Extern
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (193) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (193) (remove)
Keywords
- football (5)
- Reflexion (4)
- exercise (4)
- Lehrkräftebildung (3)
- kinetics (3)
- obesity (3)
- stunting (3)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Feedback (2)
- Physical activity (2)
- SEPE (2)
- SNARC (2)
- Summer Schools (2)
- achilles tendinopathy (2)
- attention (2)
- body height (2)
- climate change (2)
- diabetes (2)
- diffusion (2)
- electromyography (2)
- handgrip strength (2)
- health care (2)
- language acquisition (2)
- literature review (2)
- longitudinal (2)
- machine learning (2)
- malnutrition (2)
- maturation (2)
- pre-school (2)
- reflexion (2)
- school mathematics (2)
- skills (2)
- virtual reality (2)
- wheat (2)
- 3D thermal model (1)
- 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (1)
- ACWR (1)
- AFLP (1)
- ALOS World 3D (1)
- APP (1)
- ASTER GDEM (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Adult-child interaction (1)
- Advection and convection (1)
- Aftercare (1)
- Aging (1)
- Akan (1)
- Akt pathway (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Anthropologie (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Barriers (1)
- Bayesian modelling (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Brandenburg (1)
- CDOM (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- CRISPR editing validation (1)
- Central European Basin System (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- Chlamydomonas (1)
- Chronic conditions (1)
- Chronic low back pain (1)
- Cognitive fatigue (1)
- Conversation Analysis (1)
- Copernicus DEM (1)
- Coping (1)
- Cross-frequency PLV (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cytochrome b (1)
- DEM noise (1)
- Damage assessment (1)
- Data pooling (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Developmental hyperscanning (1)
- Digital Health (1)
- Digital intervention (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Disturbance impacts (1)
- Disturbance indicator (1)
- Dual EEG analysis (1)
- Dynamometry (1)
- EEG (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Eccentric muscle action (1)
- Electronic Health (1)
- Elephant disturbance (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Energy expenditure (1)
- Erkenntnisgewinnung (1)
- European hare (1)
- Exertion (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- FieldTrip (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Forschungsmethodik (1)
- Forschungsorientierung (1)
- Fortbildung (1)
- Fourier analysis (1)
- Fresh water fish (1)
- GPS (1)
- Gait (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geothermal field (1)
- Germany (1)
- Glucose homeostasis (1)
- Governance (1)
- Grip force (1)
- H2S biosynthesis (1)
- HDL (1)
- HIV (1)
- Hamstring-quadriceps ratio (1)
- Handlungsempfehlungen (1)
- Health insurance (1)
- Heat transport by conduction (1)
- Hippo signaling (1)
- Human physical conditioning (1)
- ICDP (1)
- Individualized therapy (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury risk (1)
- Inklusion (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Inter-individual differences (1)
- Interactional Linguistics (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Intuitive eating (1)
- Iron Age (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Island biogeography (1)
- Jurkat cells (1)
- Just so stories (1)
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (1)
- KI-Anwendung (1)
- Klimapolitik (1)
- Kommune (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- K−12 teachers (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LCSM (1)
- LC–MS/MS (1)
- LDL (1)
- Lake Holzmaar (1)
- Lake Malawi (1)
- Lehramtsstudium Biologie (1)
- Levy walks (1)
- Locally structured correlation (1)
- Locally structured standard deviation (1)
- M1/M2 differentiation (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MCI (1)
- MSAP (1)
- Mandarin-English bilinguals (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Matthew effect (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- MiSpEx (1)
- MiSpEx-network (1)
- Microtus arvalis (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobile Health (1)
- Mobile diagnostics (1)
- Moco biosynthesis (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (1)
- Motor system (1)
- Movement (1)
- Movement ecology (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- N400 (1)
- NAFLD/MAFLD (1)
- Natural Language Processing (1)
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- Noradrenaline (1)
- Number processing (1)
- NutriAct Family Study (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- ODBA (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Omicron (1)
- Ontologie (1)
- Overhead athletes (1)
- PLV (1)
- Partial Little Square (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Phase Locking Value (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical training (1)
- Pipistrellus nathusii (1)
- Plyometric exercise (1)
- Postural control (1)
- Potsdam (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Prior knowledge (1)
- Professionalisierung (1)
- Professionswissen (1)
- Prospective (1)
- Protective factors (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quantitative Trait Locus (1)
- Quantitative Trait Locus analysis (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Referendariat (1)
- Reflexivität (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Repetition (1)
- Reproducible benchmarking (1)
- Resiliency (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Rotifera (1)
- Rural health (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SEPE Factors (1)
- SEPS factors (1)
- SFON (1)
- SRT (1)
- SRTM (1)
- Sammelband (1)
- Sedimentary basin (1)
- Selbstreflexion (1)
- Seminarkonzept (1)
- Shire River (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors (1)
- South-Eastern Africa (1)
- Soziale Medien (1)
- Specific wood density (1)
- Sport-specific performance (1)
- St. Nicolas House Analysis (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Standard deviation (1)
- Statistical Exercise (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Studienabbruch (1)
- Studieneingang (1)
- Studienerfolg (1)
- Sway (1)
- TAVI (1)
- TLR signaling (1)
- TMAO reductase (1)
- TMS (1)
- Tagung (1)
- TanDEM-X (1)
- Telehealth (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Theodor W. Adorno (1)
- Tiredness (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Tree allometry (1)
- Twitter (1)
- Type 1 diabetes (1)
- Ulmener Maar Tephra (1)
- Ulrich Sonnemann (1)
- Union (1)
- Unterrichtsanalyse (1)
- Unterrichtsmethoden (1)
- VR (1)
- Variance (1)
- Vignetten (1)
- Wearable electronic device (1)
- Wearable technology (1)
- Wirkungsforschung (1)
- Wood specific gravity (1)
- Woody aboveground biomass (1)
- WorldDEM (1)
- X-ray (1)
- Yamal (1)
- Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz) (1)
- accelerometer (1)
- acclimation (1)
- acid mine drainage (1)
- acoustic communication (1)
- acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization (1)
- adaptive management (1)
- addition (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adolescents (1)
- advanced dynamic flow (1)
- aerobic power (1)
- aggression (1)
- aging (1)
- agricultural landscape (1)
- allocation policies (1)
- alpha-2 (1)
- amino acids (1)
- animal migration (1)
- animal personality (1)
- anomalous diffusion (1)
- anterior PNP (1)
- anterior cruciate ligament (1)
- anthropology (1)
- anthropometry (1)
- anti-cancer drugs (1)
- antibody (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- application of artificial intelligence (1)
- approximate methods (1)
- arable weeds (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- asymptotic method (1)
- athletes (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- augmented reality (1)
- automated radio telemetry (1)
- balance (1)
- baroclinicity (1)
- basic need satisfaction and frustration (1)
- bats (1)
- behavior problems (1)
- behavioral and self-report measures (1)
- behavioral type (1)
- behaviour (1)
- bibliometric analysis (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biological age (1)
- biology (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- birth weight (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- blockchain (1)
- body mass index (1)
- body proportions (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brain health (1)
- breastfeeding (1)
- buffer zones (1)
- burnout (1)
- business process management (1)
- business processes (1)
- cTBS (1)
- callous-unemotional traits (1)
- callousness (1)
- camelid antibody (1)
- camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (1)
- capabilities (1)
- carbon cycling (1)
- cardiac catheterization (CC) (1)
- cardiac development (1)
- cardiology (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- catch-up-growth (1)
- cellular bioenergetics (1)
- cellulose polymeric organic matter (1)
- central and peripheral vision (1)
- cereal leaf beetle (1)
- change of direction speed (1)
- changepoint analysis (1)
- changepoint detection (1)
- chaperone (1)
- child growth (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chimera (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chronic health condition (1)
- chronic undernutrition (1)
- citation analysis (1)
- climate change adaptation (1)
- climate policy (1)
- clinical sample (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cognitive bias (1)
- cognitive/muscular fatigue (1)
- collegial casework (1)
- color (1)
- community model (1)
- composition (1)
- constraint (1)
- consultation (1)
- content knowledge (1)
- continuing education activities (1)
- copy number analyses (1)
- corpus dataset (1)
- cost optimisation (1)
- counting (1)
- creativity (1)
- cross-species capture (1)
- cyberaggression (1)
- cytosine methylation (1)
- cytosolic tRNA thiolation (1)
- daily home-made measurements (1)
- deep neural networks (1)
- deferred choice (1)
- dental eruption (1)
- depressive disorder (1)
- depressive symptoms (1)
- derivational complexity (1)
- design of experiment (1)
- design thinking (1)
- development (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic (1)
- digital technologies (1)
- digital transformation (1)
- digitalization (1)
- diketopiperazine (1)
- disaster risk reduction (1)
- discrepancy principle (1)
- disorder recognition (1)
- distress (1)
- drought events (1)
- drought intensity (1)
- drought projections (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug-sensitivity prediction (1)
- eavesdropping (1)
- eccentric-plyometric (1)
- echolocation (1)
- economy (1)
- ecophysiology (1)
- ecosystem restoration (1)
- education (1)
- eicosanoids (1)
- elderly (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- elevated plus-maze (1)
- elf-determination theory (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- emergency management (1)
- emotional regulation (1)
- emotional stress (1)
- endocardium (1)
- endophytes (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- energy policy (1)
- enhancement (1)
- entropy (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- erythropoiesis (1)
- europe (1)
- european (1)
- everyday life (1)
- exercise cognition (1)
- exercise test (1)
- exercise training (1)
- external load (1)
- extracellular enzymes (1)
- extremophiles (1)
- eye movements (1)
- fear (1)
- feature selection (1)
- federated learning (1)
- feedback (1)
- feeling of presence (1)
- fence ecology (1)
- fiction (1)
- finite-size effects (1)
- first-passage time (1)
- first-reaction time (1)
- fitness (1)
- flexibility (1)
- floods (1)
- food access (1)
- food web (1)
- formal semantics (1)
- fractionation (1)
- frailty tool (1)
- frame index (1)
- frames of reference (1)
- freshwater (1)
- frustration (1)
- functional performance (1)
- functional traits (1)
- fungal pathogens (1)
- fungi (1)
- gait (1)
- games (1)
- genome scan (1)
- global change (1)
- governance (1)
- graphs (1)
- ground reaction forces (1)
- growth references (1)
- growth standards (1)
- growth tempo (1)
- guideline (1)
- happiness (1)
- healthcare (1)
- heart rate (1)
- heavy-chain-only antibody (1)
- height in history (1)
- heliozoa (1)
- herbivory (1)
- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- high-sodium (1)
- hippocampal-prefrontal network (1)
- historical growth (1)
- home range (1)
- homologous recombination deficiency (1)
- homology-directed repair (1)
- hospitalization (1)
- human excised skin (1)
- human physical conditioning (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- hydrolysis (1)
- iPhone (1)
- imaginary world (1)
- implicit learning (1)
- in-service training (1)
- inclusive education (1)
- injury risk (1)
- innovation laboratories (1)
- inquiry (1)
- insulin (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- integration (1)
- intellectual ability (1)
- intelligence (1)
- intergroup contacts (1)
- internal load (1)
- intonation units (1)
- intra-organ-communication (1)
- intraguild predation (1)
- ion-exchange chromatography (1)
- kelp (1)
- kinematics (1)
- knots (1)
- kollegiale Fallbesprechung (1)
- lake catchments (1)
- lakes (1)
- landscape transience (1)
- language courses (1)
- linear enamel hypoplasia (1)
- linear sprint (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipids (1)
- local governance (1)
- locus coeruleus (1)
- lokale Governance (1)
- long-term effects (1)
- low back pain (1)
- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- low-back-pain (1)
- macrostructure (1)
- magnitude estimation (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- math (1)
- mathematical development (1)
- mathematical precursor (1)
- mcgraph (1)
- measurement (1)
- mechanobiology (1)
- mental health (1)
- mental imagery (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mental simulation (1)
- meta-science (1)
- metabolic disease (1)
- metathesis (1)
- meteorological drought (1)
- methods (1)
- miRNA (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microfacies (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microstructure (1)
- migrants (1)
- migration (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (1)
- mini growth spurt (1)
- mining lakes (1)
- mitochondrial adaptation (1)
- molecular species identification (1)
- molecular weaving (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (1)
- monensin (1)
- mortality (1)
- motor-control-exercise (1)
- movement (1)
- multidisciplinary intervention (1)
- multidisciplinary-therapy (1)
- multiple modalities (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle strength (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- myocardium (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- nanogels (1)
- narrative (1)
- narrative skills (1)
- natural language processing (1)
- natural particle (1)
- nature of science (1)
- need profiles (1)
- neovascularization (1)
- network reconstruction (1)
- networks (1)
- neurological disorders (1)
- neuromuscular (1)
- neutralization (1)
- non-adjacent dependencies (1)
- nonlinear operator (1)
- novel biomarkers (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- number knowledge (1)
- numerical development (1)
- numerical skills (1)
- nutrition (1)
- nutritional status (1)
- object search (1)
- older patients (1)
- oncology (1)
- ontology (1)
- open-field (1)
- optimal rate (1)
- oracles (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen consumption (1)
- pace of life (1)
- paleoclimate (1)
- pandemic (1)
- parentage (1)
- past biosphere (1)
- peak height velocity (1)
- pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (1)
- pedagogical reasoning (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- performance (1)
- performance evaluation (1)
- periodic entanglement (1)
- permafrost (1)
- philosophy (1)
- phonetics (1)
- phonotaxis (1)
- photoresponse (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physical time (1)
- physiology (1)
- playback (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
- policy recommendations (1)
- political ideology (1)
- polyenoic fatty acids (1)
- post-natal (1)
- posterior P600 (1)
- pre-natal (1)
- pre-service teacher (1)
- precaution (1)
- precuneus (1)
- predictability (1)
- predictive models (1)
- preschool children (1)
- preschoolers (1)
- prevention (1)
- priming (1)
- privacy and security (1)
- privacy attack (1)
- probabilistic processing (1)
- problem solving (1)
- professional development (1)
- professional knowledge (1)
- professionalization (1)
- prosocial (1)
- prosody (1)
- protein modification (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- psychoeducation (1)
- psychopathology (1)
- psychophysiological (1)
- psychotherapy process (1)
- pubertal timing (1)
- public health (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- purification (1)
- quality (1)
- questioning solutions (1)
- random sampling (1)
- recombinant inbred line (1)
- redox state (1)
- refined consensus model (RCM) (1)
- refugees (1)
- regularization (1)
- regulation of growth (1)
- remote sensing data (1)
- remote teaching (1)
- renewable energy (1)
- repetition (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- research design (1)
- resistance training (1)
- resource-tracking (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- response styles theory (1)
- response time (1)
- resting-state fMRI (1)
- return-to-sport (1)
- reversed-phase chromatography (1)
- review (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- risk management (1)
- role-play (1)
- rotifer (1)
- rule learning (1)
- rumination (1)
- runners (1)
- running mechanics (1)
- rural (1)
- sAA (1)
- scene memorization (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- science teaching (1)
- secular changes (1)
- sedaDNA (1)
- sedentary (1)
- sediment core (1)
- selenite (1)
- self-control (1)
- seminar concept (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- serial reaction time (SRT) task (1)
- shared leadership (1)
- shell-like geometries (1)
- short-term growth (1)
- signal propagation (1)
- single case analysis (1)
- single domain antibodies (1)
- single-case design (1)
- single-case experimental design (1)
- skeletal age (1)
- skin penetration (1)
- smart contracts (1)
- social class (1)
- social environment (1)
- social network (1)
- social status insecurity (1)
- socioeconomy (1)
- solitary bees (1)
- soliton (1)
- sonography (1)
- source-to-sink (1)
- spatial autocorrelation (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial language (1)
- spatial updating (1)
- spatially explicit (1)
- special education (1)
- speech (1)
- speed (1)
- sport-specific performance (1)
- sports (1)
- stability (1)
- standardized patient (1)
- standardized patient information (1)
- standards (1)
- standing long jump (1)
- starch granule (1)
- starch granule morphology (1)
- starch granule size (1)
- starch metabolism (1)
- step-growth polymerization (1)
- stochastic resetting (1)
- storm tracks (1)
- stratigraphy (1)
- stress (1)
- stress intervention (1)
- stress management (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- structural equation model (1)
- study designs (1)
- study protocol (1)
- subtraction (1)
- sulfite oxidase (1)
- sustainability (1)
- syntax (1)
- tVNS (1)
- tacrolimus formulation (1)
- taekwondo electronic scoring system (1)
- taekwondo-specific testing (1)
- talk-in-interaction (1)
- tangles (1)
- target capture (1)
- teacher learning (1)
- teacher quality (1)
- teacher training (1)
- teaching education (1)
- teaching practice (1)
- tendinosis (1)
- therapist competence (1)
- theta (1)
- time-efficient exercise (1)
- toxicity (1)
- training (1)
- training adaptation (1)
- transformation (1)
- transformation products (1)
- translation (1)
- treatment integrity (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- type 2 diabetes (1)
- type specimens (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- uncaring (1)
- unemotional (1)
- ungulate (1)
- usability (1)
- varves (1)
- veterinary cordon fence (1)
- veterinary drugs (1)
- vicious cycle (1)
- vignettes (1)
- virus infection (1)
- voice (1)
- water sports (1)
- web-based (1)
- wh-ex-situ (1)
- wh-in-situ (1)
- wh-questions (1)
- wildlife and habitat management (1)
- workflow patterns (1)
- working memory (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- youth soccer (1)
- youth sport (1)
- youth sports (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zweite Ausbildungsphase (1)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (1)
- „Natur der Naturwissenschaften“ (1)
- social network analysis (1)
- team creativity (1)
- intrapreneurship (1)
Institute
- Extern (193) (remove)
Background
Wearables, as small portable computer systems worn on the body, can track user fitness and health data, which can be used to customize health insurance contributions individually. In particular, insured individuals with a healthy lifestyle can receive a reduction of their contributions to be paid. However, this potential is hardly used in practice.
Objective
This study aims to identify which barrier factors impede the usage of wearables for assessing individual risk scores for health insurances, despite its technological feasibility, and to rank these barriers according to their relevance.
Methods
To reach these goals, we conduct a ranking-type Delphi study with the following three stages. First, we collected possible barrier factors from a panel of 16 experts and consolidated them to a list of 11 barrier categories. Second, the panel was asked to rank them regarding their relevance. Third, to enhance the panel consensus, the ranking was revealed to the experts, who were then asked to re-rank the barriers.
Results
The results suggest that regulation is the most important barrier. Other relevant barriers are false or inaccurate measurements and application errors caused by the users. Additionally, insurers could lack the required technological competence to use the wearable data appropriately.
Conclusion
A wider use of wearables and health apps could be achieved through regulatory modifications, especially regarding privacy issues. Even after assuring stricter regulations, users’ privacy concerns could partly remain, if the data exchange between wearables manufacturers, health app providers, and health insurers does not become more transparent.
Biological invasions may result from multiple introductions, which might compensate for reduced gene pools caused by bottleneck events, but could also dilute adaptive processes. A previous common-garden experiment showed heritable latitudinal clines in fitness-related traits in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis in Central Europe. These latitudinal clines remained stable even in plants chemically treated with zebularine to reduce epigenetic variation. However, despite the heritability of traits investigated, genetic isolation-by-distance was non-significant. Utilizing the same specimens, we applied a molecular analysis of (epi)genetic differentiation with standard and methylation-sensitive (MSAP) AFLPs. We tested whether this variation was spatially structured among populations and whether zebularine had altered epigenetic variation. Additionally, we used genome scans to mine for putative outlier loci susceptible to selection processes in the invaded range. Despite the absence of isolation-by-distance, we found spatial genetic neighborhoods among populations and two AFLP clusters differentiating northern and southern Solidago populations. Genetic and epigenetic diversity were significantly correlated, but not linked to phenotypic variation. Hence, no spatial epigenetic patterns were detected along the latitudinal gradient sampled. Applying genome-scan approaches (BAYESCAN, BAYESCENV, RDA, and LFMM), we found 51 genetic and epigenetic loci putatively responding to selection. One of these genetic loci was significantly more frequent in populations at the northern range. Also, one epigenetic locus was more frequent in populations in the southern range, but this pattern was lost under zebularine treatment. Our results point to some genetic, but not epigenetic adaptation processes along a large-scale latitudinal gradient of S. canadensis in its invasive range.
Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy
(2022)
Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers.
The Role of the Precuneus in Human Spatial Updating in a Real Environment Setting—A cTBS Study
(2022)
As we move through an environment, we update positions of our body relative to other objects, even when some objects temporarily or permanently leave our field of view—this ability is termed egocentric spatial updating and plays an important role in everyday life. Still, our knowledge about its representation in the brain is still scarce, with previous studies using virtual movements in virtual environments or patients with brain lesions suggesting that the precuneus might play an important role. However, whether this assumption is also true when healthy humans move in real environments where full body-based cues are available in addition to the visual cues typically used in many VR studies is unclear. Therefore, in this study we investigated the role of the precuneus in egocentric spatial updating in a real environment setting in 20 healthy young participants who underwent two conditions in a cross-over design: (a) stimulation, achieved through applying continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to inhibit the precuneus and (b) sham condition (activated coil turned upside down). In both conditions, participants had to walk back with blindfolded eyes to objects they had previously memorized while walking with open eyes. Simplified trials (without spatial updating) were used as control condition, to make sure the participants were not affected by factors such as walking blindfolded, vestibular or working memory deficits. A significant interaction was found, with participants performing better in the sham condition compared to real stimulation, showing smaller errors both in distance and angle. The results of our study reveal evidence of an important role of the precuneus in a real-environment egocentric spatial updating; studies on larger samples are necessary to confirm and further investigate this finding.
We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K−12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K−12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K−12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K−12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K−12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Aims: High intensity interval training (HIIT) improves mitochondrial characteristics. This study compared the impact of two workload-matched high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols with different work:recovery ratios on regulatory factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats.
Materials and methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups: non-diabetic control, diabetic control (DC), diabetic with long recovery exercise [4–5 × 2-min running at 80%–90% of the maximum speed reached with 2-min of recovery at 40% of the maximum speed reached (DHIIT1:1)], and diabetic with short recovery exercise (5–6 × 2-min running at 80%–90% of the maximum speed reached with 1-min of recovery at 30% of the maximum speed reached [DHIIT2:1]). Both HIIT protocols were completed five times/week for 4 weeks while maintaining equal running distances in each session.
Results: Gene and protein expressions of PGC-1α, p53, and citrate synthase of the muscles increased significantly following DHIIT1:1 and DHIIT2:1 compared to DC (p ˂ 0.05). Most parameters, except for PGC-1α protein (p = 0.597), were significantly higher in DHIIT2:1 than in DHIIT1:1 (p ˂ 0.05). Both DHIIT groups showed significant increases in maximum speed with larger increases in DHIIT2:1 compared with DHIIT1:1.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that both HIIT protocols can potently up-regulate gene and protein expression of PGC-1α, p53, and CS. However, DHIIT2:1 has superior effects compared with DHIIT1:1 in improving mitochondrial adaptive responses in diabetic rats.
Physical fatigue (PF) negatively affects postural control, resulting in impaired balance performance in young and older adults. Similar effects on postural control can be observed for mental fatigue (MF) mainly in older adults. Controversial results exist for young adults. There is a void in the literature on the effects of fatigue on balance and cortical activity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the acute effects of PF and MF on postural sway and cortical activity. Fifteen healthy young adults aged 28 ± 3 years participated in this study. MF and PF protocols comprising of an all-out repeated sit-to-stand task and a computer-based attention network test, respectively, were applied in random order. Pre and post fatigue, cortical activity and postural sway (i.e., center of pressure displacements [CoPd], velocity [CoPv], and CoP variability [CV CoPd, CV CoPv]) were tested during a challenging bipedal balance board task. Absolute spectral power was calculated for theta (4–7.5 Hz), alpha-2 (10.5–12.5 Hz), beta-1 (13–18 Hz), and beta-2 (18.5–25 Hz) in frontal, central, and parietal regions of interest (ROI) and baseline-normalized. Inference statistics revealed a significant time-by-fatigue interaction for CoPd (p = 0.009, d = 0.39, Δ 9.2%) and CoPv (p = 0.009, d = 0.36, Δ 9.2%), and a significant main effect of time for CoP variability (CV CoPd: p = 0.001, d = 0.84; CV CoPv: p = 0.05, d = 0.62). Post hoc analyses showed a significant increase in CoPd (p = 0.002, d = 1.03) and CoPv (p = 0.003, d = 1.03) following PF but not MF. For cortical activity, a significant time-by-fatigue interaction was found for relative alpha-2 power in parietal (p < 0.001, d = 0.06) areas. Post hoc tests indicated larger alpha-2 power increases after PF (p < 0.001, d = 1.69, Δ 3.9%) compared to MF (p = 0.001, d = 1.03, Δ 2.5%). In addition, changes in parietal alpha-2 power and measures of postural sway did not correlate significantly, irrespective of the applied fatigue protocol. No significant changes were found for the other frequency bands, irrespective of the fatigue protocol and ROI under investigation. Thus, the applied PF protocol resulted in increased postural sway (CoPd and CoPv) and CoP variability accompanied by enhanced alpha-2 power in the parietal ROI while MF led to increased CoP variability and alpha-2 power in our sample of young adults. Potential underlying cortical mechanisms responsible for the greater increase in parietal alpha-2 power after PF were discussed but could not be clearly identified as cause. Therefore, further future research is needed to decipher alternative interpretations.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic.
Conclusions: Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior.
The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminative validity of a new taekwondo-specific change-of-direction (COD) speed test with striking techniques (TST) in elite taekwondo athletes. Twenty (10 males and 10 females) elite (athletes who compete at national level) and top-elite (athletes who compete at national and international level) taekwondo athletes with an average training background of 8.9 ± 1.3 years of systematic taekwondo training participated in this study. During the two-week test-retest period, various generic performance tests measuring COD speed, balance, speed, and jump performance were carried out during the first week and as a retest during the second week. Three TST trials were conducted with each athlete and the best trial was used for further analyses. The relevant performance measure derived from the TST was the time with striking penalty (TST-TSP). TST-TSP performances amounted to 10.57 ± 1.08 s for males and 11.74 ± 1.34 s for females. The reliability analysis of the TST performance was conducted after logarithmic transformation, in order to address the problem of heteroscedasticity. In both groups, the TST demonstrated a high relative test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients and 90% compatibility limits were 0.80 and 0.47 to 0.93, respectively). For absolute reliability, the TST’s typical error of measurement (TEM), 90% compatibility limits, and magnitudes were 4.6%, 3.4 to 7.7, for males, and 5.4%, 3.9 to 9.0, for females. The homogeneous sample of taekwondo athletes meant that the TST’s TEM exceeded the usual smallest important change (SIC) with 0.2 effect size in the two groups. The new test showed mostly very large correlations with linear sprint speed (r = 0.71 to 0.85) and dynamic balance (r = −0.71 and −0.74), large correlations with COD speed (r = 0.57 to 0.60) and vertical jump performance (r = −0.50 to −0.65), and moderate correlations with horizontal jump performance (r = −0.34 to −0.45) and static balance (r = −0.39 to −0.44). Top-elite athletes showed better TST performances than elite counterparts. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the TST effectively discriminated between top-elite and elite taekwondo athletes. In conclusion, the TST is a valid, and sensitive test to evaluate the COD speed with taekwondo specific skills, and reliable when considering ICC and TEM. Although the usefulness of the TST is questioned to detect small performance changes in the present population, the TST can detect moderate changes in taekwondo-specific COD speed.
This dataset comprises tree inventories and damage assessments performed in Namibia's semi-arid Zambezi Region. Data were sampled in savannas and savanna woodlands along steep gradients of elephant population densities to capture the effects of those (and other) disturbances on individual-level and stand-level aboveground woody biomass (AGB). The dataset contains raw data on dendrometric measures and processed data on specific wood density (SWD), woody aboveground biomass, and biomass losses through disturbance impacts. Allometric proxies (height, canopy diameters, and in adult trees also stem circumferences) were recorded for n = 6,179 tree and shrub individuals. Wood samples were taken for each encountered species to measure specific wood density.
These measurements have been used to estimate woody aboveground biomass via established allometric models, advanced through our improved methodologies and workflows that accounted for tree and shrub architecture shaped by disturbance impacts. To this end, we performed a detailed damage assessment on each woody individual in the field. In addition to estimations of standing biomass, our new method also delivered data on biomass losses to different disturbance agents (elephants, fire, and others) on the level of plant individuals and stands.
The data presented here have been used within a study published with Ecological Indicators (Kindermann et al., 2022) to evaluate the benefits of our improved methodology in comparison to a standard reference method of aboveground biomass estimations. Additionally, it has been employed in a study on carbon storage and sequestration in vegetation and soils (Sandhage-Hofmann et al., 2021).
The raw data of dendrometric measurements can be subjected to other available allometric models for biomass estimation. The processed data can be used to analyze disturbance impacts on woody aboveground biomass, or for regional carbon storage estimates. The data on species-specific wood density can be used for application to other dendrometric datasets to (re-) estimate biomass through allometric models requiring wood density. It can further be used for plant functional trait analyses.