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Kurt Goldstein
(1994)
Rapid recovery of aphasia and deep dyslexia after extensive left-hemisphere damage in childhood
(1994)
LeMo - an expert-system for the assessment of lexical and morphological impairments in aphasia
(1995)
Morphological processing in Italian agrammatic speakers : eight experiments in lexical morphology
(1996)
Wernicke's 1903 case pure agraphia : an enigma for classical models of written language processing
(1996)
LeMo, an expert system for single case assessment of word processing impairments in aphasic patients
(1997)
Modality-specific anomias
(1997)
A case of primary progressive ahasia : a 14year follow-up study with neuropathological findings
(1998)
In der neurolinguistischen Forschung gewinnt das Erwerbsalter als einflußnehmende Variable auf die lexikalische Verarbeitung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ein normiertes Datenkorpus liegt für das Deutsche jedoch noch nicht vor. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht drei unterschiedliche Formen des Erwerbsalters für konkrete Nomina des Deutschen: produktives Erwerbsalter, Benennalter und geschätztes Erwerbsalter. Das geschätzte Erwerbsalter wurde für ein Korpus von 255 Objektbezeichnungen (Snodgrass & Vanderwart, 1980), erhoben. Geschätztes Erwerbsalter, Benennalter und produktives Erwerbsalter wurden für ein Subset von 33 Stimuli miteinander verglichen. Es zeigten sich hochsignifikante Korrelationen zwischen allen drei Formen des Erwerbsalters. Allerdings erwies sich das produktive Erwerbsalter als signifikant niedriger als das geschätzte Erwerbsalter und das Benennalter, während sich letztere Messungen nicht voneinander unterscheiden. Das geschätzte Erwerbsalter scheint daher am ehesten dem Benennalter zu entsprechen. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß das Benennalter eine geeignete Messung zur Validierung von geschätzten Erwerbsdaten darstellt.
Dyslexien und Dysgraphien
(2003)
Background: A large number of studies examining agrammatic comprehension of canonical and non-canonical sentences in Broca's aphasia have focused on passives and results have been interpreted in theoretical frameworks such as the trace deletion hypothesis (TDH: Grodzinsky, 1995a). However, there are a number of unresolved issues associated with passives. The linguistic analysis of passive structures in different languages has remained controversial as well as the empirical neurolinguistic basis of agrammatic passive comprehension. In addition, a variety of morphological and semantic questions have been raised with respect to the implicit argument in short passives and the ordering of thematic roles reflected by different positions of the by-phrase in long passives. Aims: The major aims of the present study were to re-examine the analyses of passives with and without traces, the role of an implicit argument in short passives, and the influence of the position of the by-phrase on agrammatic sentence comprehension. Methods & Procedures: A binary picture-sentence matching task was administered to six non-fluent German agrammatic speakers. Various types of passives including long, short, and topicalised passives were tested. Additionally, comprehension of active SVO sentences was assessed in a separate but similar session. Only those patients whose comprehension on active sentences was above chance were included. Outcomes & Results: As a group, the six subjects performed above chance over all passive types. If only long canonical passives are considered, as is done in most studies, five subjects showed a pattern compatible with the TDH. However, the picture was modified if other passive constructions were taken into account, in which case only three of the six subjects showed TDH conformity. Conclusions: There is no unique pattern of agrammatic passive comprehension and only half of the agrammatic subjects conformed to the trace deletion hypothesis. Given the results on long canonical and topicalised passives, our data support linguistic analyses that assume a trace- based derivation of passives. Furthermore, the results are in line with linguistic analyses adopting an implicit argument in short passives. Since comprehension of topicalised passives with a canonical order of theta-roles was not better than that of long passives without a canonical order, the agrammatic problem with passives does not seem to hinge on semantics
Many agrammatic aphasics have a specific syntactic comprehension deficit involving processing syntactic transformations. It has been proposed that this deficit is due to a dysfunction of Broca's area, an area that is thought to be critical for comprehension of complex transformed sentences. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of Broca's area in processing canonical and non-canonical sentences in healthy subjects. The sentences were presented auditorily and were controlled for task difficulty. Subjects were asked to judge the grammaticality of the sentences while their brain activity was monitored using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Processing both kinds of sentences resulted in activation of language-related brain regions. Comparison of non-canonical and canonical sentences showed greater activation in bilateral temporal regions; a greater activation of Broca's area in processing antecedent-gap relations was not found. Moreover, the posterior part of Broca's area was conjointly activated by both sentence conditions. Broca's area is thus involved in general syntactic processing as required by grammaticality judgments and does not seem to have a specific role in processing syntactic transformations. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Tense and Agreement dissociations in German agrammatic speakers : Underspecification vs. hierarchy
(2005)
The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether German agrammatic production data are compatible with the Tree-Pruning-Hypothesis (TPH; Friedmann & Grodzinsky, 1997). The theory predicts unidirectional patterns of dissociation in agrammatic production data with respect to Tense and Agreement. However, there was evidence of a double dissociation between Tense and Agreement in our data. The presence of a bidirectional dissociation is incompatible with any theory which assumes a hierarchical order between these categories such as the TPH or other versions thereof (such as Lee's, 2003 top-down hypothesis). It will be argued that the data can better be accounted for by relying on newer linguistic theories such as the Minimalist Program (MP, Chomsky, 2000), which does not assume a hierarchical order between independent syntactic Tense and Agreement nodes but treats them as different features (semantically interpretable vs. uninterpretable) under a single node. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Recently, neurolinguistic explanations informed by linguistic theory have been proposed to account for spontaneous and elicited agrammatic speech production. These are either formulated in terms of impaired representations or they refer to impaired processing. Both have in common that they assume severe disorders of question production due to vulnerability of the left periphery of sentence structures in the representational account, of verb movement in the processing account. We report the results of question elicitation and spontaneous speech analysis in eight chronic German agrammatic speakers. The results indicate that there is not one homogeneous agrammatic pattern, but that the data reveal double dissociations which cannot be accounted for by the unitary explanations of agrammatism which are presently available. An alternative explanation will be provided which-in contrast to the representational account not only refers to global hierarchically organized nodes but relies on linguistic differences within these nodes. The assumption that they can be differentially affected in agrammatism can account for the observed patterns. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
In his short paper of 1886, the neogrammarian linguist Delbruck sketches his views on normal language processing and their relevance for the interpretation of some of the symptoms of progressive anomic aphasia. In particular, he discusses proper name impairments, verb and abstract noun superiority and the predominance of semantically related errors. Furthermore, he suggests that part of speech, morphology and word order may be preserved in this condition. This historical document has been lost in oblivion but the original ideas and their relevance for contemporary discussions merit a revival.