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Wiederanlauf nach der Krise
(2020)
Jetzt intelligent aus der Krise heraus starten! Der Anlauf von Neuprodukten und der jetzt notwendige Wiederanlauf nach der Corona-Krise haben einige Gemeinsamkeiten: In beiden Fällen muss vorsichtig vorgegangen werden, es muss eine hohe Wandlungsfähigkeit und Anpassungsfähigkeit aufrechterhalten werden, um schnell auf eine Veränderung der Situation reagieren zu können und es werden geeignete Werkzeuge und Prognoseverfahren benötigt, um sich die Auswirkungen von geplanten Schritten vorher verdeutlichen zu können. Das vorliegende Herausgeberwerk wurde zusammengestellt, um Expertenwissen für die Praxis nutzbar zu machen. Die über 30 Aufsätze in diesem Werk dienen dem Ziel, das Thema „Wiederanlauf nach der Krise“ aus allen wichtigen Blickwinkeln zu beleuchten und alle relevanten Branchen zu berücksichtigen. Nach der Darstellung allgemeiner Prinzipien des Wiederanlaufs werden Methoden und Werkzeuge vorgestellt, bevor dann Spezika einzelner Branchen diskutiert werden. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die international vernetzte Automobilindustrie sowie die globalen Lieferketten. Weitere Branchen wie die Elektronikfertigung und die Herstellung von Konsumgütern werden ebenfalls besprochen. Zielgruppe dieses Werkes sind vor allem diejenigen, die jetzt den Wiederanlauf von Produktionssystemen nach der drastischen Reduzierung durch das neuartige Corona-Virus planen, vorbereiten und umsetzen.
Welfare beyond consumption
(2020)
In developed regions worldwide, so-called anti-consumers are increasingly resisting high-level consumption lifestyles or shifting to alternative forms of consumption. A general reduction in consumption levels is considered necessary to attain global sustainability goals. However, knowledge regarding the factors driving people to deliberately consume less and how anti-consumption affects individuals' well-being is limited. Against this background, this study considers the influence of human values and the well-being effects of two types of anti-consumption: voluntary simplicity and collaborative consumption. Based on representative data from the US (N = 1075) and Germany (N = 1070), the findings show that the two anti-consumption types do not reduce the well-being of individuals' but in some cases, even improve it, which suggests that lowering consumption can not only help protect environmental resources but also serve the greater good of society. In particular, this relationship holds among collaborative consumers with a strong need for cognition, i.e., a cognitive thinking style that involves a high level of decision control. According to the study results, opposite value orientations are the drivers of voluntary simplicity and collaborative consumption (i.e., a focus on self-transcendence versus self-enhancement). These findings are comparable in both countries; however, the strength of the effects differs.
Für die Transformation der industriellen Fertigung stellt die Integration der Realwelt und die parallele Abbildung in der Digitalwelt eine wichtige Anforderung dar. Hier greift das Konzept des digitalen Zwillings zur digitalen Repräsentation physischer Objekte. Zur Verbesserung der Mensch-Maschinen-Interaktion zwischen Fabrikpersonal, Anlagen sowie Werkstücken und Steigerung der Transparenz am Shopfloor, kann ein solcher digitaler Zwilling relevante Daten liefern. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur Visualisierung des digitalen Zwillings mittels Augmented Reality vorgestellt und evaluiert.
Verwaltung im Lockdown
(2020)
Die Corona-Pandemie hat im Frühjahr 2020 auch die öffentliche Verwaltung gezwungen, die Arbeit zu einem großen Teil ins Homeoffice zu verlagern. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Studie vor, die mittels qualitativer Interviews und einer Online-Befragung (N=1.189) Beschäftigte öffentlicher Organisationen zum Umgang mit der Krise und den Erfahrungen mit dem Homeoffice befragt hat.
Verwaltung im Lockdown
(2020)
Die Corona-Pandemie hat im Frühjahr 2020 auch die öffentliche Verwaltung gezwungen, die Arbeit zu einem großen Teil ins Homeoffice zu verlagern. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Studie vor, die mittels qualitativer Interviews und einer Online-Befragung (N=1.189) Beschäftigte öffentlicher Organisationen zum Umgang mit der Krise und den Erfahrungen mit dem Homeoffice befragt hat.
Objective We propose a data-driven method to detect temporal patterns of disease progression in high-dimensional claims data based on gradient boosting with stability selection. Materials and methods We identified patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a German health insurance claims database with 6.5 million individuals and divided them into a group of patients with the highest disease severity and a group of control patients with lower severity. We then used gradient boosting with stability selection to determine variables correlating with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis of highest severity and subsequently model the temporal progression of the disease using the selected variables. Results We identified a network of 20 diagnoses (e.g. respiratory failure), medications (e.g. anticholinergic drugs) and procedures associated with a subsequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis of highest severity. Furthermore, the network successfully captured temporal patterns, such as disease progressions from lower to higher severity grades. Discussion The temporal trajectories identified by our data-driven approach are compatible with existing knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showing that the method can reliably select relevant variables in a high-dimensional context. Conclusion We provide a generalizable approach for the automatic detection of disease trajectories in claims data. This could help to diagnose diseases early, identify unknown risk factors and optimize treatment plans.
User Experience (UX) describes the holistic experience of a user before, during, and after interaction with a platform, product, or service. UX adds value and attraction to their sole functionality and is therefore highly relevant for firms. The increased interest in UX has produced a vast amount of scholarly research since 1983. The research field is, therefore, complex and scattered. Conducting a bibliometric analysis, we aim at structuring the field quantitatively and rather abstractly. We employed citation analyses, co-citation analyses, and content analyses to evaluate productivity and impact of extant research. We suggest that future research should focus more on business and management related topics.
In a multisource, lagged design field study of 66 consulting teams, we investigated the role of leader mood in unlocking the performance potential of functionally diverse teams. In line with our hypotheses, we found that, given high levels of leader positive mood, functional diversity was positively related to collective team identification. In contrast, given high levels of leader negative mood, functional diversity was positively associated with information elaboration in teams. Furthermore, results showed that functional diversity was most strongly related to team performance when both leader positive mood and leader negative mood were high. This study highlights the value of examining seemingly contradictory leadership aspects in the effort to gain a fuller understanding of how to foster performance in diverse teams.
Practitioner points
To effectively lead diverse teams, leaders need to navigate between the need to promote unique ideas (i.e., information elaboration) and the simultaneous need to pull together diverse members towards a common identity.
Leader mood addresses both of these needs. When the team leader exhibited a positive mood, team functional diversity was positively related to members' identification with the team. By contrast, when the team leader displayed a negative mood, team functional diversity was positively related to information elaboration.
Over a 12-day period, diverse teams performed best when the leader showed both positive and negative mood.
Leaders of diverse teams are required to be sensitive to the affective tone of their team and aware of how their emotional displays influence team members' moods and behaviours as well as team processes.
Time to change
(2020)
Industry 4.0 leads to a radical change that is progressing incrementally. The new information and communication technologies provide many conceivable opportunities for their application in the context of sustainable corporate management. The combination of new digital technologies with the ecological and social goals of companies offers a multitude of unimagined potentials and challenges. Although companies already see the need for action, there was in the past and currently still is a lack of concrete measures that lever the potential of Industry 4.0 for sustainability management. During the course of this position paper we develop six theses (two from each sustainability perspective) against the background of the current situation in research and practice, and policy.
This master’s thesis examined the internet content regulation in Germany from a perspective of Public-Private Partnerships. In the European Union, there has been a latest trend of initiatives aiming for combating illegal content online under the self-regulatory regime. Yet, concerns of this trend were that transparency cannot be ensured properly to safeguard the freedom of expression, and that the private intermediaries are not able to carry out effective regulation under the non-binding regulatory process. Due to these issues, Germany has legislated the Network Enforcement Act in 2017. This thesis used Mixed Methods within a Case Study Research, in order to identify the PPP type of the NetzDG, and to understand its link on transparency and effectiveness, as well as the relationship of these two dimensions. By taking an Exploratory Sequential Design, the German internet content regulation under the NetzDG was explored to understand its co-regulatory regime and to develop an instrument to measure the aspects of transparency and effectiveness. Then, the three big social media platforms, YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook, were examined according to the developed indicators. This thesis concluded as follow: First, the enactment of the NetzDG brought the shift of the regulatory paradigm from the self-regulatory to the co-regulatory. Yet, the actor-inclusive institutional arrangement of the NetzDG did not successfully result in the actual inclusion of actors in decision-making, but only improved the result transparency in the disclosure of take-down actions. Second, the level of effective regulation was not consistent across the three social media platforms under this regime. Despite these limitations, this study showed that the transparency and the effectiveness of the social media platforms’ implementation gradually improved together, instead of having a negative correlation to one another.
The envy spiral
(2020)
On Social Networking Sites (SNS) users disclose mostly positive and often self-enhancing information. Scholars refer to this phenomenon as the positivity bias in SNS communication (PBSC). However, while theoretical explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed, an empirical proof of these theorized mechanisms is still missing. The project presented in this Research-in-Progress paper aims at explaining the PBSC with the mechanism specified in the self-enhancement envy spiral. Specifically, we hypothesize that feelings of envy drive people to post positive and self-enhancing content on SNS. To test this hypothesis, we developed an experimental design allowing to examine the causal effect of envy on the positivity of users’ subsequently posted content. In a preliminary study, we tested our manipulation of envy and could show its effectiveness in inducing different levels of envy between our groups. Our project will help to broaden the understanding of the complex dynamics of SNS and the potentially adverse driving forces underlying them.
The economics of COVID-19
(2020)
Purpose
Within a very short period of time, the worldwide pandemic triggered by the novel coronavirus has not only claimed numerous lives but also caused severe limitations to daily private as well as business life. Just about every company has been affected in one way or another. This first empirical study on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on family firms allows initial conclusions to be drawn about family firm crisis management.
Design/methodology/approach
Exploratory qualitative research design based on 27 semi-structured interviews with key informants of family firms of all sizes in five Western European countries that are in different stages of the crisis.
Findings
The COVID-19 crisis represents a new type and quality of challenge for companies. These companies are applying measures that can be assigned to three different strategies to adapt to the crisis in the short term and emerge from it stronger in the long run. Our findings show how companies in all industries and of all sizes adapt their business models to changing environmental conditions within a short period of time. Finally, the findings also show that the crisis is bringing about a significant yet unintended cultural change. On the one hand, a stronger solidarity and cohesion within the company was observed, while on the other hand, the crisis has led to a tentative digitalization.
Originality/value
To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first empirical study in the management realm on the impacts of COVID-19 on (family) firms. It provides cross-national evidence of family firms' current reactions to the crisis.
New technological applications such as Augmented Reality or Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) lead to alternative ways of learning. In order to be able to use this to its potential, the promotion of digital competencies “Digital Competence is the set of knowledge, skills, attitudes, abilities, strategies, and awareness that are required when using ICT and digital media to perform tasks; solve problems; communicate; manage information; collaborate; create and share content; and build knowledge effectively, efficiently, appropriately, critically, creatively, autonomously, flexibly, ethically, reflectively for work, le sure, participation, learning, and socialising.” (Ferrari, 2012). and a corresponding amount of practical "learning-by-doing" effects is required (cf. Ecker/Campbell 2019, p. 154). For this purpose, spaces and framework conditions must be created for application-based learning, which is also increasingly required by the employment market. In this context, we take a closer look at a new emerging subculture in university infrastructure called Maker Movement (MM). Our research work aims at investigating the pedagogical potential of particularly university-integrated makerspaces (MS) to enhance experiential learning with digital tools. To decode the innovative potential, we collected qualitative data from nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews with lab managers and researchers at European MS in six different countries.
Digital transformation (DT) is a major challenge for traditional companies. Despite the term, DT is relatively new; its substance is not: a whole stream of research has examined the relationship between DT and firm performance with contradictory findings. Most of these studies have chosen a linear correlational approach, however, did not analyze the holistic interplay of DT dimensions, leading to firm performance. This applies especially to the mature financial services industry and the future perspectives of traditional financial service providers (FSP). Hence, it remains an open question for both research and practice what DT configurations have a positive impact on firm performance. Against this background, the aim of this exploratory study is to examine how DT dimensions are systemically connected to firm performance of incumbent FSP. Drawing on a qualitative-empirical research approach with case data from 83 FSP, we identify digital configurations along different levels of firm performance. Our findings suggest an evolution of digital configurations of FSP, leading to five empirical standard types from which only one managed to establish a profound basis of DT.
Digital transformation (DT) is a major challenge for traditional companies. Despite the term, DT is relatively new; its substance is not: a whole stream of research has examined the relationship between DT and firm performance with contradictory findings. Most of these studies have chosen a linear correlational approach, however, did not analyze the holistic interplay of DT dimensions, leading to firm performance. This applies especially to the mature financial services industry and the future perspectives of traditional financial service providers (FSP). Hence, it remains an open question for both research and practice what DT configurations have a positive impact on firm performance. Against this background, the aim of this exploratory study is to examine how DT dimensions are systemically connected to firm performance of incumbent FSP. Drawing on a qualitative-empirical research approach with case data from 83 FSP, we identify digital configurations along different levels of firm performance. Our findings suggest an evolution of digital configurations of FSP, leading to five empirical standard types from which only one managed to establish a profound basis of DT.
Sharing economy
(2020)
The sharing economy has received increased attention in entrepreneurship research, resulting in a complex research landscape that is hard to overlook. Using a bibliometric analysis, we aim to further synthesise the field by: 1) summarising the most important definitions given by extant literature to capture the common understanding of the sharing economy; 2) identifying three thematic clusters based on the top 20 most cited publications; 3) conducting a citation analysis to show interdependencies between all authors; and 4) identifying the research methods used in the SE publications. Our results show: 1) many definitions with different emphases; 2) conceptualisation, collaborative consumption/ownership and the disruptive character of the sharing economy as three dominant research clusters; 3) a fairly even citation practice allowing for unbiased future research; and 4) that conceptual publications and quantitative as well as qualitative studies are fairly evenly published.
The usage of gamification in the contexts of commerce, consumption, innovation or eLearning in schools and universities has been extensively researched. However, the potentials of serious games to transfer and perpetuate knowledge and action patterns in learning factories have not been levered so far. The goal of this paper is to introduce a serious game as an instrument for knowledge transfer and perpetuation. Therefore, reqirements towards serious games in the context of learning factories are pointed out. As a result, that builds on these requirements, a serious learning game for the topic of Industry 4.0 is practically designed and evaluated.
The scenario technique is widely used to cope with uncertainties plan for alternate future situations. The extensive research led to a scattered literature landscape. To organize the field quantitatively, we conduct bibliometric performance analyses and a bibliographic coupling analysis. Results show an increased interest in scenario research since 2009 and clear distinctions between strategic and operational as well as methodological and applied research. Future research can be expected to further enhance the method towards robust decision making and to combine it with methods searching for most likely scenarios, such as prediction markets, crowdsourcing, and superforecasting. Additionally, cognitive and behavioral aspects of using the scenario technique might draw further attention. The scenario technique is expected to be applied across all industries and will probably play an increasing role in currently underrepresented business functions such as marketing and innovation.