Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (1422) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2013 (1422) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1035)
- Doctoral Thesis (174)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (87)
- Review (48)
- Conference Proceeding (34)
- Preprint (27)
- Other (12)
- Part of a Book (4)
- Moving Images (1)
Keywords
- Climate change (6)
- Eye movements (6)
- gamma rays: galaxies (6)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (5)
- Reading (5)
- climate change (5)
- galaxies: active (5)
- Children (4)
- Development (4)
- Land use change (4)
- X-rays: stars (4)
- children (4)
- gamma rays: general (4)
- quasars: absorption lines (4)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (4)
- stars: early-type (4)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (3)
- Dyson-Schwinger equations (3)
- Galaxy: halo (3)
- Individual-based model (3)
- Iran (3)
- Magellanic Clouds (3)
- Nitrogen (3)
- Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (3)
- Seismicity and tectonics (3)
- Spain (3)
- Stress (3)
- Working memory (3)
- X-rays: binaries (3)
- acceleration of particles (3)
- cosmic rays (3)
- equi-singular connections (3)
- exhumation (3)
- intergalactic medium (3)
- migration (3)
- modeling (3)
- population dynamics (3)
- stars: Wolf-Rayet (3)
- stars: winds, outflows (3)
- tracking (3)
- Active tectonics (2)
- Adolescence (2)
- Alborz Mountains (2)
- Aldehyde oxidoreductase (2)
- Apis mellifera (2)
- Asian monsoon (2)
- Attention (2)
- Berlin (2)
- Biodiversity Exploratories (2)
- Bioelectrocatalysis (2)
- Biosensor (2)
- Black Sea (2)
- Calcium (2)
- Capacitive sensor (2)
- Common vole (2)
- Cost-effectiveness (2)
- Crystal structure (2)
- DFT calculations (2)
- Daphnia (2)
- Density functional calculations (2)
- Depression (2)
- Dictyostelium (2)
- Direct electron transfer (2)
- ERP (2)
- Earthquake source observations (2)
- Ellenberg indicator values (2)
- Eutrophication (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Eye tracking (2)
- Fertilization (2)
- Forest management (2)
- Gait (2)
- Galaxy: evolution (2)
- Geomagnetic field (2)
- Geostatistics (2)
- Germany (2)
- Holocene (2)
- Hydrogel (2)
- ICSS (2)
- ISM: abundances (2)
- ISM: structure (2)
- Indicators (2)
- Interspecific interactions (2)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (2)
- Land-use intensity (2)
- Linear mixed model (2)
- Mass spectrometry (2)
- Mental number line (2)
- Microsatellites (2)
- Modality (2)
- Molybdenum cofactor (2)
- Mountain basins (2)
- Neuroenhancement (2)
- Northeast German Basin (2)
- Nyctereutes procyonoides (2)
- Pamir (2)
- Phosphorus (2)
- Picard-Fuchs equations (2)
- Pinus sylvestris (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Push-pull character (2)
- REMPI (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Reading comprehension (2)
- S receiver functions (2)
- SAXS (2)
- School (2)
- Seismic attenuation (2)
- Seismotectonics (2)
- Soil hydrology (2)
- Soil moisture (2)
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate (2)
- Statistical seismology (2)
- Sun: corona (2)
- Sun: filaments, prominences (2)
- Sun: flares (2)
- TSNMRS (2)
- Tectonic geomorphology (2)
- Theory (2)
- Thermal field (2)
- Thermochronology (2)
- Transcription (2)
- Visual attention (2)
- Visual world paradigm (2)
- Vulpes vulpes (2)
- accountability (2)
- adolescents (2)
- agitation (2)
- antioxidants (2)
- azobenzene (2)
- bacterial O-antigen (2)
- bioenergetics (2)
- cAMP (2)
- carbohydrate interaction (2)
- charge transport (2)
- circumstellar matter (2)
- depression (2)
- eclogite (2)
- ecosystem services (2)
- electron transfer (2)
- embodied cognition (2)
- erosion (2)
- eye movements (2)
- fixation durations (2)
- fluorescent probes (2)
- food preference (2)
- gamma rays: stars (2)
- gene expression (2)
- gene flow (2)
- generalizability (2)
- growth (2)
- imaging (2)
- immigration (2)
- individual-based model (2)
- infrared: diffuse background (2)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (2)
- late bilinguals (2)
- learning (2)
- longitudinal study (2)
- media violence (2)
- metabolism (2)
- methods: numerical (2)
- microfluidics (2)
- microsatellites (2)
- mirror illusion (2)
- mirror therapy (2)
- mitochondrial DNA (2)
- monsoon (2)
- morphology (2)
- nitrogen (2)
- nursing home (2)
- organic matter (2)
- oxidative stress (2)
- palladium (2)
- phosphorus (2)
- political equality (2)
- potassium (2)
- precuneus (2)
- predictive coding (2)
- prosody (2)
- publication bias (2)
- regime shift (2)
- resampling (2)
- review (2)
- second language (2)
- senescence (2)
- sentence reading (2)
- shape-memory polymers (2)
- stable isotopes (2)
- stars: magnetic field (2)
- stars: mass-loss (2)
- stars: massive (2)
- stars: pre-main sequence (2)
- stimuli-sensitive polymers (2)
- structural thermodynamics (2)
- tailspike protein (2)
- thermal modeling (2)
- thermochronology (2)
- total electron content (2)
- transcription factor (2)
- trophic status (2)
- "Little Ice Age' (LIA) (1)
- "Medieval Warm Period' (MWP) (1)
- (2+1)-dimensional gravity (1)
- (Anti)aromaticity (1)
- (CS)-C-137 and Pb-210 dating (1)
- (Ex-ante) impact assessment (1)
- (Semi-natural) Grasslands (1)
- -Acetoxy esters (1)
- 1,2,4-Dithiazole (1)
- 1,2-Disulfonamides (1)
- 1,2-Dithiole (1)
- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1)
- 10-Methoxy-10,7 '-(chrysophanol anthrone)-chrysophanol (1)
- 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (1)
- 13-to 15-month-old infants (1)
- 16S rDNA (1)
- 19th century philology (1)
- 2-Alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidine (1)
- 2P cross section (1)
- 2k1c renovascular hypertension (1)
- 3 '-end processing (1)
- 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline (1)
- 3-D numerical simulations (1)
- 3-Hydroxyisoflavanone (1)
- 3D mesh generator (1)
- 3D thermal modelling (1)
- 4-Nitrophenol (1)
- 4-Oxothiazolidine (1)
- 5-HTTLPR (1)
- AAT (1)
- ACTH (1)
- ARA (1)
- ARPES (1)
- Ab-initio calculations (1)
- Abdominal pain (1)
- Academic achievement (1)
- Acid mining lakes (1)
- Acidification (1)
- Actin bundles (1)
- Action prediction (1)
- Activation parameters (1)
- Active evaluation (1)
- Acute coronary syndrome (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adsorbent (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Advection (1)
- Aegean Sea (1)
- Aeridinae (1)
- African Humid Period (1)
- Age at First Drink (1)
- Age of Revolutions (1)
- Agent-based model (1)
- Aging (1)
- Agri-environmental schemes (1)
- Agricultural field (1)
- Agricultural soils (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Air conditioners (1)
- Air showers (1)
- Alan Kennedy (1)
- Alaska (1)
- Alcohol Use (1)
- Alectrurus risora (1)
- Algeria (1)
- Alkalization (1)
- Allogamy (1)
- Allometry (1)
- Allozymes (1)
- Allylamides (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Alzheimer disease (1)
- Aminonaphthol (1)
- Amphibole geothermobarometry (1)
- Amphiphiles (1)
- Amyloid fibril (1)
- Amyloidogenesis (1)
- Anatolia (1)
- Animacy (1)
- Animal migration (1)
- Animal personalities (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Anisotropic effect (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Anostraca (1)
- Answer Set Programming (1)
- Answer set programming (1)
- Anther retention (1)
- Anthraquinone (1)
- Anti-biotin antibody (1)
- Antifreeze protein (1)
- Antimony doped tin dioxide (1)
- Antioxidant genes (1)
- Antioxidant response (1)
- Antiplasmodial activity (1)
- Antisemitism (1)
- Antisemitismus (1)
- Antizionist Campaign (1)
- Antizionistische Kampagne (1)
- Appalachian Mountains (1)
- Approximate Bayesian Computation (1)
- Aptian (1)
- Ar-40-Ar-39 geochronology (1)
- Arabian plate (1)
- Argon-Argon dating (1)
- Aromatic aldehydes (1)
- Aromaticity (1)
- Artifact (1)
- Ascocentrum (1)
- Asia (1)
- Aspect (1)
- Asphodelaceae (1)
- Aspirin (1)
- Asset estimation (1)
- Asteraceae (1)
- Asthenospheric flow (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- Atlantic History (1)
- Atropisomerism (1)
- Attention: Selective (1)
- Au nano-particle (1)
- Auditors (1)
- Auditory pitch (1)
- Autocorrelation (1)
- Availability (1)
- Avoidance (1)
- BDNF (1)
- BEEBOOK (1)
- BFN1 (1)
- BGP propagation (1)
- BGP update correlation (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 1959+650=VER J1959+651) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (B2 1215+30, VER J1217+301) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (VER J0521+211) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1312-423 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 0301-243 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 0447-439 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: SHBL J001355.9-185406 (1)
- BPSD (1)
- BTZ black hole (1)
- Backarc extension (1)
- Badlands (1)
- Baladeh earthquake (1)
- Barrier to ring inversion (1)
- Basement-cored ranges (1)
- Basement-involved thrusts (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- BeeScan (1)
- Behavioural adaptations (1)
- Behavioural type (1)
- Benchmarking (1)
- Benzaldehyde (1)
- Benzene (1)
- Beta diversity (1)
- Bio-electrochemical sensing (1)
- Biocatalysis (1)
- Biodegradation (1)
- Biodiversity Exploratories project (1)
- Biodiversity experiments (1)
- Biodiversity exploratories (1)
- Biodiversity hotspot (1)
- Biodiversity theory (1)
- Bioinspired (1)
- Biological conservation (1)
- Biomass nutrient concentrations (1)
- Biomimetics (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Biostratigraphy (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotic interactions (1)
- Bioturbation (1)
- Birkhoff theorem (1)
- Bis-MGD (1)
- Bistability (1)
- Black South African English (1)
- Blowfly (1)
- Body part priming (1)
- Body size (1)
- Body waves (1)
- Boldness (1)
- Boloria eunomia (1)
- Boosted regression trees (BRT) (1)
- Boosting (1)
- Boric acid (1)
- Borneo (1)
- Borrelia afzelii (1)
- Borrelia lusitaniae (1)
- Bottom-up effects (1)
- Boundary paradigm (1)
- Boundary value methods (1)
- Bray-Curtis (1)
- Brittle fault analysis (1)
- Brixen <2013> (1)
- Bruck-Reilly extension (1)
- Bucerotidae (1)
- Bulk-mediated diffusion (1)
- Burrow system (1)
- C-13 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- C-14-derived chronology (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- C?H oxidation (1)
- CFR Proteaceae (1)
- CH center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds (1)
- CLSM (1)
- CMC (1)
- CMIP-5 (1)
- CO2 emissions (1)
- COLOSS (1)
- CORM-2 (1)
- CSR-strategies (1)
- Ca2+ (1)
- Calabria (1)
- Calcium oscillations (1)
- Calcium phosphate (1)
- Calliphora (1)
- Canonical correlation analysis (1)
- Cantharophily (1)
- Car-Parrinello (1)
- Carbenes (1)
- Carbohydrate Metabolism (1)
- Carbon cycling (1)
- Carbon sequestration (1)
- Carbon-isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Carbonate and mudrock facies (1)
- Carbonate platform (1)
- Carboxyfluorescein (1)
- Carboxyrhodamine (1)
- Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (1)
- Cardiovascular disease (1)
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (1)
- Caribbean (1)
- Caspian Sea (1)
- Catalase (1)
- Catalytically active molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Category identification (1)
- Cation exchange Capacity (1)
- Cell culture (1)
- Cell migration (1)
- Cell structures (1)
- Cell-free protein expression (1)
- Cell-free protein synthesis (1)
- Central Anatolia (1)
- Central Anatolian Plateau (1)
- Central Iranian micro-continent (CIM) (1)
- Central Pontides (1)
- Centrosome (1)
- Cephalodella acidophila (1)
- Ceramidase inhibitors (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Cerro Machin Volcano (1)
- Chance performance (1)
- Chao (1)
- Charles Baissac (1)
- Chelation effect (1)
- Chemical reaction network theory (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Cherenkov Telescopes (1)
- Child's emotional eating (1)
- Chinese (1)
- Chinese Loess Plateau (1)
- Chiral auxiliaries (1)
- Chironomids (1)
- Chitolectin (1)
- Chitooligosaccharides (1)
- Chlorella vulgaris (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Chondrocytes (1)
- Chromatin pairing (1)
- Chronic Renal Failure (1)
- Chronic Renal Failure in Children (1)
- Chronic abdominal pain (1)
- Cignana (1)
- Clean Development Mechanism (1)
- Cleft (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate modelling (1)
- Clinical study (1)
- Cluster computing (1)
- Coastal zone (1)
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (1)
- Cognitive-behavioral treatment (1)
- Cognitive/motor interference (1)
- Cohesive ends (1)
- Collective violence (1)
- Colombian Andes (1)
- Combin (1)
- Combine (1)
- Community-level Allee effects (1)
- Competition (1)
- Competitive sport (1)
- Composition effects (1)
- Compounding (1)
- Computational modeling (1)
- Computational seismology (1)
- Computer Modeling (1)
- ConCap (1)
- Conceptions of social orders (1)
- Concerted evolution (1)
- Conduction (1)
- Conductive thermal field (1)
- Conflicts of social orders (1)
- Confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- Conformational analysis (1)
- Conformational equilibrium (1)
- Congo Air Boundary (1)
- Coniacian (1)
- Coniferous plantations (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra (1)
- Consciousness for sustainable consumption (1)
- Conservation management (1)
- Consistency (1)
- Context-specific task features (1)
- Continuous Testing (1)
- Continuous Versioning (1)
- Continuum properties (1)
- Control region (1)
- Controlling factors (1)
- Convection (1)
- Coping (1)
- Copper (1)
- Copper(II) complexes (1)
- Core incubation experiments (1)
- Core-hole clock (1)
- Core-shell-corona micelles (1)
- Coronary angiography (1)
- Coronary artery disease (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (1)
- Cortisol (1)
- Cortisol vertical bar metabolism (1)
- Cosmogenic Be-10 erosion rates (1)
- Cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- Coupled fluid and heat transport (1)
- Coupled fluid flow and heat transport (1)
- Creole (1)
- Cross-metathesis (1)
- Crosstalk (1)
- Cryo-SEM (1)
- Cryo-TEM (1)
- Culicivora caudacuta (1)
- Current motivation (1)
- Cyclodienes (1)
- Cyclophanes (1)
- Cytochrome P450 (1)
- Cytochrome c (1)
- Cytochrome oxidase I (1)
- DCB (1)
- DHA (1)
- DNA cleavage (1)
- DNA hybridization (1)
- DPP4 inhibition (1)
- Dalbergia melanoxylon (1)
- Dead Sea basin (1)
- Deal of the Day (1)
- Debugging (1)
- Decision-making (1)
- Decoupling (1)
- Deep-marine sedimentology (1)
- Deep-sea records (1)
- Dehydro[n]annulenes (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Democracy (1)
- Dendrochronology (1)
- Denmark (1)
- Dependent light scattering (1)
- Desiccation tolerance (1)
- Design (1)
- Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc) (1)
- Detrital layers (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Developing countries (1)
- Developmental morphology (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Diaminomaleonitrile (1)
- Dianellin (1)
- Diastereoselectivity (1)
- Diceros bicornis var. minor (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (1)
- Dielectric polymer (1)
- Differential Code Biases (DCB) (1)
- Diffusion processes (1)
- Dimensionality reduction (1)
- Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (1)
- Direct electrochemistry (1)
- Direct method (1)
- Discontinuous Robin condition (1)
- Discourse processing (1)
- Discrimination (1)
- Disengagement (1)
- Distributed processing (1)
- Distribution patterns (1)
- Disturbance (1)
- Dithiolene (1)
- Docking (1)
- Dolomitization (1)
- Doping (1)
- Double exponential model (1)
- Drainage network (1)
- Drop morphology (1)
- Drought stress (1)
- Drought-stress (1)
- Drylands (1)
- Dual task (1)
- Duality formula (1)
- Dynamic Energy Budget (1)
- Dynamic NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- E Anatolia (1)
- EEG/ERP (1)
- EMG (1)
- ENSO/IOD (1)
- EPR (1)
- EXO (1)
- Early Pleistocene (1)
- Early childhood (1)
- Early psychosocial adversity (1)
- Early warning (1)
- Earthquake (1)
- Earthquake dynamics (1)
- Earthquake interaction (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- East African Rift System (1)
- East European Craton (1)
- Eastern Alps (1)
- Eating (1)
- Ecohydrology (1)
- Ecological risk assessment (1)
- Ecological speciation (1)
- Ecological stoichiometry (1)
- Ecological synthesis (1)
- Ecosystem functions and services (1)
- Ecosystem processes (1)
- Ecosystem service value (1)
- Edough (1)
- Educational Ethnography (1)
- Educational Space (1)
- Effect model (1)
- Effective number of species (1)
- Ego-depletion (1)
- Eifel maar (1)
- Eigenvalues (1)
- Einstein space (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electrical monitoring (1)
- Electrical resistivity (1)
- Electricity generation by source (1)
- Electromyography (1)
- Electron dynamics (1)
- Electron spectroscopy (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Electrostatic effects (1)
- Electrostatic screening (1)
- Electrostatics (1)
- Embodied perception (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Employment (1)
- Endothelialization (1)
- Energy security (1)
- Energy-dispersive Laue diffraction (1)
- Engagement (1)
- English as a Second Language (ESL) (1)
- English as a seond language (1)
- Eocene-Oligocene transition (1)
- Epistemology (1)
- Epithelial ion transport (1)
- Equilibrium constants (1)
- Error reporting (1)
- Error-management climate (1)
- Euanthe (1)
- Euro Crisis (1)
- European Union (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Event-based modeling (1)
- Event-related potentials (1)
- Exact solution (1)
- Excavation plan (1)
- Experimentation (1)
- Explore-first Programming (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Exudates (1)
- Eye movement (1)
- Eye movements in reading (1)
- Eye movements while reading (1)
- Eyemind assumption (1)
- FGF23 (1)
- FITC-dextran release (1)
- FMN (1)
- Facies modeling (1)
- Facilitation (1)
- Factor-Xa (1)
- Faecal corticosterone metabolites (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- Fall risk assessment (1)
- Family adversity (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Fault Localization (1)
- Fault core and damage zone (1)
- Fault rupture dynamics (1)
- Fault zone (1)
- Fault-controlled (1)
- Faults (1)
- FeS cluster (1)
- Feeding practices (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Field flow fractionation (1)
- Field-effect (1)
- Filtration (1)
- Finite difference method (1)
- Finite elements (1)
- Fitness components (1)
- Fixational selectivity (1)
- Flexible membrane (1)
- Flood damage potential (1)
- Flood frequency (1)
- Flood risk (1)
- Floral scent (1)
- Flume channel (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorescence imaging (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime (1)
- Fluvial Incision (1)
- Fluvial longitudinal profile (1)
- Flux coupling analysis (1)
- Focus particles (1)
- Fodder quality (1)
- Folsomia candida (1)
- Foraging behavior (1)
- Foraging movement (1)
- Foraminifera (1)
- Forced drop-out (1)
- Forecasting (1)
- Forest continuity (1)
- Formation constant (1)
- Formin (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) (1)
- Fourth order Sturm-Liouville problem (1)
- Fractal landscapes (1)
- Fracture and flow (1)
- Fractured carbonate geothermal reservoirs (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fraser Complex (1)
- Free electron laser (1)
- Fruit set (1)
- Fukushima Prefecture (1)
- Full rank matrix filters (1)
- Functional connectivity (1)
- Functional groups (1)
- Functional traits (1)
- Futaba fault (1)
- Future (1)
- G3BP (1)
- GEOTRACES compliant (1)
- GIS (1)
- GPS (1)
- GPS and GLONASS (1)
- Gait biomechanics (1)
- Galaxy: centre (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Geld <Motiv> (1)
- Gender differences (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene structure (1)
- Gene-environment interaction (1)
- Genetic vectors (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geoffrey Hill (1)
- Geomagnetic storm (1)
- Geomechanics (1)
- Geomorphic coupling (1)
- Gerald Gaus (1)
- German morphology (1)
- Germination (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Glacial relict species (1)
- Glaucophane schist (1)
- Global History (1)
- Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) (1)
- Global change (1)
- Glucanotransferase (1)
- Glueckstadtgraben (1)
- Goal-directed movements (1)
- Gold cluster (1)
- Gondwana break-up (1)
- Grain size (1)
- Graph theory (1)
- Grasp affordances (1)
- Grassland management (1)
- Grasslands (1)
- Green computing (1)
- Greenland (1)
- Grounded theory (1)
- Growth rates (1)
- Groß beta Schönebeck (1)
- H II regions (1)
- H-1 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- HMM (1)
- HP and UHP metamorphism (1)
- HPA axis (1)
- HSD11B2[CA]n polymorphism (1)
- Haberlea rhodopensis (1)
- Habitat choice (1)
- Habitat filtering (1)
- Habitat use (1)
- Haiti (1)
- Hausa (1)
- Heart (1)
- Heating and cooling electricity consumption (1)
- Heck reaction (1)
- Hemodialysis (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- HiT selection (1)
- High affinity binding (1)
- High transmission micro focus beamline (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Himalayas (1)
- Historic land use (1)
- Historical events (1)
- History of linguistics (1)
- Homology (1)
- Hopf algebra of Feynman diagrams (1)
- Housekeeping genes (1)
- Human (1)
- Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP) (1)
- Human Factors (1)
- Human face (1)
- Humboldt (1)
- Hybrid clay (1)
- Hybridoma technology (1)
- Hydrogel microspheres (1)
- Hydrogen Production (1)
- Hydrogen sulfide (1)
- Hydrothermal field (1)
- Hypertension (1)
- Hypoxidaceae (1)
- Hypoxis (1)
- Hypsometry analysis (1)
- IAT (1)
- IDS (1)
- IL-8 transcription (1)
- IP management (1)
- IP strategy (1)
- IPR (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- ISM: bubbles (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Tarantula Nebula (30 Doradus Nebula) (1)
- ISM: kinematics and dynamics (1)
- ISM: lines and bands (1)
- ISM: molecules (1)
- ISM: supernova remnants (1)
- Ice binding protein (1)
- Ice structuring protein (1)
- Image and video stylization (1)
- Imiquimod (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- In situ stress field (1)
- In vitro protein synthesis (1)
- In vitro translation (1)
- Inclined faults (1)
- Incomplete inventories (1)
- Indium tin oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Individual differences (1)
- Induced seismicity (1)
- Infant (1)
- Infant action processing (1)
- Infants (age: 7 months) (1)
- Infarct size (1)
- Infinite divisibility (1)
- Influenza virus detection (1)
- Information federation (1)
- Information retrieval (1)
- Information security (1)
- Inner Mongolia (1)
- Insect (1)
- Integration (1)
- Integration by parts formula (1)
- Interaction of radiation with matter (1)
- Interdisciplinarity (1)
- Interdomain routing (1)
- Internal simulation (1)
- Internal transcribed spacer (1)
- Internal waves (1)
- Interphase behavior (1)
- Invasive species (1)
- Inverse ill-posed problem (1)
- Inverse theory (1)
- Inversion for moment tensors (1)
- Ionic Liquid (1)
- Ionic strength (1)
- Ionogel (1)
- Ionospheric monitoring and modeling (1)
- Isometry group (1)
- Israel (1)
- Jaccard (1)
- Janus emulsions (1)
- Jena experiment (1)
- Job-anxiety (1)
- Jump height (1)
- Jumping height (1)
- Jurassic (1)
- Justice (1)
- K-ir-like (1)
- Kamchatka (1)
- Kaolinite (1)
- Kenusanone F 7-methyl ether (1)
- Kidney Transplantation (1)
- Kinesin (1)
- Kinetics (1)
- Klein, Eckart (1)
- Klotho (1)
- Knickzones (1)
- Kniphofia foliosa (1)
- Knipholone cyclooxanthrone (1)
- Kongress (1)
- Kultur (1)
- LCST behavior (1)
- Labeled membrane proteins (1)
- Labor demand (1)
- Lake Chiuta (1)
- Lake Malombe (1)
- Lake level (1)
- Lake-area (1)
- Lamellar liquid crystals (1)
- Laminated lake sediments (1)
- Land use type (1)
- Land-use modeling (1)
- Landmark visibility (1)
- Landscape metrics (1)
- Landslide (1)
- Language (1)
- Larger Foraminifera (1)
- Laser ionization (1)
- Laser-SNMS (1)
- Late Cretaceous (1)
- Late Holocene (1)
- Late positive potential (1)
- Leaf Cell (1)
- Legitimization (1)
- LemnaTec (1)
- Leveling data (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Levy processes (1)
- Lidar remote sensing (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Life history (1)
- Limiting similarity (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Linguistique d´intervention (1)
- Lipschitz domain (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Lithosphere (1)
- Lithosphereasthenosphere boundary (1)
- Livestock type (1)
- Load (1)
- Local Group (1)
- Locomotion costs (1)
- Lonar Lake (1)
- Long-range bridging (1)
- Longitudinal study (1)
- Lower crust (1)
- Loyalty (1)
- Luminescence dating (1)
- Luxury tourism (1)
- Lyme disease (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MTBE (1)
- Macrobrachium rosenbergii (1)
- Macrocycles (1)
- Macrolepidoptera (1)
- Maestrat Basin (1)
- Magma mixing (1)
- Magnetosphere (1)
- Magnitude comparison (1)
- Makran (1)
- MalF (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Malliavin calculus (1)
- Maltose Metabolism (1)
- Maltreatment (1)
- Mandarin Chinese (1)
- Mantle rheology (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Marine terraces (1)
- Marmara Sea (1)
- Mass action system (1)
- Maternal weight (1)
- Matsuda-Heck reaction (1)
- Mauritius (1)
- Maximal isometric force (1)
- Mboost (1)
- Mean July temperature (1)
- Mediterranean Sea (1)
- Melatonin receptor type 2 (1)
- Mental disorders (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Mercaptoundecanoic acid (1)
- Merger (1)
- Merton, Robert K. (1)
- Mesh convergence (1)
- Mesh size (1)
- Metabolic Regulation (1)
- Metabolic network (1)
- Metabolome analysis (1)
- Metacognitive strategy knowledge (1)
- Metamorphic core complex (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Microbial activities (1)
- Microbial mounds (1)
- Microemulsion (1)
- Microfacies (1)
- Microperoxidases (1)
- Microphysical particle properties (1)
- Microtubule (1)
- Microtus arvalis (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mineralization (1)
- Minimizers (1)
- Mitochondrial DNA (1)
- Mitochondrial gene order (1)
- Mitochondrial recombination (1)
- Mixed duopoly (1)
- MoMo-AFB (1)
- Moco (1)
- Modal existential wh-constructions (1)
- Model complexity (1)
- Model landscape (1)
- Model structure (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modified primers (1)
- Moho depths (1)
- Moisture reconstructions (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Molecular methods (1)
- Molecular rods (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymer film (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Molybdoenzymes (1)
- Molybdopterin (1)
- Moment tensor inversion (1)
- Mongolia (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monitoring programmes (1)
- Monoclonal antibody (1)
- Monosynaptic reflexes (1)
- Monsoon (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Morisita (1)
- Morisita-Horn (1)
- Moroccans (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Morphological processing (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Morphometrics (1)
- Morphotectonics (1)
- Mother-infant interaction (1)
- Motor resonance account (1)
- Movement (1)
- Mudrock analyses (1)
- Multi-angular model-based decomposition (1)
- Multi-cofactor enzymes (1)
- Multichannel wavelets (1)
- Multicompartment micelles (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multiple light scattering (1)
- Multiscale analysis (1)
- Murella (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Mutual Information (1)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1)
- Myocardial ischemia (1)
- N-acetyl cysteine (1)
- N-omega-hydroxy-L-arginine (1)
- NBO and STERIC analyses (1)
- NESS (1)
- NF-?B (1)
- NHR2 (1)
- NIRS (1)
- Naive single chain library (1)
- Naming (1)
- Naturally rare species (1)
- Nc (1)
- Neofinetia (1)
- Neotethys Ocean (1)
- Nest predation (1)
- Nested and overlapping genes (1)
- NetLogo (1)
- Network structure (1)
- Neural networks, fuzzy logic (1)
- Neuroleptics (1)
- Nicotinamide (1)
- Nitric oxide synthase (1)
- Nitrogen cycling (1)
- Non-coercive problem (1)
- Non-stationarity (1)
- Norfolk Island (1)
- North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) (1)
- North Iran (1)
- North Pacific Ocean (1)
- North-eastern Morocco (1)
- Northeastern China (1)
- Norway (1)
- Null models (1)
- Numerical cognition (1)
- Numerov's method (1)
- Nutrient availability (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- OGB-1 (1)
- ORE1 (1)
- OTDR (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Object categorization (1)
- Obligatory control (1)
- Oligosaccharide (1)
- Online sentence processing (1)
- Ooid shoals (1)
- OpenGeosys (1)
- Ophrys (1)
- Optical sensors (1)
- Optical tomography (1)
- Orchestia montagui (1)
- Organic farming (1)
- Organizational climate (1)
- Orienting (1)
- Orogenic Plateaus (1)
- Orogenic wedges (1)
- Orthoptera (1)
- Oryza sativa (1)
- Ostensive communication (1)
- Outcrossing (1)
- Overland flow generation (1)
- Oxidation (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxytricha (1)
- P-T path (1)
- PAs (1)
- PCA (1)
- PLFA (1)
- POL (1)
- PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (1)
- PRO (1)
- PTH (1)
- Pace-of-life (1)
- Palaeo-seismicity (1)
- Palaeoclimate (1)
- Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction (1)
- Palaeofloods (1)
- Palaeolimnology (1)
- Palaeomagnetism (1)
- Palaeotethys (1)
- Paleoenvironment (1)
- Palladium (1)
- Palynostratigraphy (1)
- Parafoveal processing (1)
- Parafoveal-on-foveal effects (1)
- Paratethys (1)
- Parsing (1)
- Parsing difficulty (1)
- Particle sizing (1)
- Past tense (1)
- Pattern-oriented modeling (1)
- Pattern-oriented modelling (1)
- Pauridia (1)
- Pb ages (1)
- Pd catalysis (1)
- Pedestrian navigation (1)
- Perceptual span (1)
- Percus-Yevick model (1)
- Peridotites (1)
- Peronosporaceae (1)
- Personalised medicine (1)
- Personality traits (1)
- Perylene (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Phase angle (1)
- Phase transitions (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Philippine archipelago (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (1)
- Phototaxis (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physical performance (1)
- Physiological mode of action (1)
- Pinus pinaster (1)
- Placenta (1)
- Plane grating emission spectrometer (1)
- Plant Biochemistry (1)
- Plant conservation (1)
- Plant functional traits (1)
- Plant height (1)
- Plant species richness (1)
- Plant-animal interactions (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Plateau margins (1)
- Platelets (1)
- Poecilia mexicana (1)
- Point-light action (1)
- Polar effect (1)
- Polish Jews (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Polnische Juden (1)
- Polyampholytes (1)
- Polyculture (1)
- Polyelectrolyte multilayer (1)
- Polyelectrolytes (1)
- Polymer capped gold nanoparticles (1)
- Polymer dispersions (1)
- Polymerase chain reaction (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Population (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Population structure (1)
- Population viability analysis (1)
- Porewater profiles (1)
- Post-transcriptional modification (1)
- Postural balance (1)
- Postural stability (1)
- Power training (1)
- Pragmatic principles (1)
- Pre-mRNA splicing (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Precise Point Positioning (1)
- Precise Point Positioning (PPP) (1)
- Precursor (1)
- Predictive vegetation mapping (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Preschoolers (1)
- Preview effects (1)
- Price competition (1)
- Priming (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Prior knowledge (1)
- Proactive/reactive balance (1)
- Probability distributions (1)
- Probe instruments (1)
- Production (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Prospective Longitudinal Study (1)
- Protein delivery (1)
- Proton transfer reaction (1)
- Prototyping (1)
- Proximal soil sensing (1)
- Pseudotachylyte (1)
- Psoriasis (1)
- Psychosocial functioning (1)
- Puberty (1)
- Push-pull allenes (1)
- Pyrene (1)
- Pyrenees (1)
- Quadrature mirror filters (1)
- Quercus ilex (1)
- Quercus pubescens (1)
- Quotient method (1)
- RAFT (1)
- RFID (1)
- RNAPII (1)
- RSCM thermometry (1)
- Rainfall simulation (1)
- Raman microspectroscopy (1)
- Random Forests (1)
- Random measures (1)
- Ranking (1)
- Rapid automatized naming (1)
- Rational action understanding (1)
- Rational imitation tasks (1)
- Rats (1)
- Raw observation (1)
- Rayleigh test (1)
- Reading fluency (1)
- Reading motivation (1)
- Reading strategies (1)
- Reading strategy (1)
- Real time (1)
- Reanalysis (1)
- Rearrangement to trithiaazapentalene (1)
- Reasoning ability (1)
- Receiver functions (1)
- Recently rare species (1)
- Recht (1)
- Reciprocal teaching (1)
- Recognition memory (1)
- Recombinant Escherichia coli (1)
- Reconstruction (1)
- Red Sea (1)
- Redox conditions (1)
- Reflex reproducibility (1)
- Reform of School Structure (1)
- Regularization (1)
- Relational sociology (1)
- Relativisme linguistique (1)
- Release studies (1)
- Renal sympathetic denervation (1)
- Repeatability (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Resistant hypertension (1)
- Response inhibition (1)
- Resting eggs (1)
- Restriction enzymes (1)
- Resurrection plants (1)
- Retention (1)
- Rhaphidophoridae (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhodium (1)
- Ribosome (1)
- Rice cum prawn culture (1)
- River basin (1)
- River bed sediment (1)
- Rocky deserts (1)
- Root function (1)
- Roots (1)
- SCID mice (1)
- SHRIMP U-Pb dating (1)
- SIRT6 (1)
- SLA (1)
- SMARC (1)
- SME (1)
- SNARC (1)
- SSU rDNA (1)
- SWIM (1)
- Sabzevar (1)
- Salivary gland (1)
- Sandy soil (1)
- Saniella (1)
- Satellite gravity data (1)
- Saturated hydraulic conductivity (1)
- Scale development (1)
- Scanpaths (1)
- Scenario study (1)
- Scene perception (1)
- Schleswig-Holstein (1)
- School Choice (1)
- Schulzensee (1)
- Scintigraphy (1)
- Scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin) (1)
- Sea of Azov (1)
- Sea-level changes (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sediment cascades (1)
- Sediment connectivity (1)
- Sediment-water interface (1)
- Seed mass (1)
- Seed number (1)
- Seismic monitoring and test-ban treaty verification (1)
- Seismic tomography (1)
- Selection method (1)
- Selection of antibody producing cells (1)
- Selection vs. age-class forests (1)
- Self-assessment (1)
- Self-control (1)
- Self-discovered errors (1)
- Self-interacting scalar field (1)
- Self-regulated learning (1)
- Semantic web (1)
- Senecio roseiflorus (1)
- Seniors (1)
- Sensing skin (1)
- Sentence comprehension (1)
- Sentence comprehension in aphasia (1)
- Sentence processing (1)
- Sequence stratigraphy (1)
- Sequential extraction (1)
- Serial and parallel (1)
- Serial recall (1)
- Service orientation (1)
- Shaker (1)
- Shallow-water carbonates (1)
- Shanderman (1)
- Shannon diversity (1)
- Shape detection (1)
- Shape recognition (1)
- Shear wave splitting (1)
- Shrews (1)
- Sierras Pampeanas (1)
- Signalling (1)
- Silacyclohexanes (1)
- Silaheterocyclohexanes (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silviculture (1)
- Similarity transformation (1)
- Singing voice (1)
- Single chain antibody (1)
- Single/dual tasking (1)
- Sirtuins (1)
- Site ecology (1)
- Site effects (1)
- Slab retreat (1)
- Slum tourism (1)
- Small mammals (1)
- Smooth muscle cells (1)
- Social Segregation (1)
- Social cognition (1)
- Social order (1)
- Social relations (1)
- Socioeconomic scenarios (1)
- Soft X-ray monochromator (1)
- Soil ecology (1)
- Soil organic carbon stocks (1)
- Soil organic matter (1)
- Soil stratification (1)
- Soil-environmental relationships (1)
- Solar physics (1)
- Solid state detectors (1)
- Solidarity (1)
- Sophoronol-7-methyl ether (1)
- Sori Granodiorite (1)
- SoriZ93 (1)
- South African English (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Soziologie (1)
- Soziologische Theorie (1)
- Space use (1)
- Spatial bias (1)
- Spatial coding (1)
- Spatial patterns (1)
- Spatial policy (1)
- Spatio-temporal variability (1)
- Species distribution modelling (1)
- Species distribution models (1)
- Species endangerment (1)
- Species frequency (1)
- Species richness (1)
- Species traits (1)
- Specific leaf area (SLA) (1)
- Spectral exponent (1)
- Speed (1)
- Sphagnum magellanicum (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Sphingosine kinase-1 (1)
- Spiloxene (1)
- Spore formation (1)
- Squashes pulp (1)
- Sr-isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Staatsrecht (1)
- Stable oxygen isotopes (1)
- Stakeholder participation (1)
- Standing biomass (1)
- Starch Degradation (1)
- Steady-state balance (1)
- Steppe (1)
- Steric effect (1)
- Steric effects (1)
- Steric substituent constant (1)
- Stochastic optimization (1)
- Strain gages (1)
- Strain gauge (1)
- Strain localisation (1)
- Strain monitoring (1)
- Stream length gradient (1)
- Strength training (1)
- Stress granules (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Stress signaling (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Stretchable sensor (1)
- Strike-slip faults (1)
- Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (1)
- Strontium isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Strontium-isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Structural equation modeling (1)
- Structural geology (1)
- Structural health monitoring (1)
- Structural parallelisms (1)
- Structure-activity-relationship (1)
- Strukturfunktionalismus (1)
- Sturm-Liouville problem (1)
- Sub-lethal effects (1)
- Subduction zone (1)
- Submarine channel (1)
- Substrate effect (1)
- Suguta Valley (1)
- Sulfite oxidase (1)
- Sulfonated polyaniline (1)
- Sulfoxide (1)
- Sumatra (1)
- Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (1)
- Sun: magnetic fields (1)
- Sun: oscillations (1)
- Sun: surface magnetism (1)
- Supralittoral talitrids (1)
- Surface Exposure Age (1)
- Surface complexes (1)
- Surface exudates (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface preparation (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface waves and free oscillations (1)
- Surprisal (1)
- Susan Howe (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainable aquaculture (1)
- Sustainable consumption (1)
- Sustainable development (1)
- Sustainable management of Mediterranean grazing land (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Swelling behavior (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Syntax-semantics interface (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Synthetic glycoprotein (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- TAT selection (1)
- TCSPC (1)
- TEM01 mode (1)
- TOC (1)
- TPK (1)
- Taft equation (1)
- Talitrids (1)
- Taxonomic position (1)
- TeV gamma-ray astronomy (1)
- Tea (1)
- Tectonic Geomorphology (1)
- Tectonics (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Temporal variability (1)
- Tendurek volcano (1)
- Tenseless languages (1)
- Tephrostratigraphy (1)
- Terraces (1)
- Test anxiety (1)
- Tetrahydrobiopterin (1)
- Thellungiella halophila (1)
- Theoretical calculations (1)
- Theriak/Domino (1)
- Thermal electricity production (1)
- Thermo-responsive (1)
- Thermochemical properties (1)
- Thin film (1)
- Thioether ligands (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Thrombolites (1)
- Thrust fault (1)
- Tibet (1)
- Tibetan Plateau (1)
- Tibetan plateau (1)
- Tien Shan (1)
- Time course (1)
- Time of flight (1)
- Time series analysis (1)
- Time-scales hierarchy (1)
- To learners in which of the following categories does your work apply (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) (1)
- Topography (1)
- Total Electron Content (TEC) (1)
- Trace element geochemistry (1)
- Trans-European Suture Zone (1)
- Translation (1)
- Transnational History (1)
- Treadmill walking (1)
- Tree species effect (1)
- Trifluoromethanesulfonamide (1)
- Triggered seismicity (1)
- Triphilic block copolymers (1)
- Trithiapentalene (1)
- Triticum aestivum L (1)
- Tritrophic interaction (1)
- Troglophilus (1)
- Trunk muscle strength (1)
- Tuning (1)
- Tuz Golu Basin (1)
- Two-photon excitation (1)
- Typical forest species (1)
- Typology (1)
- Tyrannidae (1)
- U (1)
- UV-vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrafast (1)
- Ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrafast surface science (1)
- Unconventional reservoir potential (1)
- Underspecification (1)
- Unmanaged vs. managed forests (1)
- Unsaturated zone (1)
- Untreated agricultural wastes (1)
- Uplift Rate (1)
- Uplift rate (1)
- Upper Permian Zechstein Group Northern Germany (1)
- Urosomoida (1)
- Usability testing (1)
- User-centred design (1)
- Validation studies (1)
- Variability (1)
- Variscan (1)
- Varve counting (1)
- Varved lake sediments (1)
- Vector subdivision schemes (1)
- Vegetation change (1)
- Vegetation structure (1)
- Velocity models (1)
- Verb doubling (1)
- Verb movement (1)
- Verbal cues (1)
- Vertical flow filters (1)
- Vesicle formation (1)
- Vicariance (1)
- Visual stimulus processing (1)
- Voice disorders (1)
- Volatile (1)
- Volatilization (1)
- Voles (1)
- Vulnerability (1)
- Völkerrecht (1)
- Water demand (1)
- Water quality modelling (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- Water vapor (1)
- Wave propagation (1)
- Weighted-average partial least squares (1)
- Well productivity (1)
- Westerlies (1)
- Wh-words (1)
- Willmore functional (1)
- Wood anatomy (1)
- Word frequency (1)
- X-ray (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray emission spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray imaging (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-rays: individual (Cygnus X-3) (1)
- X-rays: individual (RX J0007.0+7303) (1)
- XRD (1)
- Xinjiang (1)
- YKL-40 (1)
- Yakutia (1)
- Young Adulthood (1)
- Young adults (1)
- Young's double-slit experiment (1)
- Yukawa model (1)
- Zechstein salt (1)
- Zermatt-Saas (1)
- a (1)
- ab initio (1)
- abiotic stress (1)
- academic achievement (1)
- academic self-concept (1)
- accountability dynamics (1)
- accountability mechanism (1)
- accumulation (1)
- acetanilides (1)
- acid lakes (1)
- action simulation (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adaptive management (1)
- additive and interactive effects (1)
- additive partitioning of biodiversity effects (1)
- administration (1)
- adolescence (1)
- adolescent (1)
- aerosols (1)
- age at first cigarette (1)
- age-depth model (1)
- aggression (1)
- aggressive cognitions (1)
- aging (1)
- alkaline lake (1)
- allelopathy (1)
- allopatry (1)
- allozymes (1)
- alveolinaceans (1)
- ammonia volatilization (1)
- anatoxin (1)
- and prediction (1)
- animal calories (1)
- animal-assisted therapy (1)
- anomalous Brownian motion (1)
- anomalous diffusion (1)
- anorthite (1)
- answer set programming (1)
- anthropogenic effect (1)
- anthropometric field studies (1)
- antibiotic paradox (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- apoplast (1)
- appetitive learning (1)
- aqueous solutions (1)
- arcuate fracture system (1)
- arenes (1)
- argumentation (1)
- argumentation schemes (1)
- artistic rendering (1)
- associative learning (1)
- associative networks (1)
- astronomy (Energetic particles) (1)
- astroparticle physics (1)
- astrophysics (1)
- asylum (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- atmospheric effects (1)
- atropisomerism (1)
- attachment (1)
- attack graph (1)
- attention (1)
- attentional control (1)
- auditory perception (1)
- automatic associations (1)
- automatic attitudes (1)
- aversive learning (1)
- azobenzene photosensitive polymer films (1)
- bacteriaalgae associations (1)
- bacterial production (1)
- behavioral choice (1)
- behaviour (1)
- belief merging (1)
- belief revision (1)
- beta(2)-microglobulin (1)
- beta-diversity (1)
- beta-functions (1)
- bilingual processing (1)
- binaries: close (1)
- binaries: general (1)
- binocular combination (1)
- biodegradable copolymers (PLGA) (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biodiversity refugia (1)
- biomass (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- biomedical applications (1)
- biomimetic sensors (1)
- biostratigraphy (1)
- black rhinoceros (1)
- blood pressure (1)
- borates (1)
- boundary exchange (1)
- caged cAMP (1)
- calcite precipitation (1)
- calculation (1)
- caldera subsidence (1)
- captive populations (1)
- carbon markets (1)
- carbon turnover (1)
- carbonate precipitation (1)
- carbonates (1)
- carnivora (1)
- carotenoids bioavailability (1)
- catchment (1)
- category equivalence of clones (1)
- cave crickets (1)
- cell selectivity (1)
- cell structure (1)
- central Mediterranean (1)
- central Westland (1)
- channel transmission losses (1)
- characterization tools (1)
- charge transfer (1)
- chemocline (1)
- chemostat experiments (1)
- child development (1)
- childhood (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chlorite-phengite thermobarometry (1)
- chloroplast (1)
- chronic illness (1)
- chronostratigraphy (1)
- civil service (1)
- classification (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- climate (1)
- climate impacts (1)
- climate policy (1)
- climatic debt (1)
- climatic limitation (1)
- climbing (1)
- clinical interview (1)
- clone of operations (1)
- closure positive shift (1)
- codon usage (1)
- coercion (1)
- coesite (1)
- coexistence (1)
- coffee phenolic compounds (1)
- cognitive flexibility (1)
- cold pressor pain (1)
- collision (1)
- colony decline (1)
- commemorative acts of citizenship (1)
- community respiration (1)
- community structure (1)
- competition resistance trade-off (1)
- competition-integration model (1)
- complementarity (1)
- compliant electrodes (1)
- composition effects (1)
- compounds (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- conditioning stimulus (1)
- conducting polymer (1)
- confirmation bias (1)
- conjugated microporous polymers (1)
- conjugated polyelectrolytes (1)
- connectivity (1)
- consciousness for fair consumption (1)
- conservation biology (1)
- conservation genetics (1)
- conservation planning (1)
- consumer credit (1)
- contact variety (1)
- context (1)
- controlled drainage (1)
- controlled vocabularies (1)
- copepods (1)
- cosmogenic nuclide-dating (1)
- cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- cosmology: miscellaneous cosmology (1)
- cosmology: theory (1)
- counterterms (1)
- course timetabling (1)
- covalent organic frameworks (1)
- covert attention (1)
- cox2 (1)
- creative economy (1)
- crop products (1)
- cross-country comparison (1)
- crown compounds (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- cylindrospermopsin (1)
- cytochrome oxidase I gene (1)
- dark matter (1)
- data protection (1)
- deacetylation (1)
- decannulation protocol (1)
- deep biosphere (1)
- degradable polymer (1)
- degradation (1)
- delay-differential equation (1)
- democracy (1)
- demographic properties (1)
- dendroclimatology (1)
- density functional theory (DFT) (1)
- dependence (1)
- deposition (1)
- derivational morphology (1)
- detrended correspondence analyses (1)
- development (1)
- developmental dyscalculia (1)
- diazo compounds (1)
- diazonium salts (1)
- dichotic listening (1)
- dienes (1)
- diet competition (1)
- dietary patterns (1)
- digital elevation model (1)
- digital laser range finder (1)
- digital terrain analysis (1)
- dilatational tracheostomy (1)
- dimerization kinetics (1)
- discourse analysis (1)
- dispersal (1)
- ditch system (1)
- divergence (1)
- dog-assisted therapy (1)
- doming (1)
- dose-response relationship (1)
- double diffusive convection (1)
- drainage networks (1)
- drug delivery system (1)
- drug eluting stent (1)
- dryland rivers (1)
- dung (1)
- duration (1)
- dust (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamic HPLC (1)
- dynamic NMR (1)
- dynamic energy budget theory (1)
- dysphagia (1)
- early smoking experiences (1)
- earth surface processes (1)
- earthquakes (1)
- eastern asia (1)
- eating disorder (1)
- eating disorders (1)
- eclogites (1)
- ecological niche modelling (1)
- ecological speciation (1)
- ecological stoichiometry (1)
- ecophysiology (1)
- ecosystem stability (1)
- ecotypes (1)
- edge-driven convection (1)
- educational timetabling (1)
- effects of trial history (1)
- elastic conductor (1)
- electoral systems (1)
- electromyography (1)
- electropolymers (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- elementary particles (1)
- elementary school (1)
- elite athlete (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- empathy (1)
- empirical aesthetics (1)
- emulsion inversion (1)
- energy budget (1)
- ensemble (1)
- environmental changes (1)
- enzyme catalysis (1)
- enzymes (1)
- equilibrium assemblage (1)
- equilibrium topology (1)
- erosion rate (1)
- evaporites (1)
- event-related potentials (1)
- evoked potentials (1)
- evolution (1)
- evolutionary theory (1)
- exhumation and uplift (1)
- expansin (1)
- experiments (1)
- exsolution microstructures (1)
- extension (1)
- extensional tectonics (1)
- eye-tracking (1)
- fMRI (1)
- face proportions (1)
- faeces (1)
- fair trade (1)
- familiarity (1)
- family background (1)
- family relations (1)
- fault interaction (1)
- fault reactivation (1)
- feedbacks (1)
- feeding strategies (1)
- female perpetrators (1)
- fen grasslands (1)
- financial intermingling (1)
- finger counting (1)
- fire history (1)
- first language acquisition (1)
- fixation locations (1)
- floodplain (1)
- floral scent (1)
- flow-through vessel (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence (or Forster) (1)
- focus (1)
- food quality (1)
- food structuring (1)
- foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (1)
- forces generated during surface relief grating formation (1)
- forecasting (1)
- forest management (1)
- forest understorey plant species (1)
- formate dehydrogenase (1)
- fossil pollen (1)
- frame compliance (1)
- free associations (1)
- free radicals (1)
- free-flying honey bees (1)
- fried (1)
- fruits and vegetables (1)
- functional near-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- functional traits (1)
- functional types (1)
- functionalizing proteins (1)
- fundamental frequency (1)
- galaxies: formation (1)
- galaxies: halos (1)
- galaxies: individual (BL Lacertae, VER J2202+422) (1)
- galaxies: individual: Small Magellanic Cloud (1)
- galaxies: jets (1)
- gamma-ray burst: general (1)
- gamma-rays: galaxies (1)
- gamma-rays: stars (1)
- gardenpath model (1)
- gaylussite (1)
- gels (1)
- gene regulatory network (1)
- generalized Bruck-Reilly *-extension (1)
- generalized Langevin equation (1)
- geochronology (1)
- geodynamic modeling (1)
- geographical and altitudinal distribution (1)
- geomagnetic storm (1)
- geomorphometry (1)
- germination (1)
- glacier (1)
- global Si cycle (1)
- global carbon cycle (1)
- global change (1)
- global climate governance (1)
- globular clusters: general (1)
- gneiss domes (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- grammatical judgments (1)
- grammaticalization (1)
- gridded data (1)
- guano (1)
- guideline (1)
- gustatory responsiveness (1)
- habitat loss (1)
- hand (1)
- hand dynamics (1)
- harmonic radar (1)
- height (1)
- hemibond (1)
- heteronuclear NMR (1)
- heterotrophic bacteria (1)
- hierarchical level (1)
- hierarchical structures (1)
- high-pressure and Barrovian-type metamorphism (1)
- high-pressure metasedimentary rocks (1)
- hillslope (1)
- homogeneous catalysis (1)
- honey bee (1)
- honey bee dance (1)
- honey bee flight (1)
- honey bee mating (1)
- honey bee navigation (1)
- hook-lipped rhinoceros (1)
- hormone (1)
- hospitals (1)
- host-guest systems (1)
- household business interface (1)
- housing (1)
- housing careers (1)
- human impact (1)
- hydrological conditioning (1)
- hydrophobic mismatch (1)
- hydroxyl radical (1)
- hypersaline lake (1)
- ice-sheet (1)
- image analysis (1)
- immobilization (1)
- implicit measures (1)
- implicit meter (1)
- in situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- individual discrimination (1)
- individual-based models (1)
- infiltration (1)
- inflammation (1)
- inflectional morphology (1)
- infrared: stars (1)
- inhibition (1)
- institutional design (1)
- instrumentation: miscellaneous (1)
- integrated model (1)
- intellectual property rights (1)
- intensity (1)
- interactions (1)
- interactive learning environment (1)
- interdisciplinary research (1)
- interfaces (1)
- interference model (1)
- internal forward models (1)
- international comparison (1)
- interoception (1)
- interoceptive awareness (1)
- interspecific variation (1)
- intervention (1)
- interview method (1)
- intracontinental deformation (1)
- intraspecific divergence (1)
- invasive (1)
- invasive species (1)
- ion exchange (1)
- ionic liquids (1)
- ionosphere (1)
- ionospheric precursors of earthquakes (1)
- isolation-by-adaptation (1)
- isotope effects (1)
- isotopes (1)
- isotopic analysis (1)
- janus emulsions (1)
- jump height/power (1)
- kinematic analysis (1)
- knickpoint (1)
- labour market administration (1)
- lactones (1)
- lake shoreline (1)
- lamprophyre (1)
- land snails (1)
- land-use change (1)
- land-use history (1)
- landscape evolution (1)
- landslide (1)
- larger foraminifera (1)
- laser chemistry (1)
- late Palaeozoic (1)
- leaf development (1)
- leaf litter (1)
- learning disability (1)
- leg extensors (1)
- leukocyte-endothelial interaction (1)
- lexical decision (1)
- lian ... dou (1)
- life sciences (1)
- life-table experiments (1)
- light-emitting diodes (1)
- linagliptin (1)
- line: identification (1)
- linear mixed models (1)
- linear programming (1)
- lipid profiling (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- liquids (1)
- lithic technology development (1)
- lithospheric layering (1)
- livestock feed (1)
- lizard (1)
- local abundances (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- local government (1)
- local insterstellar matter (1)
- locomotion (1)
- low birth weight (LBW) (1)
- low temperature chronology (1)
- low temperature stress (1)
- lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) (1)
- mRNA structure (1)
- macrophytes (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (1)
- magnetosphere (1)
- majorite (1)
- majority rule (1)
- male victims (1)
- maleimides (1)
- mantle transition zone (1)
- masked priming (1)
- matK (1)
- maternal effects (1)
- mathematics (1)
- maximal isometric torque (1)
- maximum entropy (MaxEnt) (1)
- measurement frequency (1)
- measuring instrument (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory effects (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mesocosms (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolite profiling (1)
- metadata (1)
- metal ions (1)
- metal/polymer interface (1)
- metathesis (1)
- methods: analytical (1)
- methods: statistical (1)
- methyl viologen (1)
- microcapsules (1)
- microcystin (1)
- microdiamond (1)
- microstructure (1)
- minister responsibility (1)
- mirror (1)
- model (1)
- moesin (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular oxygen (1)
- molecular rods (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (Moco)-binding chaperone (1)
- molybdoenzyme (1)
- monitoring network (1)
- monocular deprivation (1)
- morality (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- morphological priming (1)
- morphological processing (1)
- morphology processing (1)
- motivic Feynman rules (1)
- movement (1)
- mu RF (1)
- mu-DSC (1)
- multi-core (1)
- multi-temporal RapidEye satellite data (1)
- multidirectional memory (1)
- multifactorial environmental change (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multiple emulsion preparation (1)
- multiple stressors (1)
- multiscale analysis (1)
- musculature (1)
- music industry (1)
- mycorrhiza (1)
- n-oxPTH (1)
- nanocapsules (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- naphthalenophanes (1)
- natural products (1)
- near-hand effect (1)
- networks (1)
- neurodevelopmental impairment (1)
- neutral theory (1)
- new combination (1)
- niche optimum (1)
- niche width (1)
- nitrogen deposition (1)
- nitrogen fixation (1)
- non-associative learning (1)
- nonphotorealistic rendering (NPR) (1)
- north-eastern Brazil (1)
- northern peatlands (1)
- number cognition (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- numerical modeling (1)
- numerical simulations (1)
- nutrient limitation (1)
- nutrient-stress (1)
- nutrition (1)
- néohumboldtiens (1)
- observation (1)
- observation hive (1)
- observations (1)
- occlusion (1)
- occupational health (1)
- oculomotor control (1)
- old adults and young adults (1)
- olfactory communication (1)
- olfactory responsiveness (1)
- olivine (1)
- ontogenesis (1)
- open clusters and associations: general (1)
- operational momentum (1)
- optical imaging (1)
- optical sensing (1)
- optimization (1)
- orchids (1)
- organ failure (1)
- organ size (1)
- organic electronics (1)
- organic layer (1)
- orogen-parallel extension (1)
- orogenic plateau evolution (1)
- outcome (1)
- oxygen curves (1)
- pH (1)
- pH mapping (1)
- pH response (1)
- pain (1)
- parafoveal processing (1)
- parasites and diseases (1)
- paratose (1)
- participation disorders (1)
- past tense (1)
- patents (1)
- peak F2-layer electron density (1)
- peak-temperature pattern (1)
- perception (1)
- performance assessment (1)
- periphyton (1)
- peroxides (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- pharmaceutical industry (1)
- phase transitions (1)
- phospholipid-derived fatty acid (1)
- phospholipids (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- photoelectron transfer (1)
- photoisomerization (1)
- phototaxis (1)
- photovoltaic devices (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical activity questionnaire (1)
- phytogenic silica (1)
- pi-inverse monoid (1)
- pigments (1)
- place (1)
- planetary nebulae: general (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: PN G029.0+00.4 (1)
- planets and satellites: individual (Saturn) (1)
- planets and satellites: rings (1)
- plant communities (1)
- plant community (1)
- plant potassium channel (1)
- plant species richness (1)
- plant-climate interaction (1)
- pleasurable smoking sensations (1)
- pnCCD (1)
- pneumonia (1)
- point process (1)
- point-light action (1)
- polar environment (1)
- polarimetric SAR (1)
- polarization (1)
- pollen taxa (1)
- pollinator shift (1)
- poly(acrylamide) hydrogels (1)
- poly(ethylene glycol) (1)
- polyesters (1)
- polymer foams (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polysemy (1)
- pore-size distribution (1)
- post-2012 negotiations (1)
- postlinear poetry (1)
- practice theory (1)
- predictability (1)
- predictive systems ecology (1)
- preview benefit (1)
- primary care (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- privacy (1)
- private authority (1)
- privatization (1)
- probability distribution function (1)
- process-based range models (1)
- program encodings (1)
- promoter (1)
- proof complexity (1)
- prosodic boundaries (1)
- prosodic boundary (1)
- prospective (1)
- prostaglandin receptor (1)
- proteasome (1)
- protein adsorption (1)
- protein-phenol interactions (1)
- protein-protein interaction (1)
- proteomics (1)
- psbA-trnH (1)
- psycholinguistics (1)
- psychometric properties (1)
- psychotherapy research (1)
- pubertal timing (1)
- puberty (1)
- public administration (1)
- public employment service (1)
- public justification (1)
- public sector reform (1)
- public-reason liberalism (1)
- pulsars: general (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J0007+7303) (1)
- pulsars: individual: PSR B1259-63 (1)
- pulsars: individual: SXP1062 (1)
- pump-probe (1)
- quantitative PCR (1)
- quantitative wood anatomy (1)
- quantum dynamics (1)
- quarternary channels (1)
- quartz (1)
- quasars: individual: HE 0027-1836 (1)
- quasars: individual: HE 2217-2818 (1)
- quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089 (1)
- quorum sensing (1)
- rainfall simulation (1)
- random copolymer (1)
- range filling (1)
- range shifts (1)
- range size (1)
- ratchet transport (1)
- rate of torque development (1)
- re-reading probability (1)
- reader response (1)
- reading (1)
- reading comprehension (1)
- reading frequency (1)
- reading motivation (1)
- realized niche (1)
- reanalysis (1)
- reappraisal (1)
- reasoning (1)
- receiver functions (1)
- reference gene (1)
- reference groups (1)
- reflection spectroscopy (1)
- regular monoid (1)
- rehabilitation episodes (1)
- reinforcement (1)
- relativistic processes (1)
- renormalization Hopf algebra (1)
- replicability (1)
- replicates (1)
- reproductive biology (1)
- reproductive strategies (1)
- research transparency (1)
- resonance energy transfer (1)
- respiration (1)
- resultative sentences (1)
- riveraquifer interaction (1)
- rotifers (1)
- runoff (1)
- rupturing of metal film (1)
- ruthenium (1)
- saliency (1)
- saline lake (1)
- salt structures (1)
- same-sex contacts (1)
- sampling bias (1)
- sampling locations (1)
- sandwich complexes (1)
- saxitoxin (1)
- scale development (1)
- scene perception (1)
- screening (1)
- sea-level (1)
- sea-level change (1)
- second chambers (1)
- secretory cell (1)
- sediment budget (1)
- sediment storage (1)
- sediment yield (1)
- sedimentation (1)
- sediments (1)
- seed longevity (1)
- seed production (1)
- semantic (1)
- semantic change (1)
- semantic web (1)
- semi-arid hydrology (1)
- semiempirical calculations (1)
- sensitivity analysis (1)
- sensors (1)
- sensory balance (1)
- sepsis (1)
- sequential data assimilation (1)
- serotonin (1)
- sex differences (1)
- sexual aggression (1)
- sexual deception (1)
- sexual isolation (1)
- sexual victimization (1)
- shallow lakes (1)
- shallow structure hypothesis (1)
- shallow translational landslides (1)
- shape-memory properties (1)
- shell-architecture (1)
- shoulder girdle (1)
- sickness absence (1)
- signal (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- silent prosody (1)
- silica gel (1)
- silver nanoparticles (1)
- silver nanoslits (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- site-directed mutagenesis (1)
- skin (1)
- skipping rate (1)
- small and medium-sized enterprise (1)
- small business finance (1)
- smart CCTV (1)
- social cognition (1)
- social comparison (1)
- social modulation (1)
- social support (1)
- socially conscious consumption (1)
- sociology of knowledge (1)
- soft electrical connections (1)
- software (1)
- soil (1)
- soil Si pools (1)
- soil erosion (1)
- soil moisture (1)
- soil organic carbon (1)
- soils (1)
- solar cells (1)
- soya beans (1)
- space in poetry (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial representation (1)
- spatial statistics (1)
- speciation (1)
- species assemblies (1)
- species distribution modelling (1)
- species distribution models (1)
- species-specific (1)
- spectral exponent (1)
- speech perception (1)
- sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (1)
- spiro compounds (1)
- spontaneous parametric down conversion (1)
- stability program (1)
- stage structure (1)
- starch (1)
- stars: AGB and post-AGB (1)
- stars: abundances (1)
- stars: emission-line, Be (1)
- stars: fundamental parameters (1)
- stars: individual (WR 6) (1)
- stars: individual (zeta Pup) (1)
- stars: individual: HD 63425 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 66665 (1)
- stars: individual: LS 2883 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 102ka (1)
- stars: kinematics and dynamics (1)
- stars: late-type (1)
- stars: magnetic fields (1)
- stars: neutron (1)
- stars: rotation (1)
- static matching (1)
- static/dynamic postural control (1)
- statistical copolymers (1)
- statistical seismology (1)
- steam-dried (1)
- steamed (1)
- stimulus-onset delay (1)
- stochastic processes (1)
- stochastic simulation algorithm (1)
- stochastic thermodynamics (1)
- stoma button (1)
- stratification (1)
- stream profile (1)
- stress response (1)
- stress-clash (1)
- stretchable electronics (1)
- stroke (1)
- strong equivalence (1)
- structural equation modeling (1)
- sub-inhibitory concentration (1)
- subduction accretion (1)
- subduction erosion (1)
- subduction-collision (1)
- subjectification (1)
- submerged macrophytes (1)
- submicrometer (1)
- sugar response (1)
- sulfate reduction (1)
- supernovae: individual (G119.5+10.2) (1)
- superoxide (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface plasm on polaritons (1)
- surveys (1)
- survival (1)
- symbolic calculation (1)
- symplectite (1)
- synthesis (1)
- tRNA (1)
- tableau calculi (1)
- tactile perception (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- tectonic geomorphology (1)
- temperate deciduous forest (1)
- temperate zone (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperature sensing (1)
- terrestrial subsidies (1)
- the English progressive construction (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermodynamic modeling (1)
- thermodynamics (1)
- thermohaline processes (1)
- thermomechanical properties (1)
- thermoresponsive materials (1)
- thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- thorium (1)
- three hybrid (1)
- three-dimensional depth profiling (1)
- thrombocyte adhesion (1)
- time-dependent configuration interaction (1)
- township tourism (1)
- trade-offs (1)
- trait-anxiety (1)
- trans-migration (1)
- transcription (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transdisciplinary research (1)
- transient dynamics (1)
- transient erosion (1)
- translation (1)
- tree rings (1)
- trehalose (1)
- trial (1)
- triangular-[4] phenylene (1)
- triple resonance (1)
- triple-shape effect (1)
- trnL (1)
- trnL-F (1)
- tropical montane forest (1)
- two beam interferometry (1)
- two hybrid (1)
- two-wave panel (1)
- typification (1)
- ultrafast reactions (1)
- ultrahigh-pressure (1)
- ultraviolet: ISM (1)
- understory (1)
- unipolar affective disorders (1)
- universal Hopf algebra of renormalization (1)
- unrestricted race model (1)
- upper mantle (1)
- urine (1)
- vacuolar ATPase (1)
- value chain (1)
- value creation (1)
- variability (1)
- vegetation history (1)
- verb classes (1)
- very low birth weight infant (1)
- video surveillance (1)
- virulence (1)
- viscoelasticity (1)
- vision linguistique du monde (1)
- visual form (1)
- viverridae (1)
- voltage-dependent (1)
- voltage-independent (1)
- water-soluble polymers (1)
- watersheds (1)
- wave-particle dualism (1)
- waves (1)
- weakly coordinating ions (1)
- welfare markets (1)
- welfare state reform (1)
- wetland (1)
- wetland ecosystems (1)
- whey proteins (1)
- wind (1)
- working memory capacity (1)
- workplace (1)
- wrap-up process (1)
- x Comprehension (1)
- x Early adolescence (1)
- x Intrinsic (1)
- x Motivation/engagement, x Extrinsic (1)
- zircon (1)
- zircon standard (1)
- zooplankton (1)
- zooprophylaxis (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (251)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (172)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (162)
- Institut für Chemie (123)
- Department Psychologie (74)
- Institut für Romanistik (64)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (54)
- Sozialwissenschaften (45)
- Institut für Mathematik (44)
- Institut für Germanistik (43)
We show how the maximum magnitude within a predefined future time horizon may be estimated from an earthquake catalog within the context of Gutenberg-Richter statistics. The aim is to carry out a rigorous uncertainty assessment, and calculate precise confidence intervals based on an imposed level of confidence a. In detail, we present a model for the estimation of the maximum magnitude to occur in a time interval T-f in the future, given a complete earthquake catalog for a time period T in the past and, if available, paleoseismic events. For this goal, we solely assume that earthquakes follow a stationary Poisson process in time with unknown productivity Lambda and obey the Gutenberg-Richter law in magnitude domain with unknown b-value. The random variables. and b are estimated by means of Bayes theorem with noninformative prior distributions. Results based on synthetic catalogs and on retrospective calculations of historic catalogs from the highly active area of Japan and the low-seismicity, but high-risk region lower Rhine embayment (LRE) in Germany indicate that the estimated magnitudes are close to the true values. Finally, we discuss whether the techniques can be extended to meet the safety requirements for critical facilities such as nuclear power plants. For this aim, the maximum magnitude for all times has to be considered. In agreement with earlier work, we find that this parameter is not a useful quantity from the viewpoint of statistical inference.
Convergence of the frequency-magnitude distribution of global earthquakes - maybe in 200 years
(2013)
I study the ability to estimate the tail of the frequency-magnitude distribution of global earthquakes. While power-law scaling for small earthquakes is accepted by support of data, the tail remains speculative. In a recent study, Bell et al. (2013) claim that the frequency-magnitude distribution of global earthquakes converges to a tapered Pareto distribution. I show that this finding results from data fitting errors, namely from the biased maximum likelihood estimation of the corner magnitude theta in strongly undersampled models. In particular, the estimation of theta depends solely on the few largest events in the catalog. Taking this into account, I compare various state-of-the-art models for the global frequency-magnitude distribution. After discarding undersampled models, the remaining ones, including the unbounded Gutenberg-Richter distribution, perform all equally well and are, therefore, indistinguishable. Convergence to a specific distribution, if it ever takes place, requires about 200 years homogeneous recording of global seismicity, at least.
The main morphological features of variations of the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere before the earthquakes on March 11, 2011 (Japan) and October 23, 2011 (Turkey) are examined. The revealed features are compared to those of ionospheric TEC disturbances observed prior to several other large seismic events, as well as to those included in a list of the most frequently observed ionospheric TEC disturbances interpreted as possible ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. It is shown that, in the periods of preparation of the earthquakes under consideration, on March 8-11 and October 20-23, abnormal ionospheric TEC disturbances were observed as long-lived structures in a near-epicentral region and in the region magnetically conjugated to it.
The sidi Mohamed peridotites (Edough Massif, NE Algeria) - evidence for an upper mantle origin
(2013)
The Hercynian Edough massif is the easternmost crystalline massif of the Algerian coast. It consists of two tectonically superposed units composed of micaschists, gneisses, and peridotite. This study concentrates on the small and isolated Sidi Mohamed peridotite outcrop area (0.03 km(2)). The Sidi Mohamed peridotite is composed mainly of harzburgites (Mg-rich olivine and orthopyroxene as major minerals). The Ni (2051-2920 ppm), Cr (2368-5514 ppm) and MgO (similar to 28-35 wt.%) whole-rock composition and the relative depletion in Nb make these harzburgites comparable to depleted peridotites related to a subduction zone. We suggest that the Sidi Mohamed ultramafic body was derived directly from the upper mantle and tectonically incorporated into the gneiss units of the Edough metamorphic core complex in a subduction environment.
Changes in rainfall interception along a secondary forest succession gradient in lowland Panama
(2013)
Secondary forests are rapidly expanding in tropical regions. Yet, despite the importance of understanding the hydrological consequences of land-cover dynamics, the relationship between forest succession and canopy interception is poorly understood. This lack of knowledge is unfortunate because rainfall interception plays an important role in regional water cycles and needs to be quantified for many modeling purposes. To help close this knowledge gap, we designed a throughfall monitoring study along a secondary succession gradient in a tropical forest region of Panama. The investigated gradient comprised 20 forest patches 3 to 130 yr old. We sampled each patch with a minimum of 20 funnel-type throughfall collectors over a continuous 2month period that had nearly 900 mm of rain. During the same period, we acquired forest inventory data and derived several forest structural attributes. We then applied simple and multiple regression models (Bayesian model averaging, BMA) and identified those vegetation parameters that had the strongest influence on the variation of canopy interception. Our analyses yielded three main findings. First, canopy interception changed rapidly during forest succession. After only a decade, throughfall volumes approached levels that are typical for mature forests. Second, a parsimonious (simple linear regression) model based on the ratio of the basal area of small stems to the total basal area outperformed more complex multivariate models (BMA approach). Third, based on complementary forest inventory data, we show that the influence of young secondary forests on interception in realworld fragmented landscapes might be detectable only in regions with a substantial fraction of young forests. Our re-sults suggest that where entire catchments undergo forest regrowth, initial stages of succession may be associated with a substantial decrease of streamflow generation. Our results further highlight the need to study hydrological processes in all forest succession stages, including early ones.
In 2009, 'Palestine' lodged a declaration recognizing the jurisdiction of the ICC under Article 12(3). However, in April 2012, the OTP determined that this declaration had not brought about the result, of providing for the ICC's jurisdiction, pending clarification from the political organs of the UN concerning the legal status of Palestine within the organization. On 29 November 2012, the General Assembly granted Palestine the status of a non-member observer state within the UN framework, thereby fulfilling the condition mentioned by the OTP in April 2012. It is against this background that the article considers the current legal effects of the 2009 Palestinian declaration. In particular, it addresses the issue of whether the declaration, when read in conjunction with the 29 November 2012 decision, possesses retroactive effect, i.e. whether it provides, as claimed, for the Court's temporal jurisdiction from 1 July 2002 onwards or rather starting only from 29 November 2012.
... the current status granted to Palestine by the United Nations General Assembly is that of 'observer', not as a 'Non-member State'. ... [T]his... informs the current legal status of Palestine for the interpretation and application of article 12 [Rome Statute]. ... The Office could in the future consider allegations of crimes committed in Palestine, should competent organs of the United Nations... resolve the legal issue relevant to an assessment of article 12. ... International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, 'Situation in Palestine', 3 April 2012
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) is an important soil characteristic affecting soil water storage, runoff generation and erosion processes. In some areas where high-intensity rainfall coincides with low K-s values at shallow soil depths, frequent overland flow entails dense drainage networks. Consequently, linear structures such as flowlines alternate with inter-flowline areas. So far, investigations of the spatial variability of K-s mainly relied on isotropic covariance models which are unsuitable to reveal patterns resulting from linear structures. In the present study, we applied two sampling approaches so as to adequately characterize K-s spatial variability in a tropical forest catchment that features a high density of flowlines: A classical nested sampling survey and a purposive sampling strategy adapted to the presence of flowlines. The nested sampling approach revealed the dominance of small-scale variability, which is in line with previous findings. Our purposive sampling, however, detected a strong spatial gradient: surface K-s increased substantially as a function of distance to flowline; 10 m off flowlines, values were similar to the spatial mean of K-s. This deterministic trend can be included as a fixed effect in a linear mixed modeling framework to obtain realistic spatial fields of K-s. In a next step we used probability maps based on those fields and prevailing rainfall intensities to assess the hydrological relevance of the detected pattern. This approach suggests a particularly good agreement between the probability statements of K-s exceedance and observed overland flow occurrence during wet stages of the rainy season.
The spatial and temporal variability of a low-centred polygon on the eastern floodplain area of the lower Anabar River (72.070 degrees N, 113.921 degrees E; northern Yakutia, Siberia) has been investigated using a multi-method approach. The present-day vegetation in each square metre was analysed, revealing a community of Larix, shrubby Betula, and Salix on the polygon rim, a dominance of Carex and Andromeda polifolia in the rim-to-pond transition zone, and a predominantly monospecific Scorpidium scorpioides coverage within the pond. The total organic carbon (TOC) content, TOC/TN (total nitrogen) ratio, grain size, vascular plant macrofossils, moss remains, diatoms, and pollen were analysed for two vertical sections and a sediment core from a transect across the polygon. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the formation of the polygon started at least 1500 yr ago; the general positions of the pond and rim have not changed since that time. Two types of pond vegetation were identified, indicating two contrasting development stages of the polygon. The first was a well-established moss association, dominated by submerged or floating Scorpidium scorpioides and/or Drepanocladus spp. and overgrown by epiphytic diatoms such as Tabellaria flocculosa and Eunotia taxa. This stage coincides temporally with a period in which the polygon was only drained by lateral subsurface water flow, as indicated by mixed grain sizes. A different moss association occurred during times of repeated river flooding (indicated by homogeneous medium-grained sand that probably accumulated during the annual spring snowmelt), characterized by an abundance of Meesia triquetra and a dominance of benthic diatoms (e. g. Navicula vulpina), indicative of a relatively high pH and a high tolerance of disturbance. A comparison of the local polygon vegetation (inferred from moss and macrofossil spectra) with the regional vegetation (inferred from pollen spectra) indicated that the moss association with Scorpidium scorpioides became established during relatively favourable climatic conditions, while the association dominated by Meesia triquetra occurred during periods of harsh climatic conditions. Our study revealed a strong riverine influence (in addition to climatic influences) on polygon development and the type of peat accumulated.
Parafoveal semantic processing has recently been well documented in reading Chinese sentences, presumably because of language-specific features. However, because of a large variation of fixation landing positions on pretarget words, some preview words actually were located in foveal vision when readers' eyes landed close to the end of the pretarget words. None of the previous studies has completely ruled out a possibility that the semantic preview effects might mainly arise from these foveally processed preview words. This case, whether previously observed positive evidence for parafoveal semantic processing can still hold, has been called into question. Using linear mixed models, we demonstrate in this study that semantic preview benefit from word N+1 decreased if fixation on pretarget word N was close to the preview. We argue that parafoveal semantic processing is not a consequence of foveally processed preview words.
We perform a systematic study of all cities in Europe to assess the Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity by means of remotely sensed land surface temperature data. Defining cities as spatial clusters of urban land cover, we investigate the relationships of the UHI intensity, with the cluster size and the temperature of the surroundings. Our results show that in Europe, the UHI intensity in summer has a strong correlation with the cluster size, which can be well fitted by an empirical sigmoid model. Furthermore, we find a novel seasonality of the UHI intensity for individual clusters in the form of hysteresis-like curves. We characterize the shape and identify apparent regional patterns.
Thin thermoresponsive films of the triblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene (P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S)) are investigated on silicon substrates. By spin coating, homogeneous and smooth films are prepared for a range of film thicknesses from 6 to 82 nm. Films are stable with respect to dewetting as investigated with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S) films with a thickness of 39 nm exhibit a phase transition of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type at 36.5 degrees C. The swelling and the thermoresponsive behavior of the films with respect to a sudden thermal stimulus are probed with in-situ neutron reflectivity. In undersaturated water vapor swelling proceeds without thickness increase. The thermoresponse proceeds in three steps: First, the film rejects water as the temperature is above LCST. Next, it stays constant for 600 s, before the collapsed film takes up water again. With ATR-FTIR measurements, changes of bound water in the film caused by different thermal stimuli are studied. Hydrogen bonds only form between C=O and water in the swollen film. Above the LCST most hydrogen bonds with water are broken, but some amount of bound water remains inside the film in agreement with the neutron reflectivity data. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) shows that the inner lateral structure is not significantly influenced by the different thermal stimuli.
Thick poly(styrene-b-monomethoxydiethylenglycol-acrylate-b-styrene) [P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S)] films (thickness 5 mu m) are prepared from different solvents on flexible substrates by solution casting and investigated with small-angle X-ray scattering. As the solvents are either PS- or PMDEGA-selective, micelles with different core-shell micellar structures are formed. In PMDEGA-selective solvents, the PS block is the core and PMDEGA is the shell, whereas in PS-selective solvents, the order is reversed. After exposing the films to liquid D2O, the micellar structure inside the films prepared from PMDEGA-selective solvents remains unchanged and only the PMDEGA (shell part) swells. On the contrary, in the films prepared from PS-selective solvents, the micelles revert the core and the shell. This reversal causes more entanglements of the PMDEGA chains between the micelles. Moreover, the thermal collapse transition of the PMDEGA block in liquid D2O is significantly broadened. Irrespective of the solvent used for film preparation, the swollen PMDEGA shell does not show a prominent shrinkage when passing the phase transition, and the transition process occurs via compaction. The collapsed micelles have a tendency to densely pack above the transition temperature.
Ostracod distribution and habitat relationships in the Kunlun Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau
(2013)
Surface sediment samples were collected from the lakes Heihai, Kusai, Haiding Nuur and Yan Hu, and from streams and ponds in the Kunlun Mountains at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the sub-fossil ostracod (micro-crustacean) fauna of the region. Among 65 collected samples, 46 ostracod shell-rich samples were used to study the relationship between the ostracod distribution and specific conductivity (SC) of the water, which ranged from 0.6 to 53.0 mS cm(-1). A total of eleven ostracod species was identified from this region, with about half of the species restricted to the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent mountain areas, and the other half representing Holarctic taxa. Tonnacypris cf. estonica and Tonnacypris tonnensis are reported from the Tibetan Plateau for the first time. Leucocythere sp. is the dominant species and Ilyocypris cf. bradyi is also relatively abundant. The other seven species were recorded with limited abundances apparently due to lower SC tolerances. Leucocythere sp. was recorded over the full SC range from 0.6 to 53 mS cm(-1). Eucypris mareotica is a typical brackish and saline water species, which was found at sample sites with high SC (2.8-53.0 mS cm(-1)). In contrast, Leucocythere dorsotuberosa, Candona candida and Eucypris afghanistanensis prefer freshwater to slightly oli-gohaline waters with SC < 1.8 mS cm(-1). The SC optimum and tolerance range for each species were determined and compared to earlier reported data from other regions of Central Asia. The results indicate that species assemblage data from fossil ostracod shells have a large potential to provide information on past SC levels and more general climate-determined moisture conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
Morphological and genetic evidence for early Holocene cattle management in northeastern China
(2013)
The domestication of cattle is generally accepted to have taken place in two independent centres: around 10,500 years ago in the Near East, giving rise to modern taurine cattle, and two millennia later in southern Asia, giving rise to zebu cattle. Here we provide firmly dated morphological and genetic evidence for early Holocene management of taurine cattle in northeastern China. We describe conjoining mandibles from this region that show evidence of oral stereotypy, dated to the early Holocene by two independent C-14 dates. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing coupled with DNA hybridization capture, we characterize 15,406 bp of the mitogenome with on average 16.7-fold coverage. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a hitherto unknown mitochondrial haplogroup that falls outside the known taurine diversity. Our data suggest that the first attempts to manage cattle in northern China predate the introduction of domestic cattle that gave rise to the current stock by several thousand years.
Surface lake sediments, 28 from Hoh Xil, 24 from northeastern China, 99 from Lake Bosten, 31 from Ulungur and 26 from Heihai were collected to determine C-13 and O-18 values. Considering the impact factors, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, TOC, C/N and carbonate-content in the sediments, Cl, P, S, and metal element ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Fe/Mn of bulk sediments as environmental variables enable evaluation of their influences on C-13 and O-18 using principal component analysis (PCA) method. The closure and residence time of lakes can influence the correlation between C-13 and O-18. Lake water will change from fresh to brackish with increasing reduction and eutrophication effects. Mg/Ca in the bulk sediment indicates the characteristic of residence time, Sr/Ca and Fe/Mn infer the salinity of lakes. Carbonate formation processes and types can influence the C-13-O-18 correlation. O-18 will be heavier from Mg-calcite and aragonite formed in a high-salinity water body than calcite formed in freshwater conditions. When carbonate content is less than 30%, there is no relationship with either C-13 or O-18, and also none between C-13 and O-18. More than 30%, carbonate content, however, co-varies highly to C-13 and O-18, and there is also a high correlation between C-13 and O-18. Vegetation conditions and primary productivity of lakes can influence the characteristics of C-13 and O-18, and their co-variance. Total organic matter content (TOC) in the sediments is higher with more terrestrial and submerged plants infilling. In northeastern and northwestern China, when organic matter in the lake sediments comes from endogenous floating organisms and algae, the C-13 value is high. C-13 is in the range of -4%o to 0 parts per thousand when organic matter comes mainly from floating organisms (C/N<6); in the range of -4 parts per thousand to 8 parts per thousand when organic matter comes from diatoms (C/N=6 to 8); and -8 parts per thousand to -4 parts per thousand when organic matter comes from aquatic and terrestrial plants (C/N>8).
This paper reports on an elicited production study which investigates prosodic marking of narrow focus in modified noun phrases in varieties of South African English. The acoustic analysis of fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration in narrow focus is presented and discussed. The results suggest that these three acoustic parameters are manipulated differently in narrow focus in the varieties of English as a Second Language as compared to General South African English. The article compares the results to what is known about prosodic marking of information structure in other varieties of English as a Second Language and underlines the necessity of carefully controlled data in the investigation of phonological and phonetic variation in varieties of English.
Chirocephalus ruffoi is a fairy shrimp endemic to the Italian peninsula, where it is known only from thirteen high mountain locations. Twelve of these are in the Northern Apennines while the thirteenth is about 700 km away in the Calabrian Apennines (Southern Italy). We quantified degree of genetic divergence within the species by sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA encoding for Cytochrome Oxidase I. We then combined genetic data with the re-analysis of two different datasets on the morphometrics of the resting eggs (cysts) produced by the species as an adaptation to survive seasonal droughts. Genetic data revealed profound divergence; we identified four clusters of haplotypes within the species phylogeography, three in the Northern Apennines and one in the Calabrian Apennines with most of the genetic variation (a parts per thousand 70%) being apportioned among haplogroups. We found high variability in cyst morphometrics, especially in cyst size and height of the spines ornamenting the surface. Genetic and morphometric data are decoupled suggesting that cyst morphology is either under selection or a plastic trait. We, therefore, caution against using cyst morphology for taxonomic purposes in anostracans.
We explore fluctuations of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field to identify scaling behaviour of the temporal variability in geomagnetic data recorded by the Intermagnet observatories during the solar cycle 23 (years 1996 to 2005). In this work, we use the remarkable ability of scaling wavelet exponents to highlight the singularities associated with discontinuities present in the magnetograms obtained at two magnetic observatories for six intense magnetic storms, including the sudden storm commencements of 14 July 2000, 29-31 October and 20-21 November 2003. In the active intervals that occurred during geomagnetic storms, we observe a rapid and unidirectional change in the spectral scaling exponent at the time of storm onset. The corresponding fractal features suggest that the dynamics of the whole time series is similar to that of a fractional Brownian motion. Our findings point to an evident relatively sudden change related to the emergence of persistency of the fractal power exponent fluctuations precedes an intense magnetic storm. These first results could be useful in the framework of extreme events prediction studies.
The dynamics of external contributions to the geomagnetic field is investigated by applying time-frequency methods to magnetic observatory data. Fractal models and multiscale analysis enable obtaining maximum quantitative information related to the short-term dynamics of the geomagnetic field activity. The stochastic properties of the horizontal component of the transient external field are determined by searching for scaling laws in the power spectra. The spectrum fits a power law with a scaling exponent beta, a typical characteristic of self-affine time-series. Local variations in the power-law exponent are investigated by applying wavelet analysis to the same time-series. These analyses highlight the self-affine properties of geomagnetic perturbations and their persistence. Moreover, they show that the main phases of sudden storm disturbances are uniquely characterized by a scaling exponent varying between 1 and 3, possibly related to the energy contained in the external field. These new findings suggest the existence of a long-range dependence, the scaling exponent being an efficient indicator of geomagnetic activity and singularity detection. These results show that by using magnetogram regularity to reflect the magnetosphere activity, a theoretical analysis of the external geomagnetic field based on local power-law exponents is possible.
Time hierarchies, arising as a result of interactions between system's components, represent a ubiquitous property of dynamical biological systems. In addition, biological systems have been attributed switch-like properties modulating the response to various stimuli across different organisms and environmental conditions. Therefore, establishing the interplay between these features of system dynamics renders itself a challenging question of practical interest in biology. Existing methods are suitable for systems with one stable steady state employed as a well-defined reference. In such systems, the characterization of the time hierarchies has already been used for determining the components that contribute to the dynamics of biological systems. However, the application of these methods to bistable nonlinear systems is impeded due to their inherent dependence on the reference state, which in this case is no longer unique. Here, we extend the applicability of the reference-state analysis by proposing, analyzing, and applying a novel method, which allows investigation of the time hierarchies in systems exhibiting bistability. The proposed method is in turn used in identifying the components, other than reactions, which determine the systemic dynamical properties. We demonstrate that in biological systems of varying levels of complexity and spanning different biological levels, the method can be effectively employed for model simplification while ensuring preservation of qualitative dynamical properties (i.e., bistability). Finally, by establishing a connection between techniques from nonlinear dynamics and multivariate statistics, the proposed approach provides the basis for extending reference-based analysis to bistable systems.
We document Quaternary fluvial incision driven by fault-controlled surface deformation in the inverted intermontane Gökirmak Basin in the Central Pontide mountains along the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau. In-situ-produced Be-10, Ne-21, and Cl-36 concentrations from gravel-covered fluvial terraces and pediment surfaces along the trunk stream of the basin (the Gökirmak River) yield model exposure ages ranging from 71ka to 34645ka and average fluvial incision rates over the past similar to 350ka of 0.280.01mm a(-1). Similarities between river incision rates and coastal uplift rates at the Black Sea coast suggest that regional uplift is responsible for the river incision. Model exposure ages of deformed pediment surfaces along tributaries of the trunk stream range from 605ka to 110 +/- 10ka, demonstrating that the thrust faults responsible for pediment deformation were active after those times and were likely active earlier as well as explaining the topographic relief of the region. Together, our data demonstrate cumulative incision that is linked to active internal shortening and uplift of similar to 0.3mm a(-1) in the Central Pontide orogenic wedge, which may ultimately contribute to the lateral growth of the northern Anatolian Plateau.
Emerged marine terraces and paleoshorelines along plate margins are prominent geomorphic markers that can be used to quantify the rates and patterns of crustal deformation. The northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau has been interpreted as an actively deforming orogenic wedge between the North Anatolian Fault and the Black Sea. Here we use uplifted marine terraces across principal faults on the Sinop Peninsula at the central northern side of the Pontide orogenic wedge to unravel patterns of Quaternary faulting and orogenic wedge behavior. We leveled the present-day elevations of paleoshorelines and dated marine terrace deposits using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to determine coastal uplift. The elevations of the paleoshorelines vary between 4 +/- 0.2 and 67 +/- 1.4 m above sea level and OSL ages suggest terrace formation episodes during interglacial periods at ca 125, 190, 400 and 570 ka, corresponding to marine isotopic stages (MIS) 5e, 7a, 11 and 15. Mean apparent vertical displacement rates (without eustatic correction) deduced from these terraces range between 0.02 and 0.18 mm/a, with intermittent faster rates of up to 0.26 mm/a. We obtained higher rates at the eastern and southern parts of the peninsula, toward the hinterland, indicating non-uniform uplift across the different morphotectonic segments of the peninsula. Our data are consistent with active on- and offshore faulting across the Sinop Peninsula. When integrated with regional tectonic observations, the faulting pattern reflects shortening distributed over a broad region of the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau during the Quaternary.
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) act on more than 90 percent of all drugs currently on the market. The catalytic cycle requires electron supply to the heme iron in the presence of oxygen. Electrochemistry allows to characterise the reaction mechanism of these redox enzymes by observing the electron transfer in real time. According to the number of publications on protein electrochemistry CYP has the third position after glucose oxidase and cytochrome c. CYP based enzyme electrodes for the quantification of drugs, metabolites or pesticides have been developed using different iso-enzymes. A crucial step in the sensor development is the efficiency of coupling the biocatalytic systems with the electrode is. In the 1970s the direct electron transfer of heme and heme peptides called microperoxidases (MPs) was used as model of oxidoreductases. They exhibit a broad substrate spectrum including hydroxylation of selected aromatic substrates, demethylation and epoxidation by means of hydrogen peroxide. It overlaps with that of P450 making heme and MPs to alternate recognition elements in biosensors for the detection of typical CYP substrates. In these enzyme electrodes the signal is generated by the conversion of all substrates thus representing in complex media an overall parameter. By combining the biocatalytic substrate conversion with selective binding to a molecularly imprinted polymer layer the specificity has been improved. Here we discuss different approaches of biosensors based on CYP, microperoxidases and catalytically active MIPs and discuss their potential as recognition elements in biosensors. The performance of these sensors and their further development are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tea aroma is one of the most important factors affecting the character and quality of tea. Recent advances in methods and instruments for separating and identifying volatile compounds have led to intensive investigations of volatile compounds in tea. These studies have resulted in a number of insightful and useful discoveries. Here we summarize the recent investigations into tea volatile compounds: the volatile compounds in tea products; the metabolic pathways of volatile formation in tea plants and the glycosidically-bound volatile compounds in tea; and the techniques used for studying such compounds. Finally, we discuss practical applications for the improvement of aroma and flavor quality in teas. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Dyslexic children are known to be slower than normal readers in rapid automatized naming (RAN). This suggests that dyslexics encounter local processing difficulties, which presumably induce a narrower perceptual span. Consequently, dyslexics should suffer less than normal readers from removing parafoveal preview. Here we used a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm in a RAN task to experimentally test this prediction. Results indicate that dyslexics extract less parafoveal information than control children. We propose that more attentional resources are recruited to the foveal processing because of dyslexics' less automatized translation of visual symbols into phonological output, thereby causing a reduction of the perceptual span. This in turn leads to less efficient preactivation of parafoveal information and, hence, more difficulty in processing the next foveal item.
Badlands have long been considered as model landscapes due to their perceived close relationship between form and process. The often intense features of erosion have also attracted many geomorphologists because the associated high rates of erosion appeared to offer the opportunity for studying surface processes and the resulting forms. Recently, the perceived simplicity of badlands has been questioned because the expected relationships between driving forces for erosion and the resulting sediment yield could not be observed. Further, a high variability in erosion and sediment yield has been observed across scales. Finally, denudation based on currently observed erosion rates would have lead to the destruction of most badlands a long time ago. While the perceived simplicity of badlands has sparked a disproportional (compared to the land surface they cover) amount of research, our increasing amount of information has not necessarily increased our understanding of badlands in equal terms. Overall, badlands appear to be more complex than initially assumed. In this paper, we review 40 years of research in the Zin Valley Badlands in Israel to reconcile some of the conflicting results observed there and develop a perspective on the function of badlands as model landscapes. While the data collected in the Zin Valley clearly confirm that spatial and temporal patterns of geomorphic processes and their interaction with topography and surface properties have to be understood, we still conclude that the process of realizing complexity in the "simple" badlands has a model function both for our understanding as well as perspective on all landscape systems.
In this paper, we report on in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of topographical changes in azobenzene-containing photosensitive polymer films that are irradiated with light interference patterns. We have developed an experimental setup consisting of an AFM combined with two-beam interferometry that permits us to switch between different polarization states of the two interfering beams while scanning the illuminated area of the polymer film, acquiring corresponding changes in topography in-situ. This way, we are able to analyze how the change in topography is related to the variation of the electrical field vector within the interference pattern. It is for the first time that with a rather simple experimental approach a rigorous assignment can be achieved. By performing in-situ measurements we found that for a certain polarization combination of two interfering beams [namely for the SP (a dagger center dot, a dagger") polarization pattern] the topography forms surface relief grating with only half the period of the interference patterns. Exploiting this phenomenon we are able to fabricate surface relief structures with characteristic features measuring only 140 nm, by using far field optics with a wavelength of 491 nm. We believe that this relatively simple method could be extremely valuable to, for instance, produce structural features below the diffraction limit at high-throughput, and this could significantly contribute to the search of new fabrication strategies in electronics and photonics industry.
When photosensitive azobenzene-containing polymer films are irradiated with light interference patterns, topographic variations in the film develop that follow the local distribution of the electric field vector. The exact correspondence of e.g., the vector orientation in relation to the presence of local topographic minima or maxima is in general difficult to determine. Here, we report on a systematic procedure how this can be accomplished. For this, we devise a new set-up combining an atomic force microscope and two-beam interferometry. With this set-up, it is possible to track the topography change in-situ, while at the same time changing polarization and phase of the impinging interference pattern. This is the first time that an absolute correspondence between the local distribution of electric field vectors and the local topography of the relief grating could be established exhaustively. Our setup does not require a complex mathematical post-processing and its simplicity renders it interesting for characterizing photosensitive polymer films in general.
The interface between thin films of metal and polymer materials play a significant role in modern flexible microelectronics viz., metal contacts on polymer substrates, printed electronics and prosthetic devices. The major emphasis in metal polymer interface is on studying how the externally applied stress in the polymer substrate leads to the deformation and cracks in metal film and vice versa. Usually, the deformation process involves strains varying over large lateral dimensions because of excessive stress at local imperfections. Here we show that the seemingly random phenomena at macroscopic scales can be rendered rather controllable at submicrometer length scales. Recently, we have created a metal polymer interface system with strains varying over periods of several hundred nanometers. This was achieved by exploiting the formation of surface relief grating (SRG) within the azobenzene containing photosensitive polymer film upon irradiation with light interference pattern. Up to a thickness of 60 nm, the adsorbed metal film adapts neatly to the forming relief, until it ultimately ruptures into an array of stripes by formation of highly regular and uniform cracks along the maxima and minima of the polymer topography. This surprising phenomenon has far-reaching implications. This is the first time a direct probe is available to estimate the forces emerging in SRG formation in glassy polymers. Furthermore, crack formation in thin metal films can be studied literally in slow motion, which could lead to substantial improvements in the design process of flexible electronics. Finally, cracks are produced uniformly and at high density, contrary to common sense. This could offer new strategies for precise nanofabrication procedures mechanical in character.
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) plays a critical role in a number of key physiological and pathological processes. Investigation of electron-transfer reactions in NOS would contribute to a better understanding of the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis mechanism. Herein, we describe an electrochemically driven catalytic strategy, using a nanocomposite that consisted of the oxygenase domain of neuronal NOS (D290nNOSoxy), indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopartides and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Fast direct electron transfer between electrodes and D290nNOSoxy was observed with the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k(er)) of 154.8 +/- 0.1 s(-1) at the scan rate of 5 V s(-1). Moreover, the substrate IV-hydroxy-L-arginine (NHA) was used to prove the concept of electrochemically driven biocatalysis of D290nNOSoxy. In the presence of the oxygen cosubstrate and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor, the addition of NHA caused the decreases of both oxidation current at + 0.1 V and reduction current at potentials ranging from -0.149 V to -0.549 V vs Ag/AgCl. Thereafter, a series of control experiments such as in the absence of BH4 or D290nNOSoxy were performed. All the results demonstrated that D290nNOSoxy biocatalysis was successfully driven by electrodes in the presence of BH4 and oxygen. This novel bioelectronic system showed potential for further investigation of NOS and biosensor applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Task demands and individual differences have been linked reliably to word skipping during reading. Such differences in fixation probability may imply a selection effect for multivariate analyses of eye-movement corpora if selection effects correlate with word properties of skipped words. For example, with fewer fixations on short and highly frequent words the power to detect parafoveal-on-foveal effects is reduced. We demonstrate that increasing the fixation probability on function words with a manipulation of the expected difficulty and frequency of questions reduces an age difference in skipping probability (i.e., old adults become comparable to young adults) and helps to uncover significant parafoveal-on-foveal effects in this group of old adults. We discuss implications for the comparison of results of eye-movement research based on multivariate analysis of corpus data with those from display-contingent manipulations of target words.
Background: The use of psychoactive substances to neuroenhance cognitive performance is prevalent. Neuroenhancement (NE) in everyday life and doping in sport might rest on similar attitudinal representations, and both behaviors can be theoretically modeled by comparable means-to-end relations (substance-performance). A behavioral (not substance-based) definition of NE is proposed, with assumed functionality as its core component. It is empirically tested whether different NE variants (lifestyle drug, prescription drug, and illicit substance) can be regressed to school stressors.
Findings: Participants were 519 students (25.8 +/- 8.4 years old, 73.1% female). Logistic regressions indicate that a modified doping attitude scale can predict all three NE variants. Multiple NE substance abuse was frequent. Overwhelming demands in school were associated with lifestyle and prescription drug NE.
Conclusions: Researchers should be sensitive for probable structural similarities between enhancement in everyday life and sport and systematically explore where findings from one domain can be adapted for the other. Policy makers should be aware that students might misperceive NE as an acceptable means of coping with stress in school, and help to form societal sensitivity for the topic of NE among our younger ones in general.
Background: Neuroenhancement (NE), the use of psychoactive substances in order to enhance a healthy individual's cognitive functioning from a proficient to an even higher level, is prevalent in student populations. According to the strength model of self-control, people fail to self-regulate and fall back on their dominant behavioral response when finite self-control resources are depleted. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that ego-depletion will prevent students who are unfamiliar with NE from trying it.
Findings: 130 undergraduates, who denied having tried NE before (43% female, mean age = 22.76 +/- 4.15 years old), were randomly assigned to either an ego-depletion or a control condition. The dependent variable was taking an "energy-stick" (a legal nutritional supplement, containing low doses of caffeine, taurine and vitamin B), offered as a potential means of enhancing performance on the bogus concentration task that followed. Logistic regression analysis showed that ego-depleted participants were three times less likely to take the substance, OR = 0.37, p = .01.
Conclusion: This experiment found that trying NE for the first time was more likely if an individual's cognitive capacities were not depleted. This means that mental exhaustion is not predictive for NE in students for whom NE is not the dominant response. Trying NE for the first time is therefore more likely to occur as a thoughtful attempt at self-regulation than as an automatic behavioral response in stressful situations. We therefore recommend targeting interventions at this inter-individual difference. Students without previous reinforcing NE experience should be provided with information about the possible negative health outcomes of NE. Reconfiguring structural aspects in the academic environment (e.g. lessening workloads) might help to deter current users.
Poststroke spasticity (PSS)-related disability is emerging as a significant health issue for stroke survivors. There is a need for predictors and early identification of PSS in order to minimize complications and maladaptation from spasticity. Reviewing the literature on stroke and upper motor neuron syndrome, spasticity, contracture, and increased muscle tone measured with the Modified Ashworth Scale and the Tone Assessment Scale provided data on the dynamic time course of PSS. Prevalence estimates of PSS were highly variable, ranging from 4% to 42.6%, with the prevalence of disabling spasticity ranging from 2% to 13%. Data on phases of the PSS continuum revealed evidence of PSS in 4% to 27% of those in the early time course (1-4 weeks poststroke), 19% to 26.7% of those in the postacute phase (1-3 months poststroke), and 17% to 42.6% of those in the chronic phase (>3 months poststroke). Data also identified key risk factors associated with the development of spasticity, including lower Barthel Index scores, severe degree of paresis, stroke-related pain, and sensory deficits. Although such indices could be regarded as predictors of PSS and thus enable early identification and treatment, the different measures of PSS used in those studies limit the strength of the findings. To optimize evaluation in the different phases of care, the best possible assessment of PSS would make use of a combination of indicators for clinical impairment, motor performance, activity level, quality of life, and patient-reported outcome measures. Applying these recommended measures, as well as increasing our knowledge of the physiologic predictors of PSS, will enable us to perform clinical and epidemiologic studies that will facilitate identification and early, multimodal treatment.
Vorwort
(2013)
Sansibar und der Klimawandel
(2013)
Tetrahalidocuprat(II)-komplexe : Untersuchungen zur Relation von Struktur- und EPR-Parametern
(2013)
Films are nanoscopic elements of foams, emulsions, and suspensions that form a paradigm for nanochannel transport that eventually tests the limits of hydrodynamic descriptions. Here, we study the collapse of a freestanding film to its equilibrium. The generation of nanoscale films usually is a slow linear process; using thermal forcing we find unprecedented dynamics with exponentially fast thinning. The complex interplay of thermal convection, interface, and gravitational forces yields optimal turbulent mixing and transport. Domains of collapsed film are generated, elongated, and convected in a beautiful display of chaotic mixing. With a time scale analysis, we identify mixing as the dominant dynamical process responsible for exponential thinning. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.094501
Thin liquid films serve as the paradigms of atmospheric convection, thermal convection in the Earth’s mantle or turbulence in magnetohydrodynamics, thereby connecting with typical systems exhibiting turbulent mixing. In addition, recent research on colloids, interfaces and nanofluids led to advances in the development of micro-mixers (lab-on-a-chip devices). By the thermal forcing of a film, one can reach Rayleigh numbers in the turbulent regime, such that the experiment may serve as a prototype of a mixer on the basis of thermally induced turbulence in free-standing thin liquid films with thicknesses in the nanometer range. Here, the specific experimental results of a setup with a focus on the mixing statistics of a thermally driven two-dimensional thin film are presented. Our setup allows us to capture thin film interference patterns under controlled surface and atmospheric conditions. The convection is realized by placing a cooled copper rod in the center of the film. The temperature gradient between the rod and the atmosphere results in a density gradient in the liquid film, so that the varying buoyancy induces turbulent motion. The flow field is characterized by a newly developed algorithm-color imaging velocimetry (CIV). This analysis determines not only the velocity, but also the full deformation tensor in the Lagrangian frame. On the basis of these insights, the flow in the experiment was investigated with respect to its mixing properties: we calculated the mixing efficiency and entropy of the flow scheme to sufficiently high accuracy.
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a long-established model organism for studies on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism-related physiology. Under conditions of air-level carbon dioxide concentration [CO2], a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) is induced to facilitate cellular carbon uptake. CCM increases the availability of carbon dioxide at the site of cellular carbon fixation. To improve our understanding of the transcriptional control of the CCM, we employed FAIRE-seq (formaldehyde-assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements, followed by deep sequencing) to determine nucleosome-depleted chromatin regions of algal cells subjected to carbon deprivation. Our FAIRE data recapitulated the positions of known regulatory elements in the promoter of the periplasmic carbonic anhydrase (Cah1) gene, which is upregulated during CCM induction, and revealed new candidate regulatory elements at a genome-wide scale. In addition, time series expression patterns of 130 transcription factor (TF) and transcription regulator (TR) genes were obtained for cells cultured under photoautotrophic condition and subjected to a shift from high to low [CO2]. Groups of co-expressed genes were identified and a putative directed gene-regulatory network underlying the CCM was reconstructed from the gene expression data using the recently developed IOTA (inner composition alignment) method. Among the candidate regulatory genes, two members of the MYB-related TF family, Lcr1 (Low-CO2 response regulator 1) and Lcr2 (Low-CO2 response regulator 2), may play an important role in down-regulating the expression of a particular set of TF and TR genes in response to low [CO2]. The results obtained provide new insights into the transcriptional control of the CCM and revealed more than 60 new candidate regulatory genes. Deep sequencing of nucleosome-depleted genomic regions indicated the presence of new, previously unknown regulatory elements in the C. reinhardtii genome. Our work can serve as a basis for future functional studies of transcriptional regulator genes and genomic regulatory elements in Chlamydomonas.
Temperate forest soils of central Europe are regarded as important pools for soil organic carbon (SOC) and thought to have a high potential for carbon (C) sequestration. However, comprehensive data on total SOC storage, particularly under different forest types, and its drivers is limited. In this study, we analyzed a forest data set of 596 completely sampled soil profiles down to the parent material or to a depth of 1 m within Bavaria in southeast Germany in order to determine representative SOC stocks under different forest types in central Europe and the impact of different environmental parameters. We calculated a total median SOC stock of 9.8 kg m(-2) which is considerably lower compared with many other inventories within central Europe that used modelled instead of measured soil properties. Statistical analyses revealed climate as controlling parameter for the storage of SOC with increasing stocks in cool, humid mountainous regions and a strong decrease in areas with higher temperatures. No significant differences of total SOC storage were found between broadleaf, coniferous and mixed forests. However, coniferous forests stored around 35% of total SOC in the labile organic layer that is prone to human disturbance, forest fires and rising temperatures. In contrast, mixed and broadleaf forests stored the major part of SOC in the mineral soil. Moreover, these two forest types showed unchanged or even slightly increased mineral SOC stocks with higher temperatures, whereas SOC stocks in mineral soils under coniferous forest were distinctly lower. We conclude that mixed and broadleaf forests are more advantageous for C sequestration than coniferous forests. An intensified incorporation of broadleaf species in extent coniferous forests of Bavaria would prevent substantial SOC losses as a result of rising temperatures in the course of climate change.
Agricultural soils have a high potential for sequestration of atmospheric carbon due to their volume and several promising management options. However, there is a remarkable lack of information about the status quo of organic carbon in agricultural soils. In this study a comprehensive data set of 384 cropland soils and 333 grassland soils within the state of Bavaria in southeast Germany was analyzed in order to provide representative information on total amount, regional distribution and driving parameters of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in agricultural soils of central Europe. The results showed that grassland soils stored higher amounts of SOC (11.8 kg m(-2)) and N (0.92 kg m(-2)) than cropland soils (9.0 and 0.66 kg m(-2), respectively) due to moisture-induced accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) in B horizons. Surprisingly, no distinct differences were found for the A horizons since tillage led to a relocation of SOM with depth in cropland soils. Statistical analyses of driving factors for SOM storage revealed soil moisture, represented by the topographic wetness index (TWI), as the most important parameter for both cropland and grassland soils. Climate effects (mean annual temperature and precipitation) were of minor importance in agricultural soils because management options counteracted them to a certain extent, particularly in cropland soils. The distribution of SOC and N stocks within Bavaria based on agricultural regions confirmed the importance of soil moisture since the highest cropland SOC and N stocks were found for tertiary hills and loess regions, which exhibited large areas with potentially high soil moisture content in extant floodplains. Grassland soils showed the highest accumulation of SOC and N in the Alps and Pre-Alps as a result of low temperatures, high amounts of precipitation and high soil moisture content in areas of glacial denudation. Soil class was identified as a further driving parameter for SOC and N storage in cropland soils. In total, cropland and grassland soils in Bavaria store 242 and 134 Mt SOC as well as 19 and 12 Mt N down to a soil depth of 1 m or the parent material, respectively.
Deep into the second half of the twentieth century the traditionalist definition of India as a country of villages remained dominant in official political rhetoric as well as cultural production. In the past two decades or so, this ruralist paradigm has been effectively superseded by a metropolitan imaginary in which the modern, globalised megacity increasingly functions as representative of India as a whole. Has the village, then, entirely vanished from the cultural imaginary in contemporary India? Addressing economic practices from upper-class consumerism to working-class family support strategies, this paper attempts to trace how 'the village' resurfaces or survives as a cultural reference point in the midst of the urban.
Gleichheit
(2013)
The rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli is an essential property of many motile eukaryotic cells. Here, we report evidence that the actin machinery of chemotactic Dictyostelium cells operates close to an oscillatory instability. When averaging the actin response of many cells to a short pulse of the chemoattractant cAMP, we observed a transient accumulation of cortical actin reminiscent of a damped oscillation. At the single-cell level, however, the response dynamics ranged from short, strongly damped responses to slowly decaying, weakly damped oscillations. Furthermore, in a small subpopulation, we observed self-sustained oscillations in the cortical F-actin concentration. To substantiate that an oscillatory mechanism governs the actin dynamics in these cells, we systematically exposed a large number of cells to periodic pulse trains of different frequencies. Our results indicate a resonance peak at a stimulation period of around 20 s. We propose a delayed feedback model that explains our experimental findings based on a time-delay in the regulatory network of the actin system. To test the model, we performed stimulation experiments with cells that express GFP-tagged fusion proteins of Coronin and actin-interacting protein 1, as well as knockout mutants that lack Coronin and actin-interacting protein 1. These actin-binding proteins enhance the disassembly of actin filaments and thus allow us to estimate the delay time in the regulatory feedback loop. Based on this independent estimate, our model predicts an intrinsic period of 20 s, which agrees with the resonance observed in our periodic stimulation experiments.
An asymmetric variant of the dehydro-Diels-Alder (DDA) reaction has been developed and applied in the atropselective synthesis of various (1,5)naphthalenophanes. Whereas the suitability of the photochemically induced DDA (PDDA) was limited, the thermally induced DDA provided the desired product, depending on the chiral auxiliary used and the length of the linker, with nearly perfect stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the mechanism of the DDA was investigated by means of DFT calculations, and a stepwise mechanism involving 1,4-biradicals was suggested.
Various 1,6- and 1,8-naphthalenophanes were synthesized by using the Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction of bis-ynones. These compounds are easily accessible from omega-(3-iodophenyl)carboxylic acids in three steps. The obtained naphthalenophanes are axially chiral and the activation barrier for the atropisomerization could be determined in some cases by means of dynamic NMR (DNMR) and/or dynamic HPLC (DHPLC) experiments.
Global commons form a comparatively new part of international law, since the term appeared in international discussions and codifications only in the second half of the 20th century. The Common Heritage of Mankind is the corresponding legal principle that can establish an international regime to determine the legal status of non-sovereign territories and to allocate exploitation rights. Its main aim is to balance competing national claims by emphasising mankind’s common interest in the preservation and controlled exploitation of natural re-
sources. Against this background, the chapter sheds a critical light on attempts to transfer the institute of the Common Heritage of Mankind to the sphere of communication. Taking debates revolving around the New World Information and Communication Order in the framework of UNESCO since the late 1970s as a starting point, the author analyses the pitfalls and limits of attempts to establish governance structures for a global information order, including recent attempts to govern the internet.
We investigated the morphology, phylogeny of the 18S rDNA, and pH response of Oxytricha acidotolerans sp. nov. and Urosomoida sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) isolated from two chemically similar acid mining lakes (pH similar to 2.6) located at Langau, Austria, and in Lusatia, Germany. Oxytricha acidotolerans sp. nov. from Langau has 18 frontal-ventral-transverse cirri but a very indistinct kinety 3 fragmentation so that the assignment to Oxytricha is uncertain. The somewhat smaller species from Lusatia has a highly variable cirral pattern and the dorsal kineties arranged in the Urosomoida pattern and is, therefore, preliminary designated as Urosomoida sp. The pH response was measured as ciliate growth rates in laboratory experiments at pH ranging from 2.5 to 7.0. Our hypothesis was that the shape of the pH reaction norm would not differ between these closely related (3% difference in their SSU rDNA) species. Results revealed a broad pH niche for O. acidotolerans, with growth rates peaking at moderately acidic conditions (pH 5.2). Cyst formation was positively and linearly related to pH. Urosomoida sp. was more sensitive to pH and did not survive at circumneutral pH. Accordingly, we reject our hypothesis that similar habitats would harbour ciliate species with virtually identical pH reaction norm.
Multiple environmental stressors confine the ecological niche of the rotifer Cephalodella acidophila
(2013)
1The planktonic food web in extremely acidic mining lakes is restricted to a few species that are either acidophilic or acidotolerant. Common metazoans inhabiting acidic mining lakes with a pH below 3 include rotifers in the genera Cephalodella and Elosa. 2The life history response of Cephalodella acidophila to three environmental key factors, pH (2, 3.5, 5.0 and 7.0), temperature (10, 17.5 and 25 degrees C) and food concentration (10000, 35000 and 50000algal cells per mL), was investigated in a full factorial design using life-table experiments. 3The effect of each of the three environmental variables investigated on the rotifer life cycle parameters (life span, fecundity and population growth rate) differed. C.acidophila is a stenoecious species with a pH optimum in the range 34 and a comparably high food threshold. Combining the laboratory results with field data, we conclude that C.acidophila is severely growth limited in its natural habitat. However, low pH alone is not harmful as long as temperatures are moderate to warm and food is abundant. 4The population of C.acidophila in the field is maintained mainly due to release from competitors and predators.
Bekenntnisse
(2013)
The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the amount of inter-speaker variability in the articulation of monozygotic twin pairs (MZ), dizygotic twin pairs (DZ), and pairs of unrelated twins with the goal of examining in greater depth the influence of physiology on articulation. Physiological parameters are assumed to be very similar in MZ twin pairs in contrast to DZ twin pairs or unrelated speakers, and it is hypothesized that the speaker specific shape of articulatory looping trajectories of the tongue is at least partly dependent on biomechanical properties and the speaker's individual physiology. By means of electromagnetic articulography (EMA), inter-speaker variability in the looping trajectories of the tongue back during /VCV/ sequences is analyzed. Results reveal similar looping patterns within MZ twin pairs but in DZ pairs differences in the shape of the loop, the direction of the upward and downward movement, and the amount of horizontal sliding movement at the palate are found.
Previously, [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1,3]benzodioxole (DBD)-based fluorophores used as highly sensitive fluorescence lifetime probes reporting on their microenvironmental polarity have been described. Now, a new generation of DBD dyes has been developed. Although they are still sensitive to polarity, in contrast to the former DBD dyes, they have extraordinary spectroscopic properties even in aqueous surroundings. They are characterized by long fluorescence lifetimes (10-20ns), large Stokes shifts (approximate to 100nm), high photostabilities, and high quantum yields (>0.56). Here, the spectroscopic properties and synthesis of functionalized derivatives for labeling biological targets are described. Furthermore, thio-reactive maleimido derivatives of both DBD generations show strong intramolecular fluorescence quenching. This mechanism has been investigated and is found to undergo a photoelectron transfer (PET) process. After reaction with a thiol group, this fluorescence quenching is prevented, indicating successful bonding. Being sensitive to their environmental polarity, these compounds have been used as powerful fluorescence lifetime probes for the investigation of conformational changes in the maltose ATP-binding cassette transporter through fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy. The differing tendencies of the fluorescence lifetime change for both DBD dye generations promote their combination as a powerful toolkit for studying microenvironments in proteins.
Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe mit Dioxolobenzodioxol-Grundgerüst: Synthese, Untersuchungen und Anwendungen
(2013)
Developmental senescence is a coordinated physiological process in plants and is critical for nutrient redistribution from senescing leaves to newly formed sink organs, including young leaves and developing seeds. Progress has been made concerning the genes involved and the regulatory networks controlling senescence. The resulting complex metabolome changes during senescence have not been investigated in detail yet. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive profiling of metabolites, including pigments, lipids, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, nutrient ions, and secondary metabolites, and determined approximately 260 metabolites at distinct stages in leaves and siliques during senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This provided an extensive catalog of metabolites and their spatiotemporal cobehavior with progressing senescence. Comparison with silique data provides clues to source-sink relations. Furthermore, we analyzed the metabolite distribution within single leaves along the basipetal sink-source transition trajectory during senescence. Ceramides, lysolipids, aromatic amino acids, branched chain amino acids, and stress-induced amino acids accumulated, and an imbalance of asparagine/aspartate, glutamate/glutamine, and nutrient ions in the tip region of leaves was detected. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal distribution of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was already changed in the presenescent leaves, and glucosinolates, raffinose, and galactinol accumulated in the base region of leaves with preceding senescence. These results are discussed in the context of current models of the metabolic shifts occurring during developmental and environmentally induced senescence. As senescence processes are correlated to crop yield, the metabolome data and the approach provided here can serve as a blueprint for the analysis of traits and conditions linking crop yield and senescence.
Aim In response to environmental changes and to avoid extinction, species may either track suitable environmental conditions or adapt to the modified environment. However, whether and how species adapt to environmental changes remains unclear. By focusing on the realized niche (i.e. the actual space that a species inhabits and the resources it can access as a result of limiting biotic factors present in its habitat), we here examine shifts in the realized-niche width (i.e. ecological amplitude) and position (i.e. ecological optimum) of 26 common and widespread forest understorey plants across their distributional ranges.
Location Temperate forests along a ca. 1800-km-long latitudinal gradient from northern France to central Sweden and Estonia.
Methods We derived species' realized-niche width from a -diversity metric, which increases if the focal species co-occurs with more species. Based on the concept that species' scores in a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) represent the locations of their realized-niche positions, we developed a novel approach to run species-specific DCAs allowing the focal species to shift its realized-niche position along the studied latitudinal gradient while the realized-niche positions of other species were held constant.
Results None of the 26 species maintained both their realized-niche width and position along the latitudinal gradient. Few species (9 of 26: 35%) shifted their realized-niche width, but all shifted their realized-niche position. With increasing latitude, most species (22 of 26: 85%) shifted their realized-niche position for soil nutrients and pH towards nutrient-poorer and more acidic soils.
Main conclusions Forest understorey plants shifted their realized niche along the latitudinal gradient, suggesting local adaptation and/or plasticity. This macroecological pattern casts doubt on the idea that the realized niche is stable in space and time, which is a key assumption of species distribution models used to predict the future of biodiversity, hence raising concern about predicted extinction rates.
The Respiratory Arsenite Oxidase: Structure and the Role of Residues
Surrounding the Rieske Cluster
(2013)
The arsenite oxidase (Aio) from the facultative autotrophic Alphaproteobacterium Rhizobium sp. NT-26 is a bioenergetic enzyme involved in the oxidation of arsenite to arsenate. The enzyme from the distantly related heterotroph, Alcaligenes faecalis, which is thought to oxidise arsenite for detoxification, consists of a large alpha subunit (AioA) with bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide at its active site and a 3Fe-4S cluster, and a small beta subunit (AioB) which contains a Rieske 2Fe-2S cluster. The successful heterologous expression of the NT-26 Aio in Escherichia coli has resulted in the solution of its crystal structure. The NT-26 Aio, a heterotetramer, shares high overall similarity to the heterodimeric arsenite oxidase from A. faecalis but there are striking differences in the structure surrounding the Rieske 2Fe-2S cluster which we demonstrate explains the difference in the observed redox potentials (+225 mV vs. +130/160 mV, respectively). A combination of site-directed mutagenesis and electron paramagnetic resonance was used to explore the differences observed in the structure and redox properties of the Rieske cluster. In the NT-26 AioB the substitution of a serine (S126 in NT-26) for a threonine as in the A. faecalis AioB explains a -20 mV decrease in redox potential. The disulphide bridge in the A. faecalis AioB which is conserved in other betaproteobacterial AioB subunits and the Rieske subunit of the cytochrome bc(1) complex is absent in the NT-26 AioB subunit. The introduction of a disulphide bridge had no effect on Aio activity or protein stability but resulted in a decrease in the redox potential of the cluster. These results are in conflict with previous data on the betaproteobacterial AioB subunit and the Rieske of the bc(1) complex where removal of the disulphide bridge had no effect on the redox potential of the former but a decrease in cluster stability was observed in the latter.