Extern
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (694) (remove)
Keywords
- Philosophie (18)
- philosophy (18)
- Lehrkräftebildung (14)
- Reflexion (12)
- Reflexionskompetenz (8)
- Anthropologie (7)
- USA (7)
- United States (7)
- anthropology (7)
- Feedback (6)
- moderne jüdische Geschichte (6)
- Sprachtherapie (5)
- modern Jewish history (5)
- 20. Jahrhundert (4)
- 20th century (4)
- Baasdörper Krönk (4)
- Brandenburg (4)
- Inklusion (4)
- Low German (4)
- Niederdeutsch (4)
- Plattdeutsch (4)
- exercise (4)
- football (4)
- 19. Jahrhundert (3)
- COVID-19 (3)
- Digitalisierung (3)
- Fallarbeit (3)
- Informatik (3)
- Kommune (3)
- Max Scheler (3)
- Selbstreflexion (3)
- Transformation (3)
- digitalization (3)
- kinetics (3)
- obesity (3)
- social network (3)
- stunting (3)
- 19th century (2)
- Akteure (2)
- Aphasie (2)
- Beziehungsgestaltung (2)
- Biologiedidaktik (2)
- Deutschdidaktik (2)
- Digitale Medien (2)
- Diskriminierungsschutz (2)
- Diversity (2)
- Dysarthrie (2)
- Erster Weltkrieg <Motiv> (2)
- First World War <literary theme> (2)
- Focus (2)
- German (2)
- German history (2)
- Goethe (2)
- ICF-CY (2)
- Interprofessionalität (2)
- Johann Wolfgang von (2)
- Kooperation (2)
- Kriegsgefangenschaft <Motiv> (2)
- Lehr-Lern-Labor-Seminar (2)
- Lehramtsstudierende (2)
- Martin Heidegger (2)
- Modern Jewish history (2)
- Netzwerk (2)
- Partizipation (2)
- Phraseologie (2)
- Physical activity (2)
- Pioniere (2)
- Praxissemester (2)
- Professionalisierung (2)
- Reflexionsförderung (2)
- Reflexivität (2)
- Region (2)
- Russia (2)
- Russland (2)
- SEPE (2)
- SNARC (2)
- Selbsthilfe (2)
- Seminarkonzept (2)
- Stottern (2)
- Studienabbruch (2)
- Summer Schools (2)
- Transzendenz (2)
- Unterrichtsanalyse (2)
- Unterrichtsreflexion (2)
- Unterrichtsvideos (2)
- Vertragsarbeit (2)
- Vignetten (2)
- Vorschulalter (2)
- achilles tendinopathy (2)
- actor (2)
- attention (2)
- body height (2)
- climate change (2)
- deutsche Geschichte (2)
- diabetes (2)
- diffusion (2)
- ePortfolio (2)
- electromyography (2)
- forschendes Lernen (2)
- handgrip strength (2)
- health care (2)
- higher education (2)
- home range (2)
- inclusive education (2)
- information structure (2)
- language acquisition (2)
- literature review (2)
- longitudinal (2)
- machine learning (2)
- malnutrition (2)
- national multiplication training (2)
- network (2)
- pioneer (2)
- pre-school (2)
- professionelle Wahrnehmung (2)
- reflexion (2)
- region (2)
- school mathematics (2)
- skills (2)
- teacher training (2)
- transformation (2)
- virtual reality (2)
- war captivity <literary theme> (2)
- (implicit) prosody (1)
- 3D thermal model (1)
- 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (1)
- ACWR (1)
- AFLP (1)
- ALOS World 3D (1)
- APP (1)
- ASTER GDEM (1)
- Aberglaube <Motiv> (1)
- Achtsamkeit (1)
- Achtsamkeitsübungen (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adaptive Lehrkompetenz (1)
- Adaptive hypermedia (1)
- Adult-child interaction (1)
- Advection and convection (1)
- Adverbial Quantification (1)
- Aging (1)
- Akan (1)
- Akt pathway (1)
- Alien Tort Statute (1)
- Alkoholismus <Motiv> (1)
- Alternative Semantics (1)
- Anerkennung (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Annotation (1)
- Anonymität (1)
- Anrechnung (1)
- Anti-Humanismus (1)
- Anwender*innenakzeptanz (1)
- Apps (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Assessment-Feedback (1)
- Astronomie <Motiv> (1)
- Aufgabenkonzept (1)
- Ausbildungscoaching (1)
- Außenpolitik (1)
- Bachelor (1)
- Bachelorstudium (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Baden-Wuerttemberg (1)
- Baden-Württemberg (1)
- Barrierefreiheit (1)
- Barriers (1)
- Basalganglien (1)
- Bayesian modelling (1)
- Bedeutung (1)
- Begleitseminar (1)
- Benachteiligtenförderung (1)
- Beobachten (1)
- Berufliche Bildung (1)
- Berufs- und Arbeitswelt (1)
- Berufsausbildung (1)
- Besonderheiten des Lehrberufs (1)
- Bilderbogen (1)
- Bildungssprache (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Brion (1)
- CDOM (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- COVID-19-Pandemie (1)
- CRISPR editing validation (1)
- CS Ed Research (1)
- CS at school (1)
- CS curriculum (1)
- Central European Basin System (1)
- Checkliste (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- Chlamydomonas (1)
- Chor (1)
- Christmas <literary theme> (1)
- Christmas tradition (1)
- Coachingtools (1)
- Cochlea-Implantat (CI) (1)
- Cognitive fatigue (1)
- Comparing programming environments (1)
- Conversation Analysis (1)
- Copernicus DEM (1)
- Coracis garrulus (1)
- Cottbus (1)
- Course development (1)
- Course marketing (1)
- Course of Study (1)
- Courses for female students (1)
- Covert Variables (1)
- Cross-frequency PLV (1)
- Curricula Development (1)
- Curriculum analysis (1)
- DEM noise (1)
- DaZ-Unterricht (1)
- Damage assessment (1)
- Daseinsvorsorge (1)
- Data pooling (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenbanken (1)
- Datennutzung (1)
- Datenschutz (1)
- Debugging (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Design-Based-Research (1)
- Design-based Research (1)
- Detlev von (1)
- Deutsch (1)
- Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache (1)
- Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache (DaFZ) (1)
- Deutsche Gebärdensprache (1)
- Developmental hyperscanning (1)
- Digital Health (1)
- Digital Narratives (1)
- Digital intervention (1)
- Digitales Beobachtungstool (1)
- Digitalität (1)
- Dingstruktur (1)
- Diskriminierungsverbot (1)
- Diskussionskultur (1)
- Distanzlehre (1)
- Disturbance impacts (1)
- Disturbance indicator (1)
- Domain Restriction (1)
- Downstep (1)
- Dual EEG analysis (1)
- Durchlässigkeit (1)
- Dynamometry (1)
- E-Peer-Assessment (1)
- E. Berne (1)
- EEG (1)
- EMRK (1)
- East European Jewish history (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Eccentric muscle action (1)
- Educational-Design-Research (1)
- Eigen- und Fremdreflexionen (1)
- Eigenverantwortung (1)
- Eigenvideografie (1)
- Eignungs- und Orientierungspraktikum (1)
- Eignungsreflexion (1)
- Eitelkeit <Motiv> (1)
- Electronic Health (1)
- Elephant disturbance (1)
- Elternpartizipation (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Emotionen (1)
- Energy expenditure (1)
- Englisch (1)
- English and Physics teacher trainees (1)
- Entfremdung (1)
- Entwicklungsforschung (1)
- Entwicklungsstufen (1)
- Erbfolge <Motiv> (1)
- Erfahrungslernen (1)
- Erfolgsmessung (1)
- Erkenntnisgewinnung (1)
- Erniedrigung <Motiv> (1)
- Esau <Motiv> (1)
- Esau <literary theme> (1)
- Ethics (1)
- European hare (1)
- European history (1)
- Exertion (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Exzentrizität (1)
- Fachdidaktik (1)
- Fachdidaktische Reflexion (1)
- Fachinformatik (1)
- Fachinformatiker (1)
- Fachpraktikum (1)
- Faktorenanalyse (1)
- Fallverstehen (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- FieldTrip (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Forschungsdesiderate (1)
- Forschungsmethodik (1)
- Forschungsorientierung (1)
- Fortbildung (1)
- Fortschritt <Motiv> (1)
- Fourier analysis (1)
- Fragebogen (1)
- Fremdsprachenunterricht (1)
- Friederike (1)
- Friedrich Nietsche (1)
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1)
- Frühförderung (1)
- Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung (1)
- Förderung von Reflexivität (1)
- GPS (1)
- Gait (1)
- Galicia (1)
- Galizien (1)
- Ganymed in den Fängen des Adlers (1)
- Geistesgeschichte (1)
- Gender (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- General subject “Information” (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Georges Canguilhem (1)
- Geothermal field (1)
- Gerechtigkeit (1)
- Gerhard (1)
- German Jewry (1)
- Germany (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Geschlechterunterschiede (1)
- Geschlechtsidentität (1)
- Goethe-Rezeption (1)
- Governance (1)
- Grip force (1)
- Grundschulpädagogik (1)
- Gute-Praxis-Beispiele (1)
- H2S biosynthesis (1)
- H5P (1)
- HDL (1)
- HEI (1)
- HIV (1)
- Hamstring-quadriceps ratio (1)
- Handlungsempfehlungen (1)
- Handlungsschritte (1)
- Hans Blumenberg (1)
- Health insurance (1)
- Heat transport by conduction (1)
- Heimatdichtung (1)
- Helmuth Plessner (1)
- Henri Bergson (1)
- Heterogenität (1)
- Hippo signaling (1)
- Hochdeutsch (1)
- Hochschule (1)
- Horace Kallen (1)
- Human Rights Litigation (1)
- Human physical conditioning (1)
- ICDP (1)
- ICT (1)
- ICT curriculum (1)
- IRF-Sequenz (1)
- ISSEP (1)
- Identität (1)
- Idiomatik (1)
- Idiomology (1)
- Informatics (1)
- Informatics Education (1)
- Informatik B. Sc. (1)
- Informatikstudium (1)
- Information Ethics (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury risk (1)
- Inter-individual differences (1)
- Interactional Linguistics (1)
- Interaktionsanalyse (1)
- Interdisziplinarität (1)
- Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit (1)
- Internationales Privatrecht (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Intersectionality (1)
- Intervention Effect (1)
- Interventionen (1)
- Interventionsseminar (1)
- Intonation (1)
- Intuitive eating (1)
- Inverted Classroom (1)
- Inverted Classroom Modell (1)
- Iron Age (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Isaac Leeser (1)
- Isaac Mayer Wise (1)
- Israel (1)
- J. J. (1)
- Jacques Derrida (1)
- Jagdunfall <Motiv> (1)
- Jahn (1)
- Jakob von Uexküll (1)
- Japanese (1)
- Julius (1)
- Jurkat cells (1)
- Just so stories (1)
- KI (1)
- KI-Anwendung (1)
- KI-basierte Anwendungen (1)
- Kindertherapie (1)
- Kindesalter (1)
- Klimapolitik (1)
- Kohärenz (1)
- Kohärenz über die Praxisphasen (1)
- Kollisionsrecht (1)
- Kommunalfinanzen (1)
- Kommunalrecht (1)
- Kommunalreform (1)
- Kommunalverwaltung (1)
- Kommunalwissenschaften (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kommunikative Partizipation (1)
- Kompetenz (1)
- Kompetenzen (1)
- Kompetenzerwerb (1)
- Kompetenzorientierung (1)
- Kompetenzraster (1)
- Kontingenz (1)
- Konversionsmaßnahmen (1)
- Konzeptionelle Überlegungen (1)
- Kooperationslabor (1)
- Kröger (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- K−12 teachers (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LCSM (1)
- LC–MS/MS (1)
- LDL (1)
- LGBTQI+-Rechte (1)
- Lake Holzmaar (1)
- Lake Malawi (1)
- Langbehn (1)
- Lautes Denken (1)
- Lautstärkeverarbeitung (1)
- Learning Analytics (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Lehr- und Lernformate (1)
- Lehr-/Lernkonzept (1)
- Lehr-Lern-Labor (1)
- Lehramtsstudium (1)
- Lehramtsstudium Biologie (1)
- Lehrkonzept (1)
- Lehrkräfteausbildung (1)
- Lehrkräftemangel (1)
- Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung (1)
- Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung für Inklusion (1)
- Lehrpersonenbildung (1)
- Lehrämtervergleich (1)
- Lern-Infrastruktur (1)
- Lernerfolg (1)
- Lerntagebuch (1)
- Lernumgebungen (1)
- Lernzentrum (1)
- Leseleistung (1)
- Levy walks (1)
- Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz (LkSG) (1)
- Liliencron (1)
- Locally structured correlation (1)
- Locally structured standard deviation (1)
- Luhnstedt (1)
- M1/M2 differentiation (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MCI (1)
- MSAP (1)
- Machbarkeitsstudie (1)
- Mandarin-English bilinguals (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Mathematikunterricht (1)
- Matthew effect (1)
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1)
- Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (1)
- Mediendidaktische Reflexion (1)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (1)
- Meißenheim (1)
- Memory studies (1)
- Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (1)
- Menschenopfer <Motiv> (1)
- Menschenrechtsklage (Human Rights Litigation) (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Mentalität (1)
- Meta-Reflexivität (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- MiSpEx (1)
- MiSpEx-network (1)
- Michel Foucault (1)
- Microtus arvalis (1)
- Militär <Motiv> (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobile Health (1)
- Mobile diagnostics (1)
- Mobiles Lernen (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Moco biosynthesis (1)
- Moderne jüdische Geschichte (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (1)
- Morbus Parkinson (1)
- Moritz (1)
- Motor system (1)
- Movement (1)
- Movement ecology (1)
- Multiparadigmatik (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- Musik (1)
- Musikunterricht (1)
- N400 (1)
- NAFLD/MAFLD (1)
- NATO (1)
- NP-deletion (1)
- Natural Language Processing (1)
- Navigation (1)
- Nehemia Robinson (1)
- Neuruppin (1)
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- Noradrenaline (1)
- Norddeutschland (1)
- Northern Germany (1)
- Number processing (1)
- NutriAct Family Study (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- ODBA (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Omicron (1)
- Online Self Assessment (1)
- Online-Self-Assessment (1)
- Ontologie (1)
- Open-Source-Software H5P (1)
- Organisation (1)
- Orthodox Judaism (1)
- Overhead athletes (1)
- PLV (1)
- Partial Little Square (1)
- Partizipationsmodell (1)
- Partizipatives Lernen (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Peer Instruction (1)
- Peer-Befriending (1)
- Peer-Review (1)
- Personas (1)
- Personenorientierung (1)
- Perspektivenübernahme (1)
- Phase Locking Value (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Phraseology (1)
- Physical training (1)
- Physik (1)
- Phänomologie (1)
- Pilotstudiengang (1)
- Pipistrellus nathusii (1)
- Pitch Reset (1)
- Plyometric exercise (1)
- Podcast (1)
- Post-Focus Reduction (1)
- Postural control (1)
- Potsdam (1)
- Praxis-Theorie-Verknüpfung (1)
- Praxisphasen (1)
- Praxisreflexion (1)
- Preußen (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary informatics (1)
- Prior knowledge (1)
- Private International Law (conflict of laws) (1)
- Problem solving (1)
- Problem solving strategies (1)
- Problembasiertes Lernen (1)
- Professional Vision (1)
- Professionswissen (1)
- Programming environments for children (1)
- Programming learning (1)
- Prussia (1)
- Pytho n (1)
- Quantificational Variability (1)
- Quantitative Trait Locus (1)
- Quantitative Trait Locus analysis (1)
- Querschnittskompetenzen (1)
- Rabbiner (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Rape of Ganymede (1)
- Recht auf Achtung des Privat- und Familienlebens (1)
- Recht auf Kenntnis der eigenen Abstammung (1)
- Rechtsgeschichte (1)
- Referendariat (1)
- Reflektieren (1)
- Reflexionsanlässe (1)
- Reflexionsanregung (1)
- Reflexionsbogen (1)
- Reflexionsebenen (1)
- Reflexionsfähigkeit (1)
- Reflexionsqualität (1)
- Reform Judaism (1)
- Reformjudentum (1)
- Regionalplanung (1)
- Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II) (1)
- Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 (Brussels Ibis) (1)
- Reisen (1)
- Rembrandt <<Harmensz van Rijn> (1)
- Repetition (1)
- Reproducible benchmarking (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Resonanz (1)
- Ressource (1)
- Restaphasie (1)
- Rhythmustraining (1)
- Rotifera (1)
- Rundfunk (1)
- Rural health (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SEPE Factors (1)
- SEPS factors (1)
- SES (1)
- SFON (1)
- SRTM (1)
- STEM (1)
- Sachunterricht (1)
- Samen- und Eizellenspende (1)
- Sammelband (1)
- Schlüsselfiguren (1)
- Schriftsteller <Motiv> (1)
- Scientific understanding of Information (1)
- Sedimentary basin (1)
- Shire River (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Sievers (1)
- Situationsrelevanz (1)
- Smartness (1)
- Social impact (1)
- Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors (1)
- Sociotechnical Design (1)
- Sorgeberechtigte (1)
- South-Eastern Africa (1)
- Soziale Medien (1)
- Sozialer Aufstieg (1)
- Specific wood density (1)
- Sport-specific performance (1)
- Sprachentwicklung (1)
- Sprachentwicklungsstörung (1)
- Sprachförderung (1)
- Sprachsensibilität (1)
- Sprechmotorik (1)
- St. Nicolas House Analysis (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Standard deviation (1)
- Statistical Exercise (1)
- Staunen (1)
- Steuerung (1)
- Strukturlegetechnik (1)
- Strukturtheorie (1)
- Stud.IP (1)
- Student Engagement (1)
- Studienanfänger*innen (1)
- Studieneingang (1)
- Studieneingangsphase (1)
- Studienerfolg (1)
- Studiengestaltung (1)
- Studienmotivation (1)
- Studienverläufe (1)
- Studium (1)
- Sway (1)
- TLR signaling (1)
- TMAO reductase (1)
- TMS (1)
- Tagung (1)
- TanDEM-X (1)
- Teaching problem solving strategies (1)
- Teatro Olimpico (1)
- Telehealth (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Territorialorganisation (1)
- Tersteegen (1)
- Themenzentrierte Interaktion (1)
- Theodor W. Adorno (1)
- Therapie (1)
- Therapieformate (1)
- Timm (1)
- Tiredness (1)
- Topic (1)
- Trajectories (1)
- Transaktionsanalyse (1)
- Transdisziplinarität (1)
- Tree allometry (1)
- Twitter (1)
- UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) (1)
- UN-Leitprinzipien für Wirtschaft und Menschenrechte (UNGP) (1)
- Ulmener Maar Tephra (1)
- Ulrich Sonnemann (1)
- Umfrage (1)
- Umsetzung (1)
- Union (1)
- Unterrichtsaufgaben (1)
- Unterrichtsmethoden (1)
- Unterrichtsplanungsfähigkeit (1)
- Unterrichtswahrnehmung (1)
- Unterstützte Kommunikation (1)
- VERA (1)
- VP-ellipsis (1)
- VR (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Variance (1)
- Verhaltensintention (1)
- Verordnung (EG) 864/2007 (Rom II) (1)
- Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1215/2012 (Brüssel Ia) (1)
- Verwaltungskooperation (1)
- Verwaltungsrecht (1)
- Vicenza (1)
- Videografie (1)
- Videovignetten (1)
- Vorbereitungsdienst (1)
- Vorkenntnisse (1)
- Vorwissen (1)
- Völkerverständigung <Motiv> (1)
- Wahrnehmen (1)
- Wearable electronic device (1)
- Wearable technology (1)
- Weihnachten <Motiv> (1)
- Weihnachtsbrauch (1)
- Weltbeziehungssoziologie (1)
- Wh-question (1)
- Whinterrogatives (1)
- Wirkungsforschung (1)
- Wissenschaftsgeschichte (1)
- Wissensgeschichte (1)
- Women and IT (1)
- Wood specific gravity (1)
- Woody aboveground biomass (1)
- WorldDEM (1)
- X-ray (1)
- Yamal (1)
- Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz) (1)
- Zusammenarbeit (1)
- Zusatzprotokoll (1)
- Zyklusmodell (1)
- academic leadership (1)
- accelerometer (1)
- acclimation (1)
- acid mine drainage (1)
- acoustic communication (1)
- acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization (1)
- adaptive Erklärkompetenz (1)
- adaptive management (1)
- addition (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- advanced dynamic flow (1)
- advancement (1)
- aerobic power (1)
- affect (1)
- agence nationale d’assurance qualité en Guinée (1)
- aggression (1)
- aging (1)
- agricultural landscape (1)
- akzessorisch (1)
- alcoholism <literary theme> (1)
- allocation policies (1)
- alpha-2 (1)
- amino acids (1)
- animal migration (1)
- animal personality (1)
- anomalous diffusion (1)
- anterior PNP (1)
- anthropometry (1)
- anti-cancer drugs (1)
- anti-humanism (1)
- antibody (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- application of artificial intelligence (1)
- approximate methods (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- astronomy <literary theme> (1)
- asymptotic method (1)
- athletes (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- augmented reality (1)
- automated radio telemetry (1)
- balance (1)
- baroclinicity (1)
- basic need satisfaction and frustration (1)
- bats (1)
- behavior problems (1)
- behavioral and self-report measures (1)
- behavioral type (1)
- behaviour (1)
- benchmarking (1)
- berufliche Schulen (1)
- berufliches Lehramt (1)
- berufsbiographischer Ansatz (1)
- bibliometric analysis (1)
- bimodale Bilingualitäte (1)
- bio-psycho-soziales Modell der ICF (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biological age (1)
- biology (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- birth weight (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- blockchain (1)
- body mass index (1)
- body proportions (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brain health (1)
- breastfeeding (1)
- broadcasting (1)
- buffer zones (1)
- burnout (1)
- business process management (1)
- business processes (1)
- cTBS (1)
- callous-unemotional traits (1)
- callousness (1)
- camelid antibody (1)
- camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (1)
- capabilities (1)
- capacity building (1)
- carbon cycling (1)
- cardiac catheterization (CC) (1)
- cardiac development (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- catch-up-growth (1)
- cellular bioenergetics (1)
- cellulose polymeric organic matter (1)
- central and peripheral vision (1)
- change of direction speed (1)
- changepoint analysis (1)
- changepoint detection (1)
- chaperone (1)
- child growth (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chimera (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chronic health condition (1)
- chronic undernutrition (1)
- citation analysis (1)
- climate change adaptation (1)
- climate policy (1)
- clinical sample (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cognitive bias (1)
- cognitive/muscular fatigue (1)
- collaboration (1)
- collegial casework (1)
- color (1)
- community model (1)
- competence (1)
- completion rates (1)
- composition (1)
- computational thinking (1)
- computer science (1)
- computing science education (1)
- concept of algorithm (1)
- conjunction (1)
- constraint (1)
- constructionism (1)
- consultation (1)
- content knowledge (1)
- continuing education activities (1)
- copy number analyses (1)
- corpus dataset (1)
- cost optimisation (1)
- counting (1)
- creativity (1)
- cross-species capture (1)
- cultural pluralism (1)
- culture de la qualité (1)
- cyberaggression (1)
- cytosine methylation (1)
- cytosolic tRNA thiolation (1)
- daily home-made measurements (1)
- deep neural networks (1)
- deferred choice (1)
- definite descriptions (1)
- dental eruption (1)
- depressive disorder (1)
- depressive symptoms (1)
- derivational complexity (1)
- design of experiment (1)
- design thinking (1)
- deutsch-jüdische Geschichte (1)
- development (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic (1)
- didactique participative (1)
- digital technologies (1)
- digital transformation (1)
- digitale Lernumgebung (1)
- digitale Transformation (1)
- digitales interaktives Lernmaterial (1)
- digitales soziales Netzwerk (1)
- diketopiperazine (1)
- disaster risk reduction (1)
- discrepancy principle (1)
- disorder recognition (1)
- distress (1)
- doctoral studies (1)
- drought events (1)
- drought intensity (1)
- drought projections (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug-sensitivity prediction (1)
- eavesdropping (1)
- eccentricity (1)
- echolocation (1)
- economy (1)
- ecophysiology (1)
- ecosystem restoration (1)
- education (1)
- eicosanoids (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- elevated plus-maze (1)
- elf-determination theory (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- emergency management (1)
- emotional regulation (1)
- emotional stress (1)
- emotionale Schulerfahrungen (1)
- endocardium (1)
- endophytes (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- energy policy (1)
- engaged computing (1)
- enhancement (1)
- entropy (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- erste Phase der Lehrer:innenbildung (1)
- erste Phase der Lehrkräftebildung (1)
- erythropoiesis (1)
- ethischer Relativismus (1)
- europe (1)
- european (1)
- europäische Geschichte (1)
- everyday life (1)
- ex-situ focus (1)
- examples of best practice (1)
- exercise cognition (1)
- exercise test (1)
- exercise training (1)
- external load (1)
- extracellular enzymes (1)
- extremophiles (1)
- eye movements (1)
- fachdidaktische Entwicklungsforschung (1)
- fear (1)
- feature selection (1)
- federated learning (1)
- feedback (1)
- feeling of presence (1)
- fence ecology (1)
- fiction (1)
- finite-size effects (1)
- first-passage time (1)
- first-reaction time (1)
- fitness (1)
- flexibility (1)
- floods (1)
- focus (1)
- focus marker (1)
- focus marking (1)
- focus movement (1)
- food access (1)
- food web (1)
- foreign language teaching (1)
- foreign policy (1)
- formal semantics (1)
- fractionation (1)
- frame index (1)
- frames of reference (1)
- freshwater (1)
- frustration (1)
- functional traits (1)
- fungi (1)
- fächerverbindend (1)
- gait (1)
- games (1)
- gehörlos (1)
- general secondary education (1)
- genome scan (1)
- gesture (1)
- global change (1)
- globale Aphasie (1)
- governance (1)
- grammaticalization (1)
- graphs (1)
- grenzüberschreitende Kooperation (1)
- ground reaction forces (1)
- growth references (1)
- growth standards (1)
- growth tempo (1)
- guideline (1)
- happiness (1)
- healthcare (1)
- heart rate (1)
- heavy-chain-only antibody (1)
- height in history (1)
- heliozoa (1)
- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- high-sodium (1)
- hippocampal-prefrontal network (1)
- historical growth (1)
- history of science (1)
- homologous recombination deficiency (1)
- homology-directed repair (1)
- hospitalization (1)
- human excised skin (1)
- human physical conditioning (1)
- human sacrifice <literary theme> (1)
- humiliation <literary theme> (1)
- hunting accident <literary theme> (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- hydrolysis (1)
- iPhone (1)
- imaginary world (1)
- implementation (1)
- in-service training (1)
- individuelle Lernwege (1)
- informatics curricula (1)
- informatics education (1)
- informatics in upper secondary education (1)
- informatische Grundkompetenzen (1)
- injury risk (1)
- inquiry (1)
- instruction (1)
- insulin (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- integration (1)
- intellectual ability (1)
- intellectual history (1)
- intelligence (1)
- intergroup contacts (1)
- internal load (1)
- international (1)
- international comparison (1)
- international cooperation (1)
- international study (1)
- international understanding <literary theme> (1)
- internationalisation for higher education (1)
- interreligious dialogue (1)
- interreligiöser Dialog (1)
- intonation (1)
- intonation units (1)
- intra-organ-communication (1)
- intraguild predation (1)
- ion-exchange chromatography (1)
- justice (1)
- jüdische Orthodoxie (1)
- kasuistische Lehrkräftebildung (1)
- kelp (1)
- kinematics (1)
- knots (1)
- kollegiale Fallbesprechung (1)
- kommunale Selbstverwaltung (1)
- kommunikative Partizipation (1)
- kriteriengeleitete Reflexion (1)
- kultureller Pluralismus (1)
- lake catchments (1)
- lakes (1)
- landscape transience (1)
- language change (1)
- language courses (1)
- leader (1)
- legal history (1)
- lesson (1)
- linear enamel hypoplasia (1)
- linear sprint (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipids (1)
- local governance (1)
- locus coeruleus (1)
- logic programming (1)
- loi de vigilance (1)
- lokale Governance (1)
- long-term effects (1)
- low back pain (1)
- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- low-back-pain (1)
- ländliche Räume (1)
- l’assurance qualité dans l’enseignement supérieur guinéen (1)
- macrostructure (1)
- magnitude estimation (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- mandatory computer science foundations (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- math (1)
- mathematical development (1)
- mathematical precursor (1)
- maturation (1)
- mcgraph (1)
- meaning (1)
- measurement (1)
- mechanobiology (1)
- memory studies (1)
- mental health (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mental simulation (1)
- mentality (1)
- meta-science (1)
- metabolic disease (1)
- metathesis (1)
- meteorological drought (1)
- methods (1)
- miRNA (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microfacies (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microstructure (1)
- migrants (1)
- migration (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- military <literary theme> (1)
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (1)
- mini growth spurt (1)
- mining lakes (1)
- misconceptions (1)
- mitochondrial adaptation (1)
- mixed methods (1)
- mobility (1)
- molecular species identification (1)
- molecular weaving (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (1)
- monensin (1)
- motor-control-exercise (1)
- movement (1)
- multidisciplinary intervention (1)
- multidisciplinary-therapy (1)
- multiple modalities (1)
- municipality (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle strength (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- myocardium (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- nanogels (1)
- narrative (1)
- narrative skills (1)
- narrative structure (1)
- national quality assurance agency in Guinea (1)
- natural language processing (1)
- natural particle (1)
- nature of science (1)
- need profiles (1)
- neovascularization (1)
- network reconstruction (1)
- networks (1)
- neue Technologien (1)
- neurological disorders (1)
- neuromuscular (1)
- neutralization (1)
- nineteenth century (1)
- nonlinear operator (1)
- novel biomarkers (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- number knowledge (1)
- numerical development (1)
- numerical skills (1)
- nutrition (1)
- nutritional status (1)
- object culture (1)
- object search (1)
- oncology (1)
- ontology (1)
- open-field (1)
- optimal rate (1)
- oracles (1)
- osteuropäisch-jüdische Geschichte (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen consumption (1)
- pace of life (1)
- paleoclimate (1)
- pandemic (1)
- parentage (1)
- participatory didactics (1)
- past biosphere (1)
- peacebuilding (1)
- peak height velocity (1)
- pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (1)
- pedagogical reasoning (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- performance (1)
- performance evaluation (1)
- periodic entanglement (1)
- permafrost (1)
- phenomenology (1)
- phonetics (1)
- phonotaxis (1)
- photoresponse (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- phraseology (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physical time (1)
- physiology (1)
- playback (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
- poet <literary theme> (1)
- policy recommendations (1)
- political ideology (1)
- political speech (1)
- polyenoic fatty acids (1)
- post-natal (1)
- posterior P600 (1)
- pre-natal (1)
- pre-service teacher (1)
- precaution (1)
- precuneus (1)
- predictability (1)
- predictive models (1)
- preschool children (1)
- preschoolers (1)
- prevention (1)
- primary school (1)
- priming (1)
- print culture (1)
- privacy and security (1)
- privacy attack (1)
- probabilistic processing (1)
- problem solving (1)
- processing (1)
- professional development (1)
- professional knowledge (1)
- professionalization (1)
- professionelle Handlungskompetenz (1)
- professionelle Handlungskompetenzen (1)
- progress <literary theme> (1)
- proposal writing (1)
- prosocial (1)
- prosody (1)
- protein modification (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- psychoeducation (1)
- psychopathology (1)
- psychophysiological (1)
- psychotherapy process (1)
- pubertal timing (1)
- public health (1)
- public universities in Kenya (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- purification (1)
- qualitativ-rekonstruktive Methoden der Sozialforschung (1)
- quality (1)
- quality assurance (1)
- quality assurance in Guinean higher education (1)
- quality assurance structures (1)
- quality culture (1)
- quality evaluation (1)
- quality in higher education (1)
- questioning solutions (1)
- rabbis (1)
- random sampling (1)
- reception of Goethe (1)
- recombinant inbred line (1)
- redox state (1)
- refined consensus model (RCM) (1)
- reflective breadth (1)
- reflective depth (1)
- reflective skills (1)
- reflexionsbezogene Lerngelegenheit (1)
- reflexive Grundhaltung (1)
- reflexive Inklusion (1)
- reflexiver Habitus (1)
- reflexives Schreiben (1)
- refugees (1)
- regional literature (1)
- regularization (1)
- regulation of growth (1)
- relative clause (1)
- religious education (1)
- religiöse Bildung (1)
- remote sensing data (1)
- remote teaching (1)
- renewable energy (1)
- repetition (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- research design (1)
- resistance training (1)
- resource (1)
- resource-tracking (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- response styles theory (1)
- response time (1)
- resting-state fMRI (1)
- reversed-phase chromatography (1)
- review (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- risk management (1)
- role-play (1)
- rotifer (1)
- rumination (1)
- runners (1)
- running mechanics (1)
- rural (1)
- rural areas (1)
- rédaction de projets (1)
- sAA (1)
- scene memorization (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- science (1)
- science teaching (1)
- secular changes (1)
- sedaDNA (1)
- sedentary (1)
- sediment core (1)
- selenite (1)
- self-control (1)
- seminar concept (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensomotorische Synchronisation (1)
- sexuelle Orientierung (1)
- sheet of pictures (1)
- shell-like geometries (1)
- short-term growth (1)
- signal propagation (1)
- single case analysis (1)
- single domain antibodies (1)
- single-case design (1)
- single-case experimental design (1)
- situated learning (1)
- skeletal age (1)
- skin penetration (1)
- smart contracts (1)
- smart region (1)
- smarte Region (1)
- smartness (1)
- social capital (1)
- social class (1)
- social environment (1)
- social networking (1)
- social status insecurity (1)
- socioeconomy (1)
- solitary bees (1)
- soliton (1)
- sonography (1)
- sorting (1)
- source-to-sink (1)
- soziales Netzwerk (1)
- spatial autocorrelation (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial language (1)
- spatial updating (1)
- spatially explicit (1)
- special education (1)
- speech (1)
- spoken discourse (1)
- sport-specific performance (1)
- sports (1)
- spreadsheets (1)
- standardized patient (1)
- standardized patient information (1)
- standards (1)
- standing long jump (1)
- starch granule (1)
- starch granule morphology (1)
- starch granule size (1)
- starch metabolism (1)
- step-growth polymerization (1)
- stochastic resetting (1)
- storm tracks (1)
- stratigraphy (1)
- stress (1)
- stress intervention (1)
- stress management (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- structural and operational changes (1)
- structures d’assurance qualité (1)
- studentische Forschung (1)
- study designs (1)
- study protocol (1)
- subtraction (1)
- succession <literary theme> (1)
- sulfite oxidase (1)
- superstition <literary theme> (1)
- sustainability (1)
- syntax (1)
- tVNS (1)
- tacrolimus formulation (1)
- taekwondo electronic scoring system (1)
- taekwondo-specific testing (1)
- talk-in-interaction (1)
- tangles (1)
- target capture (1)
- teacher (1)
- teacher education (1)
- teacher learning (1)
- teacher quality (1)
- teaching education (1)
- teaching material (1)
- teaching practice (1)
- technical progress (1)
- technischer Fortschritt (1)
- tendinosis (1)
- territorial behaviour (1)
- territory (1)
- test items (1)
- theoriegeleitete Praxisphasen (1)
- therapeutisches Milieu (1)
- therapist competence (1)
- theta (1)
- time-efficient exercise (1)
- tone languages (1)
- topics (1)
- toxicity (1)
- training adaptation (1)
- training for sustainability (1)
- training programme (1)
- trancendence (1)
- transatlantic history (1)
- transatlantische Geschichte (1)
- transcendence (1)
- transformation products (1)
- transformatorische Bildung (1)
- translation (1)
- travel (1)
- treatment integrity (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- type 2 diabetes (1)
- type specimens (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- uncaring (1)
- unemotional (1)
- ungulate (1)
- university leadership in Malaysia (1)
- university management (1)
- universitäre Lehrkräftebildung (1)
- usability (1)
- vanity <literary theme> (1)
- variabler Unterrichtsmodus (1)
- varves (1)
- verb placement in Germanic (1)
- veterinary cordon fence (1)
- veterinary drugs (1)
- vicious cycle (1)
- videobasierte Unterrichtsreflexion (1)
- vignettes (1)
- virus infection (1)
- voice (1)
- water sports (1)
- wh-ex-situ (1)
- wh-in-situ (1)
- wh-questions (1)
- wheat (1)
- wildlife and habitat management (1)
- wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (1)
- wissenschaftliches Schreiben (1)
- workflow patterns (1)
- working memory (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- youth soccer (1)
- youth sport (1)
- youth sports (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zweite Ausbildungsphase (1)
- évaluation de la qualité (1)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (1)
- „Natur der Naturwissenschaften“ (1)
Institute
- Extern (694)
- Zentrum für Umweltwissenschaften (82)
- Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung (ZeLB) (59)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (43)
- Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. (36)
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (32)
- Strafrecht (28)
- dbs Deutscher Bundesverband für akademische Sprachtherapie und Logopädie e.V. (26)
- MenschenRechtsZentrum (21)
- Department Linguistik (16)
Biological invasions may result from multiple introductions, which might compensate for reduced gene pools caused by bottleneck events, but could also dilute adaptive processes. A previous common-garden experiment showed heritable latitudinal clines in fitness-related traits in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis in Central Europe. These latitudinal clines remained stable even in plants chemically treated with zebularine to reduce epigenetic variation. However, despite the heritability of traits investigated, genetic isolation-by-distance was non-significant. Utilizing the same specimens, we applied a molecular analysis of (epi)genetic differentiation with standard and methylation-sensitive (MSAP) AFLPs. We tested whether this variation was spatially structured among populations and whether zebularine had altered epigenetic variation. Additionally, we used genome scans to mine for putative outlier loci susceptible to selection processes in the invaded range. Despite the absence of isolation-by-distance, we found spatial genetic neighborhoods among populations and two AFLP clusters differentiating northern and southern Solidago populations. Genetic and epigenetic diversity were significantly correlated, but not linked to phenotypic variation. Hence, no spatial epigenetic patterns were detected along the latitudinal gradient sampled. Applying genome-scan approaches (BAYESCAN, BAYESCENV, RDA, and LFMM), we found 51 genetic and epigenetic loci putatively responding to selection. One of these genetic loci was significantly more frequent in populations at the northern range. Also, one epigenetic locus was more frequent in populations in the southern range, but this pattern was lost under zebularine treatment. Our results point to some genetic, but not epigenetic adaptation processes along a large-scale latitudinal gradient of S. canadensis in its invasive range.
Physical fatigue (PF) negatively affects postural control, resulting in impaired balance performance in young and older adults. Similar effects on postural control can be observed for mental fatigue (MF) mainly in older adults. Controversial results exist for young adults. There is a void in the literature on the effects of fatigue on balance and cortical activity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the acute effects of PF and MF on postural sway and cortical activity. Fifteen healthy young adults aged 28 ± 3 years participated in this study. MF and PF protocols comprising of an all-out repeated sit-to-stand task and a computer-based attention network test, respectively, were applied in random order. Pre and post fatigue, cortical activity and postural sway (i.e., center of pressure displacements [CoPd], velocity [CoPv], and CoP variability [CV CoPd, CV CoPv]) were tested during a challenging bipedal balance board task. Absolute spectral power was calculated for theta (4–7.5 Hz), alpha-2 (10.5–12.5 Hz), beta-1 (13–18 Hz), and beta-2 (18.5–25 Hz) in frontal, central, and parietal regions of interest (ROI) and baseline-normalized. Inference statistics revealed a significant time-by-fatigue interaction for CoPd (p = 0.009, d = 0.39, Δ 9.2%) and CoPv (p = 0.009, d = 0.36, Δ 9.2%), and a significant main effect of time for CoP variability (CV CoPd: p = 0.001, d = 0.84; CV CoPv: p = 0.05, d = 0.62). Post hoc analyses showed a significant increase in CoPd (p = 0.002, d = 1.03) and CoPv (p = 0.003, d = 1.03) following PF but not MF. For cortical activity, a significant time-by-fatigue interaction was found for relative alpha-2 power in parietal (p < 0.001, d = 0.06) areas. Post hoc tests indicated larger alpha-2 power increases after PF (p < 0.001, d = 1.69, Δ 3.9%) compared to MF (p = 0.001, d = 1.03, Δ 2.5%). In addition, changes in parietal alpha-2 power and measures of postural sway did not correlate significantly, irrespective of the applied fatigue protocol. No significant changes were found for the other frequency bands, irrespective of the fatigue protocol and ROI under investigation. Thus, the applied PF protocol resulted in increased postural sway (CoPd and CoPv) and CoP variability accompanied by enhanced alpha-2 power in the parietal ROI while MF led to increased CoP variability and alpha-2 power in our sample of young adults. Potential underlying cortical mechanisms responsible for the greater increase in parietal alpha-2 power after PF were discussed but could not be clearly identified as cause. Therefore, further future research is needed to decipher alternative interpretations.
The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminative validity of a new taekwondo-specific change-of-direction (COD) speed test with striking techniques (TST) in elite taekwondo athletes. Twenty (10 males and 10 females) elite (athletes who compete at national level) and top-elite (athletes who compete at national and international level) taekwondo athletes with an average training background of 8.9 ± 1.3 years of systematic taekwondo training participated in this study. During the two-week test-retest period, various generic performance tests measuring COD speed, balance, speed, and jump performance were carried out during the first week and as a retest during the second week. Three TST trials were conducted with each athlete and the best trial was used for further analyses. The relevant performance measure derived from the TST was the time with striking penalty (TST-TSP). TST-TSP performances amounted to 10.57 ± 1.08 s for males and 11.74 ± 1.34 s for females. The reliability analysis of the TST performance was conducted after logarithmic transformation, in order to address the problem of heteroscedasticity. In both groups, the TST demonstrated a high relative test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients and 90% compatibility limits were 0.80 and 0.47 to 0.93, respectively). For absolute reliability, the TST’s typical error of measurement (TEM), 90% compatibility limits, and magnitudes were 4.6%, 3.4 to 7.7, for males, and 5.4%, 3.9 to 9.0, for females. The homogeneous sample of taekwondo athletes meant that the TST’s TEM exceeded the usual smallest important change (SIC) with 0.2 effect size in the two groups. The new test showed mostly very large correlations with linear sprint speed (r = 0.71 to 0.85) and dynamic balance (r = −0.71 and −0.74), large correlations with COD speed (r = 0.57 to 0.60) and vertical jump performance (r = −0.50 to −0.65), and moderate correlations with horizontal jump performance (r = −0.34 to −0.45) and static balance (r = −0.39 to −0.44). Top-elite athletes showed better TST performances than elite counterparts. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the TST effectively discriminated between top-elite and elite taekwondo athletes. In conclusion, the TST is a valid, and sensitive test to evaluate the COD speed with taekwondo specific skills, and reliable when considering ICC and TEM. Although the usefulness of the TST is questioned to detect small performance changes in the present population, the TST can detect moderate changes in taekwondo-specific COD speed.
Background: There is evidence that fully recovered COVID-19 patients usually resume physical exercise, but do not perform at the same intensity level performed prior to infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection and recovery as well as muscle fatigue on cardiorespiratory fitness and running biomechanics in female recreational runners.
Methods: Twenty-eight females were divided into a group of hospitalized and recovered COVID-19 patients (COV, n = 14, at least 14 days following recovery) and a group of healthy age-matched controls (CTR, n = 14). Ground reaction forces from stepping on a force plate while barefoot overground running at 3.3 m/s was measured before and after a fatiguing protocol. The fatigue protocol consisted of incrementally increasing running speed until reaching a score of 13 on the 6–20 Borg scale, followed by steady-state running until exhaustion. The effects of group and fatigue were assessed for steady-state running duration, steady-state running speed, ground contact time, vertical instantaneous loading rate and peak propulsion force.
Results: COV runners completed only 56% of the running time achieved by the CTR (p < 0.0001), and at a 26% slower steady-state running speed (p < 0.0001). There were fatigue-related reductions in loading rate (p = 0.004) without group differences. Increased ground contact time (p = 0.002) and reduced peak propulsion force (p = 0.005) were found for COV when compared to CTR.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that female runners who recovered from COVID-19 showed compromised running endurance and altered running kinetics in the form of longer stance periods and weaker propulsion forces. More research is needed in this area using larger sample sizes to confirm our study findings.
Objective: A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.
Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 ± 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions.
Results: Both exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (p < 0.001, η2: 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (p < 0.001, η2: 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (p < 0.001, η2: 0.976), with a nearly 50% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers.
Background: Child growth is a dynamic process. When measured at short intervals, children’s growth shows characteristic patterns that can be of great importance for clinical purposes.
Objective: To study whether measuring height on a daily basis using an APP is practicable and user-friendly.
Methods: Recruitment took place via Snowball Sampling. Thirteen out of 14 contacted families signed up for a study period of 12 weeks with altogether 22 healthy children aged 3 to 13 years (response rate 93%). The study started with a visit to the family home for the setup of the measurement site, conventional height measuring and initial training of the new measurement process. Follow-up appointments were made at four, eight and 12 weeks. The children’s height was measured at daily intervals at their family homes over a period of three months.
Results: The parents altogether recorded 1704 height measurements and meticulously documented practicability and problems when using the device.
A 93% response rate in recruitment was achieved by maintaining a high motivation within the families. Contact with the principal investigator was permanently available, including open communication, personal training and attendance during the appointments at the family homes.
Conclusion: Measuring height by photographic display is interesting for children and parents and can be used for height measurements at home. A positive response rate of 13 out of 14 families with altogether 22 children highlights feasible recruitment and the high convenience and user-friendliness of daily APP-supported height measurements. Daily APP measurements appear to be a promising new tool for longitudinal growth studies.
Background
Eating in absence of hunger is quite common and often associated with an increased energy intake co-existent with a poorer food choice. Intuitive eating (IE), i.e., eating in accordance with internal hunger and satiety cues, may protect from overeating. IE, however, requires accurate perception and processing of one’s own bodily signals, also referred to as interoceptive sensitivity. Training interoceptive sensitivity might therefore be an effective method to promote IE and prevent overeating. As most studies on eating behavior are conducted in younger adults and close social relationships influence health-related behavior, this study focuses on middle-aged and older couples.
Methods
The present pilot randomized intervention study aims at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a 21-day mindfulness-based training program designed to increase interoceptive sensitivity. A total of N = 60 couples participating in the NutriAct Family Study, aged 50–80 years, will be recruited. This randomized-controlled intervention study comprises three measurement points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 4-week follow-up) and a 21-day training that consists of daily mindfulness-based guided audio exercises (e.g., body scan). A three-arm intervention study design is applied to compare two intervention groups (training together as a couple vs. training alone) with a control group (no training). Each measurement point includes the assessment of self-reported and objective indicators of interoceptive sensitivity (primary outcome), self-reported indicators of intuitive and maladaptive eating (secondary outcomes), and additional variables. A training evaluation applying focus group discussions will be conducted to assess participants’ overall acceptance of the training and its feasibility.
Discussion
By investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program to increase interoceptive sensitivity, the present study will contribute to a deeper understanding of how to promote healthy eating in older age.
Objective: There is a lack of brief rating scales for the reliable assessment of psychotherapeutic skills, which do not require intensive rater training and/or a high level of expertise. Thus, the objective is to validate a 14-item version of the Clinical Communication Skills Scale (CCSS-S).
Methods: Using a sample of N = 690 video-based ratings of role-plays with simulated patients, we calculated a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), assessed convergent validities, determined inter-rater reliabilities and compared these with those who were either psychology students, advanced psychotherapy trainees, or experts.
Results: Correlations with other competence rating scales were high (rs > 0.86–0.89). The intraclass correlations ranged between moderate and good [ICC(2,2) = 0.65–0.80], with student raters yielding the lowest scores. The one-factor model only marginally replicated the data, but the internal consistencies were excellent (α = 0.91–95). The ESEM yielded a two-factor solution (Collaboration and Structuring and Exploration Skills).
Conclusion: The CCSS-S is a brief and valid rating scale that reliably assesses basic communication skills, which is particularly useful for psychotherapy training using standardized role-plays. To ensure good inter-rater reliabilities, it is still advisable to employ raters with at least some clinical experience. Future studies should further investigate the one- or two-factor structure of the instrument.
Glaciated high-alpine areas are fundamentally altered by climate change, with well-known implications for hydrology, e.g., due to glacier retreat, longer snow-free periods, and more frequent and intense summer rainstorms. While knowledge on how these hydrological changes will propagate to suspended sediment dynamics is still scarce, it is needed to inform mitigation and adaptation strategies. To understand the processes and source areas most relevant to sediment dynamics, we analyzed discharge and sediment dynamics in high temporal resolution as well as their patterns on several spatial scales, which to date few studies have done.
We used a nested catchment setup in the Upper Ötztal in Tyrol, Austria, where high-resolution (15 min) time series of discharge and suspended sediment concentrations are available for up to 15 years (2006–2020). The catchments of the gauges in Vent, Sölden and Tumpen range from 100 to almost 800 km2 with 10 % to 30 % glacier cover and span an elevation range of 930 to 3772 m a.s.l. We analyzed discharge and suspended sediment yields (SSY), their distribution in space, their seasonality and spatial differences therein, and the relative importance of short-term events. We complemented our analysis by linking the observations to satellite-based snow cover maps, glacier inventories, mass balances and precipitation data.
Our results indicate that the areas above 2500 m a.s.l., characterized by glacier tongues and the most recently deglaciated areas, are crucial for sediment generation in all sub-catchments. This notion is supported by the synchronous spring onset of sediment export at the three gauges, which coincides with snowmelt above 2500 m but lags behind spring discharge onsets. This points at a limitation of suspended sediment supply as long as the areas above 2500 m are snow-covered. The positive correlation of annual SSY with glacier cover (among catchments) and glacier mass balances (within a catchment) further supports the importance of the glacier-dominated areas. The analysis of short-term events showed that summer precipitation events were associated with peak sediment concentrations and yields but on average accounted for only 21 % of the annual SSY in the headwaters. These results indicate that under current conditions, thermally induced sediment export (through snow and glacier melt) is dominant in the study area.
Our results extend the scientific knowledge on current hydro-sedimentological conditions in glaciated high-alpine areas and provide a baseline for studies on projected future changes in hydro-sedimentological system dynamics.
Quantifying neurological disorders from voice is a rapidly growing field of research and holds promise for unobtrusive and large-scale disorder monitoring. The data recording setup and data analysis pipelines are both crucial aspects to effectively obtain relevant information from participants. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide a high-level overview of practices across various neurological disorders and highlight emerging trends. PRISMA-based literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify publications in which original (i.e., newly recorded) datasets were collected. Disorders of interest were psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and stress, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, and speech impairments (aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphonia). Of the 43 retrieved studies, Parkinson's disease is represented most prominently with 19 discovered datasets. Free speech and read speech tasks are most commonly used across disorders. Besides popular feature extraction toolkits, many studies utilise custom-built feature sets. Correlations of acoustic features with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are presented. In terms of analysis, statistical analysis for significance of individual features is commonly used, as well as predictive modeling approaches, especially with support vector machines and a small number of artificial neural networks. An emerging trend and recommendation for future studies is to collect data in everyday life to facilitate longitudinal data collection and to capture the behavior of participants more naturally. Another emerging trend is to record additional modalities to voice, which can potentially increase analytical performance.
This study examines the access to healthcare for children and adolescents with three common chronic diseases (type-1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)) within the 4th (Delta), 5th (Omicron), and beginning of the 6th (Omicron) wave (June 2021 until July 2022) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in a cross-sectional study using three national patient registries. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was given to parents of pediatric patients (<21 years) during the routine check-ups. The questionnaire contains self-constructed items assessing the frequency of healthcare appointments and cancellations, remote healthcare, and satisfaction with healthcare. In total, 905 parents participated in the T1D-sample, 175 in the obesity-sample, and 786 in the JIA-sample. In general, satisfaction with healthcare (scale: 0–10; 10 reflecting the highest satisfaction) was quite high (median values: T1D 10, JIA 10, obesity 8.5). The proportion of children and adolescents with canceled appointments was relatively small (T1D 14.1%, JIA 11.1%, obesity 20%), with a median of 1 missed appointment, respectively. Only a few parents (T1D 8.6%; obesity 13.1%; JIA 5%) reported obstacles regarding health services during the pandemic. To conclude, it seems that access to healthcare was largely preserved for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who in addition to their memory deficits also suffer from frontal-executive dysfunctions have a higher risk of developing dementia later in their lives than older adults with aMCI without executive deficits and older adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). Handgrip strength (HGS) is also correlated with the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between HGS and executive functioning in individuals with aMCI, naMCI and healthy controls. Older, right-handed adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and healthy controls (HC) conducted a handgrip strength measurement via a handheld dynamometer. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT A&B). Normalized handgrip strength (nHGS, normalized to Body Mass Index (BMI)) was calculated and its associations with executive functions (operationalized through z-scores of TMT B/A ratio) were investigated through partial correlation analyses (i.e., accounting for age, sex, and severity of depressive symptoms). A positive and low-to-moderate correlation between right nHGS (rp (22) = 0.364; p = 0.063) and left nHGS (rp (22) = 0.420; p = 0.037) and executive functioning in older adults with aMCI but not in naMCI or HC was observed. Our results suggest that higher levels of nHGS are linked to better executive functioning in aMCI but not naMCI and HC. This relationship is perhaps driven by alterations in the integrity of the hippocampal-prefrontal network occurring in older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence for this assumption.
Importance Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence.
Objective To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms.
Design, Setting, and Participants This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021).
Main Outcomes and Measures Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates.
Results Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year’s Eve (β = 66.88; 95% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = −5.45; 95% CI, −8.00 to −2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = −11.10; 95% CI, −13.63 to −8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = −6.14; 95% CI, −9.96 to −2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = −6.26; 95% CI, −10.18 to −2.34; P = .002).
Conclusions and Relevance This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.
Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task.
We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance.
We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = −0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically.
Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.
Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Models are useful tools for understanding and predicting ecological patterns and processes. Under ongoing climate and biodiversity change, they can greatly facilitate decision-making in conservation and restoration and help designing adequate management strategies for an uncertain future. Here, we review the use of spatially explicit models for decision support and to identify key gaps in current modelling in conservation and restoration. Of 650 reviewed publications, 217 publications had a clear management application and were included in our quantitative analyses. Overall, modelling studies were biased towards static models (79%), towards the species and population level (80%) and towards conservation (rather than restoration) applications (71%). Correlative niche models were the most widely used model type. Dynamic models as well as the gene-to-individual level and the community-to-ecosystem level were underrepresented, and explicit cost optimisation approaches were only used in 10% of the studies. We present a new model typology for selecting models for animal conservation and restoration, characterising model types according to organisational levels, biological processes of interest and desired management applications. This typology will help to more closely link models to management goals. Additionally, future efforts need to overcome important challenges related to data integration, model integration and decision-making. We conclude with five key recommendations, suggesting that wider usage of spatially explicit models for decision support can be achieved by 1) developing a toolbox with multiple, easier-to-use methods, 2) improving calibration and validation of dynamic modelling approaches and 3) developing best-practise guidelines for applying these models. Further, more robust decision-making can be achieved by 4) combining multiple modelling approaches to assess uncertainty, and 5) placing models at the core of adaptive management. These efforts must be accompanied by long-term funding for modelling and monitoring, and improved communication between research and practise to ensure optimal conservation and restoration outcomes.
Privacy regulations and the physical distribution of heterogeneous data are often primary concerns for the development of deep learning models in a medical context. This paper evaluates the feasibility of differentially private federated learning for chest X-ray classification as a defense against data privacy attacks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly compare the impact of differentially private training on two different neural network architectures, DenseNet121 and ResNet50. Extending the federated learning environments previously analyzed in terms of privacy, we simulated a heterogeneous and imbalanced federated setting by distributing images from the public CheXpert and Mendeley chest X-ray datasets unevenly among 36 clients. Both non-private baseline models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.940.94 on the binary classification task of detecting the presence of a medical finding. We demonstrate that both model architectures are vulnerable to privacy violation by applying image reconstruction attacks to local model updates from individual clients. The attack was particularly successful during later training stages. To mitigate the risk of a privacy breach, we integrated Rényi differential privacy with a Gaussian noise mechanism into local model training. We evaluate model performance and attack vulnerability for privacy budgets ε∈{1,3,6,10}�∈{1,3,6,10}. The DenseNet121 achieved the best utility-privacy trade-off with an AUC of 0.940.94 for ε=6�=6. Model performance deteriorated slightly for individual clients compared to the non-private baseline. The ResNet50 only reached an AUC of 0.760.76 in the same privacy setting. Its performance was inferior to that of the DenseNet121 for all considered privacy constraints, suggesting that the DenseNet121 architecture is more robust to differentially private training.
Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy
(2022)
Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers.
Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Background
Animal personality has emerged as a key concept in behavioral ecology. While many studies have demonstrated the influence of personality traits on behavioral patterns, its quantification, especially in wild animal populations, remains a challenge. Only a few studies have established a link between personality and recurring movements within home ranges, although these small-scale movements are of key importance for identifying ecological interactions and forming individual niches. In this regard, differences in space use among individuals might reflect different exploration styles between behavioral types along the shy-bold continuum.
Methods
We assessed among-individual differences in behavior in the European hare (Lepus europaeus), a characteristic mammalian herbivore in agricultural landscapes using a standardized box emergence test for captive and wild hares. We determined an individuals’ degree of boldness by measuring the latencies of behavioral responses in repeated emergence tests in captivity. During capture events of wild hares, we conducted a single emergence test and recorded behavioral responses proven to be stable over time in captive hares. Applying repeated novel environment tests in a near-natural enclosure, we further quantified aspects of exploration and activity in captive hares. Finally, we investigated whether and how this among-individual behavioral variation is related to general activity and space use in a wild hare population. Wild and captive hares were treated similarly and GPS-collared with internal accelerometers prior to release to the wild or the outdoor enclosure, respectively. General activity was quantified as overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) obtained from accelerometers. Finally, we tested whether boldness explained variation in (i) ODBA in both settings and (ii) variation in home ranges and core areas across different time scales of GPS-collared hares in a wild population.
Results
We found three behavioral responses to be consistent over time in captive hares. ODBA was positively related to boldness (i.e., short latencies to make first contact with the new environment) in both captive and wild hares. Space use in wild hares also varied with boldness, with shy individuals having smaller core areas and larger home ranges than bold conspecifics (yet in some of the parameter space, this association was just marginally significant).
Conclusions
Against our prediction, shy individuals occupied relatively large home ranges but with small core areas. We suggest that this space use pattern is due to them avoiding risky, and energy-demanding competition for valuable resources. Carefully validated, activity measurements (ODBA) from accelerometers provide a valuable tool to quantify aspects of animal personality along the shy-bold continuum remotely. Without directly observing—and possibly disturbing—focal individuals, this approach allows measuring variability in animal personality, especially in species that are difficult to assess with experiments. Considering that accelerometers are often already built into GPS units, we recommend activating them at least during the initial days of tracking to estimate individual variation in general activity and, if possible, match them with a simple novelty experiment. Furthermore, information on individual behavioral types will help to facilitate mechanistic understanding of processes that drive spatial and ecological dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes.
In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce wildlife-livestock disease transmission, fragment large parts of southern Africa and have limited the movements of large wild mammals for over 60 years. Consequently, wildlife-fence interactions are frequent and often result in perforations of the fence, mainly caused by elephants. Yet, we lack knowledge about at which times fences act as barriers, how fences directly alter the energy expenditure of native herbivores, and what the consequences of impermeability are. We studied 2-year ungulate movements in three common antelopes (springbok, kudu, eland) across a perforated part of Namibia's VCF separating a wildlife reserve and Etosha National Park using GPS telemetry, accelerometer measurements, and satellite imagery. We identified 2905 fence interaction events which we used to evaluate critical times of encounters and direct fence effects on energy expenditure. Using vegetation type-specific greenness dynamics, we quantified what animals gained in terms of high quality food resources from crossing the VCF. Our results show that the perforation of the VCF sustains herbivore-vegetation interactions in the savanna with its scattered resources. Fence permeability led to peaks in crossing numbers during the first flush of woody plants before the rain started. Kudu and eland often showed increased energy expenditure when crossing the fence. Energy expenditure was lowered during the frequent interactions of ungulates standing at the fence. We found no alteration of energy expenditure when springbok immediately found and crossed fence breaches. Our results indicate that constantly open gaps did not affect energy expenditure, while gaps with obstacles increased motion. Closing gaps may have confused ungulates and modified their intended movements. While browsing, sedentary kudu's use of space was less affected by the VCF; migratory, mixed-feeding springbok, and eland benefited from gaps by gaining forage quality and quantity after crossing. This highlights the importance of access to vast areas to allow ungulates to track vital vegetation patches.
In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.
Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies individuals’ three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical samples; yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical samples. Survey data were compared between adult individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 115; 48.69% female; 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison sample (n = 201; 53.23% female; 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). Individuals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.
The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 ± 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 ± 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw~7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
This dataset comprises tree inventories and damage assessments performed in Namibia's semi-arid Zambezi Region. Data were sampled in savannas and savanna woodlands along steep gradients of elephant population densities to capture the effects of those (and other) disturbances on individual-level and stand-level aboveground woody biomass (AGB). The dataset contains raw data on dendrometric measures and processed data on specific wood density (SWD), woody aboveground biomass, and biomass losses through disturbance impacts. Allometric proxies (height, canopy diameters, and in adult trees also stem circumferences) were recorded for n = 6,179 tree and shrub individuals. Wood samples were taken for each encountered species to measure specific wood density.
These measurements have been used to estimate woody aboveground biomass via established allometric models, advanced through our improved methodologies and workflows that accounted for tree and shrub architecture shaped by disturbance impacts. To this end, we performed a detailed damage assessment on each woody individual in the field. In addition to estimations of standing biomass, our new method also delivered data on biomass losses to different disturbance agents (elephants, fire, and others) on the level of plant individuals and stands.
The data presented here have been used within a study published with Ecological Indicators (Kindermann et al., 2022) to evaluate the benefits of our improved methodology in comparison to a standard reference method of aboveground biomass estimations. Additionally, it has been employed in a study on carbon storage and sequestration in vegetation and soils (Sandhage-Hofmann et al., 2021).
The raw data of dendrometric measurements can be subjected to other available allometric models for biomass estimation. The processed data can be used to analyze disturbance impacts on woody aboveground biomass, or for regional carbon storage estimates. The data on species-specific wood density can be used for application to other dendrometric datasets to (re-) estimate biomass through allometric models requiring wood density. It can further be used for plant functional trait analyses.
The intake of high-fat diets (HFDs) containing large amounts of saturated long-chain fatty acids leads to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The trace element selenium, as a crucial part of antioxidative selenoproteins, can protect against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT) by increasing glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and insulin receptor (IR) expression. Whether selenite (Se) can attenuate insulin resistance in established lipotoxic and obese conditions is unclear. We confirm that GPX3 mRNA expression in adipose tissue correlates with BMI in humans. Cultivating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in palmitate-containing medium followed by Se treatment attenuates insulin resistance with enhanced GPx3 and IR expression and adipocyte differentiation. However, feeding obese mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet (SRHFD) only resulted in a modest increase in overall selenoprotein gene expression in WAT in mice with unaltered body weight development, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. While Se supplementation improved adipocyte morphology, it did not alter WAT insulin sensitivity. However, mice fed a SRHFD exhibited increased insulin content in the pancreas. Overall, while selenite protects against palmitate-induced insulin resistance in vitro, obesity impedes the effect of selenite on insulin action and adipose tissue metabolism in vivo.
The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants’ memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.
Background
Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has received tremendous attention as a potential neuromodulator of cognitive and affective functions, which likely exerts its effects via activation of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. Reliable effects of taVNS on markers of LC-NA system activity, however, have not been demonstrated yet.
Methods
The aim of the present study was to overcome previous limitations by pooling raw data from a large sample of ten taVNS studies (371 healthy participants) that collected salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a potential marker of central NA release.
Results
While a meta-analytic approach using summary statistics did not yield any significant effects, linear mixed model analyses showed that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve via taVNS increased sAA levels compared to sham stimulation (b = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = 0.001). When considering potential confounders of sAA, we further replicated previous findings on the diurnal trajectory of sAA activity.
Conclusion(s)
Vagal activation via taVNS increases sAA release compared to sham stimulation, which likely substantiates the assumption that taVNS triggers NA release. Moreover, our results highlight the benefits of data pooling and data sharing in order to allow stronger conclusions in research.
Eastern Africa has been a prime target for scientific drilling because it is rich in key paleoanthropological sites as well as in paleolakes, containing valuable paleoclimatic information on evolutionary time scales. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) explores these paleolakes with the aim of reconstructing environmental conditions around critical episodes of hominin evolution. Identification of biological taxa based on their sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) traces can contribute to understand past ecological and climatological conditions of the living environment of our ancestors. However, sedaDNA recovery from tropical environments is challenging because high temperatures, UV irradiation, and desiccation result in highly degraded DNA. Consequently, most of the DNA fragments in tropical sediments are too short for PCR amplification. We analyzed sedaDNA in the upper 70 m of the composite sediment core of the HSPDP drill site at Chew Bahir for eukaryotic remnants. We first tested shotgun high throughput sequencing which leads to metagenomes dominated by bacterial DNA of the deep biosphere, while only a small fraction was derived from eukaryotic, and thus probably ancient, DNA. Subsequently, we performed cross-species hybridization capture of sedaDNA to enrich ancient DNA (aDNA) from eukaryotic remnants for paleoenvironmental analysis, using established barcoding genes (cox1 and rbcL for animals and plants, respectively) from 199 species that may have had relatives in the past biosphere at Chew Bahir. Metagenomes yielded after hybridization capture are richer in reads with similarity to cox1 and rbcL in comparison to metagenomes without prior hybridization capture. Taxonomic assignments of the reads from these hybridization capture metagenomes also yielded larger fractions of the eukaryotic domain. For reads assigned to cox1, inferred wet periods were associated with high inferred relative abundances of putative limnic organisms (gastropods, green algae), while inferred dry periods showed increased relative abundances for insects. These findings indicate that cross-species hybridization capture can be an effective approach to enhance the information content of sedaDNA in order to explore biosphere changes associated with past environmental conditions, enabling such analyses even under tropical conditions.
High-salt (HS) diets have recently been linked to oxidative stress in the brain, a fact that may be a precursor to behavioral changes, such as those involving anxiety-like behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the amygdala redox status after consuming a HS diet in the pre- or postweaning periods. This study aimed to evaluate the amygdala redox status and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, after inclusion of HS diet in two periods: preconception, gestation, and lactation (preweaning); and only after weaning (postweaning). Initially, 18 females and 9 male Wistar rats received a standard (n = 9 females and 4 males) or a HS diet (n = 9 females and 5 males) for 120 days. After mating, females continued to receive the aforementioned diets during gestation and lactation. Weaning occurred at 21-day-old Wistar rats and the male offspring were subdivided: control-control (C-C)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9–11), control-HS (C-HS)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9–11), HS-C—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9–11), and HS-HS—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9–11). At adulthood, the male offspring performed the elevated plus maze and open field tests. At 152-day-old Wistar rats, the offspring were euthanized and the amygdala was removed for redox state analysis. The HS-HS group showed higher locomotion and rearing frequency in the open field test. These results indicate that this group developed hyperactivity. The C-HS group had a higher ratio of entries and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test in addition to a higher head-dipping frequency. These results suggest less anxiety-like behaviors. In the analysis of the redox state, less activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the amygdala were shown in the amygdala of animals that received a high-salt diet regardless of the period (pre- or postweaning). In conclusion, the high-salt diet promoted hyperactivity when administered in the pre- and postweaning periods. In animals that received only in the postweaning period, the addition of salt induced a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors. Also, regardless of the period, salt provided amygdala oxidative stress, which may be linked to the observed behaviors.
Mediterranean ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change and the associated increase in climate anomalies. This study investigates extreme ecosystem responses evoked by climatic drivers in the Mediterranean Basin for the time span 1999–2019 with a specific focus on seasonal variations as the seasonal timing of climatic anomalies is considered essential for impact and vulnerability assessment. A bivariate vulnerability analysis is performed for each month of the year to quantify which combinations of the drivers temperature (obtained from ERA5-Land) and soil moisture (obtained from ESA CCI and ERA5-Land) lead to extreme reductions in ecosystem productivity using the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR; obtained from the Copernicus Global Land Service) as a proxy.
The bivariate analysis clearly showed that, in many cases, it is not just one but a combination of both drivers that causes ecosystem vulnerability. The overall pattern shows that Mediterranean ecosystems are prone to three soil moisture regimes during the yearly cycle: they are vulnerable to hot and dry conditions from May to July, to cold and dry conditions from August to October, and to cold conditions from November to April, illustrating the shift from a soil-moisture-limited regime in summer to an energy-limited regime in winter. In late spring, a month with significant vulnerability to hot conditions only often precedes the next stage of vulnerability to both hot and dry conditions, suggesting that high temperatures lead to critically low soil moisture levels with a certain time lag. In the eastern Mediterranean, the period of vulnerability to hot and dry conditions within the year is much longer than in the western Mediterranean. Our results show that it is crucial to account for both spatial and temporal variability to adequately assess ecosystem vulnerability. The seasonal vulnerability approach presented in this study helps to provide detailed insights regarding the specific phenological stage of the year in which ecosystem vulnerability to a certain climatic condition occurs.
How to cite.
Vogel, J., Paton, E., and Aich, V.: Seasonal ecosystem vulnerability to climatic anomalies in the Mediterranean, Biogeosciences, 18, 5903–5927, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5903-2021, 2021.
Which event happened first?
(2021)
First come, first served: Critical choices between alternative actions are often made based on events external to an organization, and reacting promptly to their occurrence can be a major advantage over the competition. In Business Process Management (BPM), such deferred choices can be expressed in process models, and they are an important aspect of process engines. Blockchain-based process execution approaches are no exception to this, but are severely limited by the inherent properties of the platform: The isolated environment prevents direct access to external entities and data, and the non-continual runtime based entirely on atomic transactions impedes the monitoring and detection of events. In this paper we provide an in-depth examination of the semantics of deferred choice, and transfer them to environments such as the blockchain. We introduce and compare several oracle architectures able to satisfy certain requirements, and show that they can be implemented using state-of-the-art blockchain technology.
This study investigates the relationship between teacher quality and teachers’ engagement in professional development (PD) activities using data on 229 German secondary school mathematics teachers. We assessed different aspects of teacher quality (e.g. professional knowledge, instructional quality) using a variety of measures, including standardised tests of teachers’ content knowledge, to determine what characteristics are associated with high participation in PD. The results show that teachers with higher scores for teacher quality variables take part in more content-focused PD than teachers with lower scores for these variables. This suggests that teacher learning may be subject to a Matthew effect, whereby more proficient teachers benefit more from PD than less proficient teachers.
Soziale Medien sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Alltags von Schüler*innen und gleichzeitig zunehmend wichtig in Wirtschaft, Politik und Wissenschaft. Am Beispiel von Twitter zeigt dieser Beitrag, dass soziale Medien im Unterricht auch für die Beantwortung geographischer Fragestellungen verwendet werden können. Hierfür eignen sich Twitter-Daten aufgrund ihrer Georeferenzierung und weiterer interessanter Inhalte besonders. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Verwendung von Twitter für sozialwissenschaftliche und humangeographische Fragestellungen und reflektiert die Nutzung von Twitter im Unterricht. Für die Unterrichtspraxis werden Beispiele zu den Themen Braunkohle, Flutereignisse und Raumwahrnehmungen sowie Anleitungen zur Auswertung, Anwendung und Reflexion von Twitter-Analysen vorgestellt.
The increasing development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been a major problem for years, both in human and veterinary medicine. Prophylactic measures, such as the use of vaccines, are of great importance in reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock. These vaccines are mainly produced based on formaldehyde inactivation. However, the latter damages the recognition elements of the bacterial proteins and thus could reduce the immune response in the animal. An alternative inactivation method developed in this work is based on gentle photodynamic inactivation using carbon nanodots (CNDs) at excitation wavelengths λex > 290 nm. The photodynamic inactivation was characterized on the nonvirulent laboratory strain Escherichia coli K12 using synthesized CNDs. For a gentle inactivation, the CNDs must be absorbed into the cytoplasm of the E. coli cell. Thus, the inactivation through photoinduced formation of reactive oxygen species only takes place inside the bacterium, which means that the outer membrane is neither damaged nor altered. The loading of the CNDs into E. coli was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Complete loading of the bacterial cells could be achieved in less than 10 min. These studies revealed a reversible uptake process allowing the recovery and reuse of the CNDs after irradiation and before the administration of the vaccine. The success of photodynamic inactivation was verified by viability assays on agar. In a homemade flow photoreactor, the fastest successful irradiation of the bacteria could be carried out in 34 s. Therefore, the photodynamic inactivation based on CNDs is very effective. The membrane integrity of the bacteria after irradiation was verified by slide agglutination and atomic force microscopy. The method developed for the laboratory strain E. coli K12 could then be successfully applied to the important avian pathogens Bordetella avium and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale to aid the development of novel vaccines.
“Chunking” spoken language
(2021)
In this introductory paper to the special issue on “Weak cesuras in talk-in-interaction”, we aim to guide the reader into current work on the “chunking” of naturally occurring talk. It is conducted in the methodological frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics – two approaches that consider the interactional aspect of humans talking with each other to be a crucial starting point for its analysis. In doing so, we will (1) lay out the background of this special issue (what is problematic about “chunking” talk-in-interaction, the characteristics of the methodological approach chosen by the contributors, the cesura model), (2) highlight what can be gained from such a revised understanding of “chunking” in talk-in-interaction by referring to previous work with this model as well as the findings of the contributions to this special issue, and (3) indicate further directions such work could take starting from papers in this special issue. We hope to induce a fruitful exchange on the phenomena discussed, across methodological divides.
Computation of the instantaneous phase and amplitude via the Hilbert Transform is a powerful tool of data analysis. This approach finds many applications in various science and engineering branches but is not proper for causal estimation because it requires knowledge of the signal’s past and future. However, several problems require real-time estimation of phase and amplitude; an illustrative example is phase-locked or amplitude-dependent stimulation in neuroscience. In this paper, we discuss and compare three causal algorithms that do not rely on the Hilbert Transform but exploit well-known physical phenomena, the synchronization and the resonance. After testing the algorithms on a synthetic data set, we illustrate their performance computing phase and amplitude for the accelerometer tremor measurements and a Parkinsonian patient’s beta-band brain activity.
We study the probability density function (PDF) of the first-reaction times between a diffusive ligand and a membrane-bound, immobile imperfect target region in a restricted 'onion-shell' geometry bounded by two nested membranes of arbitrary shapes. For such a setting, encountered in diverse molecular signal transduction pathways or in the narrow escape problem with additional steric constraints, we derive an exact spectral form of the PDF, as well as present its approximate form calculated by help of the so-called self-consistent approximation. For a particular case when the nested domains are concentric spheres, we get a fully explicit form of the approximated PDF, assess the accuracy of this approximation, and discuss various facets of the obtained distributions. Our results can be straightforwardly applied to describe the PDF of the terminal reaction event in multi-stage signal transduction processes.
Quantitative geomorphic research depends on accurate topographic data often collected via remote sensing. Lidar, and photogrammetric methods like structure-from-motion, provide the highest quality data for generating digital elevation models (DEMs). Unfortunately, these data are restricted to relatively small areas, and may be expensive or time-consuming to collect. Global and near-global DEMs with 1 arcsec (∼30 m) ground sampling from spaceborne radar and optical sensors offer an alternative gridded, continuous surface at the cost of resolution and accuracy. Accuracy is typically defined with respect to external datasets, often, but not always, in the form of point or profile measurements from sources like differential Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), spaceborne lidar (e.g., ICESat), and other geodetic measurements. Vertical point or profile accuracy metrics can miss the pixel-to-pixel variability (sometimes called DEM noise) that is unrelated to true topographic signal, but rather sensor-, orbital-, and/or processing-related artifacts. This is most concerning in selecting a DEM for geomorphic analysis, as this variability can affect derivatives of elevation (e.g., slope and curvature) and impact flow routing. We use (near) global DEMs at 1 arcsec resolution (SRTM, ASTER, ALOS, TanDEM-X, and the recently released Copernicus) and develop new internal accuracy metrics to assess inter-pixel variability without reference data. Our study area is in the arid, steep Central Andes, and is nearly vegetation-free, creating ideal conditions for remote sensing of the bare-earth surface. We use a novel hillshade-filtering approach to detrend long-wavelength topographic signals and accentuate short-wavelength variability. Fourier transformations of the spatial signal to the frequency domain allows us to quantify: 1) artifacts in the un-projected 1 arcsec DEMs at wavelengths greater than the Nyquist (twice the nominal resolution, so > 2 arcsec); and 2) the relative variance of adjacent pixels in DEMs resampled to 30-m resolution (UTM projected). We translate results into their impact on hillslope and channel slope calculations, and we highlight the quality of the five DEMs. We find that the Copernicus DEM, which is based on a carefully edited commercial version of the TanDEM-X, provides the highest quality landscape representation, and should become the preferred DEM for topographic analysis in areas without sufficient coverage of higher-quality local DEMs.
Background:
Research into the application of virtual reality technology in the health care sector has rapidly increased, resulting in a large body of research that is difficult to keep up with.
Objective:
We will provide an overview of the annual publication numbers in this field and the most productive and influential countries, journals, and authors, as well as the most used, most co-occurring, and most recent keywords.
Methods:
Based on a data set of 356 publications and 20,363 citations derived from Web of Science, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using BibExcel, HistCite, and VOSviewer.
Results:
The strongest growth in publications occurred in 2020, accounting for 29.49% of all publications so far. The most productive countries are the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain; the most influential countries are the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The most productive journals are the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR), JMIR Serious Games, and the Games for Health Journal; the most influential journals are Patient Education and Counselling, Medical Education, and Quality of Life Research. The most productive authors are Riva, del Piccolo, and Schwebel; the most influential authors are Finset, del Piccolo, and Eide. The most frequently occurring keywords other than “virtual” and “reality” are “training,” “trial,” and “patients.” The most relevant research themes are communication, education, and novel treatments; the most recent research trends are fitness and exergames.
Conclusions:
The analysis shows that the field has left its infant state and its specialization is advancing, with a clear focus on patient usability.
Comprior
(2021)
Background
Reproducible benchmarking is important for assessing the effectiveness of novel feature selection approaches applied on gene expression data, especially for prior knowledge approaches that incorporate biological information from online knowledge bases. However, no full-fledged benchmarking system exists that is extensible, provides built-in feature selection approaches, and a comprehensive result assessment encompassing classification performance, robustness, and biological relevance. Moreover, the particular needs of prior knowledge feature selection approaches, i.e. uniform access to knowledge bases, are not addressed. As a consequence, prior knowledge approaches are not evaluated amongst each other, leaving open questions regarding their effectiveness.
Results
We present the Comprior benchmark tool, which facilitates the rapid development and effortless benchmarking of feature selection approaches, with a special focus on prior knowledge approaches. Comprior is extensible by custom approaches, offers built-in standard feature selection approaches, enables uniform access to multiple knowledge bases, and provides a customizable evaluation infrastructure to compare multiple feature selection approaches regarding their classification performance, robustness, runtime, and biological relevance.
Conclusion
Comprior allows reproducible benchmarking especially of prior knowledge approaches, which facilitates their applicability and for the first time enables a comprehensive assessment of their effectiveness
Transitory starch plays a central role in the life cycle of plants. Many aspects of this important metabolism remain unknown; however, starch granules provide insight into this persistent metabolic process. Therefore, monitoring alterations in starch granules with high temporal resolution provides one significant avenue to improve understanding. Here, a previously established method that combines LCSM and safranin-O staining for in vivo imaging of transitory starch granules in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana was employed to demonstrate, for the first time, the alterations in starch granule size and morphology that occur both throughout the day and during leaf aging. Several starch-related mutants were included, which revealed differences among the generated granules. In ptst2 and sex1-8, the starch granules in old leaves were much larger than those in young leaves; however, the typical flattened discoid morphology was maintained. In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed. With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4. Thus, the presented data provide new insights to contribute to the understanding of starch granule morphogenesis.
Digitale Diagnostik
(2021)
Twenty-one scientists met for this year’s virtual conference on Auxology held at the University Potsdam, Germany, to discuss child and adolescent growth during times of fear and emotional stress. Growth within the broad range of normal for age and sex is considered a sign of good general health whereas fear and emotional stress can lead to growth faltering. Stunting is a sign of social disadvantage and poor parental education. Adverse childhood experiences affect child development, particularly in families with low parental education and low socioeconomic status. Negative effects were also shown in Indian children exposed prenatally and in early postnatal life to the cyclone Aila in 2009. Distrust, fears and fake news regarding the current Corona pandemic received particular attention though the effects generally appeared weak. Mean birth weight was higher; rates of low, very and extremely low birth weight were lower. Other topics discussed by the participants, were the influences of economic crises on birth weight, the measurement of self-confidence and its impact on growth, the associations between obesity, peer relationship, and behavior among Turkish adolescents, height trends in Indonesia, physiological neonatal weight loss, methods for assessing biological maturation in sportsmen, and a new method for skeletal age determination. The participants also discussed the association between acute myocardial infarction and somatotype in Estonia, rural-urban growth differences in Mongolian children, socio-environmental conditions and sexual dimorphism, biological mortality bias, and new statistical techniques for describing inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables, and for detecting and visualizing extensive interactions among variables.
When the Jewish Theological Seminary in Breslau opened its doors in 1854, it established a novel form of rabbinical education: the systematic combination of Jewish studies at the seminary in parallel with university studies. The Breslau seminary became the model for most later institutions for rabbinical training in Europe and the United States. The seminaries were the new sites of modern Jewish scholarship, especially the academic study of Judaism (Wissenschaft des Judentums). Their function and goal were to preserve, (re)organize, and transmit Jewish knowledge in the modern age. As such, they became central nodes in Jewish scholarly networks. This case study highlights the multi-nodal connections between the Conservative seminaries in Breslau, Philadelphia, New York, Budapest, and Vienna. At the same time, it is intended to provide an example of the potential of transnational and transfer studies for the history of the Jewish religious learning in Europe and the United States.
This article explores the multi-directional geographic trajectories and ties of Jews who came to the United States in the 19th century, working to complicate simplistic understandings of “German” Jewish immigration. It focuses on the case study of Henry Cohn, an ordinary Russian-born Jew whose journeys took him to Prussia, New York, Savannah, and California. Once in the United States he returned to Europe twice, the second time permanently, although a grandson ended up in California, where he worked to ensure the preservation of Cohn’s records. This story highlights how Jews navigated and transgressed national boundaries in the 19th century and the limitations of the historical narratives that have been constructed from their experiences.
A Secular Tradition
(2021)
This article focuses on the social philosopher Horace Kallen and the revisions he made to the concept of cultural pluralism that he first developed in the early 20th century, applying it to postwar America and the young State of Israel. It shows how he opposed the assumption that the United States’ social order was based on a “Judeo-Christian tradition.” By constructing pluralism as a civil religion and carving out space for secular self-understandings in midcentury America, Kallen attempted to preserve the integrity of his earlier political visions, developed during World War I, of pluralist societies in the United States and Palestine within an internationalist global order. While his perspective on the State of Israel was largely shaped by his American experiences, he revised his approach to politically functionalizing religious traditions as he tested his American understanding of a secular, pluralist society against the political theology effective in the State of Israel. The trajectory of Kallen’s thought points to fundamental questions about the compatibility of American and Israeli understandings of religion’s function in society and its relation to political belonging, especially in light of their transnational connection through American Jewish support for the recently established state.