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A remarkable feature of quantum theory is nonlocality ( Bell inequality violations). However, quantum correlations are not maximally nonlocal, and it is natural to ask whether there are compelling reasons for rejecting theories in which stronger violations are possible. To shed light on this question, we consider post-quantum theories in which maximally nonlocal states ( nonlocal boxes) occur. We show that reversible transformations in such theories are trivial: they consist solely of local operations and permutations of systems. In particular, no correlations can be created; nonlocal boxes cannot be prepared from product states and classical computers can efficiently simulate all such processes.
Alltagsorientierte Therapie
(2010)
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been discussed as marker of kidney function. In addition to an elevated concentration, the existence of truncated RBP4 species, RBP4-L (truncated at last C-terminal leucine) and RBP4-LL (truncated at both C-terminal leucines), has been reported in serum of hemodialysis patients. Since little is known about the occurrence of RBP4 species during the progression of CKD it was the aim of this study to analyse this possible association. The presence of RBP4, RBP4-L, RBP4- LL and transthyretin (TTR) was assessed in serum of 45 healthy controls and 52 patients with stage 2-5 of CKD using ELISA and RBP4 immunoprecipitation with subsequent MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. A reduction of glomerular filtration rate was accompanied by a gradual elevation of RBP4 serum levels and relative amounts of RBP4-LL. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association of the RBP4-TTR ratio with parameters of lipid metabolism and with diabetes-related factors. In conclusion, RBP4 serum concentration and the appearance of RBP4-LL seem to be influenced by kidney function. Furthermore, the RBP4-TTR ratio may provide diagnostic potential with regard to metabolic complications in CKD patients.
Ambiente e aspetti meteorologici nei testi letterari degli autori italiani in Germania (1964 - 2004)
(2010)
Amphiphilic dual brush block copolymers as "giant surfactants" and their aqueous self-assembly
(2010)
Amphiphilic dual brush diblock as well as symmetrical triblock polymers were synthesized by the overlay of the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer and the nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) techniques. While poly(ethylene glycol) brushes served as hydrophilic block, the hydrophobic block was made of polystyrene brushes. The resulting "giant surfactants" correspond structurally to the established amphiphilic diblock and triblock copolymer known as macrosurfactants. The aggregation behavior of the novel "giant surfactants" in aqueous solution was studied by dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) over a large range in reciprocal space. Further, the self-assembled aggregates Were investigated by scanning force microscopy (SFM) after deposition on differently functionalized ultraflat solid substrates. Despite the high fraction of hydrophobic segments, the polymers form stable mesoscopic, spherical aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 150-350 nm. Though prepared from well-defined individual polymers, the aggregates show several similarities to hard core latexes. They are stable enough to he deposited without much changes onto surfaces, where they cluster and show Spontaneous sorting according to their size within the clusters, with the larger aggregates being in the center.
I. Keine europäischen Vorgaben zur Haftung II. Anwendung allgemeiner Amtshaftungsgrundsätze III. System der Amtshaftung in Deutschland IV. Maßgebliche Amtshandlungen des Einheitlichen Ansprechpartners V. Maßgebliche Amtshandlungen zuständiger Stellen VI. Amtshaftung wegen fehlender elektronischer Erreichbarkeit? VII. Haftende Körperschaft
Gelatin is a non-immunogenic and degradable biopolymer, which is widely applied in the biomedical field e. g. for drug capsules or as absorbable hemostats. However, gelatin materials present limited and hardly reproducible mechanical properties especially in aqueous systems, particularly caused by the uncontrollable partial renaturation of collagen-like triple helices. Therefore, mechanically demanding applications for gelatin-based materials, such as vascular patches, i.e. hydrogel films that seal large incisions in vessel walls, and for induced autoregeneration, are basically excluded if this challenge is not addressed. Through the synthesis of a defined chemical network of gelatin with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in DMSO, the self-organization of gelatin chains could be hindered and amorphous gelatin films were successfully prepared having Young's moduli of 60-530 kPa. Transferring the crosslinking reaction with HDI and, alternatively, ethyl lysine diisocyanate (LDI), to water as reaction medium allowed the tailoring of swelling behaviour and mechanical properties by variation of crosslinker content while suppressing the formation of helices. The hydrogels had Young's moduli of 70-740 kPa, compressive moduli of 16-48 kPa, and degrees of swelling of 300-800 vol%. Test reactions investigated by ESI mass spectrometry allowed the identification and quantification of reaction products of the crosslinking reaction. The HDI crosslinked networks were stabilized by direct covalent crosslinks (ca. 10 mol%), supported by grafting (50 mol%) and blending of hydrophobic oligomeric chains. For the LDI- based networks, less crosslinked (3 mol%) and grafted species (5 mol%) and much higher amounts of oligomers were observed. The adjustable hydrogel system enables the application of gelatin-based materials in physiological environments.
We review our understanding of Saturn's rings after nearly 6 years of observations by the Cassini spacecraft. Saturn's rings are composed mostly of water ice but also contain an undetermined reddish contaminant. The rings exhibit a range of structure across many spatial scales; some of this involves the interplay of the fluid nature and the self-gravity of innumerable orbiting centimeter- to meter-sized particles, and the effects of several peripheral and embedded moonlets, but much remains unexplained. A few aspects of ring structure change on time scales as short as days. It remains unclear whether the vigorous evolutionary processes to which the rings are subject imply a much younger age than that of the solar system. Processes on view at Saturn have parallels in circumstellar disks.
Soil respiration is the second largest flux in the global carbon cycle, yet the underlying below-ground process, carbon dioxide (CO2) production, is not well understood because it can not be measured in the field. CO2 production has frequently been calculated from the vertical CO2 diffusive flux divergence, known as "soil-CO2 profile method". This relatively simple model requires knowledge of soil CO2 concentration profiles and soil diffusive properties. Application of the method for a tropical lowland forest soil in Panama gave inconsistent results when using diffusion coefficients (D) calculated based on relationships with soil porosity and moisture ("physically modeled" D). Our objective was to investigate whether these inconsistencies were related to (1) the applied interpolation and solution methods and/or (2) uncertainties in the physically modeled profile of D. First, we show that the calculated CO2 production strongly depends on the function used to interpolate between measured CO2 concentrations. Secondly, using an inverse analysis of the soil-CO2 profile method, we deduce which D would be required to explain the observed CO2 concentrations, assuming the model perception is valid. In the top soil, this inversely modeled D closely resembled the physically modeled D. In the deep soil, however, the inversely modeled D increased sharply while the physically modeled D did not. When imposing a constraint during the fit parameter optimization, a solution could be found where this deviation between the physically and inversely modeled D disappeared. A radon (Rn) mass balance model, in which diffusion was calculated based on the physically modeled or constrained inversely modeled D, simulated observed Rn profiles reasonably well. However, the CO2 concentrations which corresponded to the constrained inversely modeled D were too small compared to the measurements. We suggest that, in well-structured soils, a missing description of steady state CO2 exchange fluxes across water-filled pores causes the soil-CO2 profile method to fail. These fluxes are driven by the different diffusivities in inter- vs. intra-aggregate pores which create permanent CO2 gradients if separated by a "diffusive water barrier". These results corroborate other studies which have shown that the theory to treat gas diffusion as homogeneous process, a precondition for use of the soil-CO2 profile method, is inaccurate for pore networks which exhibit spatial separation between CO2 production and diffusion out of the soil.
In der letzten Jahren ist die Zahl der erfolgreichen Prüfungen von Studierenden im Informatikkurs des ersten Studienjahres für verschiedene Studiengänge an der Universität Óbuda stark gesunken. Dies betrifft Prüfungen in den Teilgebieten Rechnerarchitektur, Betrieb von Peripheriegeräten, Binäre Codierung und logische Operationen, Computerviren, Computernetze und das Internet, Steganographie und Kryptographie, Betriebsysteme. Mehr als der Hälfte der Studenten konnte die Prüfungen der ersten Semester nicht erfolgreich absolvieren. Die hier vorgelegte Analyse der Studienleistungen zielt darauf ab, Gründe für diese Entwicklung zu identifizieren, die Zahl der Abbrecher zu reduzieren und die Leistungen der Studenten zu verbessern. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Studenten die erforderlichen Lehrmaterialen erst ein bis zwei Tage vor oder sogar erst am Tag der Klausuren vom Server downloaden, so dass sie nicht mehr hinreichend Zeit zum Lernen haben. Diese Tendenz zeigt sich bei allen Teilgebieten des Studiengangs. Ein Mangel an kontinuierlicher Mitarbeit scheint einer der Gründe für ein frühes Scheitern zu sein. Ferner zeigt sich die Notwendigkeit, dass bei den Lehrangeboten in Informatik auf eine kontinuierliche Kommunikation mit den Studierenden und Rückmeldung zu aktuellen Unterrichtsinhalten zu achten ist. Dies kann durch motivierende Maßnahmen zur Teilnahme an den Übungen oder durch kleine wöchentliche schriftliche Tests geschehen.
Through-space NMR shieldings were calculated for trinuclear metal-carbonyl compounds [M-3(CO)(12)] (M = Fe, Ru, Os), employing the nucleus-independent chemical shift approach. The through-space shieldings were visualized as a contour plot of iso-chemical shielding surfaces, and were applied to quantify the overall anisotropic effect of the carbonyl groups, as well as to identify the influence of the transition metal on the scopes of the corresponding anisotropy cones. The shielding surfaces show that the anisotropic effect of the carbonyl groups at equatorial positions changes depending on the metal. This effect was associated with pi-backdonation from the metal to the carbonyl groups in that position, in agreement with geometric data as well as calculated NMR parameters. Therefore, visualization of the through-space NMR shieldings of trinuclear metal-carbonyl compounds of group 8 is able to reflect the distinct arrangements of the carbonyl groups in these organometallic compounds.
Although Germany does not figure among the 'forerunners' of managerial reforms of the public sector, it has a long tradition of agencies and non-departmental bodies at the federal level. Over time, the federal administration has developed into a highly differentiated 'administrative zoo' with a large number of species, questioning the image of a well-ordered German bureaucracy. The article addresses organizational changes among non-ministerial agencies during the past 20 years and ministry-agency relations, drawing on data from a comprehensive survey of the federal administration. The structural changes we observe are neither comprehensive nor planned; they are much more evolutionary than revolutionary, driven by sectoral policies and not by any overall agency policy, supported more by regulatory than by managerial reforms, and most of the changes are horizontal mergers or successions of existing organizations, while we find almost no evidence for hiving-off from ministries to agencies. At the same time, federal agencies report a lot of bureaucratic discretion, whereas they perceive substantial levels of 'red tape' due to administrative regulations. We also find that traditional, hierarchical modes of ministerial oversight are still dominating; only few agencies have performance agreements with measurable goals.
We report results on dispersion relations and instabilities of traveling waves in excitable systems. Experiments employ solutions of the 1,4-cyclohexanedione Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction confined to thin capillary tubes which create a pseudo-one-dimensional system. Theoretical analyses focus on a three-variable reaction-diffusion model that is known to reproduce qualitatively many of the experimentally observed dynamics. Using continuation methods, we show that the transition from normal, monotonic to anomalous, single-overshoot dispersion curves is due to an orbit flip bifurcation of the solitary pulse homoclinics. In the case of "wave stacking", this anomaly induces attractive pulse interaction, slow solitary pulses, and faster wave trains. For "wave merging", wave trains break up in the wake of the slow solitary pulse due to an instability of wave trains at small wavelength. A third case, "wave tracking" is characterized by the non-existence of solitary waves but existence of periodic wave trains. The corresponding dispersion curve is a closed curve covering a finite band of wavelengths.
The clerodane diterpenoids trans-kolavenolic acid, 18-oxocleroda-3,13(E)-dien-15-oic acid, ent-(18- hydroxycarbonyl)-cleroda- 3,13(E)-dien-15-oate, 2-oxo-ent-cleroda-3,13(Z)-dien-15-oic acid and trans-2-oxo-ent-cleroda- 13(Z)-en-15-oic acid, and the chlorobenzenoid O-(3-hydroxy-4-hydroxycarbonyl-5-pentylphenyl)-3-chloro-4-methoxy-6-pentyl- 2-oxybenzoic acid were isolated from Tessmannia martiniana var pauloi and T. martiniana var matiniana. Structures were established based on interpretation of spectroscopic data. Some of the compounds exhibited significant antimosquito, antifungal and antibacterial activities.
Projektmanagement-Kompetenzen werden von Unternehmen unterschiedlichster Branchen mit wachsender Priorität betrachtet und eingefordert. Als Beitrag zu einer kompetenzorientierten Ausbildung werden in diesem Paper interdisziplinäre Studienmodule als Bestandteil des Wirtschaftsinformatik-Studiums vorgestellt. Zielsetzung der Studienmodule ist die Befähigung der Studierenden, konkrete Projekte unter Nutzung von standardisierten Werkzeugen und Methoden nach dem IPMA-Standard planen und durchführen zu können.
Armut als Ideal
(2010)
In this investigation we analyze the evolution of forms that constitute the Copiapo River estuarine system during the past 30 years. Through photo interpretation and field work is possible to realize that during the period, the essential forms of the estuary haven't manifest significant changes, on the other hand, estuarine complex such as the estuarine lagoon, sandy beach and dunes have presented modifications. The most significant morphological elements in order to understand these phenomena of changes have been the dynamics of waves and their spatial correlation with the width of the surf zone and dune continuum. The basic shapes present stabilization in their dynamic, which allows us to consider the estuarine system of Copiapo, a paleoestuario.
Aspekte des Zitat : Überlegungen zur Anwendung eines modernen Konzepts auf antike lateinische Texte
(2010)
In the humid tropics, continuing high deforestation rates are seen alongside an increasing expansion of secondary forests. In order to understand and model the consequences of these dynamic land-use changes for regional water cycles, the response of soil hydraulic properties to forest disturbance and recovery has to be quantified.At a site in the Brazilian Amazonia, we annually monitored soil infiltrability and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) at 12.5, 20 cm, and 50 cm soil depth after manual forest conversion to pasture (year zero to four after pasture establishment), and during secondary succession after pasture abandonment (year zero to seven after pasture abandonment). We evaluated the hydrological consequences of the detected changes by comparing the soil hydraulic properties with site-specific rainfall intensities and hydrometric observations. Within one year after grazing started, infiltrability and K-s at 12.5 and 20 cm depth decreased by up to one order of magnitude to levels which are typical for 20-year-old pasture. In the three subsequent monitoring years, infiltrability and K-s remained stable. Land use did not impact on subsoil permeability. Whereas infiltrability values are large enough to allow all rainwater to infiltrate even after the conversion, the sudden decline of near-surface K-s is of hydrological relevance as perched water tables and overland flow occur more often on pastures than in forests at our study site. After pasture abandonment and during secondary succession, seven years of recovery did not suffice to significantly increase infiltrability and K-s at 12.5 depth although a slight recovery is obvious. At 20 cm soil depth, we detected a positive linear increase within the seven-year time frame but annual means did not differ significantly. Although more than a doubling of infiltrability and K-s is still required to achieve pre-disturbance levels, which will presumably take more than a decade, the observed slight increases of K-s might already decrease the probability of perched water table generation and overland flow development well before complete recovery.
Let H-h = h(2)L + V, where L is a self-adjoint Laplace type operator acting on sections of a vector bundle over a compact Riemannian manifold and V is a symmetric endomorphism field. We derive an asymptotic expansion for the heat kernel of H-h as h SE arrow 0. As a consequence we get an asymptotic expansion for the quantum partition function and we see that it is asymptotic to the classical partition function. Moreover, we show how to bound the quantum partition function for positive h by the classical partition function.
Athanarich, Alarich, Athaulf
(2010)
In den drei Generationen von Athanarich bis Athaulf unterlag die terwingische/westgotische Konzeption und Ausübung von Herrschaft einem tiefgreifenden Wandlungsprozeß. Athanarich, der letzte „Richter“ der Terwingen regierte in traditioneller Weise, innerhalb der (sakralen) Grenzen seiner Position und ohne seinen Machtanspruch durch römische Ämter oder Titel zu stärken. Alarich etablierte ein Heerkönigtum und trug durch die Erfolge, zu denen er seine Gruppe führte, wesentlich zur Ethnogenese der Westgoten bei. Athaulf, sein Schwiegersohn und Nachfolger, unternahm durch seine Heirat mit Galla Placidia, der Halbschwester des Kaisers Honorius einen neuartigen Versuch, die Westgoten ins weströmische Reich zu integrieren.
The article critically discusses the use of literary dialogue for the linguistic analysis of interaction. The linguistic characteristics of literary dialogue itself as well as the specific communication situation in which literary dialogue is positioned as an interactionally designed text of an author created for an overhearing audience should be taken into consideration when approaching fictional dialogue as linguistic and interactional data. It is argued that these features of literary respectively fictional dialogue should influence and restrict the kind of questions and linguistic approaches to such data. When formulating a research question the artificial character of literary dialogue should be considered because speech and interaction in drama is the creation of an author. Speech and interaction styles in drama, for example, are primarily an important resource for authors to characterize their characters, what is illustrated by a sample analysis of some features within the communicative behaviour of three characters from Gabriela Zapolska's drama Moralnosc pani Dulskiej.
We study the autoresonant solution of Duffing's equation in the presence of dissipation. This solution is proved to be an attracting set. We evaluate the maximal amplitude of the autoresonant solution and the time of transition from autoresonant growth of the amplitude to the mode of fast oscillations. Analytical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
Until well into the twentieth century, Jews and Christians had no mutual basis for discourse. The Christian- Jewish dialogue and the rapprochement between the Holy See and the State of Israel are owed in essence to feelings of shame regarding the Shoah. The Second Vatican Council and the pontificate of John Paul II signified substantial breakthroughs. Since then, though, the sense of guilt has eased, and the Roman Catholic Church's awareness of the injustice of its role as fellow traveller to, and henchman of, the Third Reich has diminished. Under the current Pope, Benedict XVI, the relationship between Jews and Catholics has noticeably deteriorated. After five years of his pontificate, Joseph Ratzinger has lost a great deal of trust, and not only among Jews.
Basic-level salience is a fundamental concept in Cognitive Psychology and related disciplines. It captures the phenomenon that the basic level of categorization is psychologically more salient than other levels (Rosch et al. 1976). However, findings showing that basic-level words possess a superior status in human communication and vocabulary learning (Rosch et al. 1976; Koevecses 2006) so far pertained only to individuals' L1. In this paper, we argue that Rosch et al's insights are highly relevant in L2 contexts as well. To test the hypothesis that basic-level salience can be evidenced in L2 vocabulary learning, an experiment was conducted among 69 Chinese adult learners of English. On a series of slides, participants were simultaneously presented with different pictures and three English words at the superordinate, basic, and subordinate level. This presentation was followed by a picture naming task, in which participants were expected to write down the first English names that came to their mind. The main results of this experiment are as follows: 1) L2 basic-level words are the most readily given responses in the picture naming task, suggesting the existence of the basic-level salience in L2 vocabulary learning; 2) the presence of the basic-level salience is a matter of degree, influenced by factors such as concept familiarity and, what we call, the "first- encountered-first-retrieved" effect. The mapping of the L1-based categorical organization onto the L2 vocabulary learning process has theoretical and practical (i.e., pedagogical) implications, which are addressed at the end of this chapter.
Bedrock fracturing and rock strength are widely believed to influence landscape morphology and erosional resistance. Yet, understanding of the quantitative relationship between rock-mass strength and landscape evolution remains limited. Here we present a new application of seismic refraction surveys that uses variations in seismic velocity to interpret differences in bedrock fracture density with depth. We use a comparative study of Fiordland and the western Southern Alps of New Zealand to examine how differences in rock type and bedrock fracturing influence landscape morphology and landslide response to rock uplift. In both regions, slopes appear invariant with differential rock-uplift rates and slope distributions reveal modal hillslope angles of similar to 32 degrees. The majority of landslides initiate on slopes steeper than the modal hillslope angle, however, landslide magnitude-frequency distributions reveal order-of-magnitude differences between the regions, with Fiordland experiencing considerably smaller and less frequent landsliding events. Landslide-driven denudation rates of similar to 9 mm/yr in the western Southern Alps and between similar to 0.1 and 0.3 mm/yr in Fiordland approximate estimates of long-term rock-uplift rates for each region. The invariance of hillslope angles, near-normal slope distributions, predominance of landslide initiation on slopes steeper than modal values, and the apparent balance between rates of uplift and landslide-driven erosion suggest that hillslopes in both regions are at threshold angles. Their similar modal slopes further suggest that both ranges are characterized by equivalent rock-mass strength, despite striking differences in lithology. Additionally, our seismic analysis reveals nearly identical surface p-wave velocities. The unexpected equivalence of both modal slopes and surface velocities between these lithologically distinct ranges is attributed to contrasting degrees of surface fracturing that have differentially affected the intact rock properties, such that they now yield equivalent surface velocities and hillslope-scale strengths. Given that surface fractures help regulate threshold angles by modulating hillslope strength; we propose that shallow seismic velocities may provide a quantitative proxy for rock-mass strength. We define two contrasting fracture and landsliding environments. In Fiordland, dense geomorphic fracturing that is focused within the shallow subsurface appears to limit the depth and magnitude of most bedrock landslides. Conversely, in the western Southern Alps, tectonic forces produce pervasive fracturing with depth that results in larger, and deeper landslides. Our data suggest that bedrock fracturing at the Earth's surface modulates threshold hillslope angles, whereas the depth of bedrock fracturing influences the magnitude and frequency of landslide response to tectonic rock uplift.
A list of rare or interesting phanerogams from Potsdam and surroundings is presented. Most of them were recorded between 2006 and 2008. In some cases short remarks about the taxonomy, distribution and other details are given. The collections of Geranium purpureum and Parietaria judaica are the first records for Brandenburg. The collections of Agastache foeniculum, Coreopsis lanceolata, Geranium nodosum, Hieracium amplexicaule, Juncus ensifolius, Lactuca virosa, Sedum sarmentosum and Verbena bonariensis are probably the first information about adventive occurences of these species in this Federal State. Viscum album is reported on rare host species: Chaenomelis sp., Quercus spp. and Rosa hybrids.
Bemerkenswerte Pilzfunde auf der 38. Brandenburgischen Botanikertagung in Groß Pinnow/Uckermark
(2010)
Der Beitrag geht mit den Texten des Autors Bernd Wagner auf eine Reise, die sowohl unterschiedliche Raeume wie unterschiedliche Zeiten betrifft. Insbesondere die Zeitmauer von Berlin (Ost) nach Berlin (West), die in Wagners Leben einen tiefen Einschnitt hinterliess, zeigt die Dialektik von Diskontinuitaet und Kontinuitaet im Denken und Schreiben Bernd Wagners. Bereits fuer den DDR-Autor Wagner waren Zeitreisen als "Reisen im Kopf" (so auch der Titel seines letzten Bandes in der offiziellen DDR-Literatur) ein schier unerschoepfliches Thema unangepassten Erzaehlens. Es entstanden durch die Erzaehlung Freiraeume, die von der Phantasie erschlossen wurden und die sich ueber die Mauern und Grenzen des tatsaechlichen Lebens hinwegsetzten. Mit der "Wut im Koffer" zeigt der Reisende Wagner auch nach dem Mauerfall, dass sein Reisegepaeck immer griffbereit ist. Ob es ihn nach Chihuahua oder Bali verschlaegt - er bleibt neugierig den eigenen Wegen auf der Spur.
Between history and legend
(2010)
In the early modern period, Jewish historiography moved from the Hebrew domain into the Yiddish one. Jewish writers have succeeded to match the historical literature to the particular needs of their audience. The most popular Yiddish chronicle of this kind was written in Amsterdam in the 18th century by Menachem Man Amelander, following both the Jewish and Christian genre. This paper briefly surveys the genre characteristics of this chronicle and the way it served the purpose of guarding Jewish memory and tradition.
The present study shows that small admixtures of one chlorophyll a (Chla) molecule per several hundred lipid molecules have strong destabilizing effect on lipid bilayers. This effect is clearly displayed in the properties of the L-alpha-H-II transformations and results from a Chla preference for the H-II relative to the L-alpha phase. Chla disfavors the lamellar liquid crystalline phase L-alpha and induces its replacement with inverted hexagonal phase H-II, as is consistently demonstrated by DSC and X-ray diffraction measurements on phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) dispersions. Chla lowers the L-alpha-H-II transition temperature (42 degrees C) of the fully hydrated dipalmitoleoyl PE (DPoPE) by similar to 8 degrees C and similar to 17 degrees C at Chla/DPoPE molar ratios of 1:500 and 1:100, respectively. Similar Chla effect was recorded also for dielaidoyl PE dispersions. The lowering of the transition temperature and the accompanying significant loss of transition cooperativity reflect the Chla repartitioning and preference for the H-II phase. The reduction of the H-II phase lattice constant in the presence of Chla is an indication that Chla favors v phase formation by decreasing the radius of spontaneous monolayer curvature, and not by filling up the interstitial spaces between the H-II phase cylinders. The observed Chla preference for H-II phase and the substantial bilayer destabilization in the vicinity of a bilayer-to-nonbilayer phase transformation caused by low Chla concentrations can be of interest as a potential regulatory or membrane-damaging factor.