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Dielectric loss spectroscopy (DLS) was performed at compact samples and lamellary organized Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films from various fatty acid salts. Previous thermoanalytical measurements at compact samples revealed the appearance of two different phase transition temperatures; the lower one is related to the acid the second one to the acid salt molecules. In spite of ill defined electrical contacts with the film the characteristic DLS frequencies obtained from about 100nm thick multilayer films are similar to those recorded from bulk samples. No significant variations of frequencies were found changing the counter ions. Besides conductivity influence at low frequncies we found two relaxations related to the mobility of the dipolar carboxylat-metal group at about 100 and 10000Hz. One of these frequencies is related to the rotation around the chain axis. The strength of this relaxation increases significantly with increasing the sample temperature above 105°C. This temperature is connected with a structural phase transition observed by X-ray reflectometry. In case of Pb-stearate the results of the dielectric measurements help to interprete this structural change as a transition from an orthorhombic into a free-rotator phase. The uncorrelated rotation of molecules around their molecular axes initiates a much increased relaxation strength at the carboxylat-metal sites.
Elite und Elitenbildung II : zu den Prinzipien von Auslese und Gleichheit im deutschen Spitzensport
(2000)
Over the recent years, the French sports élite became one of the most important political representatives of the Grande Nation. The latest achievements were the triumphs in the Soccer World and European Championships, which not only became the symbol for France's abilities, but also the symbol for the ability of the French integration model. This paper discusses the social and political foundations, which ensure the development of the sports élite. I conclude that since the 60s the centralist state established a system of educating the sports élite analogously to the well-known traditional model of élite-recruitment.