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- asymptotical normal distribution (1)
- asymptotics (1)
- asymptotics of solutions (1)
- asymptotische Entwicklung (1)
- asymptotische Normalverteilung (1)
- attenuated Radon transform (1)
- aurora (1)
- autonomic nervous system (1)
- backtrajectories; (1)
- balanced dynamics (1)
- bar with variable cross-section (1)
- basic ideas ('Grundvorstellungen') (1)
- bayessche Inferenz (1)
- bedingter Erwartungswert (1)
- bending of an orthotropic cusped plate (1)
- beta-functions (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological population equations (1)
- birhythmic behavior (1)
- black hole (1)
- black holes (1)
- body mass index procedure (1)
- body surface area (1)
- boun- dedness (1)
- boundary conditions (1)
- boundary element method (1)
- boundary values problems (1)
- bounds (1)
- branching processes (1)
- bridges of random walks (1)
- bundles (1)
- calculation (1)
- calculus of variations (1)
- canonical Marcus integration (1)
- canonical discretization schemes (1)
- category equivalence of clones (1)
- cell motility (1)
- certolizumab pegol (1)
- chain of semigroups (1)
- characteristic boundary point (1)
- characteristic points (1)
- characterization of point processes (1)
- chemical master equation (1)
- chemistry (1)
- classical and quantum reduction (1)
- classification with partial labels (1)
- clathrin (1)
- clone of operations (1)
- cluster analysis (1)
- clustering (1)
- coated and absorbing aerosols (1)
- coercivity (1)
- coherent set (1)
- collegial supervision (1)
- coloration of terms (1)
- colored solid varieties (1)
- compact resolvent (1)
- companies (1)
- comparison principle (1)
- completeness (1)
- completeness levels (1)
- complex systems (1)
- composition of terms (1)
- composition operator (1)
- compound Poisson processes (1)
- compound polyhedra (1)
- compressible Euler equations (1)
- computational biology (1)
- concentration (1)
- concentration inequalities (1)
- condition number (1)
- conditional Bayes factors (1)
- conditional Wiener measure (1)
- conditional expectation value (1)
- conditioned (1)
- conditioned Feller diffusion (1)
- conditions (1)
- conditions of success (1)
- confidence interval (1)
- confidence intervals (1)
- congruence (1)
- connections (1)
- conormal asymptotic expansions (1)
- conormal asymptotics (1)
- conormal symbols (1)
- conservation laws (1)
- conservative discretization (1)
- constitutive relations (1)
- constrained Hamiltonian systems (1)
- contact transformations (1)
- continuity in Sobolev spaces with double weights (1)
- continuous testing (1)
- continuous time Markov Chains (1)
- continuous time Markov chain (1)
- continuous-time data assimilation (1)
- control theory (1)
- convergence assessment (1)
- convergence rate (1)
- corner parametrices (1)
- corona virus (1)
- correlated noise (1)
- coupled solution (1)
- covering (1)
- critical and subcritical Dawson-Watanabe process (1)
- criticality theorem (1)
- crohn's disease (1)
- crossed product (1)
- curvature varifold (1)
- cusp (1)
- cusped bar (1)
- das Cauchyproblem (1)
- das Goursatproblem (1)
- das charakteristische Cauchyproblem (1)
- data-driven (1)
- dbar-Neumann problem (1)
- de Sitter model ; Fundamental solutions ; Decay estimates (1)
- decay of eigenfunctions (1)
- decomposition (1)
- deformation quantization (1)
- degenerate elliptic equations (1)
- degenerate elliptic systems (1)
- delaney-dress tiling theory (1)
- density estimation (1)
- density of a measure (1)
- design elements (1)
- design research (1)
- determinant (1)
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- determinantische Punktprozesse (1)
- dht-symmetric category (1)
- die linearisierte Einsteingleichung (1)
- differential cohomology (1)
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- diffusion maps (1)
- diffusion process (1)
- dimension functional (1)
- dimension reduction (1)
- direct and indirect climate observations (1)
- direkte und indirekte Klimaobservablen (1)
- disagreement percolation (1)
- discontinuous Robin condition (1)
- discontinuous drift (1)
- discrete Schrodinger (1)
- discrete Witten complex (1)
- discrete saymptotic types (1)
- discrete spectrum (1)
- disease activity (1)
- disjunction of identities (1)
- diskontinuierliche Drift (1)
- diskreter Witten-Laplace-Operator (1)
- distorted Brownian motion (1)
- distribution (1)
- distribution with asymptotics (1)
- distributional boundary (1)
- distributions with one-sided support (1)
- division algebras (1)
- division ring of fractions (1)
- division rings (1)
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- divisors (1)
- domains with singularities (1)
- doppelsemigroup (1)
- drug monitoring (1)
- duale IT-Ausbildung (1)
- duality formulae (1)
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- dynamical system (1)
- dynamical system representation (1)
- e-Assessment (1)
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- early mathematical education (1)
- earthquake precursor (1)
- edge Sobolev spaces (1)
- edge algebra (1)
- edge boundary value problems (1)
- edge quantizations (1)
- edge spaces (1)
- edge symbol (1)
- edge- and corner-degenerate symbols (1)
- eigenfunction (1)
- eigenvalue asymptotics (1)
- eigenvalue decay (1)
- elastic bar (1)
- elasticity (1)
- electrodynamics (1)
- elliptic boundary (1)
- elliptic boundary conditions (1)
- elliptic complex (1)
- elliptic differential operators of firstorder (1)
- elliptic equation (1)
- elliptic functions (1)
- elliptic morphism (1)
- elliptic operators in subspaces (1)
- elliptic operators on non-compact manifolds (1)
- elliptic problem (1)
- elliptic problems (1)
- elliptic quasicomplexes (1)
- elliptic systems (1)
- ellipticity in the edge calculus (1)
- ellipticity of cone operators (1)
- ellipticity of corners operators (1)
- ellipticity with interface conditions (1)
- ellipticity with parameter (1)
- ellipticity with respect to interior and edge symbols (1)
- elliptische Gleichungen (1)
- elliptische Quasi-Komplexe (1)
- embedded Markov chain (1)
- embeddings (1)
- empirical Wasserstein distance (1)
- endomorphism semigroup (1)
- energetic space (1)
- enlargement of filtration (1)
- ensembles (1)
- entropy (1)
- equation of motion (1)
- equatorial ionization anomaly (1)
- equatorial ionosphere (1)
- equatorial plasma bubbles (1)
- equivalence (1)
- ergodic diffusion processes (1)
- ergodic rates (1)
- error diagram (1)
- erste Variation (1)
- essential position in terms (1)
- estimation of regression (1)
- eta forms (1)
- exact simulation method (1)
- exact simulation methods (1)
- exact solution (1)
- exakte Simulation (1)
- exchange algorithms (1)
- exercise collection (1)
- exit calculus (1)
- exponential decay (1)
- exponential function (1)
- exponential stability (1)
- exterior tensor product (1)
- extinction probability (1)
- eye movements (1)
- false discovery rate (1)
- fat-free mass (1)
- feedback (1)
- feedback particle filter (1)
- fence-preserving transformations (1)
- fibration (1)
- fibre coordinates (1)
- fibroblasts (1)
- field-aligned currents (1)
- filtering (1)
- finite transformation semigroup (1)
- finiteness theorem (1)
- finsler distance (1)
- first exit location (1)
- first exit times (1)
- first passage times (1)
- first variation (1)
- fixational eye movements (1)
- fixed point formula (1)
- flocking (1)
- flood loss estimation (1)
- fluid mechanics (1)
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- foliated diffusion (1)
- force unification (1)
- forcing from below (1)
- fore-casting (1)
- formal (1)
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- formulas (1)
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- fracture (1)
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- fully non-linear degenerate parabolic equations (1)
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- fundamental solution (1)
- game (1)
- game-based (1)
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- gauge group (1)
- generalized Abelian gauge theory (1)
- generalized Bruck-Reilly *-extension (1)
- generalized Laplace operator (1)
- generalized eigenfunction (1)
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- generating sets (1)
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- geometric optics approximation (1)
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- geopotential theory (1)
- geordnete Gruppen von Conrad-Typ (1)
- global exact boundary controllability (1)
- global solution (1)
- global solutions (1)
- global-hyperbolisch (1)
- globally hyperbolic (1)
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- good-inner function (1)
- goodness of fit (1)
- goodness-of-fit (1)
- goodness-of-fit testing (1)
- gradient-free (1)
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- graph (1)
- graph Laplacian (1)
- graph theory (1)
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- gravitational wave (1)
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- group (1)
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- groups (1)
- guiding idea “Daten und Zufall” (1)
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- heavy-tailed distributions (1)
- helicates (1)
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- high-dimensional inference (1)
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- higher singularities (1)
- highly (1)
- history of branching processes (1)
- hitting times (1)
- holomorphic function (1)
- holonomic constraints (1)
- host-parasite stochastic particle system (1)
- hybrid model (1)
- hybrids (1)
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- idealised turbulence (1)
- idleness (1)
- ill-posed (1)
- ill-posed problems (1)
- illposed problem (1)
- indecomposable varifold (1)
- independent splittings (1)
- index formula (1)
- index of elliptic operator (1)
- index of stability (1)
- inegral formulas (1)
- infinitesimal generator (1)
- infliximab dosing (1)
- initial boundary value problem (1)
- instability of the process (1)
- integral Fourier operators (1)
- integral equation (1)
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- integration by parts on path space (1)
- interacting particles (1)
- interassociativity (1)
- interfaces with conical singularities (1)
- interindividual differences (1)
- intrinsic diameter (1)
- intrinsischer Diameter (1)
- invariance (1)
- invariant (1)
- inverse Probleme (1)
- inverse Sturm-Liouville problems (1)
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- inverse problem (1)
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- inverse theory (1)
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- ionospheric precursors of earthquakes (1)
- isoperimetric estimates (1)
- isoperimetric inequality (1)
- isoperimetrische Ungleichung (1)
- iterated asymptotics (1)
- jump processes (1)
- k-means clustering (1)
- kanten- und ecken-entartete Symbole (1)
- kernel estimator of the hazard rate (1)
- kernel method (1)
- kernel operator (1)
- kernel-based Bayesian inference (1)
- kernel-basierte Bayes'sche Inferenz (1)
- kleine Parameter (1)
- kollegiale Supervision (1)
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- large-scale mechanistic systems (1)
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- lattice point (1)
- learning (1)
- learning rates (1)
- least favorable configuration (1)
- least squares estimator (1)
- left ordered groups (1)
- left-right asymmetry (1)
- lifespan (1)
- likelihood function (1)
- limit theorem (1)
- limit theorem for integrated squared difference (1)
- limiting distribution (1)
- linear fractional case (1)
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- locality principle (1)
- locally indicable (1)
- locally indicable group (1)
- log-concavity (1)
- logarithmic convergence rate (1)
- logarithmic residue (1)
- logic (1)
- logistic regression analysis (1)
- logistische Regression (1)
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- long-time corrections (1)
- low rank matrix recovery (1)
- low rank recovery (1)
- low-lying eignvalues (1)
- low-rank approximations (1)
- lumping (1)
- macromolecular decay (1)
- magnetic (1)
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- magnetic field variations through (1)
- magnetisch (1)
- magnitude errors (1)
- makromolekularer Zerfall (1)
- manifold (1)
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- manifolds with boundary (1)
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- manifolds with cusps (1)
- manifolds with edge (1)
- manifolds with edge and boundary (1)
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- mapping class (1)
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- mapping class groups (1)
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- matching of asymptotic expansions (1)
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- method (1)
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- minor planets, asteroids: individual: (162173) Ryugu (1)
- mit Anwendungen in der Laufzeittomographie, Seismischer Quellinversion und Magnetfeldmodellierung (1)
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- multiple testing; (1)
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- operators (1)
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- oracle inequalities (1)
- oracle inequality (1)
- oral anticancer drugs (1)
- order continuous norm (1)
- order filtration (1)
- order reduction (1)
- order-preserving (1)
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- ordered group (1)
- orientation-preserving (1)
- orientation-preserving and orientation-reversing transformations (1)
- orientation-preserving transformations (1)
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- parameter-dependent pseudodifferential operators (1)
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- parity condition (1)
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- part-whole concept (1)
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- permanental and determinantal point processes (MSC 2010) 35K55 (1)
- permanental- (1)
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- stochastic Burgers equations (1)
- stochastic Marcus (canonical) differential equation (1)
- stochastic bridges (1)
- stochastic completeness (1)
- stochastic interacting particles (1)
- stochastic mechanics (1)
- stochastic models (1)
- stochastic process (1)
- stochastic reaction diffusion equation with heavy-tailed Levy noise (1)
- stochastic systems (1)
- stochastics (1)
- stochastische Anordnung (1)
- stochastische Differentialgleichungen (1)
- stochastische Mechanik (1)
- stochastische Zellulare Automaten (1)
- stochastisches interagierendes System (1)
- stress variability (1)
- strong semilattice of semigroups (1)
- strongly Hughes-free (1)
- strongly pseudoconvex domains (1)
- strongly tempered stable Levy measure (1)
- structure formation (1)
- structured cantilever (1)
- structured numbers (1)
- strukturierte Zahlen (1)
- sub-grid scale (1)
- subRiemannian geometry (1)
- subspaces (1)
- supergeometry (1)
- superposition (1)
- superposition of n-ary operations and n-ary (1)
- superposition of operations (1)
- surrogate loss (1)
- survival analysis (1)
- symbols (1)
- symmetry group (1)
- symplectic (canonical) transformations (1)
- symplectic manifold (1)
- symplectic methods (1)
- symplectic reduction (1)
- system Lame (1)
- systems of partial differential equations (1)
- systems pharmacology (1)
- target dimensions (1)
- targeted antineoplastic drugs (1)
- teacher training mathematics (1)
- teaching (1)
- temporal discretization (1)
- terms (1)
- terms and (1)
- terrigener Staub (1)
- terrigenous dust (1)
- test ability (1)
- tetration (1)
- the Dirichlet problem (1)
- the Goursat problem (1)
- the characteristic Cauchy problem (1)
- the first boundary value problem (1)
- the linearised Einstein equation (1)
- theorem (1)
- theory (1)
- therapeutic (1)
- thermospheric wind (1)
- thymoproteasome (1)
- thymus (1)
- tiling theory (1)
- time (1)
- time reversal (1)
- time series (1)
- time series with heavy tails (1)
- time symmetry (1)
- tomogrphy (1)
- topic modeling (1)
- torsion forms (1)
- tracer tomography (1)
- transceiver (TRX) (1)
- transdimensional inversion (1)
- transformation (1)
- transformation semigroups (1)
- transformations on infinite set (1)
- transition paths (1)
- trapped surfaces (1)
- travel time tomography (1)
- triply periodic minimal surface (1)
- truncated SVD (1)
- two-dimensional topology (1)
- two-level interacting processes (1)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (1)
- ulcerative colitis (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- unendlich teilbare Punktprozesse (1)
- unendliche Teilbarkeit (1)
- uniform compact attractor (1)
- uniqueness (1)
- universal Hopf algebra of renormalization (1)
- unknown variance (1)
- unsteady flow (1)
- unzerlegbare Varifaltigkeit (1)
- upper atmosphere model (1)
- vagal sympathetic activity (1)
- value problems (1)
- variable projection method (1)
- variational calculus (1)
- variational iteration method (1)
- variational principle (1)
- varifold (1)
- verification (1)
- vibration (1)
- video study (1)
- viral fitness (1)
- wahrscheinlichkeitserzeugende Funktion (1)
- wave structure (1)
- wavelet analysis (1)
- weak dependence (1)
- weakly almost periodic (1)
- weiche Materie (1)
- weight-based formulations (1)
- weighted (1)
- weighted Hölder spaces (1)
- weighted Sobolev space (1)
- weighted Sobolev spaces (1)
- weighted Sobolev spaces with discrete saymptotics (1)
- weighted edge and corner spaces (1)
- weighted graphs (1)
- weighted spaces with asymptotics (1)
- well-posedness (1)
- zero-noise limit (1)
- zufällige Summe (1)
- η-invariant (1)
- когомологии (1)
- комплекс де Рама (1)
- проблема Неймана (1)
- теория Ходжа (1)
- ∂-operator (1)
Institute
- Institut für Mathematik (2136) (remove)
Übungsbuch zur Stochastik
(2023)
Dieses Buch stellt Übungen zu den Grundbegriffen und Grundsätzen der Stochastik und ihre Lösungen zur Verfügung. So wie man Tonleitern in der Musik trainiert, so berechnet man Übungsaufgaben in der Mathematik. In diesem Sinne soll dieses Übungsbuch vor allem als Vorlage dienen für das eigenständige, eigenverantwortliche Lernen und Üben.
Die Schönheit und Einzigartigkeit der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie besteht darin, dass sie eine Vielzahl von realen Phänomenen modellieren kann. Daher findet man hier Aufgaben mit Verbindungen zur Geometrie, zu Glücksspielen, zur Versicherungsmathematik, zur Demographie und vielen anderen Themen.
Aus dem Inhalt: 1 Abraham Wald (1902-1950) 2 Einführung der Grundbegriffe. Einige technische bekannte Ergebnisse 2.1 Martingal und Doob-Ungleichung 2.2 Brownsche Bewegung und spezielle Martingale 2.3 Gleichgradige Integrierbarkeit von Prozessen 2.4 Gestopptes Martingal 2.5 Optionaler Stoppsatz von Doob 2.6 Lokales Martingal 2.7 Quadratische Variation 2.8 Die Dichte der ersten einseitigen Überschreitungszeit der Brown- schen Bewegung 2.9 Waldidentitäten für die Überschreitungszeiten der Brownschen Bewegung 3 Erste Waldidentität 3.1 Burkholder, Gundy und Davis Ungleichungen der gestoppten Brown- schen Bewegung 3.2 Erste Waldidentität für die Brownsche Bewegung 3.3 Verfeinerungen der ersten Waldidentität 3.4 Stärkere Verfeinerung der ersten Waldidentität für die Brown- schen Bewegung 3.5 Verfeinerung der ersten Waldidentität für spezielle Stoppzeiten der Brownschen Bewegung 3.6 Beispiele für lokale Martingale für die Verfeinerung der ersten Waldidentität 3.7 Überschreitungszeiten der Brownschen Bewegung für nichtlineare Schranken 4 Zweite Waldidentität 4.1 Zweite Waldidentität für die Brownsche Bewegung 4.2 Anwendungen der ersten und zweitenWaldidentität für die Brown- schen Bewegung 5 Dritte Waldidentität 5.1 Dritte Waldidentität für die Brownsche Bewegung 5.2 Verfeinerung der dritten Waldidentität 5.3 Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Verfeinerung der drittenWal- didentität 5.4 Verfeinerung der dritten Waldidentität für spezielle Stoppzeiten der Brownschen Bewegung 6 Waldidentitäten im Mehrdimensionalen 6.1 Erste Waldidentität im Mehrdimensionalen 6.2 Zweite Waldidentität im Mehrdimensionalen 6.3 Dritte Waldidentität im Mehrdimensionalen 7 Appendix
Zwölf Punkte auf einer Kugel
(1994)
Die Bienaymé-Galton-Watson Prozesse können für die Untersuchung von speziellen und sich entwickelnden Populationen verwendet werden. Die Populationen umfassen Individuen, welche sich identisch, zufällig, selbstständig und unabhängig voneinander fortpflanzen und die jeweils nur eine Generation existieren. Die n-te Generation ergibt sich als zufällige Summe der Individuen der (n-1)-ten Generation. Die Relevanz dieser Prozesse begründet sich innerhalb der Historie und der inner- und außermathematischen Bedeutung. Die Geschichte der Bienaymé-Galton-Watson-Prozesse wird anhand der Entwicklung des Konzeptes bis heute dargestellt. Dabei werden die Wissenschaftler:innen verschiedener Disziplinen angeführt, die Erkenntnisse zu dem Themengebiet beigetragen und das Konzept in ihren Fachbereichen angeführt haben. Somit ergibt sich die außermathematische Signifikanz. Des Weiteren erhält man die innermathematische Bedeutsamkeit mittels des Konzeptes der Verzweigungsprozesse, welches auf die Bienaymé-Galton-Watson Prozesse zurückzuführen ist. Die Verzweigungsprozesse stellen eines der aussagekräftigsten Modelle für die Beschreibung des Populationswachstums dar. Darüber hinaus besteht die derzeitige Wichtigkeit durch die Anwendungsmöglichkeit der Verzweigungsprozesse und der Bienaymé-Galton-Watson Prozesse innerhalb der Epidemiologie. Es werden die Ebola- und die Corona-Pandemie als Anwendungsfelder angeführt. Die Prozesse dienen als Entscheidungsstütze für die Politik und ermöglichen Aussagen über die Auswirkungen von Maßnahmen bezüglich der Pandemien. Neben den Prozessen werden ebenfalls der bedingte Erwartungswert bezüglich diskreter Zufallsvariablen, die wahrscheinlichkeitserzeugende Funktion und die zufällige Summe eingeführt. Die Konzepte vereinfachen die Beschreibung der Prozesse und bilden somit die Grundlage der Betrachtungen. Außerdem werden die benötigten und weiterführenden Eigenschaften der grundlegenden Themengebiete und der Prozesse aufgeführt und bewiesen. Das Kapitel erreicht seinen Höhepunkt bei dem Beweis des Kritikalitätstheorems, wodurch eine Aussage über das Aussterben des Prozesses in verschiedenen Fällen und somit über die Aussterbewahrscheinlichkeit getätigt werden kann. Die Fälle werden anhand der zu erwartenden Anzahl an Nachkommen eines Individuums unterschieden. Es zeigt sich, dass ein Prozess bei einer zu erwartenden Anzahl kleiner gleich Eins mit Sicherheit ausstirbt und bei einer Anzahl größer als Eins, die Population nicht in jedem Fall aussterben muss. Danach werden einzelne Beispiele, wie der linear fractional case, die Population von Fibroblasten (Bindegewebszellen) von Mäusen und die Entstehungsfragestellung der Prozesse, angeführt. Diese werden mithilfe der erlangten Ergebnisse untersucht und einige ausgewählte zufällige Dynamiken werden im nachfolgenden Kapitel simuliert. Die Simulationen erfolgen durch ein in Python erstelltes Programm und werden mithilfe der Inversionsmethode realisiert. Die Simulationen stellen beispielhaft die Entwicklungen in den verschiedenen Kritikalitätsfällen der Prozesse dar. Zudem werden die Häufigkeiten der einzelnen Populationsgrößen in Form von Histogrammen angebracht. Dabei lässt sich der Unterschied zwischen den einzelnen Fällen bestätigen und es wird die Anwendungsmöglichkeit der Bienaymé-Galton-Watson Prozesse bei komplexeren Problemen deutlich. Histogramme bekräftigen, dass die einzelnen Populationsgrößen nur endlich oft vorkommen. Diese Aussage wurde von Galton aufgeworfen und in der Extinktions-Explosions-Dichotomie verwendet. Die dargestellten Erkenntnisse über das Themengebiet und die Betrachtung des Konzeptes werden mit einer didaktischen Analyse abgeschlossen. Die Untersuchung beinhaltet die Berücksichtigung der Fundamentalen Ideen, der Fundamentalen Ideen der Stochastik und der Leitidee „Daten und Zufall“. Dabei ergibt sich, dass in Abhängigkeit der gewählten Perspektive die Anwendung der Bienaymé-Galton-Watson Prozesse innerhalb der Schule plausibel ist und von Vorteil für die Schüler:innen sein kann. Für die Behandlung wird exemplarisch der Rahmenlehrplan für Berlin und Brandenburg analysiert und mit dem Kernlehrplan Nordrhein-Westfalens verglichen. Die Konzeption des Lehrplans aus Berlin und Brandenburg lässt nicht den Schluss zu, dass die Bienaymé-Galton-Watson Prozesse angewendet werden sollten. Es lässt sich feststellen, dass die zugrunde liegende Leitidee nicht vollumfänglich mit manchen Fundamentalen Ideen der Stochastik vereinbar ist. Somit würde eine Modifikation hinsichtlich einer stärkeren Orientierung des Lehrplans an den Fundamentalen Ideen die Anwendung der Prozesse ermöglichen. Die Aussage wird durch die Betrachtung und Übertragung eines nordrhein-westfälischen Unterrichtsentwurfes für stochastische Prozesse auf die Bienaymé-Galton-Watson Prozesse unterstützt. Darüber hinaus werden eine Concept Map und ein Vernetzungspentagraph nach von der Bank konzipiert um diesen Aspekt hervorzuheben.
Zur Erinnerung an Mathematikerinnen und Mathematiker, die im Nationalsozialismus verfolgt wurden
(1995)
Given a system of entire functions in Cn with at most countable set of common zeros, we introduce the concept of zeta-function associated with the system. Under reasonable assumptions on the system, the zeta-function is well defined for all s ∈ Zn with sufficiently large components. Using residue theory we get an integral representation for the zeta-function which allows us to construct an analytic extension of the zeta-function to an infinite cone in Cn.
Let M be a closed connected spin manifold of dimension 2 or 3 with a fixed orientation and a fixed spin structure. We prove that for a generic Riemannian metric on M the non-harmonic eigenspinors of the Dirac operator are nowhere zero. The proof is based on a transversality theorem and the unique continuation property of the Dirac operator.
Zahlen in den Fingern
(2023)
Die Debatte über den Einsatz von digitalen Werkzeugen in der mathematischen Frühförderung ist hoch aktuell. Lernspiele werden konstruiert, mit dem Ziel, mathematisches, informelles Wissen aufzubauen und so einen besseren Schulstart zu ermöglichen. Doch allein die digitale und spielerische Aufarbeitung führt nicht zwingend zu einem Lernerfolg. Daher ist es umso wichtiger, die konkrete Implementation der theoretischen Konstrukte und Interaktionsmöglichkeiten mit den Werkzeugen zu analysieren und passend aufzubereiten.
In dieser Masterarbeit wird dazu exemplarisch ein mathematisches Lernspiel namens „Fingu“ für den Einsatz im vorschulischen Bereich theoretisch und empirisch im Rahmen der Artifact-Centric Activity Theory (ACAT) untersucht. Dazu werden zunächst die theoretischen Hintergründe zum Zahlensinn, Zahlbegriffserwerb, Teil-Ganze-Verständnis, der Anzahlwahrnehmung und -bestimmung, den Anzahlvergleichen und der Anzahldarstellung mithilfe von Fingern gemäß der Embodied Cognition sowie der Verwendung von digitalen Werkzeugen und Multi-Touch-Geräten umfassend beschrieben. Anschließend wird die App Fingu erklärt und dann theoretisch entlang des ACAT-Review-Guides analysiert. Zuletzt wird die selbstständig durchgeführte Studie mit zehn Vorschulkindern erläutert und darauf aufbauend Verbesserungs- und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der App auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage beigetragen. Für Fingu lässt sich abschließend festhalten, dass viele Prozesse wie die (Quasi-)Simultanerfassung oder das Zählen gefördert werden können, für andere wie das Teil-Ganze-Verständnis aber noch Anpassungen und/oder die Begleitung durch Erwachsene nötig ist.
Wo bleibt das Subversive?
(1997)
Wo bleibt das Subversive?
(1999)
Ground motion with strong-velocity pulses can cause significant damage to buildings and structures at certain periods; hence, knowing the period and velocity amplitude of such pulses is critical for earthquake structural engineering.
However, the physical factors relating the scaling of pulse periods with magnitude are poorly understood.
In this study, we investigate moderate but damaging earthquakes (M-w 6-7) and characterize ground- motion pulses using the method of Shahi and Baker (2014) while considering the potential static-offset effects.
We confirm that the within-event variability of the pulses is large. The identified pulses in this study are mostly from strike-slip-like earthquakes. We further perform simulations using the freq uency-wavenumber algorithm to investigate the causes of the variability of the pulse periods within and between events for moderate strike-slip earthquakes.
We test the effect of fault dips, and the impact of the asperity locations and sizes. The simulations reveal that the asperity properties have a high impact on the pulse periods and amplitudes at nearby stations.
Our results emphasize the importance of asperity characteristics, in addition to earthquake magnitudes for the occurrence and properties of pulses produced by the forward directivity effect.
We finally quantify and discuss within- and between-event variabilities of pulse properties at short distances.
Die Lehre von wissenschaftlichem Arbeiten stellt einen zentralen Aspekt in forschungsorientierten Studiengängen wie der Informatik dar. Trotz diverser Angebote werden mittel- und langfristig Mängel in der
Arbeitsqualität von Studierenden sichtbar. Dieses Paper analysiert daher das Profil der Studierenden, deren Anwendung des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens, und das Angebot von Proseminaren zum Thema „Einführung in das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten“ einer deutschen Universität. Die Ergebnisse mehrerer Erhebungen zeigen dabei diverse Probleme bei Studierenden auf, u. a. bei dem Prozessverständnis, dem Zeitmanagement und der Kommunikation.
WIP-Projekt "Kosmologie"
(1994)
This is an introduction to Wiener measure and the Feynman-Kac formula on general Riemannian manifolds for Riemannian geometers with little or no background in stochastics. We explain the construction of Wiener measure based on the heat kernel in full detail and we prove the Feynman-Kac formula for Schrödinger operators with bounded potentials. We also consider normal Riemannian coverings and show that projecting and lifting of paths are inverse operations which respect the Wiener measure.
In this chapter, an overview of systematic eradication of basic science foci in European universities in the last two decades is given. This happens under the slogan of optimisation of the university education to the needs and demands of the society. It is pointed out that reliance on “market demands” brings with it long-term deficiencies in the maintenance of basic and advanced knowledge construction in societies necessary for long-term future technological advances. University policies that claim improvement of higher education towards more immediate efficiency may end up with the opposite effect of affecting its quality and long term expected positive impact on society.
We prove a local in time existence and uniqueness theorem of classical solutions of the coupled Einstein{Euler system, and therefore establish the well posedness of this system. We use the condition that the energy density might vanish or tends to zero at infinity and that the pressure is a certain function of the energy density, conditions which are used to describe simplified stellar models. In order to achieve our goals we are enforced, by the complexity of the problem, to deal with these equations in a new type of weighted Sobolev spaces of fractional order. Beside their construction, we develop tools for PDEs and techniques for hyperbolic and elliptic equations in these spaces. The well posedness is obtained in these spaces.
We consider a solution of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation perturbed by a parametric driver. The frequency of parametric perturbation varies slowly and passes through a resonant value, which leads to a solution change. We obtain a new connection formula for the asymptotic solution before and after the resonance.
The present paper is intended to provide the basis for the study of weakly differentiable functions on rectifiable varifolds with locally bounded first variation. The concept proposed here is defined by means of integration-by-parts identities for certain compositions with smooth functions. In this class, the idea of zero boundary values is realised using the relative perimeter of superlevel sets. Results include a variety of Sobolev Poincare-type embeddings, embeddings into spaces of continuous and sometimes Holder-continuous functions, and point wise differentiability results both of approximate and integral type as well as coarea formulae. As a prerequisite for this study, decomposition properties of such varifolds and a relative isoperimetric inequality are established. Both involve a concept of distributional boundary of a set introduced for this purpose. As applications, the finiteness of the geodesic distance associated with varifolds with suitable summability of the mean curvature and a characterisation of curvature varifolds are obtained.
Weak Hypersubstitutions
(2002)
We define weak boundary values of solutions to those nonlinear differential equations which appear as Euler-Lagrange equations of variational problems. As a result we initiate the theory of Lagrangian boundary value problems in spaces of appropriate smoothness. We also analyse if the concept of mapping degree of current importance applies to the study of Lagrangian problems.
In the eighties, the analysis of satellite altimetry data leads to the major discovery of gravity lineations in the oceans, with wavelengths between 200 and 1400 km. While the existence of the 200 km scale undulations is widely accepted, undulations at scales larger than 400 km are still a matter of debate. In this paper, we revisit the topic of the large-scale geoid undulations over the oceans in the light of the satellite gravity data provided by the GRACE mission, considerably more precise than the altimetry data at wavelengths larger than 400 km. First, we develop a dedicated method of directional Poisson wavelet analysis on the sphere with significance testing, in order to detect and characterize directional structures in geophysical data on the sphere at different spatial scales. This method is particularly well suited for potential field analysis. We validate it on a series of synthetic tests, and then apply it to analyze recent gravity models, as well as a bathymetry data set independent from gravity. Our analysis confirms the existence of gravity undulations at large scale in the oceans, with characteristic scales between 600 and 2000 km. Their direction correlates well with present-day plate motion over the Pacific ocean, where they are particularly clear, and associated with a conjugate direction at 1500 km scale. A major finding is that the 2000 km scale geoid undulations dominate and had never been so clearly observed previously. This is due to the great precision of GRACE data at those wavelengths. Given the large scale of these undulations, they are most likely related to mantle processes. Taking into account observations and models from other geophysical information, as seismological tomography, convection and geochemical models and electrical conductivity in the mantle, we conceive that all these inputs indicate a directional fabric of the mantle flows at depth, reflecting how the history of subduction influences the organization of lower mantle upwellings.
Als ich anfing, ein Thema für meine Promotion zu erarbeiten, fand ich Massentests ziemlich beeindruckend. TIMSS: über 500000 Schüler getestet. PISA: 180000 Schüler getestet. Ich wollte diese Datenbasis nutzen, um Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung von Unterricht zu gewinnen. Leider kam ich damit nicht weit. Je tiefer ich mich mit den Tests und den dahinterstehenden Theorien befasste, desto deutlicher schälte sich heraus, dass mit diesen Tests keine neue Erkenntnis generiert werden kann. Fast alle Schlussfolgerungen, die aus den Tests gezogen werden, konnten gar nicht aus den Tests selbst gewonnen werden. Ich konzentrierte mich zunehmend auf die Testaufgaben, weil die Geltung der Aussage eines Tests an der Aufgabe erzeugt wird: In der Aufgabe gerinnt das, was die Tester als „mathematische Leistungsfähigkeit“ konstruieren. Der Schüler wiederum hat nur die Aufgabe vor sich. Es gibt nur „gelöst“ (ein Punkt) und „ungelöst“ (kein Punkt). Damit der Schüler den Punkt bekommt, muss er an der richtigen Stelle ankreuzen, oder er muss etwas hinschrei-ben, wofür der Auswerter einen Punkt gibt. In der Dissertation wird untersucht, was die Aufgaben testen, was also alles in das Konstrukt von „mathematischer Leistungsfähigkeit“ einfließt, und ob es das ist, was der Test testen soll. Es stellte sich durchaus erstaunliches heraus: - Oftmals gibt es so viele Möglichkeiten, zur gewünschten Lösung (die nicht in jedem Fall die richtige Lösung ist) zu gelangen, dass man nicht benennen kann, welche Fähigkeit die Aufgabe eigentlich misst. Das Konstrukt „mathematische Leistungsfähigkeit“ wird damit zu einem zufälligen. - Es werden Komponenten von Testfähigkeit mitgemessen: Viele Aufgaben enthalten Irritationen, welche von testerfahrenen Schülern leichter überwunden werden können als von testunerfahrenen. Es gibt Aufgaben, die gelöst werden können, ohne dass man über die Fähigkeit verfügt, die getestet werden soll. Umgekehrt gibt es Aufgaben, die man eventuell nicht lösen kann, obwohl man über diese Fähigkeit verfügt. Als Kernkompetenz von Testfähigkeit stellt sich heraus, weder das gestellte mathematische Problem noch die angeblichen realen Proble-me ernst zu nehmen, sondern sich statt dessen auf das zu konzentrieren, was die Tester angekreuzt oder hinge-schrieben sehen wollen. Prinzipiell erweist es sich als günstig, mittelmäßig zu arbeiten, auf intellektuelle Tiefe in der Auseinandersetzung mit den Aufgaben also zu verzichten. - Man kann bei Multiple-Choice-Tests raten. Die PISA-Gruppe behauptet zwar, dieses Problem technisch über-winden zu können, dies erweist sich aber als Fehleinschätzung. - Sowohl bei TIMSS als auch bei PISA stellt sich heraus, dass die vorgeblich verwendeten didaktischen und psychologischen Theorien lediglich theoretische Mäntel für eine theoriearme Testerstellung sind. Am Beispiel der Theorie der mentalen Situationsmodelle (zur Bearbeitung von realitätsnahen Aufgaben) wird dies ausführlich exemplarisch ausgearbeitet. Das Problem reproduziert sich in anderen Theoriefeldern. Die Tests werden nicht durch Operationalisierungen von Messkonstrukten erstellt, sondern durch systematisches Zusammenstückeln von Aufgaben. - Bei PISA sollte „Mathematical Literacy“ getestet werden. Verkürzt sollte das die Fähigkeit sein, „die Rolle, die Mathematik in der Welt spielt, zu erkennen und zu verstehen, begründete mathematische Urteile abzugeben und sich auf eine Weise mit der Mathematik zu befassen, die den Anforderungen des gegenwärtigen und künftigen Lebens einer Person als eines konstruktiven, engagierten und reflektierten Bürgers entspricht“ (PISA-Eigendarstellung). Von all dem kann angesichts der Aufgaben keine Rede sein. - Bei der Untersuchung des PISA-Tests drängte sich ein mathematikdidaktischer Habitus auf, der eine separate Untersuchung erzwang. Ich habe ihn unter dem Stichwort der „Abkehr von der Sache“ zusammengefasst. Er ist geprägt von Zerstörungen des Mathematischen bei gleichzeitiger Überbetonung des Fachsprachlichen und durch Verwerfungen des Mathematischen und des Realen bei realitätsnahen Aufgaben. Letzteres gründet in der Nicht-beachtung der Authentizität sowohl des Realen als auch des Mathematischen. Die Arbeit versammelt neben den Untersuchungen zu TIMSS und PISA ein ausführliches Kapitel über das Prob-lem des Testens und eine Darstellung der Methodologie und Praxis der Objektiven Hermeneutik.
Was misst TIMSS?
(2001)
Bei der Erstellung und Interpretation mathematischer Leistungstests steht die Frage, was eine Aufgabe mißt. Der Artikel stellt mit der strukturalen oder objektiven Hermeneutik eine Methode vor, mit der die verschiedenen Dimensionen der von einer Aufgabe erfassten Fähigkeiten herausgearbeitet werden können. Dabei werden fachliche Anforderungen, Irritationsmomente und das durch die Aufgabe transportierte Bild vom jeweiligen Fach ebenso erfasst wie Momente, die man eher als Testfähigkeit bezeichnen würde.Am Beispiel einer TIMSS-Aufgabe wird diskutiert, dass das von den Testerstellern benutzte theoretische Konstrukt kaum geeignet ist, nachhaltig zu beschreiben, was eine Aufgabe misst.
Um für ein Leben in der digitalen Gesellschaft vorbereitet zu sein, braucht jeder heute in verschiedenen Situationen umfangreiche informatische Grundlagen. Die Bedeutung von Informatik nimmt nicht nur in immer mehr
Bereichen unseres täglichen Lebens zu, sondern auch in immer mehr Ausbildungsrichtungen. Um junge Menschen auf ihr zukünftiges Leben und/oder ihre zukünftige berufliche Tätigkeit vorzubereiten, bieten verschiedene Hochschulen Informatikmodule für Studierende anderer Fachrichtungen an. Die Materialien jener Kurse bilden einen umfangreichen Datenpool, um die für Studierende anderer Fächer bedeutenden Aspekte der Informatik mithilfe eines empirischen Ansatzes zu identifizieren. Im Folgenden werden 70 Module zu informatischer Bildung für Studierende anderer Fachrichtungen analysiert. Die Materialien – Publikationen, Syllabi und Stundentafeln – werden zunächst mit einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring untersucht und anschließend quantitativ ausgewertet. Basierend auf der Analyse werden Ziele, zentrale Themen und Typen eingesetzter Werkzeuge identifiziert.
Was ist Data Science?
(2018)
In Zusammenhang mit den Entwicklungen der vergangenen Jahre, insbesondere in den Bereichen Big Data, Datenmanagement und Maschinenlernen, hat sich der Umgang mit Daten und deren Analyse wesentlich weiterentwickelt. Mittlerweile wird die Datenwissenschaft als eigene Disziplin angesehen, die auch immer stärker durch entsprechende Studiengänge an Hochschulen repräsentiert wird. Trotz dieser zunehmenden Bedeutung ist jedoch oft unklar, welche konkreten Inhalte mit ihr in Verbindung stehen, da sie in verschiedensten Ausprägungen auftritt. In diesem Beitrag werden daher die hinter der Data Science stehenden informatischen Inhalte durch eine qualitative Analyse der Modulhandbücher etablierter Studiengänge aus diesem Bereich ermittelt und so ein Beitrag zur Charakterisierung dieser Disziplin geleistet. Am Beispiel der Entwicklung eines Data-Literacy-Kompetenzmodells, die als Ausblick skizziert wird, wird die Bedeutung dieser Charakterisierung für die weitere Forschung expliziert.
Wahlen
(1998)
Vorlesungs-Pflege
(2018)
Ähnlich zu Alterungsprozessen bei Software degenerieren auch Vorlesungen, wenn sie nicht hinreichend gepflegt werden. Die Gründe hierfür werden ebenso beleuchtet wie mögliche Indikatoren und Maßnahmen – der Blick ist dabei immer der eines Informatikers. An drei Vorlesungen wird erläutert, wie der Degeneration von Lehrveranstaltungen
gegengewirkt werden kann. Mangels hinreichend großer empirischer Daten liefert das Paper keine unumstößlichen Wahrheiten. Ein Ziel ist es vielmehr Kollegen, die ähnliche Phänomene beobachten, einen ersten Anker für einen
inneren Diskurs zu bieten. Ein langfristiges Ziel ist die Sammlung eines Katalogs an Maßnahmen zur Pflege von Informatikvorlesungen.
We study the Volterra property of a class of anisotropic pseudo-differential operators on R x B for a manifold B with edge Y and time-variable t. This exposition belongs to a program for studying parabolicity in such a situation. In the present consideration we establish non-smoothing elements in a subalgebra with anisotropic operator-valued symbols of Mellin type with holomorphic symbols in the complex Mellin covariable from the cone theory, where the covariable t of t extends to symbolswith respect to t to the lower complex v half-plane. The resulting space ofVolterra operators enlarges an approach of Buchholz (Parabolische Pseudodifferentialoperatoren mit operatorwertigen Symbolen. Ph. D. thesis, Universitat Potsdam, 1996) by necessary elements to a new operator algebra containing Volterra parametrices under an appropriate condition of anisotropic ellipticity. Our approach avoids some difficulty in choosing Volterra quantizations in the edge case by generalizing specific achievements from the isotropic edge-calculus, obtained by Seiler (Pseudodifferential calculus on manifolds with non-compact edges, Ph. D. thesis, University of Potsdam, 1997), see also Gil et al. (in: Demuth et al (eds) Mathematical research, vol 100. Akademic Verlag, Berlin, pp 113-137, 1997; Osaka J Math 37: 221-260, 2000).
Parabolic equations on manifolds with singularities require a new calculus of anisotropic pseudo-differential operators with operator-valued symbols. The paper develops this theory along the lines of sn abstract wedge calculus with strongly continuous groups of isomorphisms on the involved Banach spaces. The corresponding pseodo-diferential operators are continuous in anisotropic wedge Sobolev spaces, and they form an alegbra. There is then introduced the concept of anisotropic parameter-dependent ellipticity, based on an order reduction variant of the pseudo-differential calculus. The theory is appled to a class of parabolic differential operators, and it is proved the invertibility in Sobolev spaces with exponential weights at infinity in time direction.
In this paper, we discuss the viscosity solutions of the weakly coupled systems of fully nonlinear second order degenerate parabolic equations and their Cauchy-Dirichlet problem. We prove the existence, uniqueness and continuity of viscosity solution by combining Perron's method with the technique of coupled solutions. The results here generalize those in [2] and [3].
We discuss the solution theory of operators of the form del(x) + A, acting on smooth sections of a vector bundle with connection del over a manifold M, where X is a vector field having a critical point with positive linearization at some point p is an element of M. As an operator on a suitable space of smooth sections Gamma(infinity)(U, nu), it fulfills a Fredholm alternative, and the same is true for the adjoint operator. Furthermore, we show that the solutions depend smoothly on the data del, X and A.
The morphological features in the deviations of the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere from the background undisturbed state as possible precursors of the earthquake of January 12, 2010 (21:53 UT (16:53 LT), 18.46A degrees N, 72.5A degrees W, 7.0 M) in Haiti are analyzed. To identify these features, global and regional differential TEC maps based on global 2-h TEC maps provided by NASA in the IONEX format were plotted. For the considered earthquake, long-lived disturbances, presumably of seismic origin, were localized in the near-epicenter area and were accompanied by similar effects in the magnetoconjugate region. Both decreases and increases in the local TEC over the period from 22 UT of January 10 to 08 UT of January 12, 2010 were observed. The horizontal dimensions of the anomalies were similar to 40A degrees in longitude and similar to 20A degrees in latitude, with the magnitude of TEC disturbances reaching similar to 40% relative to the background near the epicenter and more than 50% in the magnetoconjugate area. No significant geomagnetic disturbances within January 1-12, 2010 were observed, i.e., the detected TEC anomalies were manifestations of interplay between processes in the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere system.
In this thesis, we discuss the formulation of variational problems on supermanifolds. Supermanifolds incorporate bosonic as well as fermionic degrees of freedom. Fermionic fields take values in the odd part of an appropriate Grassmann algebra and are thus showing an anticommutative behaviour. However, a systematic treatment of these Grassmann parameters requires a description of spaces as functors, e.g. from the category of Grassmann algberas into the category of sets (or topological spaces, manifolds). After an introduction to the general ideas of this approach, we use it to give a description of the resulting supermanifolds of fields/maps. We show that each map is uniquely characterized by a family of differential operators of appropriate order. Moreover, we demonstrate that each of this maps is uniquely characterized by its component fields, i.e. by the coefficients in a Taylor expansion w.r.t. the odd coordinates. In general, the component fields are only locally defined. We present a way how to circumvent this limitation. In fact, by enlarging the supermanifold in question, we show that it is possible to work with globally defined components. We eventually use this formalism to study variational problems. More precisely, we study a super version of the geodesic and a generalization of harmonic maps to supermanifolds. Equations of motion are derived from an energy functional and we show how to decompose them into components. Finally, in special cases, we can prove the existence of critical points by reducing the problem to equations from ordinary geometric analysis. After solving these component equations, it is possible to show that their solutions give rise to critical points in the functor spaces of fields.
Variational bayesian inference for nonlinear hawkes process with gaussian process self-effects
(2022)
Traditionally, Hawkes processes are used to model time-continuous point processes with history dependence. Here, we propose an extended model where the self-effects are of both excitatory and inhibitory types and follow a Gaussian Process. Whereas previous work either relies on a less flexible parameterization of the model, or requires a large amount of data, our formulation allows for both a flexible model and learning when data are scarce. We continue the line of work of Bayesian inference for Hawkes processes, and derive an inference algorithm by performing inference on an aggregated sum of Gaussian Processes. Approximate Bayesian inference is achieved via data augmentation, and we describe a mean-field variational inference approach to learn the model parameters. To demonstrate the flexibility of the model we apply our methodology on data from different domains and compare it to previously reported results.
Valuations of Terms
(2003)
Let tau be a type of algebras. There are several commonly used measurements of the complexity of terms of type tau, including the depth or height of a term and the number of variable symbols appearing in a term. In this paper we formalize these various measurements, by defining a complexity or valuation mapping on terms. A valuation of terms is thus a mapping from the absolutely free term algebra of type tau into another algebra of the same type on which an order relation is defined. We develop the interconnections between such term valuations and the equational theory of Universal Algebra. The collection of all varieties of a given type forms a complete lattice which is very complex and difficult to study; valuations of terms offer a new method to study complete sublattices of this lattice
The International Project for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) was formed in the 1950s (Postlethwaite, 1967). Since that time, the IEA has conducted many studies in the area of mathematics, such as the First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) in 1964, the Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS) in 1980-1982, and a series of studies beginning with the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) which has been conducted every 4 years since 1995. According to Stigler et al. (1999), in the FIMS and the SIMS, U.S. students achieved low scores in comparison with students in other countries (p. 1). The TIMSS 1995 “Videotape Classroom Study” was therefore a complement to the earlier studies conducted to learn “more about the instructional and cultural processes that are associated with achievement” (Stigler et al., 1999, p. 1). The TIMSS Videotape Classroom Study is known today as the TIMSS Video Study. From the findings of the TIMSS 1995 Video Study, Stigler and Hiebert (1999) likened teaching to “mountain ranges poking above the surface of the water,” whereby they implied that we might see the mountaintops, but we do not see the hidden parts underneath these mountain ranges (pp. 73-78). By watching the videotaped lessons from Germany, Japan, and the United States again and again, they discovered that “the systems of teaching within each country look similar from lesson to lesson. At least, there are certain recurring features [or patterns] that typify many of the lessons within a country and distinguish the lessons among countries” (pp. 77-78). They also discovered that “teaching is a cultural activity,” so the systems of teaching “must be understood in relation to the cultural beliefs and assumptions that surround them” (pp. 85, 88). From this viewpoint, one of the purposes of this dissertation was to study some cultural aspects of mathematics teaching and relate the results to mathematics teaching and learning in Vietnam. Another research purpose was to carry out a video study in Vietnam to find out the characteristics of Vietnamese mathematics teaching and compare these characteristics with those of other countries. In particular, this dissertation carried out the following research tasks: - Studying the characteristics of teaching and learning in different cultures and relating the results to mathematics teaching and learning in Vietnam - Introducing the TIMSS, the TIMSS Video Study and the advantages of using video study in investigating mathematics teaching and learning - Carrying out the video study in Vietnam to identify the image, scripts and patterns, and the lesson signature of eighth-grade mathematics teaching in Vietnam - Comparing some aspects of mathematics teaching in Vietnam and other countries and identifying the similarities and differences across countries - Studying the demands and challenges of innovating mathematics teaching methods in Vietnam – lessons from the video studies Hopefully, this dissertation will be a useful reference material for pre-service teachers at education universities to understand the nature of teaching and develop their teaching career.
In this work we extract the microphysical properties of aerosols for a collection of measurement cases with low volume depolarization ratio originating from fire sources captured by the Raman lidar located at the National Institute of Optoelectronics (INOE) in Bucharest. Our algorithm was tested not only for pure smoke but also for mixed smoke and urban aerosols of variable age and growth. Applying a sensitivity analysis on initial parameter settings of our retrieval code was proved vital for producing semi-automatized retrievals with a hybrid regularization method developed at the Institute of Mathematics of Potsdam University. A direct quantitative comparison of the retrieved microphysical properties with measurements from a Compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (CToF-AMS) is used to validate our algorithm. Microphysical retrievals performed with sun photometer data are also used to explore our results. Focusing on the fine mode we observed remarkable similarities between the retrieved size distribution and the one measured by the AMS. More complicated atmospheric structures and the factor of absorption appear to depend more on particle radius being subject to variation. A good correlation was found between the aerosol effective radius and particle age, using the ratio of lidar ratios (LR: aerosol extinction to backscatter ratios) as an indicator for the latter. Finally, the dependence on relative humidity of aerosol effective radii measured on the ground and within the layers aloft show similar patterns. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Using Causal Effect Networks to Analyze Different Arctic Drivers of Midlatitude Winter Circulation
(2016)
In recent years, the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes have suffered from severe winters like the extreme 2012/13 winter in the eastern United States. These cold spells were linked to a meandering upper-tropospheric jet stream pattern and a negative Arctic Oscillation index (AO). However, the nature of the drivers behind these circulation patterns remains controversial. Various studies have proposed different mechanisms related to changes in the Arctic, most of them related to a reduction in sea ice concentrations or increasing Eurasian snow cover. Here, a novel type of time series analysis, called causal effect networks (CEN), based on graphical models is introduced to assess causal relationships and their time delays between different processes. The effect of different Arctic actors on winter circulation on weekly to monthly time scales is studied, and robust network patterns are found. Barents and Kara sea ice concentrations are detected to be important external drivers of the midlatitude circulation, influencing winter AO via tropospheric mechanisms and through processes involving the stratosphere. Eurasia snow cover is also detected to have a causal effect on sea level pressure in Asia, but its exact role on AO remains unclear. The CEN approach presented in this study overcomes some difficulties in interpreting correlation analyses, complements model experiments for testing hypotheses involving teleconnections, and can be used to assess their validity. The findings confirm that sea ice concentrations in autumn in the Barents and Kara Seas are an important driver of winter circulation in the midlatitudes.
Untitled
(2005)
In this paper we establish the regularity, exponential stability of global (weak) solutions and existence of uniform compact attractors of semiprocesses, which are generated by the global solutions, of a two-parameter family of operators for the nonlinear 1-d non-autonomous viscoelasticity. We employ the properties of the analytic semigroup to show the compactness for the semiprocess generated by the global solutions.
Understanding and reducing complex systems pharmacology models based on a novel input-response index
(2018)
A growing understanding of complex processes in biology has led to large-scale mechanistic models of pharmacologically relevant processes. These models are increasingly used to study the response of the system to a given input or stimulus, e.g., after drug administration. Understanding the input–response relationship, however, is often a challenging task due to the complexity of the interactions between its constituents as well as the size of the models. An approach that quantifies the importance of the different constituents for a given input–output relationship and allows to reduce the dynamics to its essential features is therefore highly desirable. In this article, we present a novel state- and time-dependent quantity called the input–response index that quantifies the importance of state variables for a given input–response relationship at a particular time. It is based on the concept of time-bounded controllability and observability, and defined with respect to a reference dynamics. In application to the brown snake venom–fibrinogen (Fg) network, the input–response indices give insight into the coordinated action of specific coagulation factors and about those factors that contribute only little to the response. We demonstrate how the indices can be used to reduce large-scale models in a two-step procedure: (i) elimination of states whose dynamics have only minor impact on the input–response relationship, and (ii) proper lumping of the remaining (lower order) model. In application to the brown snake venom–fibrinogen network, this resulted in a reduction from 62 to 8 state variables in the first step, and a further reduction to 5 state variables in the second step. We further illustrate that the sequence, in which a recursive algorithm eliminates and/or lumps state variables, has an impact on the final reduced model. The input–response indices are particularly suited to determine an informed sequence, since they are based on the dynamics of the original system. In summary, the novel measure of importance provides a powerful tool for analysing the complex dynamics of large-scale systems and a means for very efficient model order reduction of nonlinear systems.