivity (8)
- Cosmogenic nuclides (8)
- DFT calculations (8)
- DNA damage (8)
- Deformation (8)
- Degradation (8)
- Dezentralisierung (8)
- Direct electron transfer (8)
- Discussion (8)
- Diskursanalyse (8)
- E. coli (8)
- East Africa (8)
- East Germany (8)
- Ecosystem services (8)
- Emotionen (8)
- Englischunterricht (8)
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- Erinnerungskultur (8)
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- Forschungskolleg (8)
- Friedrich Wilhelm III. (8)
- Galaxien (8)
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- Grammatik (8)
- Gravitationswellen (8)
- Greenland (8)
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- Individual differences (8)
- Information Structure (8)
- Interaktion (8)
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- Italien (8)
- Johann Gottfried Herder (8)
- Jugendforschung (8)
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- Klausurtagung (8)
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- Komplexität (8)
- Korrespondenz (8)
- Kulturvergleich (8)
- Landsat (8)
- Landslide (8)
- Last Glacial Maximum (8)
- Latein (8)
- Lepus europaeus (8)
- Ludwig Leichhardt (8)
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- Magnetismus (8)
- Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (8)
- Menschenrecht (8)
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- Microtus arvalis (8)
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- Monitoring (8)
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- Overweight (8)
- PCA (8)
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- Polyelektrolyt (8)
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- Prediction (8)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8)
- Realpolitik (8)
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- Regulierung (8)
- Security (8)
- Sentence comprehension (8)
- Service-oriented Systems Engineering (8)
- Sphingolipids (8)
- Sport (8)
- Sprachkontakt (8)
- Steuerung (8)
- Subduktion (8)
- Sun: filaments, prominences (8)
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- TAVI (8)
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- Taxonomy (8)
- Teacher training (8)
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- Theoretical calculations (8)
- Thermokarst (8)
- Through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) (8)
- Twitter (8)
- Unsicherheit (8)
- Validation (8)
- Vitamin A (8)
- Wahlen (8)
- X-ray refraction (8)
- X-ray structure (8)
- Younger Dryas (8)
- Youth (8)
- Zeitgenossen (8)
- Zentraleuropa (8)
- Zooplankton (8)
- acceleration (8)
- acculturation (8)
- alien species (8)
- amerikanische Reisetagebücher (8)
- animal movement (8)
- arithmetic (8)
- astrophysics (8)
- attitude (8)
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- augmented reality (8)
- auxin (8)
- bicameralism (8)
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- cAMP (8)
- carbon cycle (8)
- cardiovascular diseases (8)
- cell-free protein synthesis (8)
- cells (8)
- chemistry (8)
- chemotaxis (8)
- chronic kidney disease (8)
- climate impacts (8)
- climate-change mitigation (8)
- cloud (8)
- coherence (8)
- complex systems (8)
- consistency (8)
- control (8)
- convection (8)
- conversation analysis (8)
- cortisol (8)
- cytotoxicity (8)
- data profiling (8)
- density functional calculations (8)
- dielectrophoresis (8)
- digitale Medien (8)
- dissociative electron attachment (8)
- distribution (8)
- electrospinning (8)
- energy (8)
- energy policy (8)
- energy storage (8)
- ensemble Kalman filter (8)
- ethics (8)
- experiments (8)
- extension (8)
- extinction (8)
- feminism (8)
- fiscal policy (8)
- flood (8)
- flow (8)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (8)
- force (8)
- fractional Brownian motion (8)
- galaxies (8)
- galaxies: dwarf (8)
- gamma-rays: galaxies (8)
- gender differences (8)
- genetics (8)
- grain size (8)
- graphene (8)
- heart rate variability (8)
- home range (8)
- imaging (8)
- injury risk (8)
- instability (8)
- institutions (8)
- insurance (8)
- intergovernmental relations (8)
- isomerization (8)
- land use change (8)
- landscape of fear (8)
- language contact (8)
- light (8)
- lipid metabolism (8)
- magnetism (8)
- major depressive disorder (8)
- malnutrition (8)
- mathematical modeling (8)
- mathematische Modellierung (8)
- maximal isometric Adaptive Force (8)
- meaning (8)
- measurement (8)
- mechanisms (8)
- mechanobiology (8)
- media violence (8)
- membranes (8)
- metabolite profiling (8)
- methane (8)
- microfluidics (8)
- microtubules (8)
- military (8)
- minerals (8)
- modality (8)
- morphological processing (8)
- multicore architectures (8)
- muscle (8)
- music (8)
- nanocomposite (8)
- narcissism (8)
- natural products (8)
- neutron diffraction (8)
- noise (8)
- nuclear envelope (8)
- nuclear lamina (8)
- numerical relativity (8)
- numerical simulation (8)
- numerical simulations (8)
- oscillations (8)
- outflows (8)
- pain (8)
- parliamentary government (8)
- perceptual span (8)
- perturbation (8)
- phase transition (8)
- phonological awareness (8)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (8)
- physics (8)
- plankton (8)
- plant diversity (8)
- polarization (8)
- polyelectrolyte (8)
- pregnancy (8)
- production (8)
- production control (8)
- programming (8)
- pronouns (8)
- propensity score matching (8)
- proteasome (8)
- psychotherapy training (8)
- public sector (8)
- pulsars: general (8)
- quality (8)
- quantification (8)
- quasars: general (8)
- reanalysis (8)
- recombination (8)
- research projects (8)
- residual stress (8)
- restoration (8)
- risk perception (8)
- rotation (8)
- sediment transport (8)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (8)
- seismic hazard (8)
- sensors (8)
- snow (8)
- social capital (8)
- soil organic carbon (8)
- spatial frequencies (8)
- stars: activity (8)
- stars: emission-line, Be (8)
- surveillance (8)
- sustainable development (8)
- taste (8)
- teaching quality (8)
- techniques: image processing (8)
- thermokarst (8)
- time-series (8)
- topography (8)
- tracking (8)
- treeline (8)
- trends (8)
- urbanization (8)
- variation (8)
- ventral striatum (8)
- verification (8)
- vitamin A (8)
- wh-questions (8)
- work (8)
- yellow flags (8)
- youth sports (8)
- Abrüstung (7)
- Agency (7)
- Algeria (7)
- Alps (7)
- Anisotropy (7)
- Anisotropy effect (7)
- Antike (7)
- Apoptosis (7)
- Aromaticity (7)
- Aufmerksamkeit (7)
- Balance (7)
- Bewegung (7)
- Blockcopolymere (7)
- Botanik (7)
- Brasilien (7)
- CO2 (7)
- COVID-19 pandemic (7)
- Capsella (7)
- Clusteranalyse (7)
- Complex networks (7)
- Complexity (7)
- Crustal structure (7)
- Cytotoxicity (7)
- DNA radiation damage (7)
- Decision-making (7)
- Dekonstruktion (7)
- Democracy (7)
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- Design (7)
- Deutschdidaktik (7)
- Digitale Plattformen (7)
- Dirac operator (7)
- Diskriminierung (7)
- Diskurs (7)
- Disturbance (7)
- East African Rift System (7)
- Egypt (7)
- Emulsion (7)
- Erziehungswissenschaften (7)
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- Fachwissen (7)
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- Geochemistry (7)
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- Herrschaft (7)
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- Kalter Krieg (7)
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- Klimaänderung (7)
- Kompetenzen (7)
- Krieg (7)
- LCSM (7)
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- Landnutzung (7)
- Landschaftsmalerei (7)
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- Massenspektrometrie (7)
- Mekong Delta (7)
- Memory (7)
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- Microtubules (7)
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- Molecularly imprinted polymers (7)
- Molybdenum cofactor (7)
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- Musik (7)
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- PBPK (7)
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- Paleolimnology (7)
- Palästina (7)
- Parteien (7)
- Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (7)
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- RIXS (7)
- Raman (7)
- Reading motivation (7)
- Remote sensing (7)
- Resistance training (7)
- Resozialisierung (7)
- Return to work (7)
- Rheologie (7)
- Ring current effect (7)
- Risiko (7)
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- Security Policy (7)
- Seesedimente (7)
- Smalltalk (7)
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- Solanaceae (7)
- Sprachwandel (7)
- Sprachwissenschaft (7)
- Starch metabolism (7)
- Stickstoff (7)
- Survey (7)
- Switzerland (7)
- Synthesis (7)
- Tagebuch (7)
- Theory (7)
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- mapping (7)
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- sodium (6)
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- state (6)
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- trade-offs (6)
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- tundra (6)
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- uncertainty quantification (6)
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- Eye movement (5)
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- Fatigue (5)
- Feature selection (5)
- Fetal programming (5)
- Finanzmärkte (5)
- Fire-bellied toad (5)
- Flow cytometry (5)
- Flow-Erleben (5)
- Fluorescence imaging (5)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (5)
- Fokker-Planck equation (5)
- Food quality (5)
- Frailty (5)
- Frauenliteratur (5)
- Free Group (5)
- French (5)
- Functional ankle instability (5)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (5)
- GABA (5)
- GPCR (5)
- Galaxy: center (5)
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- Genregulation (5)
- Geochemie (5)
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- Givenness (5)
- Glucose (5)
- Gold nanoparticles (5)
- Graph theory (5)
- Grassland (5)
- Grenzen (5)
- Ground reaction force (5)
- Growth (5)
- Grundwasser (5)
- HSFA2 (5)
- HVSR (5)
- Habitat fragmentation (5)
- Heart rate variability (5)
- Heiner Müller (5)
- Hermeneutik (5)
- Heterocycles (5)
- Holding isometric muscle action (5)
- Humanismus (5)
- Humankapital (5)
- Humboldt und Hispanoamerika (5)
- IAT (5)
- IR-MALDI (5)
- ISM: jets and outflows (5)
- ISM: lines and bands (5)
- ISM: magnetic fields (5)
- Identitätsmanagement (5)
- Imaging (5)
- Immanuel Kant (5)
- Inclusion (5)
- Index (5)
- Individual-based models (5)
- Informatikdidaktik (5)
- Infrastruktur (5)
- Insect (5)
- Insekten (5)
- Ionosphere (5)
- Janus emulsions (5)
- Jaspers (5)
- KMU (5)
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- Klimaveränderung (5)
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- Korrosion (5)
- Kunst (5)
- Körper (5)
- L2 (5)
- L2 processing (5)
- LCST (5)
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- Labour market (5)
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- Ladungstransport (5)
- Land-use intensity (5)
- Landslides (5)
- Langmuir monolayer (5)
- Language production (5)
- Larix (5)
- Late Holocene (5)
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- Lonar Lake (5)
- MQTT (5)
- Macht (5)
- Magnetostratigraphy (5)
- Marktübersicht (5)
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- Methoden (5)
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- Moco biosynthesis (5)
- Modernization (5)
- Molekulardynamik (5)
- Momententensor (5)
- Mongolei (5)
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- Mythos (5)
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- NW Argentina (5)
- Nachruf (5)
- National Socialism (5)
- Nationalismus (5)
- Natural language processing (5)
- Negotiation (5)
- Neo-Tethys (5)
- Nepal (5)
- Network clustering (5)
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- Nonlinear Dynamics (5)
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- O2C spectrophotometer (5)
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- Organic solar cells (5)
- Organisationen (5)
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- Philipp Melanchthon (5)
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- Pinus sylvestris (5)
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- Process (5)
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- Public Service Motivation (5)
- Pushing isometric muscle action (5)
- Quantengravitation (5)
- Quantum chemical calculations (5)
- RNA (5)
- RNA-Seq (5)
- RNAseq (5)
- ROS (5)
- RPA (5)
- Radiation belts (5)
- Rechtschreibung (5)
- Rede (5)
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- Regulation (5)
- Reiseliteratur (5)
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- Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (5)
- Respiration (5)
- Revolution (5)
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- Risk assessment (5)
- Risk reduction (5)
- Rohstoffe (5)
- Romantik (5)
- Rumänien (5)
- Russland-Tagebuch (5)
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- SAR (5)
- SDGs (5)
- SRTM (5)
- STM (5)
- SWAT (5)
- Sachsen (5)
- Salmonella (5)
- Scattering (5)
- Schriftspracherwerb (5)
- Schweden (5)
- Schwerpunktthema „À propos Kehlmann“ (5)
- Screening (5)
- Security Council (5)
- Seismic attenuation (5)
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- Self-regulation (5)
- Sentence reading (5)
- Sexual aggression (5)
- Simulations (5)
- Slavistik (5)
- Softwareentwicklung (5)
- Solar cells (5)
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- Species richness (5)
- Speicheldrüse (5)
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate (5)
- Sprachbildung (5)
- Sprachgeschichte (5)
- Sprachverständnis (5)
- Staatsrecht (5)
- Stochastische Prozesse (5)
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- Stärke (5)
- Supervision (5)
- System (5)
- Systematic review (5)
- Südamerika (5)
- Tagung (5)
- Tarim Basin (5)
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- Temperatur (5)
- TerraceM (5)
- Thin film (5)
- Throughfall (5)
- Ti-6Al-4V (5)
- Tian Shan (5)
- TransArea Studies (5)
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- Transfer function (5)
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- Trust (5)
- Tsunami (5)
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- Ultrafast X-ray diffraction (5)
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- Validity (5)
- Variabilität (5)
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- Videoanalyse (5)
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- Virus (5)
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- Vogtland (5)
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- Vulnerability (5)
- Wasserhaushalt (5)
- Wissen (5)
- Word frequency (5)
- Workplace (5)
- X-ray absorption (5)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (5)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (5)
- X-ray spectroscopy (5)
- Xanthomonas (5)
- Zelladhäsion (5)
- Zentralanden (5)
- Zweitveröffentlichung (5)
- absorption (5)
- academic self-concept (5)
- acceptance (5)
- accumulation (5)
- actin (5)
- action observation (5)
- activated carbon (5)
- acute coronary syndrome (5)
- acute kidney injury (5)
- adaptability (5)
- adhesion (5)
- adiponectin (5)
- administrative reforms (5)
- agility (5)
- agricultural landscapes (5)
- alcohol consumption (5)
- alternatives (5)
- anger regulation (5)
- angiogenesis (5)
- anisotropy (5)
- anorexia nervosa (5)
- anthracenes (5)
- antibiotic resistance (5)
- antidepressants (5)
- antiplasmodial (5)
- aptamers (5)
- aquatic fungi (5)
- array seismology (5)
- artifical intelligence (5)
- associations (5)
- attribution (5)
- autocorrelation (5)
- autocracy (5)
- autophagy (5)
- avoidance (5)
- bacteriophage (5)
- basin (5)
- beliefs (5)
- benzaldehyde (5)
- biological invasions (5)
- biomarkers (5)
- biosynthesis (5)
- body composition (5)
- body waves (5)
- buildings (5)
- burnout (5)
- calculation (5)
- carbon cycling (5)
- cartography (5)
- catalysts (5)
- categories (5)
- cell wall (5)
- cell-based assay (5)
- change management (5)
- change of direction (5)
- charge-transfer (5)
- child language (5)
- chitosan (5)
- circular dichroism (5)
- citation analysis (5)
- citizenship (5)
- civil society (5)
- civil war (5)
- civil-military relations (5)
- climate warming (5)
- clinical supervision (5)
- coarticulation (5)
- codon usage (5)
- coffee by-products (5)
- collapse (5)
- colloids (5)
- comets: general (5)
- common vole (5)
- communities (5)
- community effect on height (5)
- comorbidity (5)
- competencies (5)
- compliance (5)
- composites (5)
- computational linguistics (5)
- confinement (5)
- conflict resolution (5)
- conjugated polymers (5)
- consequences (5)
- construct validity (5)
- construction (5)
- constructivism (5)
- contracts (5)
- conversational agents (5)
- coping strategies (5)
- coronary heart disease (5)
- corpus linguistics (5)
- corrosion (5)
- cosmic-ray neutron sensing (5)
- cosmology: theory (5)
- counting (5)
- crop production (5)
- cultural pluralism (5)
- cytosine methylation (5)
- data preparation (5)
- data quality (5)
- deep reinforcement learning (5)
- definite pseudoclefts (5)
- democratic theory (5)
- demographic change (5)
- demography (5)
- dependencies (5)
- diagnostics (5)
- differentiation (5)
- digital rock physics (5)
- digital technologies (5)
- digitale Transformation (5)
- direct electron transfer (5)
- disability (5)
- disaster risk reduction (5)
- distributed systems (5)
- dogs (5)
- drop jump (5)
- drought stress (5)
- drug delivery (5)
- drugs (5)
- duration (5)
- dynamic NMR (5)
- e-government (5)
- earthquakes (5)
- eating behavior (5)
- eating disorders (5)
- ecological speciation (5)
- elections (5)
- electron microscopy (5)
- electron paramagnetic resonance (5)
- electronic structure (5)
- electropolymerization (5)
- elevated CO2 (5)
- ellipsis processing (5)
- elliptic complexes (5)
- ellipticity (5)
- emotion recognition (5)
- emulsion (5)
- emulsion polymerization (5)
- energy expenditure (5)
- energy metabolism (5)
- entity resolution (5)
- environment (5)
- environmental DNA (5)
- equality (5)
- equatorial electrojet (5)
- evapotranspiration (5)
- event coincidence analysis (5)
- expectation (5)
- expectations (5)
- experimental design (5)
- eye-movement control (5)
- family (5)
- fatty acid (5)
- faults (5)
- feature selection (5)
- ferroelectret (5)
- field (5)
- filaments (5)
- film (5)
- finger counting (5)
- fire (5)
- firm performance (5)
- fish (5)
- flood risk management (5)
- fluctuations (5)
- food choice (5)
- foraging (5)
- frailty (5)
- freedom (5)
- frequency analysis (5)
- fruit (5)
- functionalization (5)
- galaxies: haloes (5)
- galaxies: halos (5)
- galaxies: nuclei (5)
- gene regulation (5)
- genetic diversity (5)
- geovisualization (5)
- giftedness (5)
- globular clusters: general (5)
- government (5)
- grammaticalization (5)
- graph theory (5)
- ground reaction force (5)
- grounded cognition (5)
- groundwater recharge (5)
- gut microbiota (5)
- habitat use (5)
- heart failure (5)
- heart rate (5)
- height (5)
- hemocompatibility (5)
- hemoglobin amount (5)
- heritage language (5)
- heteroatoms (5)
- heterosis (5)
- heuristics (5)
- homeostasis (5)
- hospitals (5)
- human-computer interaction (5)
- hydrogen peroxide (5)
- hydrological modeling (5)
- hydrological modelling (5)
- hydropower (5)
- hydrothermal (5)
- hydroxyapatite (5)
- hyperspectral (5)
- hypochondriasis (5)
- hyporheic zone (5)
- ice-sheet (5)
- identity management (5)
- immunoassay (5)
- implementation (5)
- impulsivity (5)
- in-memory technology (5)
- in-situ (5)
- index theory (5)
- industry 4.0 (5)
- infection pathway (5)
- infinite-dimensional Brownian diffusion (5)
- infrastructure (5)
- inheritance (5)
- inorganic perovskites (5)
- insects (5)
- institutional design (5)
- integral field spectroscopy (5)
- inter-individual differences (5)
- intercultural competence (5)
- interest (5)
- interface (5)
- international cooperation (5)
- intersectionality (5)
- intimate partner violence (5)
- intraspecific trait variation (5)
- inundation (5)
- ionische Flüssigkeiten (5)
- ionosphere (5)
- island biogeography (5)
- justice (5)
- komplexe Netzwerke (5)
- kosmogene Nuklide (5)
- landscape (5)
- language change (5)
- language comprehension (5)
- laser powder bed fusion (5)
- laterality (5)
- leaf (5)
- learning environment (5)
- lexical access (5)
- lexicon size (5)
- lifestyle (5)
- linear mixed models (5)
- linear term (5)
- lipid membranes (5)
- lipidomics (5)
- lipopolysaccharide (5)
- liposomes (5)
- livestock (5)
- local governance (5)
- local time (5)
- localization (5)
- long-term effects (5)
- mHealth (5)
- machine (5)
- macrophages (5)
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- magnetostratigraphy (5)
- manufacturing (5)
- maturity (5)
- mechanical properties (5)
- metabolic engineering (5)
- metabolic network (5)
- metabolic regulation (5)
- metacognition (5)
- metagenomics (5)
- metal (5)
- metal-organic frameworks (5)
- methanogenic archaea (5)
- methods: statistical (5)
- miRNAs (5)
- microbial interactions (5)
- microbiology (5)
- microcontact printing (5)
- microgels (5)
- micronutrients (5)
- microparticles (5)
- microsaccades (5)
- microsimulation (5)
- middleware (5)
- mineralization (5)
- minimum wage (5)
- mitochondrial genome (5)
- modernization (5)
- molecular evolution (5)
- molekulare Motoren (5)
- monoclonal antibodies (5)
- morphologically complex words (5)
- mouse (5)
- multiblock copolymer (5)
- multilevel analysis (5)
- multiplicative noise (5)
- museum specimens (5)
- musicality (5)
- myth (5)
- n-alkanes (5)
- narrative (5)
- natural hazard (5)
- neovascularization (5)
- neuromuscular (5)
- neurotoxicity (5)
- new species (5)
- next-generation sequencing (5)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (5)
- non-state actors (5)
- nonlinear time series analysis (5)
- norepinephrine (5)
- oncology (5)
- online (5)
- online hate (5)
- ontology (5)
- opposition (5)
- optimism (5)
- organizations (5)
- outcome (5)
- oxidation (5)
- paleomagnetism (5)
- parental mediation (5)
- partial melting (5)
- participatory research (5)
- particle acceleration (5)
- particle-in-cell simulations (5)
- pathways (5)
- peacekeeping (5)
- perceptual reorganization (5)
- periodization (5)
- permafrost degradation (5)
- permafrost thaw (5)
- permeability (5)
- peroxides (5)
- phase (5)
- phase separation (5)
- phenotyping (5)
- phonology (5)
- photophysics (5)
- photovoltaics (5)
- physical performance (5)
- physics education (5)
- planet-star interactions (5)
- planets and satellites: atmospheres (5)
- plant community (5)
- plant functional trait (5)
- plant functional traits (5)
- plateau (5)
- plyometric exercise (5)
- policy advice (5)
- politeness (5)
- political education (5)
- pollination (5)
- poly(lactic acid) (5)
- polyethylene (5)
- polymer chemistry (5)
- polymer degradation (5)
- polymorphism (5)
- polypropylene (5)
- population genomics (5)
- populations (5)
- populism (5)
- pornography (5)
- positive selection (5)
- postural sway (5)
- poverty (5)
- preferences (5)
- preschool children (5)
- pressure (5)
- private households (5)
- probabilistic (5)
- problem solving (5)
- professionalization (5)
- protein-protein interactions (5)
- psychometric properties (5)
- psychotherapy process (5)
- pupillometry (5)
- purification (5)
- qualitative analysis (5)
- qualitative content analysis (5)
- qualitative research (5)
- quantitative Analyse (5)
- quantitative analysis (5)
- quantum field theory (5)
- radicals (5)
- random diffusivity (5)
- random-walks (5)
- range shifts (5)
- rare earth elements (5)
- reading comprehension (5)
- real-time rendering (5)
- record (5)
- reflexives (5)
- refugee (5)
- regional development (5)
- regression (5)
- reionization (5)
- rejection sensitivity (5)
- relational aggression (5)
- relativistic jets (5)
- repetition (5)
- replication (5)
- representation learning (5)
- reproductive success (5)
- research data management (5)
- resonance energy transfer (5)
- resource competition (5)
- reversible measure (5)
- rhythmic grouping (5)
- rice (5)
- risk analysis (5)
- risk communication (5)
- risk management (5)
- risk-factors (5)
- rivers (5)
- root traits (5)
- rotifers (5)
- rural (5)
- salicylic acid (5)
- scaling (5)
- scenario (5)
- scenarios (5)
- school shooting (5)
- science (5)
- seed bank (5)
- seismic noise (5)
- selectivity (5)
- self-employment (5)
- self-evaluation (5)
- semi-arid (5)
- semi-parliamentary government (5)
- sentence reading (5)
- sentiment analysis (5)
- service-oriented systems engineering (5)
- sexual victimization (5)
- shape-memory polymers (5)
- shotgun sequencing (5)
- silica (5)
- single-particle tracking (5)
- smart contracts (5)
- social (5)
- social acceptance (5)
- social inequality (5)
- social network (5)
- social networking sites (5)
- sociolinguistics (5)
- sol-gel (5)
- space (5)
- spatial autocorrelation (5)
- spatial cognition (5)
- spatial-distribution (5)
- species coexistence (5)
- species distribution models (5)
- spectral analysis (5)
- spectral flow (5)
- speech motor control (5)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (5)
- sport-specific performance (5)
- standards (5)
- starch phosphorylation (5)
- stars: chemically peculiar (5)
- stars: distances (5)
- stars: formation (5)
- stars: mass loss (5)
- statistical physics (5)
- statistical seismology (5)
- stellar activity (5)
- stochastic models (5)
- stochastic resetting (5)
- strategic growth adjustments (5)
- strategy (5)
- streamflow (5)
- striking combat sports (5)
- students (5)
- stunting (5)
- sulfate reduction (5)
- supergiants (5)
- supernovae: general (5)
- superstatistics (5)
- surface processes (5)
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (5)
- surfaces (5)
- survey (5)
- synthetische Biologie (5)
- tRNA (5)
- tax reform (5)
- tectonic geomorphology (5)
- telemedicine (5)
- theory of mind (5)
- thermal modeling (5)
- thermodynamic stability (5)
- tiefes Lernen (5)
- top-down control (5)
- trajectories (5)
- transparency (5)
- trend analysis (5)
- tunneling (5)
- tyramine (5)
- ultraviolet: ISM (5)
- uncertainties (5)
- upconversion (5)
- urban (5)
- usability (5)
- vegetation change (5)
- victim blame (5)
- video games (5)
- virtual machines (5)
- virus (5)
- visual culture (5)
- visual word recognition (5)
- vocational training (5)
- voltage losses (5)
- weather extremes (5)
- weight (5)
- welfare (5)
- wetland (5)
- workplace (5)
- xanthine dehydrogenase (5)
- Ägypten (5)
- Öffentlicher Sektor (5)
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- ökologische Modellierung (5)
- 1799 (4)
- 1804 (4)
- 1830 (4)
- 1831 (4)
- 1849 (4)
- 2nd-language (4)
- 3D-Visualisierung (4)
- 4 (4)
- ABC transporter (4)
- ASIC (4)
- Academic achievement (4)
- Academic self-concept (4)
- Achilles tendon (4)
- Actin cytoskeleton (4)
- Active tectonics (4)
- Adipose tissue (4)
- Aerosol (4)
- Aerosols (4)
- Affordances (4)
- Agrammatism (4)
- Agreement (4)
- Akzeptanz (4)
- Alborz Mountains (4)
- Alejandro de Humboldt en México (4)
- Alexander-von-Humboldt-Forschungsstelle (4)
- Alexithymia (4)
- Alignment (4)
- Allometry (4)
- Alzheimer (4)
- Amerika-Reise (4)
- Amino acids (4)
- Amphibia (4)
- Analyse (4)
- Andreas Gryphius (4)
- Ankle sprain (4)
- Anreize (4)
- Ansichten der Kordilleren und Monumente der eingeborenen Völker Amerikas (4)
- Ansichten der Natur (4)
- Anthropocene (4)
- Anthropogene Klimaänderung (4)
- Antifouling (4)
- Antiplasmodial (4)
- Arabidopsis-thaliana (4)
- Aral Sea (4)
- Arbeitslosigkeit (4)
- Aridity (4)
- Arsenic (4)
- Arsenic-containing fatty acids (4)
- Asie Centrale (4)
- Astroteilchenphysik (4)
- Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (4)
- Atlantic studies (4)
- Atmosphere (4)
- Attrition (4)
- Augenbewegungen (4)
- Augmented reality (4)
- Ausbreitung (4)
- Auslandseinsatz (4)
- Automatisierung (4)
- Auxin (4)
- Averroes (4)
- Avé-Lallemant (4)
- Azobenzene (4)
- BDNF (4)
- BRD (4)
- Bakteriophagen (4)
- Bayesian analysis (4)
- Bayesian estimation (4)
- Bedeutung (4)
- Bergbau (4)
- Beschleunigung (4)
- Beschäftigungspolitik (4)
- Betriebssysteme (4)
- Bewertung (4)
- Biaryls (4)
- Bibel (4)
- Bibliographie der selbstständigen Schriften (4)
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- conversion (4)
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- copper(II) (4)
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- correlations (4)
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- coupling (4)
- covariance (4)
- creep (4)
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- crust (4)
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- cyberbullying victimization (4)
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- cytochrome c (4)
- data mining (4)
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- debugging (4)
- deep-sea (4)
- definition (4)
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- deformation (4)
- degenerative disc disease (4)
- dependence (4)
- deposition (4)
- deutsch-jüdische Geschichte (4)
- developing countries (4)
- diabetes mellitus (4)
- diachrony (4)
- diagnostic competence (4)
- dictator game (4)
- dictyostelium (4)
- differential operators (4)
- digital sovereignty (4)
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- discourse production (4)
- distress (4)
- diversification (4)
- dog (4)
- downscaling (4)
- dropout (4)
- drylands (4)
- dual-process (4)
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- edge effect (4)
- effect (4)
- electrical conductivity (4)
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- enhancement (4)
- entanglement (4)
- environmental economics (4)
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- environmental policy (4)
- equation (4)
- equifinality (4)
- errata, addenda (4)
- ethnic differences (4)
- ethnic identity (4)
- evaluative study (4)
- evaporites (4)
- event-related brain potentials (4)
- everyday life (4)
- evolutionary history (4)
- exchange (4)
- executive personalism (4)
- exercise intensity (4)
- expansion microscopy (4)
- exploratory-behavior (4)
- extracellular matrix (4)
- extremophiles (4)
- eye-movement monitoring (4)
- face perception (4)
- fatty acid metabolism (4)
- fatty-acids (4)
- fault (4)
- fence ecology (4)
- ferroelectrets (4)
- ferroelectric polymers (4)
- ferroelectricity (4)
- financial crisis (4)
- financial institutions (4)
- first language acquisition (4)
- first-passage (4)
- fiscal federalism (4)
- fixation durations (4)
- flavonoid (4)
- floral scent (4)
- flower development (4)
- fluctuating light (4)
- fluid inclusions (4)
- focal adhesion (4)
- food neophilia (4)
- forecast (4)
- forest (4)
- formal verification (4)
- forschendes Lernen (4)
- fractional dynamics (4)
- fracture (4)
- friendship (4)
- frustration (4)
- fsQCA (4)
- functional response (4)
- fundamental frequency (4)
- fungi (4)
- galaxies: fundamental parameters (4)
- galaxies: star formation (4)
- garden-path effect (4)
- gaze-contingent displays (4)
- gender pay gap (4)
- gene regulatory networks (4)
- genealogy (4)
- genome-wide association (4)
- geodynamic modeling (4)
- geography (4)
- geomagnetic field (4)
- geomorphometry (4)
- geothermal (4)
- geothermal energy (4)
- glaciers (4)
- global jets (4)
- global positioning system (4)
- global sensitivity analysis (4)
- glomerular filtration rate (4)
- glucose oxidation (4)
- glucosinolates (4)
- glutathione (4)
- glycopolymers (4)
- good governance (4)
- graph transformation (4)
- graph transformation systems (4)
- graphs (4)
- ground-penetrating radar (4)
- group field theory (4)
- handgrip strength (4)
- handwriting (4)
- hantavirus (4)
- hazard (4)
- health care (4)
- healthcare (4)
- helical magnetic fields (4)
- hemispheric asymmetry (4)
- heterostyly (4)
- heterotrophic bacteria (4)
- high-intensity interval training (4)
- historiography (4)
- holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (4)
- hormones (4)
- housing (4)
- hybrid (4)
- hybrid perovskites (4)
- hydrological models (4)
- hypoxia (4)
- ill-posed problem (4)
- imitation (4)
- immigrants (4)
- immune system (4)
- immunology (4)
- implicit attitude (4)
- in vitro (4)
- in-service teacher training (4)
- individual (4)
- inertial measurement unit (4)
- inflammatory bowel disease (4)
- informatics (4)
- institutional reform (4)
- insulin signaling (4)
- interactional linguistics (4)
- interception (4)
- interference control (4)
- international (4)
- international bureaucracies (4)
- international organisations (4)
- international trade (4)
- internationale Beziehungen (4)
- internationaler Handel (4)
- intrinsic motivation (4)
- intrusion detection (4)
- inverse analysis (4)
- inverse problem (4)
- ionic conductivity (4)
- ionic strength (4)
- job satisfaction (4)
- joint Simon effect (4)
- joint action (4)
- karst (4)
- kernel methods (4)
- kidney (4)
- kidney transplantation (4)
- knickpoint (4)
- knowledge sharing (4)
- komplexe Systeme (4)
- körperliche Aktivität (4)
- lactate (4)
- land-use intensity (4)
- large-scale assessment (4)
- large-scale structure of Universe (4)
- laser pulses (4)
- left periphery (4)
- lexical development (4)
- lexicon (4)
- lichens (4)
- life satisfaction (4)
- lifetime income (4)
- light variability (4)
- line: identification (4)
- linear hypersubstitution (4)
- literacy acquisition (4)
- liver metabolism (4)
- loading rate (4)
- locomotion (4)
- locus coeruleus (4)
- long-distance dispersal (4)
- low-back-pain (4)
- lower critical solution temperature (4)
- lutein (4)
- lutherische Theologie (4)
- macrocycles (4)
- magmatic-hydrothermal systems (4)
- magnetostriction (4)
- magnetotellurics (4)
- mammals (4)
- manifold with singularities (4)
- masculinity (4)
- mass (4)
- mathematics education (4)
- mathematics instruction (4)
- meadow (4)
- measurement invariance (4)
- mechanical tendinous oscillations (4)
- media education (4)
- media use (4)
- memory effects (4)
- mesenchymal stem cells (4)
- mesoporous materials (4)
- metabolite (4)
- metadata (4)
- meteorological drought (4)
- methyl orange (4)
- methylene blue (4)
- methylmercury (4)
- micro-CT (4)
- microRNA (4)
- microbiome (4)
- microlensing (4)
- mid-temperature transition (4)
- mild cognitive impairment (4)
- mitochondrial DNA (4)
- mitosis (4)
- mixtures (4)
- mobile links (4)
- modality compatibility (4)
- model-driven engineering (4)
- modular production (4)
- molecular phylogeny (4)
- molecules (4)
- molybdoenzyme (4)
- monoclonal antibody (4)
- mood (4)
- morality (4)
- morphogenesis (4)
- motivational interviewing (4)
- mowing (4)
- multi-level system (4)
- multiple stressors (4)
- multivariate statistics (4)
- muscle oxygen saturation (4)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (4)
- music information retrieval (4)
- musikpädagogische Forschung (4)
- nachhaltige Chemie (4)
- nanolenses (4)
- nanotriangles (4)
- narratives (4)
- national identity (4)
- naturalism (4)
- nature conservation (4)
- neoliberalism (4)
- nested graph conditions (4)
- network reconstruction (4)
- neurodegenerative diseases (4)
- neuroenhancement (4)
- neuronal networks (4)
- neuroscience (4)
- neutrinos (4)
- neutron reflectometry (4)
- new technology (4)
- next generation sequencing (NGS) (4)
- nominalization (4)
- non-linear dynamics (4)
- non-native speakers (4)
- non-photorealistic rendering (4)
- nonlinear operator (4)
- noun (4)
- numerical (4)
- numerical model (4)
- numerische Kognition (4)
- ocean (4)
- ocean acidification (4)
- ocean color remote sensing (4)
- online discrimination (4)
- online learning (4)
- ontogeny (4)
- open data (4)
- open-circuit voltage (4)
- operating systems (4)
- optimal foraging (4)
- optimal transport (4)
- organ size (4)
- organic carbon (4)
- organische Chemie (4)
- organische Halbleiter (4)
- osmotic-pressure (4)
- osteoblast (4)
- other-race effect (4)
- outcomes (4)
- paleoaltimetry (4)
- paleoclimatology (4)
- paleogenomics (4)
- paleolimnology (4)
- parafoveal-on-foveal effect (4)
- part 1 (4)
- partial clone (4)
- partial least squares (4)
- particles (4)
- parties (4)
- pathway (4)
- patient education (4)
- peace (4)
- people (4)
- performance information (4)
- performance management (4)
- performance measurement (4)
- persulfide (4)
- phase dynamics (4)
- phase oscillators (4)
- phenols (4)
- phosphatidylserine (4)
- phospholipids (4)
- photoelectron (4)
- photofragmentation (4)
- photogrammetry (4)
- photoisomerization (4)
- photon density wave spectroscopy (4)
- photooxygenation (4)
- phototaxis (4)
- photovoltaic devices (4)
- physiological consequences (4)
- phytolith (4)
- picture-word interference (4)
- planetary rings (4)
- plant cell wall (4)
- plant development (4)
- plant growth (4)
- plant population and community dynamics (4)
- plasma-membrane (4)
- platelets (4)
- platform (4)
- playa (4)
- plume (4)
- pluvial flooding (4)
- pneumonia (4)
- point process (4)
- point-of-care (4)
- policy analysis (4)
- policy-making (4)
- political elites (4)
- political ideology (4)
- politische Eliten (4)
- poly(ethylene glycol) (4)
- polyadenylation (4)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (4)
- polysemy (4)
- polysulfobetaine (4)
- population structure (4)
- poröse Materialien (4)
- potato (4)
- power spectral analysis (4)
- practice (4)
- pragmaticalisation (4)
- pre-school (4)
- preactivation (4)
- precision agriculture (4)
- precuneus (4)
- precursor (4)
- preference assessment (4)
- primary care (4)
- principal component analysis (4)
- privatization (4)
- proactive aggression (4)
- proactivity (4)
- probabilistic timed systems (4)
- problem-solving (4)
- process (4)
- process analytical technology (4)
- properties (4)
- protein engineering (4)
- proteinuria (4)
- proteome (4)
- psychological distress (4)
- psychosocial moderators (4)
- psychotherapeutic competencies (4)
- pubertal timing (4)
- public policy (4)
- qualitative Analyse (4)
- quantum gravity (4)
- quorum sensing (4)
- random walk (4)
- random walks (4)
- ranking (4)
- rape myth acceptance (4)
- rate of perceived exertion (4)
- rationalism (4)
- reactive aggression (4)
- reading fluency (4)
- reading motivation (4)
- real-time (4)
- receptor (4)
- recollection (4)
- recombinant inbred line (4)
- recurrence (4)
- recurrence analysis (4)
- recurrence plot (4)
- recurrence quantification analysis (4)
- redox (4)
- redox state (4)
- reference (4)
- referential choice (4)
- refinement (4)
- reforms (4)
- regime shift (4)
- region (4)
- regularity (4)
- relatedness (4)
- religiosity (4)
- remagnetization (4)
- reproductive strategies (4)
- requirements (4)
- research design (4)
- research school (4)
- resistin (4)
- resocialization (4)
- revolution (4)
- reward anticipation (4)
- rifting (4)
- risk perceptions (4)
- risk reduction (4)
- river incision (4)
- robustness (4)
- rolling averages (4)
- rotifer (4)
- run time analysis (4)
- runners (4)
- rural areas (4)
- saliva (4)
- salivary alpha-amylase (4)
- salt (4)
- salt pan (4)
- sanctions (4)
- sarcopenia (4)
- scaffolding (4)
- scenario analysis (4)
- school adjustment (4)
- school children (4)
- school mathematics (4)
- sea level (4)
- secondary school (4)
- security policy (4)
- sedimentology (4)
- segmentation (4)
- self-control (4)
- self-determination theory (4)
- self-objectification (4)
- self-regulated learning (4)
- self-sovereign identity (4)
- selfing syndrome (4)
- semantic (4)
- semi-parliamentarism (4)
- semiconductors (4)
- sensorimotor training (4)
- separation of powers (4)
- sequence (4)
- sexual assault (4)
- sexual coercion (4)
- sexual selection (4)
- sexual violence (4)
- sexuality (4)
- sexualization (4)
- shape (4)
- shape memory (4)
- shrub encroachment (4)
- sick leave (4)
- signal propagation (4)
- similarity measures (4)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (4)
- single-case experimental design (4)
- skill (4)
- skin (4)
- slumming (4)
- small mammals (4)
- smartphone (4)
- social movements (4)
- social network analysis (4)
- social participation (4)
- social status (4)
- sociality (4)
- sociology (4)
- soil hydrology (4)
- soil texture (4)
- soils (4)
- solute transport (4)
- sorbische Identität (4)
- soziale Ungleichheit (4)
- space use (4)
- spatial (4)
- spatially explicit model (4)
- special educational needs (4)
- species distribution model (4)
- species distribution modelling (4)
- specific language impairment (4)
- specific root length (4)
- speech segmentation (4)
- sport (4)
- stakeholder participation (4)
- star product (4)
- stars: black holes (4)
- stars: low-mass (4)
- stars: oscillations (4)
- starspots (4)
- start-up subsidies (4)
- states (4)
- statins (4)
- stellar physics (4)
- stellar winds (4)
- sterols (4)
- stochastic process (4)
- storage (4)
- strain (4)
- strain localization (4)
- stress memory (4)
- stress recovery (4)
- stress response (4)
- stress tolerance (4)
- subdiffusion (4)
- subjective well-being (4)
- subsidence (4)
- substance use (4)
- sucrose responsiveness (4)
- summer monsoon (4)
- supercapacitors (4)
- supergene (4)
- supernova remnants (4)
- superoxide dismutase (4)
- supervisor support (4)
- survey experiment (4)
- sustainable chemistry (4)
- symbiosis (4)
- systems theory (4)
- talent (4)
- tandem solar cells (4)
- tasks (4)
- tax system (4)
- taxation (4)
- teacher beliefs (4)
- teacher learning (4)
- teaching material (4)
- team sports (4)
- technology acceptance (4)
- temperament (4)
- territorial reforms (4)
- test (4)
- text mining (4)
- theoretische Chemie (4)
- thermal (4)
- thermodynamische Stabilität (4)
- thermokarst lakes (4)
- thiouracil (4)
- tocopherols (4)
- tourmaline (4)
- township tourism (4)
- trade (4)
- transatlantic relations (4)
- transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (4)
- travel literature (4)
- treatment (4)
- trustworthiness (4)
- tuition fees (4)
- type-III effector (4)
- ultrafast x-ray diffraction (4)
- ungulate (4)
- value creation (4)
- vascular plants (4)
- vegetables (4)
- venom (4)
- verbs (4)
- vertical coupling (4)
- veterinary cordon fence (4)
- victim (4)
- virus infection (4)
- viscoelasticity (4)
- viscosity (4)
- visible-light (4)
- vocabulary (4)
- vocational education (4)
- voice (4)
- vowels (4)
- war (4)
- water fluxes (4)
- water security (4)
- water treatment (4)
- water-balance (4)
- water-soluble polymers (4)
- wave-particle interactions (4)
- wavelength (4)
- weak ergodicity breaking (4)
- weighted moving averages (4)
- welfare state (4)
- wettability (4)
- wetting (4)
- wh-movement (4)
- wildlife conservation (4)
- willingness to intervene (4)
- wind speed (4)
- wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz (4)
- wissenschaftliche Zeichnungen (4)
- working memory updating (4)
- yedoma (4)
- youth athletes (4)
- zebularine (4)
- zivil-militärische Beziehungen (4)
- Öffentliche Unternehmen (4)
- Öffentlicher Dienst (4)
- Übergewicht (4)
- Übersetzung (4)
- Überwachung (4)
- 'eta' invariant (3)
- 1845-1862 (3)
- 1970s (3)
- 2D (3)
- 2D perovskites (3)
- 2nd-language grammar (3)
- 3D Point Clouds (3)
- 3D city models (3)
- 3D geovisualization (3)
- 3D modeling (3)
- 4-nitrophenol (3)
- 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (3)
- A-bar-movement (3)
- ABCB7 (3)
- AGN (3)
- AHP (3)
- AUD (3)
- Abandonment (3)
- Abbau (3)
- Abolitionismus (3)
- Abscisic acid (3)
- Acacia mellifera (3)
- Acer pseudoplatanus (3)
- Achilles and patellar tendon (3)
- Acid sphingomyelinase (3)
- Acidification (3)
- Acquisition (3)
- Action processing (3)
- Acute coronary syndrome (3)
- Adam Smith (3)
- Adaptivität (3)
- Additive manufacturing (3)
- Adult education (3)
- Adverbial Quantification (3)
- Aerosole (3)
- AfD (3)
- Affective Computing (3)
- Affekt (3)
- African indigenous vegetables (3)
- Age (3)
- Agile (3)
- Agilität (3)
- Agrammatic aphasia (3)
- Agrarwissenschaft (3)
- Agricultural landscape (3)
- Agricultural soils (3)
- Aktivität (3)
- Alborz (3)
- Aldehyde oxidase (3)
- Aldehyde oxidoreductase (3)
- Aleatory variability (3)
- Alkylpyridinium salts (3)
- Allgemeiner Teil (3)
- Alltag (3)
- Alpen (3)
- Alpine Fault (3)
- Alte Geschichte (3)
- Aluminum alloys (3)
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- Amplicon sequencing (3)
- Analytics (3)
- Ancient forest (3)
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- Anomalous diffusion (3)
- Anorexia nervosa (3)
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- Anti-Humanismus (3)
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- Antibiotic resistance (3)
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- Apartheid (3)
- Aphis fabae (3)
- App (3)
- Approximate Bayesian Computation (3)
- Arabica coffee beans (3)
- Arabischer Frühling (3)
- Arbeitsverhalten (3)
- Archimedes (3)
- Architektur (3)
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- Arctic haze (3)
- Arctic tundra (3)
- Array Seismology (3)
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- Atiyah-Bott condition (3)
- Atiyah-Bott obstruction (3)
- Atlantic-Ocean (3)
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- Aufsichtsrat (3)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (3)
- Augmented Reality (3)
- August 2002 flood (3)
- Ausdehnungslehre (3)
- Auslandseinsätze (3)
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- Auxin transport (3)
- Avantgarde (3)
- Azobenzen (3)
- Azobenzene containing cationic surfactants (3)
- BEEHAVE (3)
- BIAT (3)
- BIM (3)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421 (3)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 2155-304 (3)
- Bacteriophage (3)
- Banken (3)
- Barents Sea (3)
- Barrierefreiheit (3)
- Base pairing (3)
- Baseline shift (3)
- Bayesian inverse problems (3)
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- Blended Learning (3)
- Blickbewegungsmessung (3)
- Blockchains (3)
- Body mass index (3)
- Bolboschoenus maritimus (3)
- Bombyx mori silk (3)
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- Botulinum neurotoxin (3)
- Brachionus (3)
- Brandenburger Antike-Denkwerk (3)
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- C-C coupling (3)
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- Tupaia (3)
- Two forms of isometric muscle action (3)
- Type 1 diabetes (3)
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- [4+2] cycloaddition (3)
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- aboveground biomass (3)
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- adulthood (3)
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- age differences (3)
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- aggressive peers (3)
- aging brain (3)
- aid effectiveness (3)
- air-water interface (3)
- albuminuria (3)
- allocation policies (3)
- alteration geochemistry (3)
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- analytics (3)
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- athlete (3)
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- attraction (3)
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- autism (3)
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- comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (3)
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- deduplication (3)
- deep convection (3)
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- defense against predation (3)
- degraded DNA (3)
- dehydration (3)
- delta-D values (3)
- democratisation (3)
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- dendroclimatology (3)
- denitrification (3)
- density functional theory (3)
- denudation (3)
- dependency (3)
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- differential gene expression (3)
- diffraction (3)
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- eco-evolutionary feedbacks (3)
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- effects (3)
- ego depletion (3)
- elastic properties (3)
- elastomers (3)
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- electoral systems (3)
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- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (3)
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- electrolytes (3)
- electromagnetic radiation (3)
- electron dynamics (3)
- electrophysiological evidence (3)
- elemental composition (3)
- elevated plus-maze (3)
- embedded systems (3)
- emergency management (3)
- emerging adults (3)
- emotion regulation (3)
- emotional exhaustion (3)
- emotional valence (3)
- employment services (3)
- encoding (3)
- end-stage kidney disease (3)
- endothelial cells (3)
- endothelin (3)
- endothelin-converting enzyme (3)
- endozoochory (3)
- energy budget (3)
- energy transfer (3)
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- enjoyment (3)
- ensemble prediction (3)
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- envy (3)
- enzyme immobilization (3)
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- ephrin (3)
- episodic memory (3)
- epistemic modality (3)
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- equalizing and stabilizing mechanisms (3)
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- erythropoiesis (3)
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- establishment (3)
- estimation (3)
- eta invariant (3)
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- evaporation (3)
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- eventology (3)
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- evolution equation (3)
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- extraction and characterization methods (3)
- extremes (3)
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- fMRT (3)
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- facial feedback (3)
- factor analysis (3)
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- failure (3)
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- fermentation (3)
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- filter (3)
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- fixation locations (3)
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- floodplains (3)
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- flowering (3)
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- foam (3)
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- food security (3)
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- formal languages (3)
- formale Verifikation (3)
- formate dehydrogenase (3)
- formation damage (3)
- framework (3)
- frameworks (3)
- freedom restriction (3)
- fricative (3)
- functional (3)
- functional capacity (3)
- functional dependencies (3)
- functional dependency (3)
- functional near-infrared spectroscopy (3)
- fungal diversity (3)
- fuzzy logic (3)
- gait analysis (3)
- galaxies: individual: LMC (3)
- galaxies: magnetic fields (3)
- galaxy structure (3)
- gallbladder cancer (3)
- games (3)
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- garnet (3)
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- gels (3)
- gender equality (3)
- gender gap (3)
- gender inequality (3)
- gender wage gap (3)
- gene duplication (3)
- gene family (3)
- gene regulatory network (3)
- general (3)
- generalizability (3)
- generalization (3)
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- genome assembly (3)
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- glass (3)
- global environmental change (3)
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- globalisation (3)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 6397 (3)
- glucan (3)
- glucocorticoid receptor (3)
- glycaemic control (3)
- glycogen (3)
- glycosylation (3)
- goal frames (3)
- goblet cells (3)
- grade-skipping (3)
- gradient boosting (3)
- gradient flow (3)
- grain-size distribution (3)
- grammatical illusion (3)
- granite (3)
- granitoids (3)
- graph (3)
- graph constraints (3)
- graphite (3)
- graphomotor control (3)
- grassland (3)
- grasslands (3)
- green (3)
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- green-green dilemma (3)
- grief (3)
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- grouping (3)
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- habit formation (3)
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- habitus (3)
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- heavy rainfall (3)
- hemoglobin (3)
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- hermeneutics (3)
- heterogene Katalyse (3)
- heterogene Photokatalyse (3)
- heterogeneous photocatalysis (3)
- hierarchical clustering (3)
- high temperature (3)
- high-pressure (3)
- high-resolution record (3)
- high-sodium (3)
- hillslopes (3)
- hip (3)
- historical DNA (3)
- holography (3)
- honey bees (3)
- hospital (3)
- hospitalization (3)
- hostile attribution bias (3)
- hoverflies (3)
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- human expressivity (3)
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- humanism (3)
- hybrid model (3)
- hybrid state (3)
- hybridoma (3)
- hydraulic fracturing (3)
- hydrogen bonds (3)
- hydrogenation (3)
- hydrogeology (3)
- hydrological processes (3)
- hyperbolic tilings (3)
- hypersound (3)
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- hypothesis (3)
- iCheck (3)
- ice (3)
- ice sheet (3)
- image (3)
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- imidazolium (3)
- impact assessment (3)
- impairment (3)
- impedance spectroscopy (3)
- implicit association test (IAT) (3)
- implicit learning (3)
- implizit (3)
- in silico (3)
- inbreeding depression (3)
- incentives (3)
- incision (3)
- income distribution (3)
- incremental graph pattern matching (3)
- index of elliptic operators in subspaces (3)
- indigene Völker (3)
- indirect facilitation (3)
- indirect tests (3)
- individual anaerobic threshold (3)
- individuelle Unterschiede (3)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (3)
- infant (3)
- inferences (3)
- infiltration (3)
- inflectional morphology (3)
- information and communication technologies (3)
- information integration (3)
- information technology (3)
- infrared: diffuse background (3)
- injection (3)
- injury prevention (3)
- inner magnetosphere (3)
- inorganic chemistry (3)
- input frequency (3)
- institutional interplay (3)
- instruction (3)
- instrumental variables (3)
- instrumentation (3)
- integrated personal income tax (3)
- intensification (3)
- intentional forgetting (3)
- interface engineering (3)
- interfacial recombination (3)
- interferometry (3)
- intergalaktisches Medium (3)
- interindividual differences (3)
- interleukin-8 (3)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (3)
- intermolecular interactions (3)
- internalization (3)
- international comparison (3)
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- intervention locality (3)
- intervention study (3)
- interview study (3)
- intonation (3)
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- intracellular-transport (3)
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- intrinsically disordered proteins (3)
- intuition (3)
- invasion (3)
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- inverse micelles (3)
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- ionogel (3)
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- iterative regularization (3)
- job creation (3)
- job demands-resources model (3)
- job search (3)
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- just transition (3)
- kana (3)
- kanji (3)
- keratinocytes (3)
- kernel density estimation (3)
- kettle hole (3)
- kinetic instabilities (3)
- kognitive Modellierung (3)
- kollektives Gedächtnis (3)
- komplexes Netzwerk (3)
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- l-cysteine desulfurase (3)
- labeling (3)
- labor supply (3)
- lactate threshold (3)
- lake monitoring (3)
- land cover change (3)
- land management (3)
- land-use (3)
- landing positions (3)
- landscape diversity (3)
- landscape homogenization (3)
- langevin equation (3)
- language attitudes (3)
- language courses (3)
- language proficiency (3)
- languages (3)
- larch (3)
- large-scale (3)
- last glacial period (3)
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- late childhood (3)
- latent transition analysis (3)
- latitude (3)
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- leaking (3)
- learning and memory (3)
- learning factories (3)
- learning factory (3)
- learning styles (3)
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- legal history (3)
- legitimacy (3)
- legumes (3)
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- lexical tone (3)
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- liberalism (3)
- life course (3)
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- lifetime (3)
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- limits (3)
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- linear mixed model (3)
- linear programming (3)
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- linke Peripherie (3)
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- lipid (3)
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- literary criticism (3)
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- load (3)
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- lower (3)
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- maintenance of functional diversity (3)
- major depression (3)
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- marine (3)
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- matching (3)
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- mediation (3)
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- meteorology (3)
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- method (3)
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- micelle (3)
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- microemulsion (3)
- microgel (3)
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- microwave irradiation (3)
- migrants (3)
- military culture (3)
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- mindfulness (3)
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- minimal pairs (3)
- minimax convergence rates (3)
- mining lakes (3)
- minorities (3)
- missing-VP effect (3)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (3)
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- mitogenome (3)
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- mittlere Kindheit (3)
- modal verbs (3)
- model coupling (3)
- model transformation (3)
- model uncertainty (3)
- model validation (3)
- modellgetriebene Entwicklung (3)
- modularity (3)
- molecular doping (3)
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- molecular motor (3)
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- monetary incentive delay task (3)
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- monolayer (3)
- monomer (3)
- monomers (3)
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- morphological decomposition (3)
- morphological priming (3)
- morphological structure (3)
- morphometrics (3)
- morphosyntax (3)
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- multifunctional polymers (3)
- multilevel modelling (3)
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- need satisfaction (3)
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- oligomerization (3)
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- online course (3)
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- open (3)
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- pasture (3)
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- plausibility (3)
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- politische Bildung (3)
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- politische Philosophie (3)
- politische Ökonomie (3)
- poly(A) polymerase (3)
- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (3)
- poly(ether imide) (3)
- polyesters (3)
- polyglycerol (3)
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- positioning (3)
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- precaution (3)
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- prediction models (3)
- preference (3)
- prefixes (3)
- preprocessing (3)
- preschool (3)
- pressures (3)
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- price of anarchy (3)
- primary metabolism (3)
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- principal (3)
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- probes (3)
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- prospective (3)
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- proteomic analysis (3)
- proteostasis (3)
- protonation (3)
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- provenance (3)
- prozessorientierte Didaktik (3)
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- pseudo-differential operators (3)
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- psychopathology (3)
- psychophysiology (3)
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- publication bias (3)
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- pump-probe (3)
- punishment (3)
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- regression tree (3)
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- relative clause (3)
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- relaxation (3)
- relevance (3)
- remission (3)
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- replacement (3)
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- research (3)
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- reservoir (3)
- residue (3)
- resocialisation (3)
- resolution (3)
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- resurrection plants (3)
- reveals (3)
- reward (3)
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- rhizosphere (3)
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- ring current (3)
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- risk management cycle (3)
- river (3)
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- robbery (3)
- rock (3)
- rodent (3)
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- rule of law (3)
- rules (3)
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- rupture (3)
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- scalability (3)
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- school development (3)
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- schwarze Löcher (3)
- science mapping (3)
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- seawater (3)
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- secondary metabolites (3)
- secondary prevention (3)
- sedentary (3)
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- sedimentation (3)
- sediments (3)
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- seeds (3)
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- selective autophagy (3)
- selenoprotein P (3)
- self threat (3)
- self-assembled monolayer (3)
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- self-organisation (3)
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- semantic priming (3)
- sensor data (3)
- sensorimotor control (3)
- sentence parsing (3)
- separation (3)
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- serum (3)
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- sexual self-esteem (3)
- shadow education (3)
- shallow structure hypothesis (3)
- shape-memory polymer (3)
- shoot apical meristem (3)
- short-read mapping (3)
- sibilant (3)
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- sign language (3)
- signalling (3)
- silver (3)
- similarity (3)
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- simulation model (3)
- simultaneous bilingualism (3)
- sin (3)
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- socialism (3)
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- solubility (3)
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- sovereignty (3)
- soziale Bewegung (3)
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- spatial statistics (3)
- spatial turn (3)
- spatially explicit (3)
- speaking children (3)
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- starch synthase (3)
- stars: (3)
- stars: coronae (3)
- stars: individual (WR 6) (3)
- stars: pre-main sequence (3)
- statistical (3)
- statistical methods (3)
- statistical models (3)
- statistische Modelle (3)
- status quo and reform model (3)
- stellar populations (3)
- stereoselectivity (3)
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- stochastic processes (theory) (3)
- stochastic resonance (3)
- stochastic thermodynamics (3)
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- stoichiometry (3)
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- stopover (3)
- strategic management (3)
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- strategies (3)
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- student achievement (3)
- study (3)
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- stumbling (3)
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- submarine (3)
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- succession (3)
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- summer (3)
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- supervised machine learning (3)
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- syllables (3)
- synchronization transition (3)
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- system analysis (3)
- systematics (3)
- tablet (3)
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- tandem reaction (3)
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- task (3)
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- tele-TASK (3)
- teleconnections (3)
- telerehabilitation (3)
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- testing (3)
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- thermobarometry (3)
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- theta (3)
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- thrombogenicity (3)
- time averaging (3)
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- timing (3)
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- total knee replacement (3)
- trace (3)
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- trait emotional intelligence (3)
- trait variation (3)
- trajectory data (3)
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- tropics (3)
- trunk muscle strength (3)
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- tunnel vision (3)
- twentieth century (3)
- type 2 (3)
- type specimens (3)
- ubiquitination (3)
- ultrafast X-ray diffraction (3)
- ultrafast molecular dynamics (3)
- ultraschnell (3)
- ultraviolet: galaxies (3)
- uncanny valley (3)
- unipolar affective disorders (3)
- universal quantifiers (3)
- university teaching (3)
- untargeted metabolomics (3)
- upper mantle (3)
- use (3)
- user interaction (3)
- user types (3)
- user-generated content (3)
- values (3)
- variance (3)
- varved lake sediments (3)
- varves (3)
- vascular calcification (3)
- vascularization (3)
- vegetation dynamics (3)
- verb movement (3)
- violence in schools (3)
- virtualization (3)
- virtuelle Maschinen (3)
- virulence (3)
- visibility (3)
- visionary leadership (3)
- visual context (3)
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On 21 April 2021, the European Commission presented its long-awaited proposal for a Regulation “laying down harmonized rules on Artificial Intelligence”, the so-called “Artificial Intelligence Act” (AIA). This article takes a critical look at the proposed regulation. After an introduction (1), the paper analyzes the unclear preemptive effect of the AIA and EU competences (2), the scope of application (3), the prohibited uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (4), the provisions on high-risk AI systems (5), the obligations of providers and users (6), the requirements for AI systems with limited risks (7), the enforcement system (8), the relationship of the AIA with the existing legal framework (9), and the regulatory gaps (10). The last section draws some final conclusions (11).
Mit dem Klima wandelt sich auch notwendig die offene Gesellschaft. Und mit ihr wandelt sich wiederum auch die Verfassung(-sinterpretation). Periodisch wiederkehrende Gesundheits- und Sicherheitskrisen fordern eine dynamische Reaktion des Grundgesetzes auf mit ihnen einhergehende Probleme. In andauernden Krisen wie der Umweltkrise muss die Verfassung gleichzeitig in vielerlei Hinsicht nachhaltig sein. Dabei muss das, was wir unter Freiheit, Klima‑, Umwelt- oder Tierschutz verstehen, immer im Wandel bleiben.
Jurisdiction
(2022)
Keine Reform für die Zukunft
(2021)
Am 1. Januar 2021 trat die jüngste Reform des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) in Kraft. Sie führte mit der finanziellen Beteiligung der Gemeinden an den Erträgen der Windenergie klammheimlich eine verfassungswidrige Abgabe ein: Durch das Zusammenspiel des neuen § 36k EEG 2021 mit der altbekannten EEG-Umlage fließt eine bei den Strom-Endverbrauchern erhobene Abgabe in die kommunalen Haushalte. Das kann auf keine Gesetzgebungskompetenz gestützt werden. Darüber hinaus führt die Deckelung der EEG-Umlage in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 in Verbindung mit § 36k EEG 2021 dazu, dass in verfassungswidriger Weise Bundesmittel den Gemeinden zur freien Verfügung gestellt werden.
Strength of weakness
(2020)
The paper investigates quality management in teaching and learning in higher education institutions from a principal-agent perspective. Based on data gained from semi-structured interviews and from a nation-wide survey with quality managers of German higher education institutions, the study shows how quality managers position themselves in relation to their perception of the interests of other actors in higher education institutions. The paper describes the various interests and discusses the main implications of this constellation of actors. It argues that quality managers, although they may be considered as rather weak actors within the higher education institution, may be characterised as having a strength of weakness due to diverging interests of their principals.
Strategic social media use positively influences organizational goals such as the long-term accrual of social capital, and thus social media information governance has become an increasingly important organizational objective. It is particularly important for humanitarian nongovernmental organizations (HNGOs), whose work relies on accurate and timely information regarding socially altruistic behavior (donations, volunteerism, etc.). Despite the potential of social media for increasing social capital, tensions in governing social media information across an organization's different operational levels (regional, intermediate, and national) pose a difficult challenge. Prominent governance frameworks offer little guidance, as their focus on control and incremental policymaking is largely incompatible with the processes, roles, standards, and metrics needed for managing self-governing social media. This study offers a notion of dynamic and co-evolutionary process management of multi-level organizations as a means of conceptualizing social media information governance for the accrual of organizational social capital. Based on interviews with members of HNGOs, this study reveals tensions that emerge within eight focus areas of accruing social capital in multi-level organizations, explains how dynamic process management can ease those tensions, and proposes corresponding strategy recommendations.
Electrochemical methods offer great promise in meeting the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for monitoring important parameters. The food industry often runs own lab procedures, for example, for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with smart technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straightforward approach for the miniaturization of the detection step, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry it was found that the TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. A stable electrode response to TMB could be achieved at pH 1 on gold electrodes. We created a smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A in real samples, providing a solid basis for sensing of further analytes.
With the latest technological developments and associated new possibilities in teaching, the personalisation of learning is gaining more and more importance. It assumes that individual learning experiences and results could generally be improved when personal learning preferences are considered. To do justice to the complexity of the personalisation possibilities of teaching and learning processes, we illustrate the components of learning and teaching in the digital environment and their interdependencies in an initial model. Furthermore, in a pre-study, we investigate the relationships between the learner's ability to (digital) self-organise, the learner’s prior- knowledge learning in different variants of mode and learning outcomes as one part of this model. With this pre-study, we are taking the first step towards a holistic model of teaching and learning in digital environments.
Solar filaments often erupt partially. Although how they split remains elusive, the splitting process has the potential of revealing the filament structure and eruption mechanism. Here we investigate the pre-eruption splitting of an apparently single filament and its subsequent partial eruption on 2012 September 27. The evolution is characterized by three stages with distinct dynamics. During the quasi-static stage, the splitting proceeds gradually for about 1.5 hr, with the upper branch rising at a few kilometers per second and displaying swirling motions about its axis. During the precursor stage that lasts for about 10 minutes, the upper branch rises at tens of kilometers per second, with a pair of conjugated dimming regions starting to develop at its footpoints; with the swirling motions turning chaotic, the axis of the upper branch whips southward, which drives an arc-shaped extreme-ultraviolet front propagating in a similar direction. During the eruption stage, the upper branch erupts with the onset of a C3.7-class two-ribbon flare, while the lower branch remains stable. Judging from the well-separated footpoints of the upper branch from those of the lower one, we suggest that the pre-eruption filament processes a double-decker structure composed of two distinct flux bundles, whose formation is associated with gradual magnetic flux cancellations and converging photospheric flows around the polarity inversion line.
Glaubensfragen
(2021)
Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Phasen von siebzig Jahren christlich-jüdischer Dialog und blickt in die Zukunft. Akzeptieren Christen die Konsequenzen, die aus der Immanenz des Judentums in ihrer Religion folgen? Vor allem in zentralen Handlungsfeldern der systematischen Theologie bleibt viel Raum für Entwicklung, allen voran der Christologie.
Although distally steepened carbonate ramps have been studied by numerous researchers, the processes that control the development of these carbonate systems, including tectonics, differential carbonate production along the ramp profile, or antecedent physiography of the slopes, are an ongoing discussion. We use a stratigraphic forward model to test different hypotheses to unravel controls over distally steepened ramp development, referenced to the well-known Upper Miocene Menorca carbonate ramp (Spain). Sensitivity tests show that distally steepened ramps develop under complex interaction among accommodation, carbonate production and sediment transport parameters. Ramp slope initiation is favoured by still stands and falls of sea-level, in a setting with high-frequency sea-level fluctuations with amplitude between 20 m and 40 m. Low-frequency and higher amplitude sea-level fluctuations of about 115 m tend to form models with no significant slope development. The impact of antecedent slope on the geometry of ramps is determined by the paleoslope inclination, with flat to subhorizontal paleosurfaces resulting in ramps that mirror the antecedent slope. In contrast, steeper paleosurfaces tend to result in ramps with well-defined slopes. Our models, therefore, show that the ramp profile becomes more influenced by the depth constraints on the carbonate sediment producers than by the geometry of the underlying topography as the inclination of the paleosurface increases. The presented models also show that seagrass-dominated shallow carbonate production tends to result in steep slopes due to the low-transport characteristic imposed by seagrass trapping. This steepness can, however, be altered by the introduction of high transport sediment grains from deeper carbonate producers, which fill the slopes and more distal sections of the ramp profile.
Non-local muscle fatigue effects on muscle strength, power, and endurance in healthy individuals
(2021)
Background
The fatigue of a muscle or muscle group can produce global responses to a variety of systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, and others). There are also reported strength and endurance impairments of non-exercised muscles following the fatigue of another muscle; however, the literature is inconsistent.
Objective
To examine whether non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) occurs following the performance of a fatiguing bout of exercise of a different muscle(s).
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Search and Inclusion
A systematic literature search using a Boolean search strategy was conducted with PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in April 2020, and was supplemented with additional 'snowballing' searches up to September 2020. To be included in our analysis, studies had to include at least one intentional performance measure (i.e., strength, endurance, or power), which if reduced could be considered evidence of muscle fatigue, and also had to include the implementation of a fatiguing protocol to a location (i.e., limb or limbs) that differed to those for which performance was measured. We excluded studies that measured only mechanistic variables such as electromyographic activity, or spinal/supraspinal excitability. After search and screening, 52 studies were eligible for inclusion including 57 groups of participants (median sample = 11) and a total of 303 participants.
Results
The main multilevel meta-analysis model including all effects sizes (278 across 50 clusters [median = 4, range = 1 to 18 effects per cluster) revealed a trivial point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate [- 0.02 (95% CIs = - 0.14 to 0.09)], yet with substantial heterogeneity (Q((277)) = 642.3, p < 0.01), I-2 = 67.4%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that NLMF effects were not moderated by study design (between vs. within-participant), homologous vs. heterologous effects, upper or lower body effects, participant training status, sex, age, the time of post-fatigue protocol measurement, or the severity of the fatigue protocol. However, there did appear to be an effect of type of outcome measure where both strength [0.11 (95% CIs = 0.01-0.21)] and power outcomes had trivial effects [- 0.01 (95% CIs = - 0.24 to 0.22)], whereas endurance outcomes showed moderate albeit imprecise effects [- 0.54 (95% CIs = - 0.95 to - 0.14)].
Conclusions
Overall, the findings do not support the existence of a general NLMF effect; however, when examining specific types of performance outcomes, there may be an effect specifically upon endurance-based outcomes (i.e., time to task failure). However, there are relatively fewer studies that have examined endurance effects or mechanisms explaining this possible effect, in addition to fewer studies including women or younger and older participants, and considering causal effects of prior training history through the use of longitudinal intervention study designs. Thus, it seems pertinent that future research on NLMF effects should be redirected towards these still relatively unexplored areas.
Involvement in sport and exercise not only provides participants with health benefits but can be an important aspect of living a meaningful life. The COVID-19 pandemic and the temporary cessation of public life in March/April/May 2020 came with restrictions, which probably also made it difficult, if not impossible, to participate in certain types of sport or exercise. Following the philosophical position that different types of sport and exercise offer different ways of "relating to the world," this study explored (dis)continuity in the type of sport and exercise people practiced during the pandemic-related lockdown, and possible effects on mood. Data from a survey of 601 adult exercisers, collected shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak in Finland, were analyzed. Approximately one third (35%) of the participants changed their "worldmaking" and shifted to "I-Nature"-type activities. We observed worse mood during the pandemic in those who shifted from "I-Me," compared to those who had preferred the "I-Nature" relation already before the pandemic and thus experienced continuity. The clouded mood of those experiencing discontinuity may be the result of a temporary loss of "feeling at home" in their new exercise life-world. However, further empirical investigation must follow, because the observed effect sizes were small.
Mining of metabolite-protein interaction networks facilitates the identification of design principles underlying the regulation of different cellular processes. However, identification and characterization of the regulatory role that metabolites play in interactions with proteins on a genome-scale level remains a pressing task. Based on availability of high-quality metabolite-protein interaction networks and genome-scale metabolic networks, here we propose a supervised machine learning approach, called CIRI that determines whether or not a metabolite is involved in a competitive inhibitory regulatory interaction with an enzyme. First, we show that CIRI outperforms the naive approach based on a structural similarity threshold for a putative competitive inhibitor and the substrates of a metabolic reaction. We also validate the performance of CIRI on several unseen data sets and databases of metabolite-protein interactions not used in the training, and demonstrate that the classifier can be effectively used to predict competitive inhibitory interactions. Finally, we show that CIRI can be employed to refine predictions about metabolite-protein interactions from a recently proposed PROMIS approach that employs metabolomics and proteomics profiles from size exclusion chromatography in E. coli to predict metaboliteprotein interactions. Altogether, CIRI fills a gap in cataloguing metabolite-protein interactions and can be used in directing future machine learning efforts to categorize the regulatory type of these interactions.
We have directly resolved in the present work the interfacial composition during and after the interactions of a saturated atmosphere of oil vapor with soluble surfactant solutions at a planar water/air interface for the first time. Experiments were conducted on interactions of hexane vapor with solutions of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides and sodium dodecyl sulfate to observe the balance between cooperativity and competition of the components at the interface.
In all cases, hexane adsorption was strongly enhanced by the presence of the surfactant, even at bulk surfactant concentrations four orders of magnitude below the critical micelle concentration. Cooperativity of the surfactant adsorption was observed only for sodium dodecyl sulfate at intermediate bulk concentrations, yet for all four systems, competition set in at higher concentrations, as hexane adsorption reduced the surfactant surface excess. The data fully supported the complete removal of hexane from the interface following venting of the system to remove the saturated atmosphere of oil vapor.
These results help to identify future experiments that would elaborate and could explain the cooperativity of surfactant adsorption, such as on cationic surfactants with short alkyl chains and a broader series of anionic surfactants. This work holds relevance for oil recovery applications with foam, where there is a gas phase saturated with oil vapor.
Phonologie, die Lehre von der lautlichen Organisation der Sprache, ist einer der zentralen Bereiche der Sprachwissenschaft. Auch das Schriftsystem, das Gegenstand der Graphematik ist, gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung für Forschung und Lehre. Dieser Band informiert über Form und Funktion der wichtigsten Einheiten des gesprochenen und geschriebenen Deutschen, von den Lauten und Buchstaben über Sprech- und Schreibsilben bis hin zu phonologischen und graphematischen Wörtern, phonologischen Äußerungen und graphematischen Sätzen. In zweifarbiger Gestaltung mit Definitionen, Beispielen, Grafiken und Aufgaben. – Die 2. Auflage wurde durchgängig aktualisiert und erweitert.
The human language processing mechanism assigns a structure to the incoming materials as they unfold. There is evidence that the parser prefers some attachment types over others; however, theories of sentence processing are still in dispute over the stage at which each source of information contributes to the parsing system. The present study aims to identify the nature of initial parsing decisions during sentence processing through manipulating attachment type and verbs' argument structure. To this end, we designed a self-paced reading task using globally ambiguous constructions in Dutch. The structures included double locative prepositional phrases (PPs) where the first PP could attach both to the verb (high attachment) and the noun preceding it (low attachment). To disambiguate the structures, we presented a visual context in the form of short animation clips prior to each reading task. Furthermore, we manipulated the argument structure of the sentences using 2- and 3-argument verbs. The results showed that parsing decisions were influenced by contextual cues depending on the argument structure of the verb. That is, the visual context overcame the preference for high attachment only in the case of 2-argument verbs, while this preference persisted in structures including 3-argument verbs as represented by longer reading times for the low attachment interpretations. These findings can be taken as evidence that our language processing system actively integrates information from linguistic and non-linguistic sources from the initial stages of analysis to build up meaning. We discuss our findings in light of serial and parallel models of sentence processing.
Recent studies indicated severe decline of insect diversity and abundance across major parts of Central Europe.
Theoretical studies showed that the drivers behind biodiversity loss vary considerably over time. However, these scenarios so far have been insufficiently approved by long-term and large-scale data.
In this study we analysed the temporal trends of butterflies and Zygaenid moths across the federal state of Salzburg, northern Austria, from 1920 to 2019. Our study area covers a large variety of habitats and altitudes.
Various changes of land use and intensification occurred during and shortly before our studied period, with a first wave of habitat destruction starting in the late 19th century, followed by the deterioration of habitat quality since the mid-20th century. We used 59,870 presence-only data of 168 butterfly and burnet moth species.
Each of these species was classified according to ecological characteristics. Break point analyses for non-linear temporal trends in the community composition returned two major time windows.
These time windows coincide with periods characterized by severe habitat destruction and the deterioration of habitat quality due to agricultural intensification. We found significant reductions of the proportion of species requiring specific habitats since 1920 and until today.
We identified additional break points for species requiring high habitat qualities, endangered butterfly species, and sedentary species, particularly after a main break point in the 1960s.
Our findings underline that, apart from habitat destruction, the deterioration of habitat quality is a main driver of biodiversity loss in general.
Therefore, nature conservation should focus on maintaining the highest possible habitat quality.
Nudix hydrolase NUDT19 regulates mitochondrial function and ATP production in murine hepatocytes
(2022)
Changes in intracellular CoA levels are known to contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human and rodents. However, the underlying genetic basis is still poorly understood.
Due to their diverse susceptibility towards metabolic diseases, mouse inbred strains have been proven to serve as powerful tools for the identification of novel genetic factors that underlie the patho-physiology of NAFLD and diabetes. Transcriptome analysis of mouse liver samples revealed the nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X-type motif Nudt19 as novel candidate gene responsible for NAFLD and T2D development. Knockdown (KD) of Nudt19 increased mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production rates in Hepa 1-6 cells by 41% and 10%, respectively.
The enforced utilization of glutamine or fatty acids as energy substrate reduced uncoupled respiration by 41% and 47%, respectively, in non-target (NT) siRNA transfected cells.
This reduction was prevented upon Nudt19 KD. Furthermore, incubation with palmitate or oleate respectively increased mitochondrial ATP production by 31% and 20%, and uncoupled respiration by 23% and 30% in Nudt19 KD cells, but not in NT cells.
The enhanced fatty acid oxidation in Nudt19 KD cells was accompanied by a 1.3-fold increased abundance of Pdk4.
This study is the first to describe Nudt19 as regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and potential mediator of NAFLD and T2D development.
Due to the great potential of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as local vibrational probe of lipid-nanostructure interaction in lipid bilayers, it is important to characterize these interactions in detail.
The interpretation of SERS data of lipids in living cells requires an understanding of how the molecules interact with gold nanostructures and how intermolecular interactions influence the proximity and contact between lipids and nanoparticles.
Ceramide, a sphingolipid that acts as important structural component and regulator of biological function, therefore of interest to probing, lacks a phosphocholine head group that is common to many lipids used in liposome models.
SERS spectra of liposomes of a mixture of ceramide, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylcholine, as well as of pure ceramide and of the phospholipid mixture are reported.
Distinct groups of SERS spectra represent varied contributions of the choline, sphingosine, and phosphate head groups and the structures of the acyl chains. Spectral bands related to the state of order of the membrane and moreover to the amide function of the sphingosine head groups indicate that the gold nanoparticles interact with molecules involved in different intermolecular relations.
While cryogenic electron microscopy shows the formation of bilayer liposomes in all preparations, pure ceramide was found to also form supramolecular, concentric stacked and densely packed lamellar, nonliposomal structures. That the formation of such supramolecular assemblies supports the intermolecular interactions of ceramide is indicated by the SERS data.
The unique spectral features that are assigned to the ceramide-containing lipid model systems here enable an identification of these molecules in biological systems and allow us to obtain information on their structure and interaction by SERS.
Describing the heterogeneous structure of forests is often challenging.
One possibility is to analyze forest biomass in different plots and to derive plot-based frequency distributions.
However, these frequency distributions depend on the plot size and thus are scale dependent.
This study provides insights about transferring them between scales. Understanding the effects of scale on distributions of biomass is particularly important for comparing information from different sources such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling, all of which can operate at different spatial resolutions. Reliable methods to compare results of vegetation models at a grid scale with field data collected at smaller scales are still missing.
The scaling of biomass and variables, which determine the forest biomass, was investigated for a tropical forest in Panama. Based on field inventory data from Barro Colorado Island, spanning 50 ha over 30 years, the distributions of aboveground biomass, biomass gain and mortality were derived at different spatial resolutions, ranging from 10 to 100 m. Methods for fitting parametric distribution functions were compared.
Further, it was tested under which assumptions about the distributions a simple stochastic simulation forest model could best reproduce observed biomass distributions at all scales. Also, an analytical forest model for calculating biomass distributions at equilibrium and assuming mortality as a white shot noise process was tested.
Scaling exponents of about 0.47 were found for the standard deviations of the biomass and gain distributions, while mortality showed a different scaling relationship with an exponent of 0.3. Lognormal and gamma distribution functions fitted with the moment matching estimation method allowed for consistent parameter transfers between scales. Both forest models (stochastic simulation and analytical solution) were able to reproduce observed biomass distributions across scales, when combined with the derived scaling relationships.
The study demonstrates a way of how to approach the scaling problem in model-data comparisons by providing a transfer relationship. Further research is needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms that shape the frequency distributions at the different scales.
Clusty is a new open source toolbox dedicated to earthquake clustering based on waveforms recorded across a network of seismic stations. Its main application is the study of active faults and the detection and characterization of faults and fault networks. By using a density-based clustering approach, earthquakes pertaining to a common fault can be recognized even over long fault segments, and the first-order geometry and extent of active faults can be inferred. Clusty implements multiple techniques to compute a waveform based network similarity from maximum cross-correlation coefficients at multiple stations. The clustering procedure is designed to be transparent and parameters can be easily tuned. It is supported by a number of analysis visualization tools which help to assess the homogeneity within each cluster and the differences among distinct clusters. The toolbox returns graphical representations of the results. A list of representative events and stacked waveforms facilitate further analyses like moment tensor inversion. Results obtained in various frequency bands can be combined to account for large magnitude ranges. Thanks to the simple configuration, the toolbox is easily adaptable to new data sets and to large magnitude ranges. To show the potential of our new toolbox, we apply Clusty to the aftershock sequence of the M-w 6.9 25 October 2018 Zakynthos (Greece) Earthquake. Thanks to the complex tectonic setting at the western termination of the Hellenic Subduction System where multiple faults and faulting styles operate simultaneously, the Zakynthos data set provides an ideal case-study for our clustering analysis toolbox. Our results support the activation of several faults and provide insight into the geometry of faults or fault segments. We identify two large thrust faulting clusters in the vicinity of the main shock and multiple strike-slip clusters to the east, west and south of these clusters. Despite its location within the largest thrust cluster, the main shock does not show a high waveform similarity to any of the clusters. This is consistent with the results of other studies suggesting a complex failure mechanism for the main shock. We propose the existence of conjugated strike-slip faults in the south of the study area. Our waveform similarity based clustering toolbox is able to reveal distinct event clusters which cannot be discriminated based on locations and/or timing only. Additionally, the clustering results allows distinction between fault and auxiliary planes of focal mechanisms and to associate them to known active faults.
Scanning manufacturing parameters determining the residual stress state in LPBF IN718 small parts
(2021)
The influence of scan strategy on the residual stress (RS) state of an as-built IN718 alloy produced by means of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is investigated. Two scan vector rotations (90 degrees-alternation and 67 degrees-rotation), each produced following two different scan vector lengths (long and short), are used to manufacture four rectangular prisms. Neutron diffraction (ND) and laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are used to map the bulk and surface RS state, respectively. The distortion induced upon removal from the baseplate is measured via profilometry. XRD measurements show that the two long scan vector strategies lead to higher RS when compared with the equivalent short scan vector strategies. Also, the 67 degrees-rotation strategies generate lower RS than their 90 degrees-alternation counterparts. Due to the lack of reliable stress-free d0 references, the ND results are analyzed using von Mises stress. In general, ND results show significant RS spatial non-uniformity. A comparison between ND and distortion results indicates that the RS component parallel to the building direction (Z-axis) has a predominant role in the Z-displacement. The use of a stress balance scheme allows to discuss the d0 variability along the length of the specimens, as well as examine the absolute RS state.
Impact of Late Pleistocene climate variability on paleo-erosion rates in the western Himalaya
(2022)
It has been proposed that at short timescales of 10(2)-10(5) yr, climatic variability can explain variations in sediment flux, but in orogens with pronounced climatic gradients rate changes caused by the oscillating efficiency in rainfall, runoff, and/or sediment transport and deposition are still not well-constrained.
To explore landscape responses under variable climatic forcing, we evaluate time windows of prevailing sediment aggradation and related paleo-erosion rates from the southern flanks of the Dhauladhar Range in the western Himalaya.
We compare past and present Be-10-derived erosion rates of well-dated Late Pleistocene fluvial landforms and modern river sediments and reconstruct the sediment aggradation and incision history based on new luminescence data.
Our results document significant variations in erosion rates ranging from 0.1 to 3.4 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene.
We find that, during times of weak monsoon intensity, the moderately steep areas (hillslope angles of 27 +/- 13 degrees) erode at lower rates of 0.1-0.4 mm/yr compared to steeper (>40 degrees) crestal regions of the Dhauladhar Range that erode at 0.8-1.3 mm/yr.
In contrast, during several millennia of stronger monsoon intensity, both the moderately steep and high slope areas record higher erosion rates (>1-3.4 mm/yr). Lithological clast-count analysis shows that this increase of erosion is focused in the moderately steep areas, where Lesser Himalayan rocks are exposed.
Our data thus highlight the highly non-linear response of climatic forcing on landscape evolution and suggest complex depositional processes and sedimentary signals in downstream areas. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Media discourse about Islamist terrorism can be understood as an important source for the construction of meaning and reality. This chapter aims to explore the different meanings of threat constituted by the media discourse about Islamist terrorism. Additionally, it seeks to shed light on the role of anti-Muslim stereotypes and racism in the discursive construction of meaning and knowledge. Therefore, this study examines the discourse on three terrorist events from the years 2015 and 2016 gathered from four major German newspapers. By applying the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD), the findings reveal three interpretive schemes about threats associated with Islamist terrorism and their different references to anti-Muslim stereotypes and racism.
The current study examined the impact of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) on the academic engagement (AE) and disruptive behavior (DB) of at-risk students' in a German inclusive primary school sample using behavioral progress monitoring.
A multiple baseline design across participants was employed to evaluate the effects of the GBG on 35 primary school students in seven classrooms from grade 1 to 3 (M-age = 8.01 years, SDage = 0.81 years).
The implementation of the GBG was randomly staggered by 2 weeks across classrooms. Teacher-completed Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) was applied to measure AE and DB. We used piecewise regression and a multilevel extension to estimate the individual case-specific treatment effects as well as the generalized effects across cases.
Piecewise regressions for each case showed significant immediate treatment effects for the majority of participants (82.86%) for one or both outcome measures.
The multilevel approach revealed that the GBG improved at-risk students' classroom behaviors generally with a significant immediate treatment effect across cases (for AE, B = 0.74, p < 0.001; for DB, B = -1.29, p < 0.001).
The moderation between intervention effectiveness and teacher ratings of students' risks for externalizing psychosocial problems was significant for DB (B = -0.07, p = 0.047) but not for AE.
Findings are consistent with previous studies indicating that the GBG is an appropriate classroom-based intervention for at-risk students and expand the literature regarding differential effects for affected students.
In addition, the study supports the relevance of behavioral progress monitoring and data-based decision-making in inclusive schools in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the GBG and, if necessary, to modify the intervention for individual students or the whole group.
The efficient use of natural resources is considered a necessary condition for their sustainable use. Extending the lifetime of products and using resources circularly are two popular strategies to increase the efficiency of resource use.
Both strategies are usually assumed to contribute to the eco-efficiency of resource use independently.
We argue that a move to a circular economy creates opportunity costs for consumers holding on to their products, due to the resource embedded in the product. Assuming rational consumers, we develop a model that determines optimal replacement times for products subject to minimizing average costs over time.
We find that in a perfectly circular economy, consumers are incentivized to discard their products more quickly than in a perfectly linear economy.
A direct consequence of our finding is that extending product use is in direct conflict with closing resource loops in the circular economy.
We identify the salvage value of discarded products and technical progress as two factors that determine the impact that closing resource loops has on the duration of product use. The article highlights the risk that closing resource loops and moving to a more circular economy incentivizes more unsustainable behavior.
Bastnsite [REE(CO3)F] is the main mineral of REE ore deposits in carbonatites. Synthetic bastnsite-like compounds were precipitated from aqueous solutions by many different methods, but previous attempts to model magmatic crystallization of bastnsite from hydrous calciocarbonatite melts were unsuccessful.
Here we present the first experimental evidence that bastnsite and two other REE carbonates, burbankite, and lukechangite, can crystallize from carbonatite melt in the synthetic system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at temperatures between 580 and 850 degrees C and a pressure 100 MPa.
The experiments on starting mixtures of reagent-grade CaCO3, Na2CO3, La-2(CO3)(3), and LaF3 were carried out in cold-seal rapid-quench pressure vessels.
The studied system is an isobaric pseudoternary join of a quinary system where CO2 and fluorides act as independent components. Liquidus phases in the run products are calcite, nyerereite, Na carbonate, bastnsite, burbankite solid solution (Na,Ca)(3)(Ca,La)(3)(CO3)(5), and lukechangite Na3La2(CO3)(4)F. Calcite and bastnite form a eutectic in the boundary join La(CO3)F-CaCO3 at 780 +/- 20 degrees C and 58 wt% La(CO3)F. Phase equilibria in the boundary join La(CO3)F-Na2CO3 are complicated by peritectic reaction between Ca-free end-member of burbankite solid solution petersenite (Pet) and lukechangite (Luk) with liquid (L): Na4La2(CO3)(5) (Pet) + NaF (L) = Na3La2(CO3)(4)F (Luk) + Na2CO3 (Nc).
The right-hand-side assemblage becomes stable below 600 +/- 20 degrees C. In ternary mixtures, bastnsite (Bst), burbankite (Bur), and calcite (Cc) are involved in another peritectic reaction: 2La(CO3)F (Bst) + CaCO3 (Cc) + 2Na(2)CO(3) (L) = Na2CaLa2(CO3)(5) (Bur) + 2NaF (L). Burbankite in equilibrium with calcite replaces bastnsite below 730 +/- 20 degrees C. Stable solidus assemblages in the pseudoternary system are: basnsite-burbankite-fluorite-calcite, basnasite-burbankite-fluorite-lukechangite, bastnsite-burbankite-lukechangite, burbankite-lukechangite-nyerereitecalcite, and burbankite-lukechangite-nyerereite-natrite. Addition of 10 wt% Ca-3(PO4)(2) to one of the ternary mixtures resulted in massive crystallization of La-bearing apatite and monazite and complete disappearance of bastnsite and burbankite.
Our results confirm that REE-bearing phosphates are much more stable than carbonates and fluorocarbonates.
Therefore, primary crystallization of the latter from common carbonatite magmas is unlikely. Possible exceptions are carbonatites at Mountain Pass that are characterized by very low P2O5 concentrations (usually at or below 0.5 wt%) and extremely high REE contents in the order of a few weight percent or more. In other carbonatites, bastnsite and burbankite probably crystallized from highly concentrated alkaline carbonate-chloride brines that were found in melt inclusions and are thought to be responsible for widespread fenitization around carbonatite bodies.
Objective:
Little attention has been given to the relationship between cyber polyvictimization and academic outcomes (e.g., classroom misconduct, school readiness, academic performance, absenteeism, school behavioral problems), and the factors, such as parent social support, that buffer against the negative outcomes associated with experiencing multiple forms of victimization. Addressing gaps in the literature by including a longitudinal design and objective assessments of academic outcomes, the present study examined the moderating effect of parent social support in the association between cyber polyvictimization and academic outcomes over one and a half years later.
Method:
Participants were 371 8th graders (50% female) from middle schools in the United States, who completed questionnaires on offline and cyber polyvictimization and parent social support during the 7th grade. Teachers completed questionnaires on students' classroom misconduct and school readiness during 7th and 8th grade. School records were used to determine absenteeism, academic performance, and school behavioral problems (i.e., referrals, in-school suspension, out-of-school suspension) during 7th and 8th grade.
Results:
Findings revealed that 7th grade cyber polyvictimization was related positively to 8th grade classroom misconduct, absenteeism, and school behavioral problems, while it was negatively associated with 8th grade academic performance and school readiness. Parent social support moderated the associations between cyber polyvictimization and school readiness, academic performance, and absenteeism. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of intervening in adolescents' experience of cyber polyvictimization to reduce negative academic outcomes.
Fractional Brownian motion, a Gaussian non-Markovian self-similar process with stationary long-correlated increments, has been identified to give rise to the anomalous diffusion behavior in a great variety of physical systems. The correlation and diffusion properties of this random motion are fully characterized by its index of self-similarity or the Hurst exponent.
However, recent single-particle tracking experiments in biological cells revealed highly complicated anomalous diffusion phenomena that cannot be attributed to a class of self-similar random processes.
Inspired by these observations, we here study the process that preserves the properties of the fractional Brownian motion at a single trajectory level; however, the Hurst index randomly changes from trajectory to trajectory.
We provide a general mathematical framework for analytical, numerical, and statistical analysis of the fractional Brownian motion with the random Hurst exponent.
The explicit formulas for probability density function, mean-squared displacement, and autocovariance function of the increments are presented for three generic distributions of the Hurst exponent, namely, two-point, uniform, and beta distributions.
The important features of the process studied here are accelerating diffusion and persistence transition, which we demonstrate analytically and numerically.
The chaotic spatio-temporal electrical activity during life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation is governed by the dynamics of vortex-like spiral or scroll waves. The organizing centers of these waves are called wave tips (2D) or filaments (3D) and they play a key role in understanding and controlling the complex and chaotic electrical dynamics. Therefore, in many experimental and numerical setups it is required to detect the tips of the observed spiral waves. Most of the currently used methods significantly suffer from the influence of noise and are often adjusted to a specific situation (e.g. a specific numerical cardiac cell model). In this study, we use a specific type of deep neural networks (UNet), for detecting spiral wave tips and show that this approach is robust against the influence of intermediate noise levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that if the UNet is trained with a pool of numerical cell models, spiral wave tips in unknown cell models can also be detected reliably, suggesting that the UNet can in some sense learn the concept of spiral wave tips in a general way, and thus could also be used in experimental situations in the future (ex-vivo, cell-culture or optogenetic experiments).
Background & aims:
This study aimed to describe the association of healthy eating literacy (HEL) with energy, nutrients, and food consumption in young women who had normal and lean weight at a Japanese university, considering their resident status.
Methods:
Cross-sectional data from the Ochanomizu Health Study were used in this study. Participants answered a self-administered, two-part, anonymous survey in 2018 and 2019.
A total of 203 female undergraduate students with lean and normal body mass index (BMI) were included in the analysis. Single and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of HEL and resident status with healthy food consumption, such as vegetables, fish, and shellfish.
The dependent variables were HEL and resident status, and the covariates were age, BMI, and the total metabolic equivalents.
Results:
The median (25th and 75th percentiles) age, BMI, and total HEL score were 20 (19, 21) years, 20.2 (18.9, 21.3) kg/m 2, and 18 (16, 20), respectively.
Resident status and HEL were independently associated with vegetables, fish, and shellfish intake.
Participants who had higher total HEL scores and lived in their family home consumed significantly more vegetables (b = 0.17 and-0.34, p < 0.05) and fish and shellfish (b = 0.24,-0.28, p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
This study provides an insight into the association between HEL and dietary consumption in young women with normal and lean BMI.
Cosmic-ray (CR) diffusion is the result of the interaction of such charged particles against magnetic fluctuations. These fluctuations originate from large-scale turbulence cascading toward smaller spatial scales, decomposed into three different modes, as described by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theory.
As a consequence, the description of particle diffusion strongly depends on the model describing the injected turbulence.
Moreover, the amount of energy assigned to each of the three modes is, in general, not equally divided, which implies that diffusion properties might be different from one region to another.
Here, motivated by the detection of different MHD modes inside the Cygnus-X star-forming region, we study the 3D transport of CRs injected by two prominent sources within a two-zone model that represents the distribution of the modes.
Then, by convolving the propagated CR distribution with the neutral gas, we are able to explain the 𝛾-ray diffuse emission in the region, observed by the Fermi-LAT and HAWC Collaborations.
Such a result represents an important step in the long-standing problem of connecting the CR observables with the microphysics of particle transport.
Die Rolle von Kommunen wird in diesem Buch einem europäischen Vergleich unterzogen. Dabei werden Kategorien wie kommunale Autonomie, Aufgabenprofile, territoriale und politische sowie finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen miteinander verglichen. Auch vergangene und bestehende Reformtrends und -diskurse werden beschrieben und eingeordnet. Die Studie ist eine umfassende Sekundäranalyse und bereitet aktuelle Zahlen aus verschiedenen Quellen auf. Durchgeführt wurde sie von einem Team um Prof. Sabine Kuhlmann vom Lehrstuhl für Politikwissenschaft, Verwaltung und Organisation an der Universität Potsdam.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future.
White mica and tourmaline are the dominant hydrothermal alteration minerals at the world-class Panasqueira W-Sn-Cu deposit in Portugal. Thus, understanding the controls on their chemical composition helps to constrain ore formation processes at this deposit and determine their usefulness as pathfinder minerals for mineralization in general. We combine whole-rock geochemistry of altered and unaltered metasedimentary host rocks with in situ LA-ICP-MS measurements of tourmaline and white mica from the alteration halo. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to better identify geochemical patterns and trends of hydrothermal alteration in the datasets. The hydrothermally altered metasediments are enriched in As, Sn, Cs, Li, W, F, Cu, Rb, Zn, Tl, and Pb relative to unaltered samples. In situ mineral analyses show that most of these elements preferentially partition into white mica over tourmaline (Li, Rb, Cs, Tl, W, and Sn), whereas Zn is enriched in tourmaline. White mica has distinct compositions in different settings within the deposit (greisen, vein selvages, wall rock alteration zone, late fault zone), indicating a compositional evolution with time. In contrast, tourmaline from different settings overlaps in composition, which is ascribed to a stronger dependence on host rock composition and also to the effects of chemical zoning and microinclusions affecting the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Hence, in this deposit, white mica is the better recorder of the fluid composition. The calculated trace-element contents of the Panasqueira mineralizing fluid based on the mica data and estimates of mica-fluid partition coefficients are in good agreement with previous fluid-inclusion analyses. A compilation of mica and tourmaline trace-element compositions from Panasqueira and other W-Sn deposits shows that white mica has good potential as a pathfinder mineral, with characteristically high Li, Cs, Rb, Sn, and W contents. The trace-element contents of hydrothermal tourmaline are more variable. Nevertheless, the compiled data suggest that high Sn and Li contents are distinctive for tourmaline from W-Sn deposits.
In nature, plants are constantly exposed to many transient, but recurring, stresses. Thus, to complete their life cycles, plants require a dynamic balance between capacities to recover following cessation of stress and maintenance of stress memory. Recently, we uncovered a new functional role for macroautophagy/autophagy in regulating recovery from heat stress (HS) and resetting cellular memory of HS inArabidopsis thaliana. Here, we demonstrated that NBR1 (next to BRCA1 gene 1) plays a crucial role as a receptor for selective autophagy during recovery from HS. Immunoblot analysis and confocal microscopy revealed that levels of the NBR1 protein, NBR1-labeled puncta, and NBR1 activity are all higher during the HS recovery phase than before. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of proteins interacting with NBR1 and comparative proteomic analysis of annbr1-null mutant and wild-type plants identified 58 proteins as potential novel targets of NBR1. Cellular, biochemical and functional genetic studies confirmed that NBR1 interacts with HSP90.1 (heat shock protein 90.1) and ROF1 (rotamase FKBP 1), a member of the FKBP family, and mediates their degradation by autophagy, which represses the response to HS by attenuating the expression ofHSPgenes regulated by the HSFA2 transcription factor. Accordingly, loss-of-function mutation ofNBR1resulted in a stronger HS memory phenotype. Together, our results provide new insights into the mechanistic principles by which autophagy regulates plant response to recurrent HS.
Induced point mutations are important genetic resources for their ability to create hypo- and hypermorphic alleles that are useful for understanding gene functions and breeding. However, such mutant populations have only been developed for a few temperate maize varieties, mainly B73 and W22, yet no tropical maize inbred lines have been mutagenized and made available to the public to date. We developed a novel Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutation resource in maize comprising 2050 independent M2 mutant families in the elite tropical maize inbred ML10. By phenotypic screening, we showed that this population is of comparable quality with other mutagenized populations in maize. To illustrate the usefulness of this population for gene discovery, we performed rapid mapping-by-sequencing to clone a fasciated-ear mutant and identify a causal promoter deletion in ZmCLE7 (CLE7). Our mapping procedure does not require crossing to an unrelated parent, thus is suitable for mapping subtle traits and ones affected by heterosis. This first EMS population in tropical maize is expected to be very useful for the maize research community. Also, the EMS mutagenesis and rapid mapping-by-sequencing pipeline described here illustrate the power of performing forward genetics in diverse maize germplasms of choice, which can lead to novel gene discovery due to divergent genetic backgrounds.
The European Alps are amongst the regions with highest glacier mass loss rates over the last decades. Under the threat of ongoing climate change, the ability to predict glacier mass balance changes for water and risk management purposes has become imperative. This raises an urgent need for reliable glacier models. The European Alps do not only host glaciers, but also numerous caves containing carbonate formations, called speleothems. Previous studies have shown that those speleothems also grew during times when the cave was covered by a warm-based glacier. In this thesis, I utilise speleothems from the European Alps as archives of local, environmental conditions related to mountain glacier evolution.
Previous studies have shown that speleothem isotope data from the Alps can be strongly affected by in-cave processes. Therefore, part of this thesis focusses on developing an isotope evolution model, which successfully reproduces differences between contemporaneous growing speleothems. The model is used to propose correction approaches for prior calcite precipitation effects on speleothem oxygen isotopes (δ18O). Applications on speleothem records from caves outside of the Alps demonstrate that corrected δ18O agrees better with other records and climate model simulations.
Existing speleothem growth histories and carbon isotope (δ13C) records from Alpine caves located at different elevations are used to infer soil vs. glacier cover and the thermal regime of the glacier over the last glacial cycle. The compatibility with glacier evolution models is statistically assessed. A general agreement between speleothem δ13C-derived information on soil vs. glacier presence and modelled glacier coverage is found. However, glacier retreat during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 seems to be underestimated by the model. Furthermore, speleothem data provides evidence of surface temperature above the freezing point which is, however, not fully reproduced by the simulations.
History of glacier cover and their thermal regime is explored for the high-elevation cave system Melchsee-Frutt in the Swiss Alps. Based on new (MIS 9b – MIS 7b, MIS 2) and available speleothem δ13C (MIS 7a – 5d) data, warm-based glacier cover is inferred for MIS 8, 7d, 6, and 2. Also a short period of cold-based ice coverage is found for early MIS 6. In a detailed multi-proxy analysis (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca), millennial-scale changes in the glacier-related source of the water infiltrating in the karst during MIS 8 and 7d are found and linked to Northern Hemisphere climate variability.
While speleothem records from high-elevation cave sites in the Alps exhibit huge potential for glacier reconstruction, several limitations remain, which are discussed throughout this thesis. Ultimately, recommendations are given to further leverage subglacial speleothems as an archive of glacier dynamics.
Galaxy morphology is a fossil record of how galaxies formed and evolved and can be regarded as a function of the dynamical state of a galaxy. It encodes the physical processes that dominate its evolutionary history, and is strongly aligned with physical properties like stellar mass, star formation rate and local environment. At a distance of ∼50 and 60 kpc, the Magellanic Clouds represent the nearest interacting pair of dwarf irregular galaxies to the Milky Way, rendering them an important test bed for galaxy morphology in the context of galaxy interactions and the effect of the local environment in which they reside. The Large Magellanic Cloud is classified as the prototype for Magellanic Spiral galaxies, with one prominent spiral arm, an offset bar and an inclined rotating disc while the Small Magellanic Cloud is classified as a dwarf Irregular galaxy and is known for its unstructured shape and large depth across the line–of–sight. Resolved stellar populations are powerful probes of a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, the proximity of the Magellanic Clouds allows us to resolve their stellar populations to individual stars that share coherent chemical and age distributions. The coherent properties of resolved stellar populations enable us to analyse them as a function of position within the Magellanic Clouds, offering a picture of the growth of the galaxies’ substructures over time and yielding a comprehensive view of their morphology. Furthermore, investigating the kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds offers valuable insights into their dynamics and evolutionary history. By studying the motions and velocities of stars within these galaxies, we can trace their past interactions, with the Milky Way or with each other and unravel the complex interplay of forces that have influenced the Magellanic Clouds’ formation and evolution.
In Chapter 2, the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds was employed to generate unprecedented high-resolution morphological maps of the Magellanic Clouds in the near-infrared. Utilising colour-magnitude diagrams and theoretical evolutionary models to segregate stellar populations, this approach enabled a comprehensive age tomography of the galaxies. It revealed previously uncharacterised features in their central regions at spatial resolutions of 0.13 kpc (Large Magellanic Cloud) and 0.16 kpc (Small Magellanic Cloud), the findings showcased the impact of tidal interactions on their inner regions. Notably, the study highlighted the enhanced coherent structures in the Large Magellanic Cloud, shedding light on the significant role of the recent Magellanic Clouds’ interaction 200 Myr ago in shaping many of the fine structures. The Small Magellanic Cloud revealed asymmetry in younger populations and irregularities in intermediate-age ones, pointing towards the influence of past tidal interactions.
In Chapter 3, an examination of the outskirts of the Magellanic Clouds led to the identification of new substructures through the use of near-infrared photometry from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey and multi-dimensional phase-space information from Gaia. The distances and proper motions of these substructures were investigated. This analysis revealed the impact of past Magellanic Clouds’ interactions and the influence of the Milky Way’s tidal field on the morphology and kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds. A bi-modal distance distribution was identified within the luminosity function of the red clump stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, notably in its eastern regions, with the foreground substructure being attributed to the Magellanic Clouds’ interaction around 200 Myr ago. Furthermore, associations with the Counter Bridge and Old Bridge were uncovered through the detection of background and foreground structures in various regions of the SMC.
In chapter 4, a detailed kinematic analysis of the Small Magellanic Cloud was conducted using spectra from the European Southern Observatory Science Archive Facility. The study reveals distinct kinematics in the Wing and bar regions, attributed to interactions with the Large Magellanic Cloud and variations in star formation history. Notably, velocity disparities are observed in the bar’s young main sequence stars, aligning with specific star-forming episodes, and suggesting potential galactic stretching or tidal stripping, as corroborated by proper motion studies.
As followers are becoming more educated and better connected, empowering leadership has gained traction in recent times as an alternative to traditional top-down models of leadership. Several scholars have investigated the relationship between empowering leadership and other variables in different contexts. As most previous studies have focused on the positive aspects of empowering leadership, research on its potential dark side is scarce. Furthermore, no previous study has examined whether and how the transfer of workload from followers to leaders can occur over time, which I proposed can lead to emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict among leaders. Therefore, I proposed that despite the positive outcomes of empowering leadership for both followers and leaders, it may also trigger negative outcomes capable of affecting the well-being of leaders. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) theory, and Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing (TMGT) effect model, I investigated this idea. Using follower workload as a moderator, I proposed that the relationship between empowering leadership and leader workload is positive when follower workload is high and negative when follower workload is low. In addition, I examined how empowering leadership interacts with follower workload to affect leader emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict, mediated by leader workload. I proposed that this interaction results in a negative relationship between empowering leadership and both outcomes when follower workload is low, and a positive relationship when it is high.
I tested these hypotheses using data from a three-wave time-lagged design field study with 65 leader-follower dyads consisting of civil servants from different administrative entities of India and Pakistan. The time lag between each study variable was four weeks. At Time 1 (T1), followers answered questions about demographic characteristics, virtual interaction with their leaders, their workload, and the extent to which their leaders practice empowering leadership. At the same time, leaders answered questions about demographic characteristics and their job satisfaction. At Time 2 (T2), leaders provided data on their own workload. Finally, at Time 3 (T3), leaders rated their emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict. A moderated mediation model was tested using PROCESS Model 7 in R. The findings of the study reveal that a significant increase in follower workload through empowering leadership will also increase the leader's workload. Consequently, this increased leader workload leads to a crossover of this interactive effect onto the level of emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict experienced by leaders.
This research offers various contributions to the leadership literature. While empowering leadership has been commonly associated with positive outcomes, my study reveals that it can also lead to negative outcomes. In addition, it shifts the focus of existing research from the effect of empowering leadership on followers to the consequences that it might have for leaders themselves. Overall, my research underscores the need for leaders to consider the potential counterproductive effects of empowering leadership and tailor their approach accordingly.
Organic-inorganic composite materials with tailored properties can be designed in the lab through bioinspired approaches.
In this context, we exploited the particle-based crystallisation process of calcium sulfate, a technologically important mineral, to hybridise inorganic and organic matter.
We identified and synthesised an organic polymer showing strong affinity to bind to the surfaces of mineral precursors as well as intrinsic tendency to self-organise. Subsequently, polymer-coated building units were allowed to self-assemble via oriented attachment, aggregation and phase transformation, which produced ordered superstructures where the organic polymer is intercalated between the subunits and surrounds the hybrid core as a shell.
This specific architecture across multiple length scales leads to unique mechanical properties, comparable to those of natural biominerals.
Thus, our results devise a straightforward pathway to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid structures via bottom-up self-assembly processes innate to the crystallisation of the inorganic phase.
This approach can likely be transferred to other inorganic minerals, affording next-generation materials for applications in the construction sector, biomedicine and beyond.
Human-induced climate change is impacting the global water cycle by, e.g., causing changes in precipitation patterns, evapotranspiration dynamics, cryosphere shrinkage, and complex streamflow trends. These changes, coupled with the increased frequency and severity of extreme hydrometeorological events like floods, droughts, and heatwaves, contribute to hydroclimatic disasters, posing significant implications for local and global infrastructure, human health, and overall productivity.
In the tropical Andes, climate change is evident through warming trends, glacier retreats, and shifts in precipitation patterns, leading to altered risks of floods and droughts, e.g., in the upper Amazon River basin. Projections for the region indicate rising temperatures, potential glacier disappearance or substantial shrinkage, and altered streamflow patterns, highlighting challenges in water availability due to these expected changes and growing human water demand. The evolving trends in hydroclimatic conditions in the tropical Andes present significant challenges to socioeconomic and environmental systems, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding to guide effective adaptation policies and strategies in response to the impacts of climate change in the region.
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate current hydrological dynamics in the tropical Andes of Peru and Ecuador and their responses to climate change. Given the scarcity of hydrometeorological data in the region, this objective was accomplished through a comprehensive data preparation and analysis in combination with hydrological modeling using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) eco-hydrological model. In this context, the initial steps involved assessing, identifying, and/or generating more reliable climate input data to address data limitations.
The thesis introduces RAIN4PE, a high-resolution precipitation dataset for Peru and Ecuador, developed by merging satellite, reanalysis, and ground-based data with surface elevation through the random forest method. Further adjustments of precipitation estimates were made for catchments influenced by fog/cloud water input on the eastern side of the Andes using streamflow data and applying the method of reverse hydrology. RAIN4PE surpasses other global and local precipitation datasets, showcasing superior reliability and accuracy in representing precipitation patterns and simulating hydrological processes across the tropical Andes. This establishes it as the optimal precipitation product for hydrometeorological applications in the region.
Due to the significant biases and limitations of global climate models (GCMs) in representing key atmospheric variables over the tropical Andes, this study developed regionally adapted GCM simulations specifically tailored for Peru and Ecuador. These simulations are known as the BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset, and they were derived using reliable, high-resolution datasets like RAIN4PE as reference data. The BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset shows notable improvements over raw GCM simulations, reflecting enhanced representations of observed climate properties and accurate simulation of streamflow, including high and low flow indices. This renders it suitable for assessing regional climate change impacts on agriculture, water resources, and hydrological extremes.
In addition to generating more accurate climatic input data, a reliable hydrological model is essential for simulating watershed hydrological processes. To tackle this challenge, the thesis presents an innovative multiobjective calibration framework integrating remote sensing vegetation data, baseflow index, discharge goodness-of-fit metrics, and flow duration curve signatures. In contrast to traditional calibration strategies relying solely on discharge goodness-of-fit metrics, this approach enhances the simulation of vegetation, streamflow, and the partitioning of flow into surface runoff and baseflow in a typical Andean catchment. The refined hydrological model calibration strategy was applied to conduct reliable simulations and understand current and future hydrological trajectories in the tropical Andes.
By establishing a region-suitable and thoroughly tested hydrological model with high-resolution and reliable precipitation input data from RAIN4PE, this study provides new insights into the spatiotemporal distribution of water balance components in Peru and transboundary catchments. Key findings underscore the estimation of Peru's total renewable freshwater resource (total river runoff of 62,399 m3/s), with the Peruvian Amazon basin contributing 97.7%. Within this basin, the Amazon-Andes transition region emerges as a pivotal hotspot for water yield (precipitation minus evapotranspiration), characterized by abundant rainfall and lower atmospheric water demand/evapotranspiration. This finding underlines its paramount role in influencing the hydrological variability of the entire Amazon basin.
Subsurface hydrological pathways, particularly baseflow from aquifers, strongly influence water yield in lowland and Andean catchments, sustaining streamflow, especially during the extended dry season. Water yield demonstrates an elevation- and latitude-dependent increase in the Pacific Basin (catchments draining into the Pacific Ocean), while it follows an unimodal curve in the Peruvian Amazon Basin, peaking in the Amazon-Andes transition region. This observation indicates an intricate relationship between water yield and elevation.
In Amazon lowlands rivers, particularly in the Ucayali River, floodplains play a significant role in shaping streamflow seasonality by attenuating and delaying peak flows for up to two months during periods of high discharge. This observation underscores the critical importance of incorporating floodplain dynamics into hydrological simulations and river management strategies for accurate modeling and effective water resource management.
Hydrological responses vary across different land use types in high Andean catchments. Pasture areas exhibit the highest water yield, while agricultural areas and mountain forests show lower yields, emphasizing the importance of puna (high-altitude) ecosystems, such as pastures, páramos, and bofedales, in regulating natural storage.
Projected future hydrological trajectories were analyzed by driving the hydrological model with regionalized GCM simulations provided by the BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset. The analysis considered sustainable (low warming, SSP1-2.6) and fossil fuel-based development (high-end warming, SSP5-8.5) scenarios for the mid (2035-2065) and end (2065-2095) of the century. The projected changes in water yield and streamflow across the tropical Andes exhibit distinct regional and seasonal variations, particularly amplified under a high-end warming scenario towards the end of the century. Projections suggest year-round increases in water yield and streamflow in the Andean regions and decreases in the Amazon lowlands, with exceptions such as the northern Amazon expecting increases during wet seasons. Despite these regional differences, the upper Amazon River's streamflow is projected to remain relatively stable throughout the 21st century. Additionally, projections anticipate a decrease in low flows in the Amazon lowlands and an increased risk of high flows (floods) in the Andean and northern Amazon catchments.
This thesis significantly contributes to enhancing climatic data generation, overcoming regional limitations that previously impeded hydrometeorological research, and creating new opportunities. It plays a crucial role in advancing hydrological model calibration, improving the representation of internal hydrological processes, and achieving accurate results for the right reasons. Novel insights into current hydrological dynamics in the tropical Andes are fundamental for improving water resource management. The anticipated intensified changes in water flows and hydrological extreme patterns under a high-end warming scenario highlight the urgency of implementing emissions mitigation and adaptation measures to address the heightened impacts on water resources.
In fact, the new datasets (RAIN4PE and BASD-CMIP6-PE) have already been utilized by researchers and experts in regional and local-scale projects and catchments in Peru and Ecuador. For instance, they have been applied in river catchments such as Mantaro, Piura, and San Pedro to analyze local historical and future developments in climate and water resources.
Evolutionary reduction of adult body size (miniaturization) has profound consequences for organismal biology and is an important subject of evolutionary research. Based on two individuals we describe a new, extremely miniaturized chameleon, which may be the world's smallest reptile species. The male holotype of Brookesia nana sp. nov. has a snout-vent length of 13.5 mm (total length 21.6 mm) and has large, apparently fully developed hemipenes, making it apparently the smallest mature male amniote ever recorded. The female paratype measures 19.2 mm snout-vent length (total length 28.9 mm) and a micro-CT scan revealed developing eggs in the body cavity, likewise indicating sexual maturity. The new chameleon is only known from a degraded montane rainforest in northern Madagascar and might be threatened by extinction. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it as sister to B. karchei, the largest species in the clade of miniaturized Brookesia species, for which we resurrect Evoluticauda Angel, 1942 as subgenus name. The genetic divergence of B. nana sp. nov. is rather strong (9.914.9% to all other Evoluticauda species in the 16S rRNA gene). A comparative study of genital length in Malagasy chameleons revealed a tendency for the smallest chameleons to have the relatively largest hemipenes, which might be a consequence of a reversed sexual size dimorphism with males substantially smaller than females in the smallest species. The miniaturized males may need larger hemipenes to enable a better mechanical fit with female genitals during copulation. Comprehensive studies of female genitalia are needed to test this hypothesis and to better understand the evolution of genitalia in reptiles.
The desiccation of the Aral Sea represents one of the largest human-made environmental regional disasters. The salt- and toxin-enriched dried-out basin provides a natural laboratory for studying ecosystem functioning and rhizosphere assembly under extreme anthropogenic conditions.
Here, we investigated the prokaryotic rhizosphere communities of the native pioneer plant Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.) Moq. in comparison to bulk soil across a gradient of desiccation (5, 10, and 40 years) by metagenome and amplicon sequencing combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The rhizosphere effect was evident due to significantly higher bacterial abundances but less diversity in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Interestingly, in the highest salinity (5 years of desiccation), rhizosphere functions were mainly provided by archaeal communities.
Along the desiccation gradient, we observed a significant change in the rhizosphere microbiota, which was reflected by (i) a decreasing archaeon-bacterium ratio, (ii) replacement of halophilic archaea by specific plant-associated bacteria, i.e., Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and (iii) an adaptation of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways.
In general, both bacteria and archaea were found to be involved in carbon cycling and fixation, as well as methane and nitrogen metabolism.
Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) showed specific signatures for production of osmoprotectants, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and transport system induction.
Our results provide evidence that rhizosphere assembly by cofiltering specific taxa with distinct traits is a mechanism which allows plants to thrive under extreme conditions. Overall, our findings highlight a function-based rhizosphere assembly, the importance of plant-microbe interactions in salinated soils, and their exploitation potential for ecosystem restoration approaches.IMPORTANCE
The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin.
Here, we investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in the rhizosphere of pioneer plants by combining classic molecular methods with amplicon sequencing as well as metagenomics for functional insights.
By implementing a desiccation gradient, we observed (i) remarkable differences in the archaeon-bacterium ratio of plant rhizosphere samples, (ii) replacement of archaeal indicator taxa during succession, and (iii) the presence of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways in archaea present during the early stages.
In addition, our results provide hitherto-undescribed insights into the functional redundancy between plant-associated archaea and bacteria.
The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century.
Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin.
From June to August 2021, we deployed a dense seismic nodal network across the Hengill geothermal area in southwest Iceland to image and characterize faults and high-temperature zones at high resolution.
The nodal network comprised 498 geophone nodes spread across the northern Nesjavellir and southern Hverahlio geothermal fields and was complemented by an existing permanent and temporary backbone seismic network of a total of 44 short-period and broadband stations.
In addition, we recorded distributed acoustic sensing data along two fiber optic telecommunication cables near the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant with commercial interrogators.
During the time of deployment, a vibroseis survey took place around the Nesjavellir power plant.
Here, we describe the network and the recorded datasets.
Furthermore, we showsome initial results that indicate a high data quality and highlight the potential of the seismic records for various follow up studies, such as high-resolution event location to delineate faults and body- and surface-wave tomographies to image the subsurface velocity structure in great detail.
Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29-23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2-early MIS1 (ca. 23.4-11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69-present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 +/- 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 +/- 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557m(3). The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn.
Martian atmospheric spectral end-members retrieval from ExoMars Thermal Infrared (TIRVIM) data
(2022)
Key knowledge about planetary composition can be recovered from the study of thermal infrared spectral range datasets.
This range has a huge diagnostic potential because it contains diagnostic absorptions from a planetary surface and atmosphere. The main goal of this study is to process and interpret the dataset from the Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) which is part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite of the ExoMars2016 Trace Gas Orbiter mission to find and characterize dust and water ice clouds in the atmosphere.
The method employed here is based on the application of principal component analysis and target transformation techniques to extract the independent variable components present in the analyzed dataset. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols have been recovered from the analysis of TIRVIM data.
The comparison between our results with those previously obtained on Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data and with previous analysis on TIRVIM data, validates the methodology here applied, showing that it allows to correctly recover the atmospheric spectral endmembers present in the TIRVIM data.
Moreover, comparison with atmospheric retrievals on PFS, TES and IRIS data, allowed us to assess the temporal stability and homogeneity of dust and water ice components in the Martian atmosphere over a time period of almost 50 years.
Heat shock factor HSFA2 fine-tunes resetting of thermomemory via plastidic metalloprotease FtsH6
(2022)
The transcription factor HSFA2 fine-tunes a balance between prolongation and resetting of thermomemory in Arabidopsis via the regulation of both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes.
Plants 'memorize' stressful events and protect themselves from future, often more severe, stresses. To maximize growth after stress, plants 'reset' or 'forget' memories of stressful situations, which requires an intricate balance between stress memory formation and the degree of forgetfulness.
HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 21 (HSP21) encodes a small heat shock protein in plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana. HSP21 functions as a key component of thermomemory, which requires a sustained elevated level of HSP21 during recovery from heat stress. A heat-induced metalloprotease, filamentation temperature-sensitive H6 (FtsH6), degrades HSP21 to its pre-stress abundance, thereby resetting memory during the recovery phase. The transcription factor heat shock factor A2 (HSFA2) activates downstream genes essential for mounting thermomemory, acting as a positive regulator in the process.
Here, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identify HSFA2 as an upstream transactivator of the resetting element FtsH6. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of HSFA2 increases expression of FtsH6, whereas it is drastically reduced in the hsfa2 knockout mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals in planta binding of HSFA2 to the FtsH6 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of HSFA2 improves thermomemory more profoundly in ftsh6 than wild-type plants.
Thus, by activating both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes, HSFA2 acts as a cellular homeostasis factor during thermomemory.
As cultural diversity is increasing around the globe, a more nuanced understanding of the cultural diversity climate in classroom settings is needed, including how its different aspects relate to student outcomes. We developed the Classroom Cultural Diversity Climate Scale (CCDCS), integrating theory and research from social psychology and multicultural education and including novel facets like polyculturalism, which has not been studied in the school context before. We then studied associations with intergroup relations, socio-emotional adjustment, and school achievement among students of immigrant and non-immigrant background at the individual and classroom levels. The scale includes six subscales in the two broad dimensions of equality and inclusion: contact and cooperation, (un)equal treatment, and color-evasion, and cultural pluralism: heritage and intercultural learning, critical consciousness, and polyculturalism. Using data from 1,335 secondary school students in Germany (Mage = 14.7; 51% male; 51% immigrant background), the scale demonstrated measurement invariance by immigrant background, gender, and school track, and reliability at individual and classroom levels. A more positive diversity climate, with better intercultural relations (equality and inclusion) and more opportunities to learn about cultural diversity (cultural pluralism), was associated with more positive student outcomes. Interestingly, polyculturalism was not associated with negative effects observed for other facets of cultural pluralism. Relations for different climate aspects also varied by outcome and students' immigrant background. This underscores the importance of a nuanced perspective when evaluating different approaches to cultural diversity in context.
Aim: Study aim was to investigate the effects of therapeutic phlebotomy on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with grade 1 hypertension.
Methods: In this randomized-controlled intervention study, patients with unmedicated hypertension grade 1 were randomized into an intervention group (phlebotomy group; 500 mL bloodletting at baseline and after 6 weeks) and a control group (waiting list) and followed up for 8 weeks. Primary endpoint was the 24-h ambulatory mean arterial pressure between the intervention and control groups after 8 weeks. Secondary outcome parameters included ambulatory/resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and selected laboratory parameters (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and ferritin). Resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure/heart rate and blood count were also assessed at 6 weeks before the second phlebotomy to ensure safety. A per-protocol analysis was performed.
Results: Fifty-three hypertension participants (56.7 +/- 10.5 years) were included in the analysis (n = 25 intervention group, n = 28 control group). The ambulatory measured mean arterial pressure decreased by -1.12 +/- 5.16mmHg in the intervention group and increased by 0.43 +/- 3.82mmHg in the control group (between-group difference: -1.55 +/- 4.46, p = 0.22). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and ferritin showed more pronounced reductions in the intervention group in comparison with the control group, with significant between-group differences. Subgroup analysis showed trends regarding the effects on different groups classified by serum ferritin concentration, body mass index, age, and sex. Two adverse events (AEs) (anemia and dizziness) occurred in association with the phlebotomy, but no serious AEs.
Conclusions: Study results showed that therapeutic phlebotomy resulted in only minimal reductions of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement values in patients with unmedicated grade 1 hypertension. Further high-quality clinical studies are warranted, as this finding contradicts the results of other studies.
The early exhumation history of the Tauern Window in the European Eastern Alps and its surface expression is poorly dated and quantified, partly because thermochronological and provenance information are sparse from the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. For the first time, we combine a single-grain double-dating approach (Apatite Fission Track and U-Pb dating) with trace-element geochemistry analysis on the same apatites to reconstruct the provenance and exhumation history of the late Oligocene/early Miocene Eastern Alps. The results from 22 samples from the Chattian to Burdigalian sedimentary infill of the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin were integrated with a 3D seismic-reflection data set and published stratigraphic reports. Our highly discriminative data set indicates an increasing proportion of apatites (from 6% to 23%) with Sr/Y values <0.1 up-section and an increasing amount of apatites (from 24% to 38%) containing >1,000 ppm light rare-earth elements from Chattian to Burdigalian time. The number of U-Pb ages with acceptable uncertainties increases from 40% to 59% up-section, with mostly late Variscan/Permian ages, while an increasing number of grains (10%-27%) have Eocene or younger apatite fission track cooling ages. The changes in the apatite trace-element geochemistry and U-Pb data mirror increased sediment input from an >= upper amphibolite-facies metamorphic source of late Variscan/Permian age - probably the otztal-Bundschuh nappe system - accompanied by increasing exhumation rates indicated by decreasing apatite fission track lag times. We attribute these changes to the surface response to upright folding and doming in the Penninic units of the future Tauern Window starting at 29-27 Ma. This early period of exhumation (0.3-0.6 mm/a) is triggered by early Adriatic indentation along the Giudicarie Fault System.
Prediction is often regarded as a central and domain-general aspect of cognition. This proposal extends to language, where predictive processing might enable the comprehension of rapidly unfolding input by anticipating upcoming words or their semantic features. To make these predictions, the brain needs to form a representation of the predictive patterns in the environment. Predictive processing theories suggest a continuous learning process that is driven by prediction errors, but much is still to be learned about this mechanism in language comprehension. This thesis therefore combined three electroencephalography (EEG) experiments to explore the relationship between prediction and implicit learning at the level of meaning.
Results from Study 1 support the assumption that the brain constantly infers und updates probabilistic representations of the semantic context, potentially across multiple levels of complexity. N400 and P600 brain potentials could be predicted by semantic surprise based on a probabilistic estimate of previous exposure and a more complex probability representation, respectively.
Subsequent work investigated the influence of prediction errors on the update of semantic predictions during sentence comprehension. In line with error-based learning, unexpected sentence continuations in Study 2 ¬– characterized by large N400 amplitudes ¬– were associated with increased implicit memory compared to expected continuations. Further, Study 3 indicates that prediction errors not only strengthen the representation of the unexpected word, but also update specific predictions made from the respective sentence context. The study additionally provides initial evidence that the amount of unpredicted information as reflected in N400 amplitudes drives this update of predictions, irrespective of the strength of the original incorrect prediction.
Together, these results support a central assumption of predictive processing theories: A probabilistic predictive representation at the level of meaning that is updated by prediction errors. They further propose the N400 ERP component as a possible learning signal. The results also emphasize the need for further research regarding the role of the late positive ERP components in error-based learning. The continuous error-based adaptation described in this thesis allows the brain to improve its predictive representation with the aim to make better predictions in the future.
Jüdische Musik
(2021)
The history of the so-called “New Jewish School” in music began in 1908 in St. Petersburg with the founding of the Society for Jewish Folk Music by students from the St. Petersburg Conservatory. The end of this movement came with the invasion of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, and the dissolution of the Vienna Society for the Promotion of Jewish Music later that year.
The fascinating and dramatic history of the New Jewish School is the subject of this monograph, which summarizes the author’s years of intensive international archival research. While many other national schools of music – such as the Russian, Czech or Hungarian – were able to develop freely and establish themselves in a favorable cultural environment, the Jewish school was violently suppressed. The reconstruction of its historical development in Russia and, after 1917, increasingly in other Eastern and Central European countries was first presented in German in 2004 and has since served as the basis for rediscovery of the valuable, highly original repertoire of New Jewish School composers. For this English-language publication, the entire book has been thoroughly revised and richly supplemented with extensive additional texts and materials.
Zwischen Bach und Klezmer
(2023)
Aleksandr Veprik (1899–1958)
(2024)
The years 1953 through the 1970s in the Soviet Union have been called the era of the “Jews of silence.” And yet through various types of musical activities, certain parts of the Jewish population in the USSR were able to maintain a collective cultural identity in the public sphere. Captured as a musical community, this collectivity also extended to non-Jewish composers, musicians, and audiences. As such it thematicized, performed, represented, and received Jewishness, through Yiddish theater and songs, art music, and popular music. Concerts and works conceived for the Soviet stages demonstrate that Jewishness mattered, with music taking on new symbolism and becoming imbued with new meaning. This chapter focuses on the presence (and absence) of Jewish music in the public sphere, specifically in the concert hall and other stages in the post-Stalinist Soviet Union.
We investigate the failed partial eruption of a filament system in NOAA AR 12104 on 2014 July 5, using multiwavelength EUV, magnetogram, and H alpha observations, as well as magnetic field modeling. The filament system consists of two almost co-spatial segments with different end points, both resembling a C shape. Following an ejection and a precursor flare related to flux cancellation, only the upper segment rises and then displays a prominent twisted structure, while rolling over toward its footpoints. The lower segment remains undisturbed, indicating that the system possesses a double-decker structure. The erupted segment ends up with a reverse-C shape, with material draining toward its footpoints, while losing its twist. Using the flux rope insertion method, we construct a model of the source region that qualitatively reproduces key elements of the observed evolution. At the eruption onset, the model consists of a flux rope atop a flux bundle with negligible twist, which is consistent with the observational interpretation that the filament possesses a double-decker structure. The flux rope reaches the critical height of the torus instability during its initial relaxation, while the lower flux bundle remains in stable equilibrium. The eruption terminates when the flux rope reaches a dome-shaped quasi-separatrix layer that is reminiscent of a magnetic fan surface, although no magnetic null is found. The flux rope is destroyed by reconnection with the confining overlying flux above the dome, transferring its twist in the process.
Natural gas can be temporarily stored in a variety of underground facilities, such as depleted gas and oil fields, natural aquifers and caverns in salt rocks. Being extensively monitored during operations, these systems provide a favourable opportunity to investigate how pressure varies in time and space and possibly induces/triggers earthquakes on nearby faults. Elaborate and detailed numerical modelling techniques are often applied to study gas reservoirs. Here we show the possibilities and discuss the limitations of a flexible and easily formulated tool that can be straightforwardly applied to simulate temporal pore-pressure variations and study the relation with recorded microseismic events. We use the software POEL (POroELastic diffusion and deformation) which computes the poroelastic response to fluid injection/extraction in a horizontally layered poroelastic structure. We further develop its application to address the presence of vertical impermeable faults bounding the reservoir and of multiple injection/extraction sources. Exploiting available information on the reservoir geometry and physical parameters, and records of injection/extraction rates for a gas reservoir in southern Europe, we perform an extensive parametric study considering different model configurations. Comparing modelled spatiotemporal pore-pressure variations with in situ measurements, we show that the inclusion of vertical impermeable faults provides an improvement in reproducing the observations and results in pore-pressure accumulation near the faults and in a variation of the temporal pore-pressure diffusion pattern. To study the relation between gas storage activity and recorded local microseismicity, we applied different seismicity models based on the estimated porepressure distribution. This analysis helps to understand the spatial distribution of seismicity and its temporal modulation. The results show that the observed microseismicity could be partly linked to the storage activity, but the contribution of tectonic background seismicity cannot be excluded.
The administrative language used in imperial and city chanceries illustrates formal language use in the Early Modern period, as most evident in its syntactic complexity. Since administrative language was considered prestigious by the literate people of the time, the syntactic features in question are increasingly found in other text types as well (Lötscher 1995, Schwitalla 2002). The present paper investigates early newspapers published in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to evalute their degree of syntactic complexity and hence the extent of formal language used. Contrary to common belief (Admoni 1980, von Polenz 2013), it will be shown that early newspapers do not allow a uniform assessment in terms of their syntactic complexity, when they emerge as a new genre in the seventeenth century: some news segments display a fairly simple syntax, whereas others are of high syntactic complexity. By the end of the eighteenth century, the growing conventionalization of the new genre as well as the impact of standardization processes render newspapers much more balanced in terms of syntactic complexity. Unlike previous work on the syntactic complexity of newspaper language, the measurement of syntactic complexity takes into account not only sentence length and the relationship between independent and dependent clauses, but also the placement of adverbial clauses in relation to their associated clause.
Reservoir-triggered seismicity has been observed near dams during construction, impoundment, and cyclic filling in many parts of the earth. In Turkey, the number of dams has increased substantially over the last decade, with Ataturk Dam being the largest dam in Turkey with a total water capacity of 48.7 billion m(3). After the construction of the dam, the monitoring network has improved. Considering earthquakes above the long-term completeness magnitude of M-C = 3.5, the local seismicity rate has substantially increased after the filling of the reservoir. Recently, two damaging earthquakes of M-w 5.5 and M-w 5.1 occurred in the town of Samsat near the Ataturk Reservoir in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In this study, we analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity and its source properties in relation to the temporal water-level variations and the stresses resulting from surface loading and pore-pressure diffusion. We find that water-level and seismicity rate are anti-correlated, which is explained by the stabilization effect of the gravitational induced stress imposed by water loading on the local faults. On the other hand, we find that the overall effective stress in the seismogenic zone increased over decades due to pore-pressure diffusion, explaining the enhanced background seismicity during recent years. Additionally, we observe a progressive decrease of the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Our results indicate that the stressing rate finally focused on the region where the two damaging earthquakes occurred in 2017 and 2018.
Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids based on the conjugated polymer P3HT and mesoporous silicon
(2022)
Organic-inorganic hybrids are a class of functional materials that combine favorable properties of their constituents to achieve an overall improved performance for a wide range of applications. This article presents the synthesis route for P3HT-porous silicon hybrids for thermoelectric applications. The conjugated polymer P3HT is incorporated into the porous silicon matrix by means of melt infiltration. Gravimetry, sorption isotherms and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping indicate that the organic molecules occupy more than 50% of the void space in the inorganic host. We demonstrate that subsequent diffusion-based doping of the confined polymer in a FeCl3 solution increases the electrical conductivity of the hybrid by five orders of magnitude compared to the empty porous silicon host.
The accelerating climatic changes and new infrastructure development across the Arctic require more robust risk and environmental assessment, but thus far there is no consistent record of human impact. We provide a first panarctic satellite-based record of expanding infrastructure and anthropogenic impacts along all permafrost affected coasts (100 km buffer, approximate to 6.2 Mio km(2)), named the Sentinel-1/2 derived Arctic Coastal Human Impact (SACHI) dataset. The completeness and thematic content goes beyond traditional satellite based approaches as well as other publicly accessible data sources. Three classes are considered: linear transport infrastructure (roads and railways), buildings, and other impacted area. C-band synthetic aperture radar and multi-spectral information (2016-2020) is exploited within a machine learning framework (gradient boosting machines and deep learning) and combined for retrieval with 10 m nominal resolution. In total, an area of 1243 km(2) constitutes human-built infrastructure as of 2016-2020. Depending on region, SACHI contains 8%-48% more information (human presence) than in OpenStreetMap. 221 (78%) more settlements are identified than in a recently published dataset for this region. 47% is not covered in a global night-time light dataset from 2016. At least 15% (180 km(2)) correspond to new or increased detectable human impact since 2000 according to a Landsat-based normalized difference vegetation index trend comparison within the analysis extent. Most of the expanded presence occurred in Russia, but also some in Canada and US. 31% and 5% of impacted area associated predominantly with oil/gas and mining industry respectively has appeared after 2000. 55% of the identified human impacted area will be shifting to above 0 C-circle ground temperature at two meter depth by 2050 if current permafrost warming trends continue at the pace of the last two decades, highlighting the critical importance to better understand how much and where Arctic infrastructure may become threatened by permafrost thaw.
This article presents inelastic thermal neutron scattering experiments probing the phonon dispersion in mesoporous silicon with pores 8 nm across. Scattering studies reveal the energy-momentum relation for transverse and longitudinal phonons along the high symmetry directions , and in the Brillouin zone. The dispersion up to phonon energies of 35 meV unambiguously proves that the phonon group velocities in highly-crystalline silicon are not modified by nanostructuring down to sub-10 nanometer length scales. On these length scales, there is apparently no effect of structuring on the elastic moduli of mesoporous silicon. No evidence can be found for phonon-softening in topologically complex, geometrically disordered mesoporous silicon putting it in contrast to silicon nanotubes and nanoribbons.
Instructional videos are widely used to study teachers' professional vision. A new technological development in video research is mobile eye-tracking (MET). It has the potential to provide fine-grained insights into teachers' professional vision in action, but has yet been scarcely employed. We addressed this research gap by using MET video feedback to examine how expert and novice teachers differed in their noticing and weighing of alternative teaching strategies. Expert and novice teachers' lessons were recorded with MET devices. Then, they commented on what they observe while watching their own teaching videos. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that expert and novice teachers did not differ in the number of classroom events they noticed and alternative teaching strategies they mentioned. However, novice teachers were more critical of their own teaching than expert teachers, particularly when they considered alternative teaching strategies. Practical implications for the field of teacher education are discussed.
We revise the conceptual model of calcite varves and present, for the first time, a dual lake monitoring study in two alkaline lakes providing new insights into the seasonal sedimentation processes forming these varves. The study lakes, Tiefer See in NE Germany and Czechowskie in N Poland, have distinct morphology and bathymetry, and therefore, they are ideal to decipher local effects on seasonal deposition. The monitoring setup in both lakes is largely identical and includes instrumental observation of (i) meteorological parameters, (ii) chemical profiling of the lake water column including water sampling, and (iii) sediment trapping at both bi-weekly and monthly intervals. We then compare our monitoring data with varve micro-facies in the sediment record. One main finding is that calcite varves form complex laminae triplets rather than simple couplets as commonly thought. Sedimentation of varve sub-layers in both lakes is largely dependent on the lake mixing dynamics and results from the same seasonality, commencing with diatom blooms in spring turning into a pulse of calcite precipitation in summer and terminating with a re-suspension layer in autumn and winter, composed of calcite patches, plant fragments and benthic diatoms. Despite the common seasonal cycle, the share of each of these depositional phases in the total annual sediment yield is different between the lakes. In Lake Tiefer See calcite sedimentation has the highest yields, whereas in Lake Czechowskie, the so far underestimated re-suspension sub-layer dominates the sediment accumulation. Even in undisturbed varved sediments, re-suspended material becomes integrated in the sediment fabric and makes up an important share of calcite varves. Thus, while the biogeochemical lake cycle defines the varves' autochthonous components and micro-facies, the physical setting plays an important role in determining the varve sub-layers' proportion.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as a consequence of overnutrition caused by high-calorie diets, results in obesity and disturbed lipid homeostasis leading to hepatic lipid droplet formation. Lipid droplets can impair hepatocellular function; therefore, it is of utmost importance to degrade these cellular structures. This requires the normal function of the autophagic-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. We demonstrated in NZO mice, a polygenic model of obesity, which were compared to C57BL/6J (B6) mice, that a high-fat diet leads to obesity and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. This was accompanied by a loss of autophagy efficiency whereas the activity of lysosomal proteases and the 20S proteasome remained unaffected. The disturbance of cellular protein homeostasis was further demonstrated by the accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal modified proteins, which are normally prone to degradation. Therefore, we conclude that fat accumulation in the liver due to a high-fat diet is associated with a failure of autophagy and leads to the disturbance of proteostasis. This might further contribute to lipid droplet stabilization and accumulation.
Large earthquakes can increase the amount of water feeding stream flows, raise groundwater levels, and thus grant plant roots more access to water in water-limited environments. We examine growth and photosynthetic responses of Pine plantations to the Maule M-w 8.8 earthquake in headwater catchments of Chile's Coastal Range. We combine high-resolution wood anatomic (lumen area) and biogeochemical (delta 13C of wood cellulose) proxies of daily to weekly tree growth sampled from trees on floodplains and close to ridge lines. We find that, immediately after the earthquake, at least two out of six tree trees on valley floors had increased lumen area and decreased delta 13C, while trees on hillslopes had a reverse trend. Our results indicate a control of soil water on this response, largely consistent with models that predict how enhanced postseismic vertical soil permeability causes groundwater levels to rise on valley floors, but fall along the ridges. Statistical analysis with boosted regression trees indicates that streamflow discharge gained predictive importance for photosynthetic activity on the ridges, but lost importance on the valley floor after the earthquake. We infer that earthquakes may stimulate ecohydrological conditions favoring tree growth over days to weeks by triggering stomatal opening. The weak and short-lived signals that we identified, however, show that such responses are only valid under water-limited, rather than energy-limited tree, growth. Hence, dendrochronological studies targeted at annual resolution may overlook some earthquake effects on tree vitality.
The use of post-processing heat treatments is often considered a necessary approach to relax high-magnitude residual stresses (RS) formed during the layerwise additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In this work, three heat treatment strategies using temperatures of 450 degrees C, 800 degrees C, and 900 degrees C are applied to austenitic stainless steel 316L samples manufactured by LPBF. These temperatures encompass the suggested lower and upper bounds of heat treatment temperatures of conventionally processed 316L. The relaxation of the RS is characterized by neutron diffraction (ND), and the associated changes of the microstructure are analyzed using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower bound heat treatment variant of 450 degrees C for 4 hours exhibited high tensile and compressive RS. When applying subsequent heat treatments, we show that stress gradients are still observed after applying 800 degrees C for 1 hour but almost completely vanish when applying 900 degrees C for 1 hour. The observed near complete relaxation of the RS appears to be closely related to the evolution of the characteristic subgrain solidification cellular microstructure.
The vertical flux of marine snow particles significantly reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In the mesopelagic zone, a large proportion of the organic carbon carried by sinking particles dissipates thereby escaping long term sequestration. Particle associated prokaryotes are largely responsible for such organic carbon loss. However, links between this important ecosystem flux and ecological processes such as community development of prokaryotes on different particle fractions (sinking vs. non-sinking) are yet virtually unknown. This prevents accurate predictions of mesopelagic organic carbon loss in response to changing ocean dynamics. Using combined measurements of prokaryotic heterotrophic production rates and species richness in the North Atlantic, we reveal that carbon loss rates and associated microbial richness are drastically different with particle fractions. Our results demonstrate a strong negative correlation between prokaryotic carbon losses and species richness. Such a trend may be related to prokaryotes detaching from fast-sinking particles constantly enriching non-sinking associated communities in the mesopelagic zone. Existing global scale data suggest this negative correlation is a widespread feature of mesopelagic microbes.
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission carries magnetometers that are dedicated to enhance the satellite's navigation. After appropriate calibration and characterisation of artificial magnetic disturbances, these observations are valuable assets to characterise the natural variability of Earth's magnetic field. We describe the data pre-processing, the calibration, and characterisation strategy against a high-precision magnetic field model applied to the GRACE-FO magnetic data. During times of geomagnetic quiet conditions, the mean residual to the magnetic model is around 1 nT with standard deviations below 10 nT. The mean difference to data of ESA's Swarm mission, which is dedicated to monitor the Earth's magnetic field, is mainly within +/- 10 nT during conjunctions. The performance of GRACE-FO magnetic data is further discussed on selected scientific examples. During a magnetic storm event in August 2018, GRACE-FO reveals the local time dependence of the magnetospheric ring current signature, which is in good agreement with results from a network of ground magnetic observations. Also, derived field-aligned currents (FACs) are applied to monitor auroral FACs that compare well in amplitude and statistical behaviour for local time, hemisphere, and solar wind conditions to approved earlier findings from other missions including Swarm. On a case event, it is demonstrated that the dual-satellite constellation of GRACE-FO is most suitable to derive the persistence of auroral FACs with scale lengths of 180 km or longer. Due to a relatively larger noise level compared to dedicated magnetic missions, GRACE-FO is especially suitable for high-amplitude event studies. However, GRACE-FO is also sensitive to ionospheric signatures even below the noise level within statistical approaches. The combination with data of dedicated magnetic field missions and other missions carrying non-dedicated magnetometers greatly enhances related scientific perspectives.
Antarctica is the last pristine environment on Earth, its biota being adapted to the harsh and extreme polar climate. Until now, soil formation and vegetation development in continental Antarctica were considered very slow due to the extreme conditions of this polar desert. Since the austral summer 2002/2003, a long-term monitoring network of the terrestrial ecosystems (soils, vegetation, active layer thickness) has been established at Victoria Land (VL) across a > 500 km latitudinal gradient of coastal sites (73 degrees -77 degrees S). In only one decade large ecosystem changes were detected. Climate was characterized by a significant increase of thawing degree days in northern VL and of autumn air temperature. No extreme climatic events (such as hot spells) where detected in the study period. Soil chemistry suffered large quantitative changes, clearly indicating rapid pedogenetic processes. In most soils the upper layers exhibited a strong alkalinization (pH increases up to 3 units) and increases in conductivity, anions and cations (in particular of SO4 and Na). The largest changes were observed in soils with low vegetation cover. Statistically significant differences in soil chemistry were detected between soils with high and low vegetation cover, the former showing lower pH, conductivity, Na and Cl. Most plots exhibited changes of total cover, species richness and floristic composition, with vegetation expansion in soils with low vegetation cover and the largest increase recorded at Apostrophe Island (northern VL). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the main trend of vegetation change, with a shift from lower to higher cover and a secondary trend of change associated with a gradient of water availability, consistent with an increase in water instead of snow. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified the trend of change in soil chemistry with increases in pH, conductivity, anions and cations associated with the concomitant decrease in C, N, NO3, PO4. The RDA confirmed that soil changes were associated with a gradient of vegetation change (from low to high cover) as well as of water availability, as already indirectly outlined by the PCA. Field manipulation experiments carried out at five locations of the network between 73 degrees S and 77 degrees S, simulating increases of precipitation from snow or water additions didn't induce changes in soil pH, indicating that pulse events of snow accumulation or melting could not trigger persistent soil pH changes. These data allow hypothesize the occurrence of a main ecosystem change occurring at regional scale at Victoria Land. The slight air warming and its consequences on soil chemistry and vegetation, further highlight the sensitivity of the fragile Antarctic ecosystems to the consequences of even small changes in climate.
Seafloor spreading at slow rates can be accommodated on large-offset oceanic detachment faults (ODFs), that exhume lower crustal and mantle rocks in footwall domes termed oceanic core complexes (OCCs). Footwall rocks experience large rotation during exhumation, yet important aspects of the kinematics-particularly the relative roles of solid-block rotation and flexure-are not clearly understood. Using a high-resolution numerical model, we explore the exhumation kinematics in the footwall beneath an emergent ODF/OCC. A key feature of the models is that footwall motion is dominated by solid-block rotation, accommodated by the nonplanar, concave-down fault interface. A consequence is that curvature measured along the ODF is representative of a neutral stress configuration, rather than a "bent" one. Instead, it is in the subsequent process of "apparent unbending" that significant flexural stresses are developed in the model footwall. The brittle strain associated with apparent unbending is produced dominantly in extension, beneath the OCC, consistent with earthquake clustering observed in the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
We consider sedimented at a solid wall particles that are immersed in water containing small additives of photosensitive ionic surfactants. It is shown that illumination with an appropriate wavelength, a beam intensity profile, shape and size could lead to a variety of dynamic, both unsteady and steady state, configurations of particles. These dynamic, well-controlled and switchable particle patterns at the wall are due to an emerging diffusio-osmotic flow that takes its origin in the adjacent to the wall electrostatic diffuse layer, where the concentration gradients of surfactant are induced by light. The conventional nonporous particles are passive and can move only with already generated flow. However, porous colloids actively participate themselves in the flow generation mechanism at the wall, which also sets their interactions that can be very long ranged. This light-induced diffusio-osmosis opens novel avenues to manipulate colloidal particles and assemble them to various patterns. We show in particular how to create and split optically the confined regions of particles of tunable size and shape, where well-controlled flow-induced forces on the colloids could result in their crystalline packing, formation of dilute lattices of well-separated particles, and other states.
On the effects of disorder on the ability of oscillatory or directional dynamics to synchronize
(2024)
In this thesis I present a collection of publications of my work, containing analytic results and observations in numerical experiments on the effects of various inhomogeneities, on the ability of coupled oscillators to synchronize their collective dynamics. Most of these works are concerned with the effects of Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise acting on the phase of autonomous oscillators (Secs. 2.1-2.4) or on the direction of higher dimensional state vectors (Secs. 2.5,2.6). I obtain exact and approximate solutions to the non-linear equations governing the distributions of phases, or perform linear stability analysis of the uniform distribution to obtain the transition point from a completely disordered state to partial order or more complicated collective behavior. Other inhomogeneities, that can affect synchronization of coupled oscillators, are irregular, chaotic oscillations or a complex, and possibly random structure in the coupling network. In Section 2.9 I present a new method to define the phase- and frequency linear response function for chaotic oscillators. In Sections 2.4, 2.7 and 2.8 I study synchronization in complex networks of coupled oscillators. Each section in Chapter 2 - Manuscripts, is devoted to one research paper and begins with a list of the main results, a description of my contributions to the work and a short account of the scientific context, i.e. the questions and challenges which started the research and the relation of the work to my other research projects. The manuscripts in this thesis are reproductions of the arXiv versions, i.e. preprints under the creative commons licence.
Mental health of Japanese workers: amotivation mediates self-compassion on mental health problems
(2022)
Workplace mental health is a cause for concern in many countries. Globally, 78% of the workforce experienced impairment of their mental health in 2020. In Japan, more than half of employees are mentally distressed.
Previously, research has identified that self-compassion (i.e., being kind and understanding towards oneself) and work motivation were important to their mental health.
However, how these three components relate to each other remains to be elucidated. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between mental health problems, self-compassion and work motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation).
A cross-sectional design was employed, where 165 Japanese workers completed self-report scales regarding those three components. A correlation and path analyses were conducted.
Mental health problems were positively associated with amotivation and negatively associated with age and self-compassion. While intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation did not mediate the impact of self-compassion on mental health problems, amotivation did.
The findings can help managers and organizational psychologists help identify effective approaches to improving work mental health.
Fungal biotransformation is an attractive synthetic strategy to produce highly specific compounds with chemical functionality in regions of the carbon skeleton that are not easily activated by conventional organic chemistry methods.
In this work, Cladosporium antarcticum isolated from sediments of Glacier Collins in Antarctica was used to obtain novel drimane sesquiterpenoids alcohols with activity against Candida yeast from drimendiol and epidrimendiol. These compounds were produced by the high-yield reduction of polygodial and isotadeonal with NaBH4 in methanol.
Cladosporium antarcticum produced two major products from drimendiol, identified as 9 alpha-hydroxydrimendiol (1, 41.4 mg, 19.4% yield) and 3 beta-hydroxydrimendiol (2, 74.8 mg, 35% yield), whereas the biotransformation of epidrimendiol yielded only one product, 9 beta-hydroxyepidrimendiol (3, 86.6 mg, 41.6% yield).
The products were purified by column chromatography and their structure elucidated by NMR and MS. The antifungal activity of compounds 1-3 was analyzed against Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis, showing that compound 2 has a MIC lower than 15 mu g/mL against the three-pathogenic yeast.
In silico studies suggest that a possible mechanism of action for the novel compounds is the inhibition of the enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, affecting the ergosterol synthesis.
The wetland cover is defined as the spatially homogenous region of a wetland attributed to the underlying biophysical conditions such as vegetation, turbidity, hydric soil, and the amount of water.
Here, we present a novel method to derive the wetland-cover types (WCTs) combining three commonly used multispectral indices, NDVI, MNDWI, and NDTI, in three large Ramsar wetlands located in different geomorphic and climatic settings across India. These wetlands include the Kaabar Tal, a floodplain wetland in east Ganga Plains, Chilika Lagoon, a coastal wetland in eastern India, and Nal Sarovar in semi-arid western India.
The novelty of our approach is that the derived WCTs are stable in space and time, and therefore, a given WCT across different wetlands or within different zones of a large wetland will imply similar underlying biophysical attributes.
The WCTs can therefore provide a novel tool for monitoring and change detection of wetland cover types.
We have automated the proposed WCT algorithm using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment and by developing ArcGIS tools. The method can be implemented on any wetland and using any multispectral imagery dataset with visible and NIR bands.
The proposed methodology is simple yet robust and easy to implement and, therefore, holds significant importance in wetland monitoring and management.
Introduction:
Positively conditioned Pavlovian cues tend to promote approach and negative cues promote withdrawal in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, and the strength of this PIT effect was associated with the subsequent relapse risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients.
When investigating the effect of alcohol-related background cues, instrumental approach behavior was inhibited in subsequent abstainers but not relapsers. An automatic approach bias towards alcohol can be modified using a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention, which has previously been shown to reduce the relapse risk in AD patients. Here we examined the effects of such CBM training on PIT effects and explored its effect on the relapse risk in detoxified AD patients.
Methods:
N = 81 recently detoxified AD patients performed non-drug-related and drug-related PIT tasks before and after CBM versus placebo training. In addition, an alcohol approach/avoidance task (aAAT) was performed before and after the training to assess the alcohol approach bias. Patients were followed up for 6 months.
Results:
A stronger alcohol approach bias as well as a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect predicted relapse status in AD patients. No significant difference regarding relapse status or the number of heavy drinking days was found when comparing the CBM training group versus the placebo group.
Moreover, there was no significant modulation effect of CBM training on any PIT effect or the aAAT.
Conclusion:
A higher alcohol approach bias in the aAAT and a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect both predicted relapse in AD patients, while treatment outcome was not associated with the drug-related PIT effect. Unlike expected, CBM training did not significantly interact with the non-drug-related or the drug-related PIT effects or the alcohol approach bias.
Materials realizing the XY model in two dimensions are sparse.
Here we use neutron triple-axis spectroscopy to investigate the critical static and dynamical magnetic fluctuations in the square-lattice antiferromagnets Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7.
We probe the temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic Bragg intensity, the Q width, the amplitude, and the energy width of the magnetic diffuse scattering in the vicinity of the Neel temperature T-N to determine the critical behavior of the magnetic order parameter M, correlation length xi, susceptibility chi, and the characteristic energy Gamma with the corresponding critical exponents beta, nu, gamma, and z, respectively.
We find that the critical behaviors of the single-layer compound Ca2RuO4 follow universal scaling laws that are compatible with predictions of the two-dimensional (2D) XY model.
The bilayer compound Ca3Ru2O7 is only partly consistent with the 2D XY theory and best described by the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model, which is likely a consequence of the intrabilayer exchange interactions in combination with an orthorhombic single-ion anisotropy.
Hence, our results suggest that layered ruthenates are promising solid-state platforms for research on the 2D XY model and the effects of 3D interactions and additional spin-space anisotropies on the magnetic fluctuations.
Mitochondrial stress-induced GFRAL signaling controls diurnal food intake and anxiety-like behavior
(2022)
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial stressinduced cytokine that modulates energy balance in an endocrine manner.
However, the importance of its brainstem-restricted receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) to mediate endocrine GDF15 signaling to the brain uponmitochondrial dysfunction is still unknown. Using a mouse model with muscle-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, we here show that GFRAL is required for activation of systemic energy metabolism via daytime-restricted anorexia but not responsible for muscle wasting.
We further find that muscle mitochondrial stress response involves a GFRAL-dependent induction of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, without elevated corticosterone levels.
Finally, we identify that GFRAL signaling governs an anxiety-like behavior in male mice with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, with females showing a less robust GFRAL-dependent anxiety-like phenotype.
Together, we here provide novel evidence of a mitochondrial stress-induced muscle-brain crosstalk via the GDF15-GFRAL axis to modulate food intake and anxiogenic behavior.
In star-forming galaxies, the far-infrared (FIR) and radio-continuum luminosities obey a tight empirical relation over a large range of star-formation rates (SFR).
To understand the physics, we examine magnetohydrodynamic galaxy simulations, which follow the genesis of cosmic ray (CR) protons at supernovae and their advective and anisotropic diffusive transport.
We show that gravitational collapse of the proto-galaxy generates a corrugated accretion shock, which injects turbulence and drives a small-scale magnetic dynamo. As the shock propagates outwards and the associated turbulence decays, the large velocity shear between the supersonically rotating cool disc with respect to the (partially) pressure-supported hot circumgalactic medium excites Kelvin-Helmholtz surface and body modes.
Those interact non-linearly, inject additional turbulence and continuously drive multiple small-scale dynamos, which exponentially amplify weak seed magnetic fields.
After saturation at small scales, they grow in scale to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies in Milky Way-mass galaxies. In small galaxies, the magnetic energy saturates at the turbulent energy while it fails to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies.
We solve for steady-state spectra of CR protons, secondary electrons/positrons from hadronic CR-proton interactions with the interstellar medium, and primary shock-accelerated electrons at supernovae.
The radio-synchrotron emission is dominated by primary electrons, irradiates the magnetized disc and bulge of our simulated Milky Way-mass galaxy and weakly traces bubble-shaped magnetically loaded outflows.
Our star-forming and star-bursting galaxies with saturated magnetic fields match the global FIR-radio correlation (FRC) across four orders of magnitude. Its intrinsic scatter arises due to (i) different magnetic saturation levels that result from different seed magnetic fields, (ii) different radio synchrotron luminosities for different specific SFRs at fixed SFR, and (iii) a varying radio intensity with galactic inclination.
In agreement with observations, several 100-pc-sized regions within star-forming galaxies also obey the FRC, while the centres of starbursts substantially exceed the FRC.
A key in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the assessment of the immune status of the population. We explored the utility of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as antigens to detect specific humoral immune reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
For this purpose, SARS-CoV-2 VLPs were produced from an engineered cell line and characterized by Western blot, ELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis.
Subsequently, we collected 42 serum samples from before the pandemic (2014), 89 samples from healthy subjects, and 38 samples from vaccinated subjects. Seventeen samples were collected less than three weeks after infection, and forty-four samples more than three weeks after infection.
All serum samples were characterized for their reactivity with VLPs and the SARS-CoV-2 N- and S-protein.
Finally, we compared the performance of the VLP-based ELISA with a certified in vitro diagnostic device (IVD). In the applied set of samples, we determined a sensitivity of 95.5% and a specificity of 100% for the certified IVD.
There were seven samples with an uncertain outcome. Our VLP-ELISA demonstrated a superior performance, with a sensitivity of 97.5%, a specificity of 100%, and only three uncertain outcomes.
This result warrants further research to develop a certified IVD based on SARS-CoV-2 VLPs as an antigen.
Data preparation stands as a cornerstone in the landscape of data science workflows, commanding a significant portion—approximately 80%—of a data scientist's time. The extensive time consumption in data preparation is primarily attributed to the intricate challenge faced by data scientists in devising tailored solutions for downstream tasks. This complexity is further magnified by the inadequate availability of metadata, the often ad-hoc nature of preparation tasks, and the necessity for data scientists to grapple with a diverse range of sophisticated tools, each presenting its unique intricacies and demands for proficiency.
Previous research in data management has traditionally concentrated on preparing the content within columns and rows of a relational table, addressing tasks, such as string disambiguation, date standardization, or numeric value normalization, commonly referred to as data cleaning. This focus assumes a perfectly structured input table. Consequently, the mentioned data cleaning tasks can be effectively applied only after the table has been successfully loaded into the respective data cleaning environment, typically in the later stages of the data processing pipeline.
While current data cleaning tools are well-suited for relational tables, extensive data repositories frequently contain data stored in plain text files, such as CSV files, due to their adaptable standard. Consequently, these files often exhibit tables with a flexible layout of rows and columns, lacking a relational structure. This flexibility often results in data being distributed across cells in arbitrary positions, typically guided by user-specified formatting guidelines.
Effectively extracting and leveraging these tables in subsequent processing stages necessitates accurate parsing. This thesis emphasizes what we define as the “structure” of a data file—the fundamental characters within a file essential for parsing and comprehending its content. Concentrating on the initial stages of the data preprocessing pipeline, this thesis addresses two crucial aspects: comprehending the structural layout of a table within a raw data file and automatically identifying and rectifying any structural issues that might hinder its parsing. Although these issues may not directly impact the table's content, they pose significant challenges in parsing the table within the file.
Our initial contribution comprises an extensive survey of commercially available data preparation tools. This survey thoroughly examines their distinct features, the lacking features, and the necessity for preliminary data processing despite these tools. The primary goal is to elucidate the current state-of-the-art in data preparation systems while identifying areas for enhancement. Furthermore, the survey explores the encountered challenges in data preprocessing, emphasizing opportunities for future research and improvement.
Next, we propose a novel data preparation pipeline designed for detecting and correcting structural errors. The aim of this pipeline is to assist users at the initial preprocessing stage by ensuring the correct loading of their data into their preferred systems. Our approach begins by introducing SURAGH, an unsupervised system that utilizes a pattern-based method to identify dominant patterns within a file, independent of external information, such as data types, row structures, or schemata. By identifying deviations from the dominant pattern, it detects ill-formed rows. Subsequently, our structure correction system, TASHEEH, gathers the identified ill-formed rows along with dominant patterns and employs a novel pattern transformation algebra to automatically rectify errors. Our pipeline serves as an end-to-end solution, transforming a structurally broken CSV file into a well-formatted one, usually suitable for seamless loading.
Finally, we introduce MORPHER, a user-friendly GUI integrating the functionalities of both SURAGH and TASHEEH. This interface empowers users to access the pipeline's features through visual elements. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our data preparation systems, requiring no user involvement. Both SURAGH and TASHEEH outperform existing state-of-the-art methods significantly in both precision and recall.
Adults' ratings of children's personality have been found to be more closely associated with academic performance than children's self-reports. However, less is known about the relevance of the unique perspectives held by specific adult observers such as teachers and parents for explaining variance in academic performance. In this study, we applied bifactor (S-1) models for 1411 elementary school children to investigate the relative merits of teacher and parent ratings of children's personalities for academic performance above and beyond the children's self-reports. We examined these associations using standardized achievement test scores in addition to grades. We found that teachers' unique views on children's openness and conscientiousness had the strongest associations with academic performance. Parents' unique views on children's neuroticism showed incremental associations above teacher ratings or self-reports. For extraversion and agreeableness, however, children's self-reports were more strongly associated with academic performance than teacher or parent ratings. These results highlight the differential value of using multiple informants when explaining academic performance with personality traits.
Das Anliegen der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Vermittlung des antiken Verhältnisses zwischen Mensch und natürlicher Umgebung im Lateinunterricht sowie ein Vergleich mit der heutigen Situation. Die Ergründung jenes Verhältnisses erfolgt am Beispiel des antiken Bergbaus, eines besonders anschaulichen Feldes der Umweltgeschichte. Denn es weist ein hohes Maß an Aktualität auf sowie ein großes Potential, aus der Beschäftigung mit ihm Erkenntnisse für die Gegenwart zu gewinnen.
Vorgelegt wird eine Unterrichtskonzeption, die zugleich eine Analyse der menschlichen Naturwahrnehmung vornimmt. Zunächst wird dabei die Heterogenität dieser Wahrnehmung in der Antike aufgezeigt und in Bezug zur damals geäußerten Kritik am Bergbau gesetzt. Anschließend werden folgende Teilaspekte behandelt: 1. die antike bergbauliche Technik und Praxis, 2. die damals herrschenden Arbeitsbedingungen, 3. die gewonnenen Rohstoffe und ihre Verwendung sowie 4. die Folgen des Bergbaus für Mensch und Umwelt. Der didaktische Teil besteht aus einem Entwurf für drei Doppelstunden. Er enthält die Lehrmaterialien, die jeweiligen Erläuterungen und den Erwartungshorizont.
Rising childhood obesity with its detrimental health consequences poses a challenge to the health care system. Community-based, multi-setting interventions with the participatory involvement of relevant stakeholders are emerging as promising. To gain insights into the structural and processual characteristics of stakeholder networks, conducting a network analysis (NA) is advisable. Within the program "Family+-Healthy Living Together in Families and Schools", a network analysis was conducted in two rural model regions and one urban model region. Relevant stakeholders were identified in 2020-2021 through expert interviews and interviewed by telephone to elicit key variables such as frequency of contact and intensity of collaboration. Throughout the NA, characteristics such as density, centrality, and connectedness were analyzed and are presented graphically. Due to the differences in the number of inhabitants and the rural or urban structure of the model regions, the three networks (network#1, network#2, and network#3) included 20, 14, and 12 stakeholders, respectively. All networks had similar densities (network#1, 48%; network#2, 52%; network#3, 42%), whereas the degree centrality of network#1 (0.57) and network#3 (0.58) was one-third higher compared with network#2 (0.39). All three networks differed in the distribution of stakeholders in terms of field of expertise and structural orientation. On average, stakeholders exchanged information quarterly and were connected on an informal level. Based on the results of the NA, it appears to be useful to initialize a community health facilitator to involve relevant stakeholders from the education, sports, and health systems in projects and to strive for the goal of sustainable health promotion, regardless of the rural or urban structure of the region. Participatory involvement of relevant stakeholders can have a positive influence on the effective dissemination of information and networking with other stakeholders.
The Alpine mountains in central Europe are characterized by a heterogeneous crust accumulating different tectonic units and blocks in close proximity to sedimentary foreland basins. Centroid moment tensor inversion provides insight into the faulting mechanisms of earthquakes and related tectonic processes but is significantly aggravated in such an environment. Thanks to the dense AlpArray seismic network and our flexible bootstrap-based inversion tool Grond, we are able to test different setups with respect to the uncertainties of the obtained moment tensors and centroid locations. We evaluate the influence of frequency bands, azimuthal gaps, input data types, and distance ranges and study the occurrence and reliability of non-double-couple (DC) components. We infer that for most earthquakes (M-w >= 3.3) a combination of time domain full waveforms and frequency domain amplitude spectra in a frequency band of 0.02-0.07 Hz is suitable. Relying on the results of our methodological tests, we perform deviatoric moment tensor (MT) inversions for events with M-w > 3.0. Here, we present 75 solutions for earthquakes between January 2016 and December 2019 and analyze our results in the seismotectonic context of historical earthquakes, seismic activity of the last 3 decades, and GNSS deformation data. We study regions of comparably high seismic activity during the last decades, namely the Western Alps, the region around Lake Garda, and the eastern Southern Alps, as well as clusters further from the study region, i.e., in the northern Dinarides and the Apennines. Seismicity is particularly low in the Eastern Alps and in parts of the Central Alps. We apply a clustering algorithm to focal mechanisms, considering additional mechanisms from existing catalogs. Related to the N-S compressional regime, E-W-to-ENE-WSW-striking thrust faulting is mainly observed in the Friuli area in the eastern Southern Alps. Strike-slip faulting with a similarly oriented pressure axis is observed along the northern margin of the Central Alps and in the northern Dinarides. NW-SE-striking normal faulting is observed in the NW Alps, showing a similar strike direction to normal faulting earthquakes in the Apennines. Both our centroid depths and hypocentral depths in existing catalogs indicate that Alpine seismicity is predominantly very shallow; about 80% of the studied events have depths shallower than 10 km.
The magnitude of earthquakes on continental normal faults rarely exceeds 7.0 Mw. However, because of their vicinity to large population centers they can be highly destructive.
Long recurrence time, relatively small deformations, and limited observations hinder our understanding of the deformation patterns and mechanisms controlling the magnitude of events.
Here, this problem is addressed with 2D thermomechanical modeling of normal fault seismic cycles.
The 2020 Samos, Greece Mw7.0 earthquake is used as an example as it is one of the largest and most studied continental normal fault earthquakes. The modeling approach employs visco-elasto-plastic rheology, compressibility, free surface, and a rate-and-state friction law for the fault.
Modeling of the Samos earthquake suggests the pore fluid pressure ratio on the fault ranges from 0 to 0.7. The model demonstrates that most of the deformation during interseismic and coseismic periods, besides on the fault, occurs in the hanging wall and footwall below the seismogenic part of the fault. The largest vertical surface displacement during the earthquake is the subsidence of the hanging wall in the vicinity of the fault, while the uplift of the footwall and remote part of the hanging wall is significantly smaller.
Modeling of the seismic cycles on normal faults with different setups shows the dependency of the magnitude on the thermal profile and dipping angle of the fault; low heat flow and low dipping angle are favorable conditions for the largest events, while steep normal faults in the areas of high heat flow tend to have the smallest magnitudes.
In a warming Arctic, permafrost-related disturbances, such as retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS), are becoming more abundant and dynamic, with serious implications for permafrost stability and bio-geochemical cycles on local to regional scales. Despite recent advances in the field of earth observation, many of these have remained undetected as RTS are highly dynamic, small, and scattered across the remote permafrost region. Here, we assessed the potential strengths and limitations of using deep learning for the automatic segmentation of RTS using PlanetScope satellite imagery, ArcticDEM and auxiliary datasets. We analyzed the transferability and potential for pan-Arctic upscaling and regional cross-validation, with independent training and validation regions, in six different thaw slump-affected regions in Canada and Russia. We further tested state-of-the-art model architectures (UNet, UNet++, DeepLabv3) and encoder networks to find optimal model configurations for potential upscaling to continental scales. The best deep learning models achieved mixed results from good to very good agreement in four of the six regions (maxIoU: 0.39 to 0.58; Lena River, Horton Delta, Herschel Island, Kolguev Island), while they failed in two regions (Banks Island, Tuktoyaktuk). Of the tested architectures, UNet++ performed the best. The large variance in regional performance highlights the requirement for a sufficient quantity, quality and spatial variability in the training data used for segmenting RTS across diverse permafrost landscapes, in varying environmental conditions. With our highly automated and configurable workflow, we see great potential for the transfer to active RTS clusters (e.g., Peel Plateau) and upscaling to much larger regions.
Background Mass gatherings (MGs) such as music festivals and sports events have been associated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. On-site research can foster knowledge of risk factors for infections and improve risk assessments and precautionary measures at future MGs. We tested a web-based participatory disease surveillance tool to detect COVID-19 infections at and after an outdoor MG by collecting self-reported COVID-19 symptoms and tests. Methods We conducted a digital prospective observational cohort study among fully immunized attendees of a sports festival that took place from September 2 to 5, 2021 in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Participants used our study app to report demographic data, COVID-19 tests, symptoms, and their contact behavior. This self-reported data was used to define probable and confirmed COVID-19 cases for the full "study period" (08/12/2021 - 10/31/2021) and within the 14-day "surveillance period" during and after the MG, with the highest likelihood of an MG-related COVID-19 outbreak (09/04/2021 - 09/17/2021). Results A total of 2,808 of 9,242 (30.4%) event attendees participated in the study. Within the study period, 776 individual symptoms and 5,255 COVID-19 tests were reported. During the 14-day surveillance period around and after the MG, seven probable and seven PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases were detected. The confirmed cases translated to an estimated seven-day incidence of 125 per 100,000 participants (95% CI [67.7/100,000, 223/100,000]), which was comparable to the average age-matched incidence in Germany during this time. Overall, weekly numbers of COVID-19 cases were fluctuating over the study period, with another increase at the end of the study period. Conclusion COVID-19 cases attributable to the mass gathering were comparable to the Germany-wide age-matched incidence, implicating that our active participatory disease surveillance tool was able to detect MG-related infections. Further studies are needed to evaluate and apply our participatory disease surveillance tool in other mass gathering settings.
The formation of the Central Andes dates back to similar to 50 Ma, but its most pronounced episode, including the growth of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau and pulsatile tectonic shortening phases, occurred within the last 25 Ma.
The reason for this evolution remains unexplained. Using geodynamic numerical modeling we infer that the primary cause of the pulses of tectonic shortening and growth of the Central Andes is the changing geometry of the subducted Nazca plate, and particularly the steepening of the mid-mantle slab segment which results in a slowing down of the trench retreat and subsequent increase in shortening of the advancing South America plate.
This steepening first happens after the end of the flat slab episode at similar to 25 Ma, and later during the buckling and stagnation of the slab in the mantle transition zone. Processes that mechanically weaken the lithosphere of the South America plate, as suggested in previous studies, enhance the intensity of the shortening events.
These processes include delamination of the mantle lithosphere and weakening of foreland sediments.
Our new modeling results are consistent with the timing and amplitude of the deformation from geological data in the Central Andes at the Altiplano latitude.
Plain Language Summary
The Central Andes is a subduction-type orogeny that formed as a result of the interaction between the Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate over the last 50 million years. Growth of the Andes is primarily the result of crustal shortening. Nevertheless, "geological" data compiled from previous studies have shown that phases of drastic pulsatile shortening occur at 15 and 5 Ma.
In this study, we used high-resolution 2D numerical geodynamic simulations to investigate the link between oceanic and continental plate dynamics and their interaction. We find that when the oceanic plate steepens in the mantle transition zone, the trench retreat is hindered. Coupled with the weakening of the continental plate through the slab flattening and subsequent delamination of the lithospheric mantle, this leads to pulsatile shortening phases of a magnitude equivalent to that suggested by the data.