Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (163)
Year of publication
- 2022 (163) (remove)
Document Type
- Postprint (163) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (163)
Keywords
- bibliometric analysis (3)
- exercise (3)
- machine learning (3)
- muscle strength (3)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Drehbuch (2)
- GPS (2)
- animal personality (2)
- attention (2)
- diabetes (2)
- discrimination (2)
- entrepreneurship (2)
- fence ecology (2)
- food web (2)
- football (2)
- functional traits (2)
- hate speech (2)
- human physical conditioning (2)
- light pollution (2)
- longitudinal (2)
- mathematical precursor (2)
- obesity (2)
- performance (2)
- pre-school (2)
- prevention (2)
- psychosocial moderators (2)
- resistance training (2)
- school mathematics (2)
- ungulate (2)
- validation study (2)
- veterinary cordon fence (2)
- youth sports (2)
- 0thers’ behavior (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- ACWR (1)
- ALAN (1)
- Adaptive Force (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- Adult-child interaction (1)
- Africa (1)
- Aging (1)
- Anastasiia Verbitskaia (1)
- Anastasija Verbickaja (1)
- Anemia (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Ankle injury (1)
- Ankle sprain (1)
- Anna Mar (1)
- Antalek (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arctic ocean (1)
- Asplanchna brightwellii (1)
- Auteur Theorie (1)
- Balkan Turkic (1)
- Barriers (1)
- Basketball (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- BoNT/B uptake (1)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (1)
- COVID 19 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- CRISPR editing validation (1)
- Carabidae beetles (1)
- Chronic conditions (1)
- Cognitive fatigue (1)
- Coping skills and adjustment (1)
- Cross-frequency PLV (1)
- DXA (1)
- Damage assessment (1)
- Data pooling (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Developmental hyperscanning (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Digital Health (1)
- Digital intervention (1)
- Disturbance impacts (1)
- Disturbance indicator (1)
- Dual EEG analysis (1)
- Duration (1)
- Dynamometry (1)
- EEG (1)
- ERA5 (1)
- ESG ratings (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Eccentric muscle action (1)
- Education in Emergencies (1)
- Electronic Health (1)
- Elephant disturbance (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Energy expenditure (1)
- European hare (1)
- Exertion (1)
- Explanations (1)
- Feminismus (1)
- Ferritin (1)
- FieldTrip (1)
- Filmmusik (1)
- Filmmusikanalyse (1)
- Finanzverfassung (1)
- Frauenfilmdramaturgie (1)
- Frauenliteratur (1)
- Functional ankle instability (1)
- GEDI (1)
- GNAT (1)
- Gait (1)
- Germany (1)
- Glucose homeostasis (1)
- Grip force (1)
- HDL (1)
- Hamstring-quadriceps ratio (1)
- Hatespeech (1)
- Health insurance (1)
- Hemoglobin (1)
- Holding isometric muscle action (1)
- Human physical conditioning (1)
- ICESat-2 (1)
- Illuminance (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury risk (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Inter-individual differences (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Intervention (1)
- Intuitive eating (1)
- Iron deficiency anemia (1)
- Isometric contraction (1)
- Isometric muscle action (1)
- Kindes- und Jugendalter (1)
- Komponieren (1)
- K−12 teachers (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCSM (1)
- LC–MS/MS (1)
- LDL (1)
- Lake Malawi (1)
- Landsat (1)
- Lars von Trier (1)
- Legislative organisation (1)
- Levy walks (1)
- Locally structured correlation (1)
- Locally structured standard deviation (1)
- Lymphocytes (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MCI (1)
- MRI (1)
- Mandarin-English bilinguals (1)
- Maria Kallaš (1)
- Mariia Kallash (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) (1)
- Measure validation (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Microtus arvalis (1)
- Microvascular blood filling (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobile Health (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (1)
- Motor system (1)
- Movement (1)
- Movement ecology (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Muscle twitch (1)
- Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- Musik im 20. Jahrhundert (1)
- Musikdramaturgie (1)
- Myodes glareolus (1)
- N400 (1)
- Network clustering (1)
- Neutrophils (1)
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- Noradrenaline (1)
- Number processing (1)
- NutriAct Family Study (1)
- ODBA (1)
- OV–VO (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Omicron (1)
- Open Educational Practices (1)
- Overhead athletes (1)
- Oxygen saturation (1)
- PLV (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Perceived ankle instability (1)
- Performance (1)
- Phase Locking Value (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Physical training (1)
- Plyometric exercise (1)
- Popkultur (1)
- Popmusik (1)
- Postural control (1)
- Pronouns (1)
- Protein complexes (1)
- Protein–protein interaction (1)
- Präexistente Musik (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Pulling isometric muscle action (1)
- Pushing isometric muscle action (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- RSI (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Redundancy (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Reticulocytes (1)
- Richard Wagner (1)
- Rotifera (1)
- Rovdo (1)
- Rumelian Turkic (1)
- Russian Empire (1)
- Russisches Kaiserreich (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SFON (1)
- SNARC (1)
- Schule (1)
- Sentinel 2 (1)
- Shire River (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Sonderabgabe (1)
- Sound (1)
- South-Eastern Africa (1)
- Species comparison (1)
- Specific wood density (1)
- Sport-specific performance (1)
- Standard deviation (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Survey (1)
- Sway (1)
- TMAO reductase (1)
- TMS (1)
- Telehealth (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Time to task failure (1)
- Tiredness (1)
- Tree allometry (1)
- Umlageverfahren (1)
- Urban pluvial flood susceptibility (1)
- Usage (1)
- Variance (1)
- Wearable electronic device (1)
- Wearable technology (1)
- Wood specific gravity (1)
- Woody aboveground biomass (1)
- X-ray (1)
- YouTube (1)
- Youth (1)
- Yucatecan Spanish (1)
- accelerometer (1)
- acid mine drainage (1)
- activity preference (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adolescents (1)
- aged (1)
- aging (1)
- agricultural landscape (1)
- allocation policies (1)
- allostatic load (1)
- allostatic load index (1)
- alpha-2 (1)
- analytical framework for Participatory Educational Practices (1)
- animal behaviour (1)
- anomalous diffusion (1)
- anterior PNP (1)
- anthropometry (1)
- anti-cancer drugs (1)
- antibiotic inactivation (1)
- antibody (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- artificial intelligence for health (1)
- artificial light at night (ALAN) (1)
- assignments (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- authorship attribution (1)
- automated radio telemetry (1)
- back-pain screening (1)
- balance (1)
- basic need satisfaction and frustration (1)
- bat fatalities (1)
- behavior problems (1)
- behavioral and self-report measures (1)
- behavioral type (1)
- biodiversity decline (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- body-specificity hypothesis (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brain health (1)
- buffer zones (1)
- burnout (1)
- business incubators (1)
- cTBS (1)
- calibration (1)
- camelid antibody (1)
- camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (1)
- canopy height (1)
- capacity (1)
- cardiac catheterization (CC) (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cell-based assay (1)
- central and peripheral vision (1)
- centrosome (1)
- chaperone (1)
- childhood and adolescence (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chimera (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chronic back pain (1)
- chronic health condition (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate change adaptation (1)
- clinical sample (1)
- co-citation analysis (1)
- coexistence (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cognitive/muscular fatigue (1)
- color (1)
- community model (1)
- conflict (1)
- constraint (1)
- convolutional neural network (1)
- coping strategies (1)
- copy number analyses (1)
- corporate rules (1)
- corpus dataset (1)
- cortisol (1)
- counter-speech (1)
- counting (1)
- course design (1)
- creative problem solving (1)
- creativity (1)
- cross-national (1)
- cross-species capture (1)
- cyberhate (1)
- decision processes (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep neural networks (1)
- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (1)
- dentistry (1)
- depressive symptoms (1)
- design of experiment (1)
- development (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diachrony (1)
- diagnostic techniques and procedures (1)
- diffusion (1)
- digital contact tracing (1)
- digitalisation (1)
- disaster risk reduction (1)
- discrete choice experiment (1)
- disorder recognition (1)
- distress (1)
- divergent thinking (1)
- drought events (1)
- drought intensity (1)
- drought projections (1)
- drug-sensitivity prediction (1)
- e-learning (1)
- early cinema in the Russian Empire (1)
- echo intensity (1)
- education (1)
- eicosanoids (1)
- electroencephalography (EEG) (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- emergency management (1)
- emotional imagery (1)
- emotions (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- entrepreneurial failure (1)
- entrepreneurship education (1)
- entropy (1)
- environmental change (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- enzymatic inactivation (1)
- enzyme optimization (1)
- epinephrine (1)
- erythropoiesis (1)
- ethnic stereotypes (1)
- everyday life (1)
- exercise cognition (1)
- exercise test (1)
- exercise training (1)
- external load (1)
- extremophiles (1)
- eye movements (1)
- failure outcomes (1)
- federated learning (1)
- feminism (1)
- fence interaction (1)
- finite-size effects (1)
- firm performance (1)
- fitness (1)
- flat feet (1)
- flexibility (1)
- flood predictors (1)
- floods (1)
- florfenicol (1)
- focus group research (1)
- food industry (1)
- fractionation (1)
- frames of reference (1)
- freshwater (1)
- frühes russländisches Kino (1)
- gender (1)
- gender diversity (1)
- genetically modified BoNT (1)
- giving-up density (1)
- graphs (1)
- green-green dilemma (1)
- ground reaction forces (1)
- hair cortisol (1)
- handgrip strength (1)
- head directionality (1)
- head parameter (1)
- health care (1)
- heavy-chain-only antibody (1)
- heliozoa (1)
- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- high-intensity-interval training (1)
- higher education (1)
- hippocampal-prefrontal network (1)
- holding capability (1)
- holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (1)
- home range (1)
- homologous recombination deficiency (1)
- homology-directed repair (1)
- hospitalization (1)
- hoverflies (1)
- hypocortisolemic symptom triad (1)
- immobilization (1)
- implementation quality (1)
- implicit associations (1)
- in-group stereotypes (1)
- incubation effect (1)
- industrial farming (1)
- information elaboration (1)
- injury risk (1)
- innovation (1)
- insulin (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- integration (1)
- intellectual ability (1)
- intelligence (1)
- intention-behavior gap (1)
- inter-brain synchronization (1)
- inter-individual differences (1)
- inter-muscle-brain synchronization (1)
- intergroup contacts (1)
- interpersonal muscle action (1)
- intervention (1)
- intraguild predation (1)
- ion-exchange chromatography (1)
- job demands-resources model (1)
- kinematics (1)
- knots (1)
- landscape homogenization (1)
- landscape of fear (1)
- language acquisition (1)
- language contact (1)
- language courses (1)
- learning path (1)
- lidar (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipids (1)
- literature review (1)
- loading rate (1)
- locus coeruleus (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- low back pain (1)
- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- lower limb mechanics (1)
- macrostructure (1)
- magnitude estimation (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- manual muscle test (1)
- matched time (1)
- mathematical development (1)
- maximal isometric Adaptive Force (1)
- measurement (1)
- mechanomyography (MMG) (1)
- mental number line (1)
- meta-science (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metabolic-profiling (1)
- meteorological drought (1)
- methods (1)
- miRNA (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microstructure (1)
- microvariation (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- mind wandering (1)
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (1)
- mining lakes (1)
- mitochondrial adaptation (1)
- models (1)
- modularization (1)
- molecular species identification (1)
- molecular weaving (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (1)
- motor control (1)
- movement (1)
- movement speed (1)
- multi-level study (1)
- multimodal intervention (1)
- multiple modalities (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle growth (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle quality (1)
- muscle tissue (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- narrative skills (1)
- nascent entrepreneurs (1)
- natural particle (1)
- nearshore zone (1)
- need profiles (1)
- networks (1)
- neural networks (1)
- neurological disorders (1)
- neuromuscular adaptation (1)
- neuroplasticity (1)
- neutralization (1)
- nominalization (1)
- noncompliance (1)
- norepinephrine (1)
- novel biomarkers (1)
- nuclear pore complex (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- nucleoporins (1)
- number knowledge (1)
- numerical development (1)
- numerical skills (1)
- object search (1)
- ocean color remote sensing (1)
- open education (1)
- others’ expectations (1)
- out-group stereotypes (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- pandemic (1)
- parentage (1)
- parliamentary opposition (1)
- participation (1)
- pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (1)
- pedagogical reasoning (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- perceived predation risk (1)
- perceived time pressure (1)
- performance analysis (1)
- performance pressure (1)
- periodic entanglement (1)
- phase angle (1)
- plant functional trait (1)
- pleasant and unpleasant imagery (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
- policy evaluation (1)
- policy-making (1)
- polyenoic fatty acids (1)
- posterior P600 (1)
- power (1)
- precaution (1)
- precuneus (1)
- predictability (1)
- preference (1)
- preference assessment (1)
- preschool children (1)
- preschoolers (1)
- primary marker (1)
- privacy and security (1)
- privacy attack (1)
- privacy calculus (1)
- privacy risks (1)
- probabilistic processing (1)
- production planning and control (1)
- prosthodontics (1)
- protein modification (1)
- psychoeducation (1)
- psychophysiological (1)
- psychotherapy (1)
- psychotherapy process (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- purification (1)
- pushing isometric muscle action (PIMA) (1)
- quality (1)
- quality assessment (1)
- quantification (1)
- racism (1)
- random forest (1)
- random-walk (1)
- ranking type Delphi study (1)
- real options (1)
- refined consensus model (RCM) (1)
- refugee youth (1)
- refugees (1)
- relative complementation (1)
- remote teaching (1)
- renewable energy (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- research design (1)
- research framework (1)
- resilience (1)
- resource-tracking (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- resting-state fMRI (1)
- reversed-phase chromatography (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- risk management (1)
- role-play (1)
- rotifer (1)
- running mechanics (1)
- rural (1)
- sAA (1)
- savanna (1)
- scene memorization (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- school (1)
- school learning (1)
- science teaching (1)
- screenplays (1)
- scripts (1)
- selenite (1)
- self-control (1)
- self-paced learning (1)
- semi-closed mitosis (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensorimotor training intervention (1)
- sharing economy (1)
- shoulder joint (1)
- single case analysis (1)
- single domain antibodies (1)
- single-case design (1)
- single-case experimental design (1)
- social environment (1)
- social inclusion (1)
- solar powered light-emitting diode (1)
- solitary bees (1)
- soliton (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial language (1)
- spatial resolution (1)
- spatial updating (1)
- spatially explicit (1)
- special education (1)
- speech (1)
- sport-specific performance (1)
- sports (1)
- standardized patient (1)
- standardized patient information (1)
- standards (1)
- starch degradation (1)
- starch granule number regulation (1)
- starch initiation (1)
- start-ups (1)
- stated preferences (1)
- stochastic resetting (1)
- stress (1)
- stress intervention (1)
- stress management (1)
- stress types (1)
- stretch shortening cycle exercise (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- study designs (1)
- study protocol (1)
- support vector machine (1)
- surveillance (1)
- suspended sediment (1)
- syrphids (1)
- systematic literature review (1)
- systematic review (1)
- tVNS (1)
- taekwondo electronic scoring system (1)
- taekwondo-specific testing (1)
- tangles (1)
- target capture (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- teacher training (1)
- teaching and learning process (1)
- teaching practice (1)
- team (1)
- team withdrawal (1)
- telework (1)
- text based classification methods (1)
- the INEE minimum standards (1)
- the YEP intervention (1)
- therapist competence (1)
- theta (1)
- time-efficient exercise (1)
- tone at the bottom (1)
- tone at the top (1)
- toxicity (1)
- transformation (1)
- transgenerational response (1)
- translation-reliability (1)
- transparency (1)
- treatment integrity (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- trustworthiness (1)
- type specimens (1)
- unstable walkway (1)
- validation (1)
- variability (1)
- verb movement (1)
- verb phrase (1)
- video analysis (1)
- virtual mobility (1)
- virus infection (1)
- voice (1)
- water sports (1)
- water-balance (1)
- wavelet coherence (1)
- wearable devices (1)
- weight loss (1)
- wheat (1)
- wild bees (1)
- wildlife and habitat management (1)
- wildlife conservation (1)
- wind energy production (1)
- wind energy-biodiversity (1)
- women’s literature (1)
- women’s screenwriting (1)
- word order variation (1)
- work-place behavior (1)
- working memory (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- youth sport (1)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (1)
- Анастасия Вербицкая (1)
- Анна Мар (1)
- Анталек (1)
- Мария Каллаш (1)
- Ровдо (1)
- Российская империя (1)
- женская кинодраматургия (1)
- женская литература (1)
- раннее российское кино (1)
- сценарий (1)
- феминизм (1)
Institute
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (34)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (23)
- Fachgruppe Betriebswirtschaftslehre (13)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (11)
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften (10)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (9)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (8)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (8)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (7)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH (6)
- Strukturbereich Bildungswissenschaften (6)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (6)
- Department Psychologie (4)
- Extern (3)
- Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät (2)
- Institut für Informatik und Computational Science (2)
- Institut für Slavistik (2)
- Sozialwissenschaften (2)
- Öffentliches Recht (2)
- Department Erziehungswissenschaft (1)
- Department Linguistik (1)
- Department Musik und Kunst (1)
- Department für Inklusionspädagogik (1)
- Fachgruppe Soziologie (1)
- Institut für Chemie (1)
- Institut für Germanistik (1)
- Institut für Mathematik (1)
- Institut für Philosophie (1)
- Institut für Romanistik (1)
Privacy regulations and the physical distribution of heterogeneous data are often primary concerns for the development of deep learning models in a medical context. This paper evaluates the feasibility of differentially private federated learning for chest X-ray classification as a defense against data privacy attacks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly compare the impact of differentially private training on two different neural network architectures, DenseNet121 and ResNet50. Extending the federated learning environments previously analyzed in terms of privacy, we simulated a heterogeneous and imbalanced federated setting by distributing images from the public CheXpert and Mendeley chest X-ray datasets unevenly among 36 clients. Both non-private baseline models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.940.94 on the binary classification task of detecting the presence of a medical finding. We demonstrate that both model architectures are vulnerable to privacy violation by applying image reconstruction attacks to local model updates from individual clients. The attack was particularly successful during later training stages. To mitigate the risk of a privacy breach, we integrated Rényi differential privacy with a Gaussian noise mechanism into local model training. We evaluate model performance and attack vulnerability for privacy budgets ε∈{1,3,6,10}�∈{1,3,6,10}. The DenseNet121 achieved the best utility-privacy trade-off with an AUC of 0.940.94 for ε=6�=6. Model performance deteriorated slightly for individual clients compared to the non-private baseline. The ResNet50 only reached an AUC of 0.760.76 in the same privacy setting. Its performance was inferior to that of the DenseNet121 for all considered privacy constraints, suggesting that the DenseNet121 architecture is more robust to differentially private training.
StudyMe
(2022)
N-of-1 trials are multi-crossover self-experiments that allow individuals to systematically evaluate the effect of interventions on their personal health goals. Although several tools for N-of-1 trials exist, there is a gap in supporting non-experts in conducting their own user-centric trials. In this study, we present StudyMe, an open-source mobile application that is freely available from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=health.studyu.me and offers users flexibility and guidance in configuring every component of their trials. We also present research that informed the development of StudyMe, focusing on trial creation. Through an initial survey with 272 participants, we learned that individuals are interested in a variety of personal health aspects and have unique ideas on how to improve them. In an iterative, user-centered development process with intermediate user tests, we developed StudyMe that features an educational part to communicate N-of-1 trial concepts. A final empirical evaluation of StudyMe showed that all participants were able to create their own trials successfully using StudyMe and the app achieved a very good usability rating. Our findings suggest that StudyMe provides a significant step towards enabling individuals to apply a systematic science-oriented approach to personalize health-related interventions and behavior modifications in their everyday lives.
Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
This study examined the spoken narrative skills of a group of bilingual Mandarin–English speaking 3–6-year-olds (N = 25) in Australia, using a remote online story-retell task. Bilingual preschoolers are an understudied population, especially those who are speaking typologically distinct languages such as Mandarin and English which have fewer structural overlaps compared to language pairs that are typologically closer, reducing cross-linguistic positive transfer. We examined these preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills as measured by macrostructures (the global organization of a story) and microstructures (linguistic structures, e.g., total number of utterances, nouns, verbs, phrases, and modifiers) across and within each language, and how various factors such as age and language experiences contribute to individual variability. The results indicate that our bilingual preschoolers acquired spoken narrative skills similarly across their two languages, i.e., showing similar patterns of productivity for macrostructure and microstructure elements in both of their two languages. While chronological age was positively correlated with macrostructures in both languages (showing developmental effects), there were no significant correlations between measures of language experiences and the measures of spoken narrative skills (no effects for language input/output). The findings suggest that although these preschoolers acquire two typologically diverse languages in different learning environments, Mandarin at home with highly educated parents, and English at preschool, they displayed similar levels of oral narrative skills as far as these macro−/micro-structure measures are concerned. This study provides further evidence for the feasibility of remote online assessment of preschoolers’ narrative skills.
We introduce and study a Lévy walk (LW) model of particle spreading with a finite propagation speed combined with soft resets, stochastically occurring periods in which an harmonic external potential is switched on and forces the particle towards a specific position. Soft resets avoid instantaneous relocation of particles that in certain physical settings may be considered unphysical. Moreover, soft resets do not have a specific resetting point but lead the particle towards a resetting point by a restoring Hookean force. Depending on the exact choice for the LW waiting time density and the probability density of the periods when the harmonic potential is switched on, we demonstrate a rich emerging response behaviour including ballistic motion and superdiffusion. When the confinement periods of the soft-reset events are dominant, we observe a particle localisation with an associated non-equilibrium steady state. In this case the stationary particle probability density function turns out to acquire multimodal states. Our derivations are based on Markov chain ideas and LWs with multiple internal states, an approach that may be useful and flexible for the investigation of other generalised random walks with soft and hard resets. The spreading efficiency of soft-rest LWs is characterised by the first-passage time statistic.
Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Stress and pain
(2022)
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) leads to considerable impairment of quality of life worldwide and is often accompanied by psychosomatic symptoms.
Objectives: First, to assess the association between stress and chronic low back pain (CLBP) and its simultaneous appearance with fatigue and depression as a symptom triad. Second, to identify the most predictive stress-related pattern set for CLBP for a 1-year diagnosis.
Methods: In a 1-year observational study with four measurement points, a total of 140 volunteers (aged 18–45 years with intermittent pain) were recruited. The primary outcomes were pain [characteristic pain intensity (CPI), subjective pain disability (DISS)], fatigue, and depressive mood. Stress was assessed as chronic stress, perceived stress, effort reward imbalance, life events, and physiological markers [allostatic load index (ALI), hair cortisol concentration (HCC)]. Multiple linear regression models and selection procedures for model shrinkage and variable selection (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) were applied. Prediction accuracy was calculated by root mean squared error (RMSE) and receiver-operating characteristic curves.
Results: There were 110 participants completed the baseline assessments (28.2 7.5 years, 38.1% female), including HCC, and a further of 46 participants agreed to ALI laboratory measurements. Different stress types were associated with LBP, CLBP, fatigue, and depressive mood and its joint occurrence as a symptom triad at baseline; mainly social-related stress types were of relevance. Work-related stress, such as “excessive demands at work”[b = 0.51 (95%CI -0.23, 1.25), p = 0.18] played a role for upcoming chronic pain disability. “Social overload” [b = 0.45 (95%CI -0.06, 0.96), p = 0.080] and “over-commitment at work” [b = 0.28 (95%CI -0.39, 0.95), p = 0.42] were associated with an upcoming depressive mood within 1-year. Finally, seven psychometric (CPI: RMSE = 12.63; DISS: RMSE = 9.81) and five biomarkers (CPI: RMSE = 12.21; DISS: RMSE = 8.94) could be derived as the most predictive pattern set for a 1-year prediction of CLBP. The biomarker set showed an apparent area under the curve of 0.88 for CPI and 0.99 for DISS.
Conclusion: Stress disrupts allostasis and favors the development of chronic pain, fatigue, and depression and the emergence of a “hypocortisolemic symptom triad,” whereby the social-related stressors play a significant role. For translational medicine, a predictive pattern set could be derived which enables to diagnose the individuals at higher risk for the upcoming pain disorders and can be used in practice.
In intervention research, single-case experimental designs are an important way to gain insights into the causes of individual changes that yield high internal validity. They are commonly applied to examine the effectiveness of classroom-based interventions to reduce problem behavior in schools. At the same time, there is no consensus on good design characteristics of single-case experimental designs when dealing with behavioral problems in schools. Moreover, specific challenges arise concerning appropriate approaches to analyzing behavioral data. Our study addresses the interplay between the test power of piecewise regression analysis and important design specifications of single-case research designs. Here, we focus on the influence of the following specifications of single-case research designs: number of measurement times, the initial frequency of the behavior, intervention effect, and data trend. We conducted a Monte-Carlo study. First, simulated datasets were created with specific design conditions based on reviews of published single-case intervention studies. Following, data were analyzed using piecewise Poisson-regression models, and the influence of specific design specifications on the test power was investigated. Our results indicate that piecewise regressions have a high potential of adequately identifying the effects of interventions for single-case studies. At the same time, test power is strongly related to the specific design specifications of the single-case study: Few measurement times, especially in phase A, and low initial frequencies of the behavior make it impossible to detect even large intervention effects. Research designs with a high number of measurement times show robust power. The insights gained are highly relevant for researchers in the field, as decisions during the early stage of conceptualizing and planning single-case experimental design studies may impact the chance to identify an existing intervention effect during the research process correctly.
Training intervention effects on cognitive performance and neuronal plasticity — A pilot study
(2022)
Studies suggest that people suffering from chronic pain may have altered brain plasticity, along with altered functional connectivity between pain-processing brain regions. These may be related to decreased mood and cognitive performance. There is some debate as to whether physical activity combined with behavioral therapy (e.g. cognitive distraction, body scan) may counteract these changes. However, underlying neuronal mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current pilot study with a 3-armed randomized controlled trial design was to examine the effects of sensorimotor training for nonspecific chronic low back pain on (1) cognitive performance; (2) fMRI activity co-fluctuations (functional connectivity) between pain-related brain regions; and (3) the relationship between functional connectivity and subjective variables (pain and depression). Six hundred and sixty two volunteers with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to a unimodal (sensorimotor training), multidisciplinary (sensorimotor training and behavioral therapy) intervention, or to a control group within a multicenter study. A subsample of patients (n = 21) from one study center participated in the pilot study presented here. Measurements were at baseline, during (3 weeks, M2) and after intervention (12 weeks, M4 and 24 weeks, M5). Cognitive performance was measured by the Trail Making Test and functional connectivity by MRI. Pain perception and depression were assessed by the Von Korff questionnaire and the Hospital and Anxiety. Group differences were calculated by univariate and repeated ANOVA measures and Bayesian statistics; correlations by Pearson's r. Change and correlation of functional connection were analyzed within a pooled intervention group (uni-, multidisciplinary group). Results revealed that participants with increased pain intensity at baseline showed higher functional connectivity between pain-related brain areas used as ROIs in this study. Though small sample sizes limit generalization, cognitive performance increased in the multimodal group. Increased functional connectivity was observed in participants with increased pain ratings. Pain ratings and connectivity in pain-related brain regions decreased after the intervention. The results provide preliminary indication that intervention effects can potentially be achieved on the cognitive and neuronal level. The intervention may be suitable for therapy and prevention of non-specific chronic low back pain.
We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K−12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K−12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K−12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K−12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K−12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Extreme habitats often harbor specific communities that differ substantially from non-extreme habitats. In many cases, these communities are characterized by archaea, bacteria and protists, whereas the number of species of metazoa and higher plants is relatively low. In extremely acidic habitats, mostly prokaryotes and protists thrive, and only very few metazoa thrive, for example, rotifers. Since many studies have investigated the physiology and ecology of individual species, there is still a gap in research on direct, trophic interactions among extremophiles. To fill this gap, we experimentally studied the trophic interactions between a predatory protist (Actinophrys sol, Heliozoa) and its prey, the rotifers Elosa woralli and Cephalodella sp., the ciliate Urosomoida sp. and the mixotrophic protist Chlamydomonas acidophila (a green phytoflagellate, Chlorophyta). We found substantial predation pressure on all animal prey. High densities of Chlamydomonas acidophila reduced the predation impact on the rotifers by interfering with the feeding behaviour of A. sol. These trophic relations represent a natural case of intraguild predation, with Chlamydomonas acidophila being the common prey and the rotifers/ciliate and A. sol being the intraguild prey and predator, respectively. We further studied this intraguild predation along a resource gradient using Cephalodella sp. as the intraguild prey. The interactions among the three species led to an increase in relative rotifer abundance with increasing resource (Chlamydomonas) densities. By applying a series of laboratory experiments, we revealed the complexity of trophic interactions within a natural extremophilic community.
The organisation of legislative chambers and the consequences of parliamentary procedures have been among the most prominent research questions in legislative studies. Even though democratic elections not only lead to the formation of a government but also result in an opposition, the literature has mostly neglected oppositions and their role in legislative chambers. This paper proposes to fill this gap by looking at the legislative organisation from the perspective of opposition players. The paper focuses on the potential influence of opposition players in the policy-making process and presents data on more than 50 legislative chambers. The paper shows considerable variance of the formal power granted to opposition players. Furthermore, the degree of institutionalisation of opposition rights is connected to electoral systems and not necessarily correlated with other institutional characteristics such as regime type or the size of legislative chambers.
Background
Eating in absence of hunger is quite common and often associated with an increased energy intake co-existent with a poorer food choice. Intuitive eating (IE), i.e., eating in accordance with internal hunger and satiety cues, may protect from overeating. IE, however, requires accurate perception and processing of one’s own bodily signals, also referred to as interoceptive sensitivity. Training interoceptive sensitivity might therefore be an effective method to promote IE and prevent overeating. As most studies on eating behavior are conducted in younger adults and close social relationships influence health-related behavior, this study focuses on middle-aged and older couples.
Methods
The present pilot randomized intervention study aims at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a 21-day mindfulness-based training program designed to increase interoceptive sensitivity. A total of N = 60 couples participating in the NutriAct Family Study, aged 50–80 years, will be recruited. This randomized-controlled intervention study comprises three measurement points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 4-week follow-up) and a 21-day training that consists of daily mindfulness-based guided audio exercises (e.g., body scan). A three-arm intervention study design is applied to compare two intervention groups (training together as a couple vs. training alone) with a control group (no training). Each measurement point includes the assessment of self-reported and objective indicators of interoceptive sensitivity (primary outcome), self-reported indicators of intuitive and maladaptive eating (secondary outcomes), and additional variables. A training evaluation applying focus group discussions will be conducted to assess participants’ overall acceptance of the training and its feasibility.
Discussion
By investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program to increase interoceptive sensitivity, the present study will contribute to a deeper understanding of how to promote healthy eating in older age.
How do different reset protocols affect ergodicity of a diffusion process in single-particle-tracking experiments? We here address the problem of resetting of an arbitrary stochastic anomalous-diffusion process (ADP) from the general mathematical points of view and assess ergodicity of such reset ADPs for an arbitrary resetting protocol. The process of stochastic resetting describes the events of the instantaneous restart of a particle’s motion via randomly distributed returns to a preset initial position (or a set of those). The waiting times of such resetting events obey the Poissonian, Gamma, or more generic distributions with specified conditions regarding the existence of moments. Within these general approaches, we derive general analytical results and support them by computer simulations for the behavior of the reset mean-squared displacement (MSD), the new reset increment-MSD (iMSD), and the mean reset time-averaged MSD (TAMSD). For parental nonreset ADPs with the MSD(t)∝ tμ we find a generic behavior and a switch of the short-time growth of the reset iMSD and mean reset TAMSDs from ∝ _μ for subdiffusive to ∝ _1 for superdiffusive reset ADPs. The critical condition for a reset ADP that recovers its ergodicity is found to be more general than that for the nonequilibrium stationary state, where obviously the iMSD and the mean TAMSD are equal. The consideration of the new statistical quantifier, the iMSD—as compared to the standard MSD—restores the ergodicity of an arbitrary reset ADP in all situations when the μth moment of the waiting-time distribution of resetting events is finite. Potential applications of these new resetting results are, inter alia, in the area of biophysical and soft-matter systems.
Cyberhate represents a risk to adolescents’ development and peaceful coexistence in democratic societies. Yet, not much is known about the relationship between adolescents’ ability to cope with cyberhate and their cyberhate involvement. To fill current gaps in the literature and inform the development of media education programs, the present study investigated various coping strategies in a hypothetical cyberhate scenario as correlates for being cyberhate victims, perpetrators, and both victim–perpetrators. The sample consisted of 6829 adolescents aged 12–18 years old (Mage = 14.93, SD = 1.64; girls: 50.4%, boys: 48.9%, and 0.7% did not indicate their gender) from Asia, Europe, and North America. Results showed that adolescents who endorsed distal advice or endorsed technical coping showed a lower likelihood to be victims, perpetrators, or victim–perpetrators. In contrast, if adolescents felt helpless or endorsed retaliation to cope with cyberhate, they showed higher odds of being involved in cyberhate as victims, perpetrators, or victim–perpetrators. Finally, adolescents who endorsed close support as a coping strategy showed a lower likelihood to be victim–perpetrators, and adolescents who endorsed assertive coping showed higher odds of being victims. In conclusion, the results confirm the importance of addressing adolescents’ ability to deal with cyberhate to develop more tailored prevention approaches. More specifically, such initiatives should focus on adolescents who feel helpless or feel inclined to retaliate. In addition, adolescents should be educated to practice distal advice and technical coping when experiencing cyberhate. Implications for the design and instruction of evidence-based cyberhate prevention (e.g., online educational games, virtual learning environments) will be discussed.
Quantifying the extremeness of heavy precipitation allows for the comparison of events. Conventional quantitative indices, however, typically neglect the spatial extent or the duration, while both are important to understand potential impacts. In 2014, the weather extremity index (WEI) was suggested to quantify the extremeness of an event and to identify the spatial and temporal scale at which the event was most extreme. However, the WEI does not account for the fact that one event can be extreme at various spatial and temporal scales. To better understand and detect the compound nature of precipitation events, we suggest complementing the original WEI with a “cross-scale weather extremity index” (xWEI), which integrates extremeness over relevant scales instead of determining its maximum.
Based on a set of 101 extreme precipitation events in Germany, we outline and demonstrate the computation of both WEI and xWEI. We find that the choice of the index can lead to considerable differences in the assessment of past events but that the most extreme events are ranked consistently, independently of the index. Even then, the xWEI can reveal cross-scale properties which would otherwise remain hidden. This also applies to the disastrous event from July 2021, which clearly outranks all other analyzed events with regard to both WEI and xWEI.
While demonstrating the added value of xWEI, we also identify various methodological challenges along the required computational workflow: these include the parameter estimation for the extreme value distributions, the definition of maximum spatial extent and temporal duration, and the weighting of extremeness at different scales. These challenges, however, also represent opportunities to adjust the retrieval of WEI and xWEI to specific user requirements and application scenarios.
Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology.
Thousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier-related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field-based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature-driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid-20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming.
Teaching and learning as well as administrative processes are still experiencing intensive changes with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and its diverse application opportunities in the context of higher education. Therewith, the scientific interest in the topic in general, but also specific focal points rose as well. However, there is no structured overview on AI in teaching and administration processes in higher education institutions that allows to identify major research topics and trends, and concretizing peculiarities and develops recommendations for further action. To overcome this gap, this study seeks to systematize the current scientific discourse on AI in teaching and administration in higher education institutions. This study identified an (1) imbalance in research on AI in educational and administrative contexts, (2) an imbalance in disciplines and lack of interdisciplinary research, (3) inequalities in cross-national research activities, as well as (4) neglected research topics and paths. In this way, a comparative analysis between AI usage in administration and teaching and learning processes, a systematization of the state of research, an identification of research gaps as well as further research path on AI in higher education institutions are contributed to research.