650 Management und unterstützende Tätigkeiten
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This paper presents an exploratory study investigating the influence of the factors (1) intermediary participation, (2) decision-making authority, (3) position in the enterprise, and (4) experience in open innovation on the perception and assessment of the benefits and risks expected from participating in open innovation projects. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The result of this paper is an empirical evidence showing whether and how these factors affect the perception of potential benefits and risks expected within the context of open innovation project participation. Furthermore, the identified effects are discussed against the theory. Existing theory regarding the benefits and risks of open innovation is expanded by (1) finding that they are perceived mostly independently of the factors, (2) confirming the practical relevance of benefits and risks, and (3) enabling a finer distinction between their degrees of relevance according to respective contextual specifics.
Industry 4.0, based on increasingly progressive digitalization, is a global phenomenon that affects every part of our work. The Internet of Things (IoT) is pushing the process of automation, culminating in the total autonomy of cyber-physical systems. This process is accompanied by a massive amount of data, information, and new dimensions of flexibility. As the amount of available data increases, their specific timeliness decreases. Mastering Industry 4.0 requires humans to master the new dimensions of information and to adapt to relevant ongoing changes. Intentional forgetting can make a difference in this context, as it discards nonprevailing information and actions in favor of prevailing ones. Intentional forgetting is the basis of any adaptation to change, as it ensures that nonprevailing memory items are not retrieved while prevailing ones are retained. This study presents a novel experimental approach that was introduced in a learning factory (the Research and Application Center Industry 4.0) to investigate intentional forgetting as it applies to production routines. In the first experiment (N = 18), in which the participants collectively performed 3046 routine related actions (t1 = 1402, t2 = 1644), the results showed that highly proceduralized actions were more difficult to forget than actions that were less well-learned. Additionally, we found that the quality of cues that trigger the execution of routine actions had no effect on the extent of intentional forgetting.
Neben kleineren, meist automatisierten Update-Aktivitäten zur Fehlerbehebung und zur Steigerung der Performance von ERP-Systemen, gibt es größere Updates mit umfangreicheren Aktualisierungen und Erweiterungen der Software – auch „Updateprojekte“ oder „Upgrades“ genannt. Ein ERP-Upgrade beschreibt einen größeren Änderungsprozess, der die Nutzung neuer Technologien ermöglicht und das System mit (neuen) Geschäftsstrategien in Einklang bringt. Upgrades tragen zur Verbesserung der Software bei und sind klar zu unterscheiden von geringfügigen Änderungen innerhalb einer Version eines ERP-Systems.
Fabriksoftware
(2020)
Immer mehr Konzepte versprechen die Digitale Fabrik, die Industrie 4.0-Fabrik, die Smart Factory usw. Allen ist gemeinsam, dass dahinter der erheblich ausgeweitete Einsatz von vernetzter Software steht. Allein der Begriff Fabriksoftware selbst ist noch nicht definiert bzw. gegenüber nahestehenden Begriffen abgegrenzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt dazu einen für Forschung und Praxis tauglichen Ansatz zur Einordnung von Software in Fertigung und Logistik vor.
The digital transformation sets new requirements to all classes of enterprise systems in companies. ERP systems in particular, which represent the dominant class of enterprise systems, are struggling to meet the new requirements at all levels of the architecture. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider the overall architecture of the systems and address the root of the related issues. Given that many restrictions ERP pose on their adaptability are related to the standardization of data, the database layer of ERP systems is addressed. Since database serve as the foundation for data storage and retrieval, they limit the flexibility of enterprise systems and the chance to adapt to new requirements accordingly. So far, relational databases are widely used. Using a systematic literature approach, recent requirements for ERP systems were identified. Prominent database approaches were assessed against the 23 requirements identified. The results reveal the strengths and weaknesses of recent database approaches. To this end, the results highlight the demand to combine multiple database approaches to fulfill recent business requirements. From a conceptual point of view, this paper supports the idea of federated databases which are interoperable to fulfill future requirements and support business operation. This research forms the basis for renewal of the current generation of ERP systems and proposes to ERP vendors to use different database concepts in the future.