Refine
Year of publication
- 2024 (23)
- 2023 (94)
- 2022 (324)
- 2021 (212)
- 2020 (250)
- 2019 (352)
- 2018 (326)
- 2017 (370)
- 2016 (291)
- 2015 (262)
- 2014 (251)
- 2013 (269)
- 2012 (261)
- 2011 (242)
- 2010 (162)
- 2009 (209)
- 2008 (118)
- 2007 (105)
- 2006 (161)
- 2005 (157)
- 2004 (178)
- 2003 (124)
- 2002 (97)
- 2001 (111)
- 2000 (121)
- 1999 (72)
- 1998 (106)
- 1997 (83)
- 1996 (66)
- 1995 (67)
- 1994 (50)
- 1993 (28)
- 1992 (6)
- 1991 (2)
Document Type
- Article (3831)
- Doctoral Thesis (1051)
- Postprint (288)
- Review (128)
- Other (98)
- Conference Proceeding (58)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (50)
- Preprint (20)
- Habilitation Thesis (17)
- Master's Thesis (7)
Keywords
- Arabidopsis thaliana (65)
- climate change (47)
- Arabidopsis (40)
- ancient DNA (31)
- biodiversity (30)
- Dictyostelium (26)
- evolution (25)
- functional traits (23)
- animal personality (22)
- population dynamics (21)
- adaptation (20)
- coexistence (20)
- global change (19)
- phytoplankton (19)
- Evolution (17)
- metabolism (17)
- Climate change (16)
- competition (16)
- metabolomics (16)
- phylogeny (16)
- Klimawandel (15)
- dispersal (15)
- diversity (15)
- gene expression (15)
- Chlamydomonas (14)
- conservation (14)
- cyanobacteria (14)
- food quality (14)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (14)
- starch (14)
- synthetic biology (14)
- temperature (14)
- transcription factor (14)
- Daphnia (13)
- biogeography (13)
- biosensor (13)
- body height (13)
- photosynthesis (13)
- Escherichia coli (12)
- Microsatellites (12)
- centrosome (12)
- epigenetics (12)
- functional diversity (12)
- machine learning (12)
- plasticity (12)
- translation (12)
- zooplankton (12)
- Ökologie (12)
- Biosensor (11)
- Cyanobacteria (11)
- DNA (11)
- DNA methylation (11)
- Germany (11)
- Individual-based model (11)
- ecology (11)
- land use (11)
- microcystin (11)
- protein (11)
- rodents (11)
- transcription factors (11)
- Apis mellifera (10)
- Biodiversity (10)
- Centrosome (10)
- Nitrogen (10)
- Phylogeny (10)
- Serotonin (10)
- abiotic stress (10)
- growth (10)
- heat stress (10)
- microplastics (10)
- molybdenum cofactor (10)
- movement ecology (10)
- phenotypic plasticity (10)
- priming (10)
- salivary gland (10)
- transcriptomics (10)
- Africa (9)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (9)
- Development (9)
- GPS (9)
- Modellierung (9)
- Myodes glareolus (9)
- Photosynthesis (9)
- Transkriptionsfaktoren (9)
- ecosystem services (9)
- freshwater (9)
- gene-expression (9)
- individual-based model (9)
- insect (9)
- lamin (9)
- local adaptation (9)
- metabarcoding (9)
- nutrition (9)
- palaeogenomics (9)
- pollen (9)
- senescence (9)
- species richness (9)
- starch metabolism (9)
- AFLP (8)
- Biodiversität (8)
- Biogeography (8)
- Bombina bombina (8)
- Lepus europaeus (8)
- Photosynthese (8)
- Stoffwechsel (8)
- Systembiologie (8)
- alien species (8)
- antibody (8)
- conservation genetics (8)
- dynamics (8)
- grazing (8)
- landscape of fear (8)
- light pollution (8)
- management (8)
- microsatellites (8)
- microtubules (8)
- migration (8)
- modelling (8)
- phosphorylation (8)
- phylogeography (8)
- systems biology (8)
- Campylomormyrus (7)
- Disturbance (7)
- Ecology (7)
- Gene expression (7)
- LCSM (7)
- Microtubules (7)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (7)
- Molybdenum cofactor (7)
- O-antigen (7)
- Phylogeography (7)
- Siberia (7)
- Starch metabolism (7)
- animal movement (7)
- biofilm (7)
- biogenic amines (7)
- cAMP (7)
- chromatin (7)
- community (7)
- community ecology (7)
- dielectrophoresis (7)
- disturbance (7)
- ecosystem functioning (7)
- fitness (7)
- fluorescence microscopy (7)
- food web (7)
- food webs (7)
- gene flow (7)
- genomics (7)
- giving-up density (7)
- home range (7)
- interactions (7)
- life history (7)
- metabolic networks (7)
- metabolite profiling (7)
- miRNA (7)
- nitrogen deposition (7)
- nucleus (7)
- permafrost (7)
- plankton (7)
- plant diversity (7)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (7)
- protein folding (7)
- regulation (7)
- secular trend (7)
- seed dispersal (7)
- serotonin (7)
- stability (7)
- stable isotopes (7)
- stress (7)
- taxonomy (7)
- Antikörper (6)
- Bewegungsökologie (6)
- Biofilm (6)
- Biogenic amine (6)
- Capsella (6)
- Centrosom (6)
- Chytridiomycota (6)
- Direct electron transfer (6)
- European hare (6)
- Genomics (6)
- HIREC (6)
- Land use (6)
- Metabolism (6)
- Microtus arvalis (6)
- Mitochondria (6)
- Movement ecology (6)
- Obesity (6)
- Poecilia mexicana (6)
- Population genetics (6)
- Seasonality (6)
- Sexual selection (6)
- Zooplankton (6)
- auxin (6)
- biomarker (6)
- biomass (6)
- biomimetic sensors (6)
- community effect (6)
- defense (6)
- dopamine (6)
- ecological modelling (6)
- eicosapentaenoic acid (6)
- forest management (6)
- honeybee (6)
- hybridization (6)
- hybridization capture (6)
- immobilization (6)
- influenza (6)
- introgression (6)
- lake (6)
- mechanobiology (6)
- microbial ecology (6)
- modeling (6)
- mtDNA (6)
- natural products (6)
- next generation sequencing (6)
- nuclear envelope (6)
- nuclear lamina (6)
- phosphorus (6)
- plant (6)
- reactive oxygen species (6)
- salt stress (6)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (6)
- tailspike protein (6)
- transcription (6)
- transcriptome (6)
- urbanization (6)
- wheat (6)
- AC electrokinetics (5)
- ALAN (5)
- Animal personality (5)
- Bacteria (5)
- Baltic Sea (5)
- Biodiversity Exploratories (5)
- Biodiversity exploratories (5)
- Body size (5)
- Community assembly (5)
- Cyanobakterien (5)
- Dielektrophorese (5)
- Electropolymerization (5)
- Ellenberg indicator values (5)
- Eutrophication (5)
- Fire-bellied toad (5)
- Flow cytometry (5)
- Food quality (5)
- Fragmentation (5)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (5)
- GABA (5)
- Growth (5)
- HSFA2 (5)
- Individual-based models (5)
- Insect (5)
- Insekten (5)
- Larix (5)
- Lysiphlebus fabarum (5)
- Metabolomics (5)
- Microcystis aeruginosa (5)
- Mitochondrial DNA (5)
- Moco biosynthesis (5)
- Network clustering (5)
- Nucleus (5)
- Phenotypic plasticity (5)
- Phosphorus (5)
- Phosphorylierung (5)
- Phylogenetics (5)
- Phytoplankton (5)
- RNA (5)
- RNA-Seq (5)
- Salmonella (5)
- Solanum tuberosum (5)
- Southeast Asia (5)
- Speicheldrüse (5)
- Xanthomonas (5)
- activity (5)
- admixture (5)
- agriculture (5)
- allometry (5)
- angiogenesis (5)
- aquatic fungi (5)
- atomic force microscopy (5)
- bacteria (5)
- bacteriophage (5)
- bioinformatics (5)
- biosensors (5)
- calcium (5)
- carbon (5)
- cell wall (5)
- cell-free protein synthesis (5)
- chloroplast (5)
- co-limitation (5)
- community effect on height (5)
- connectivity (5)
- correlation (5)
- crop production (5)
- diffusion (5)
- drought (5)
- ecological speciation (5)
- environmental change (5)
- expression (5)
- extinction (5)
- fatty acid (5)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (5)
- genetic diversity (5)
- height (5)
- herbivory (5)
- heterogeneity (5)
- honey bee (5)
- hydrogen peroxide (5)
- individual differences (5)
- intraspecific trait variation (5)
- iron (5)
- island biogeography (5)
- leaf (5)
- lipids (5)
- lipopolysaccharide (5)
- metabolic engineering (5)
- molecular evolution (5)
- museum specimens (5)
- new species (5)
- nitrogen (5)
- nutrients (5)
- oxidative stress (5)
- peptide (5)
- phenotyping (5)
- plant community (5)
- plant functional trait (5)
- plants (5)
- plasma membrane (5)
- polystyrene (5)
- population (5)
- predator-prey dynamics (5)
- prediction (5)
- protein-protein interaction (5)
- reproduction (5)
- resource competition (5)
- respiration (5)
- root traits (5)
- rotifers (5)
- salicylic acid (5)
- salinity gradient (5)
- sedaDNA (5)
- signal transduction (5)
- simulation (5)
- speciation (5)
- starch phosphorylation (5)
- strategic growth adjustments (5)
- structure (5)
- stunting (5)
- sucrose (5)
- sulfite oxidase (5)
- tRNA (5)
- thaliana (5)
- thermodynamic stability (5)
- trade-offs (5)
- traits (5)
- transcriptional memory (5)
- tyramine (5)
- xanthine dehydrogenase (5)
- zebrafish (5)
- zinc (5)
- ABC transporter (4)
- Ackerschmalwand (4)
- Actin cytoskeleton (4)
- Adaptation (4)
- Amphibia (4)
- Anpassung (4)
- Arctic (4)
- Auxin (4)
- BMI (4)
- Bakteriophagen (4)
- Bioinformatik (4)
- Biomarker (4)
- Biosensors (4)
- Brassicaceae (4)
- CCM (4)
- Ca2+ (4)
- Cell polarity (4)
- Chloroplast (4)
- Coexistence (4)
- Conservation (4)
- DNA metabarcoding (4)
- Datenbank (4)
- Decomposition (4)
- Diabetes (4)
- Diversität (4)
- Dopamin (4)
- E. coli (4)
- Ecotoxicology (4)
- Fertilization (4)
- GPCR (4)
- Genomik (4)
- Global change (4)
- Habitat fragmentation (4)
- Holocene (4)
- Home range (4)
- Hydrogel (4)
- Influenza (4)
- Interspecific interactions (4)
- Israel (4)
- JUB1 (4)
- Koexistenz (4)
- Land-use intensity (4)
- Life history (4)
- Microarray (4)
- Microcystis (4)
- Microplastics (4)
- Mikrofluidik (4)
- Mikrotubuli (4)
- Molybdenum (4)
- Monoclonal antibody (4)
- NE81 (4)
- NGS (4)
- Namibia (4)
- PBPK (4)
- PUFA (4)
- Pflanzen (4)
- Pinus sylvestris (4)
- Pollen (4)
- Population dynamics (4)
- Populationsdynamik (4)
- Protein (4)
- Proteinfaltung (4)
- Proteins (4)
- Proteomics (4)
- Quantitative Trait Locus (4)
- Quantitative Trait Locus analysis (4)
- RNA-seq (4)
- ROS (4)
- Review (4)
- Rodents (4)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (4)
- Salivary gland (4)
- Shrub encroachment (4)
- Solanum lycopersicum (4)
- Solidago gigantea (4)
- Species richness (4)
- Stress (4)
- Tailspike (4)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (4)
- Transkriptomik (4)
- Tyramin (4)
- Virus (4)
- Zellwand (4)
- actin (4)
- agent-based model (4)
- agricultural landscapes (4)
- algae (4)
- allelopathy (4)
- amperometry (4)
- behaviour (4)
- biodiversity exploratories (4)
- biogenic amine (4)
- biological invasions (4)
- biomaterials (4)
- bird migration (4)
- bis-MGD (4)
- bryophytes (4)
- cancer (4)
- carbohydrates (4)
- carbon cycling (4)
- cellulose (4)
- cholesterol (4)
- circadian clock (4)
- confocal microscopy (4)
- crystal-structure (4)
- cylindrospermopsin (4)
- cytoskeleton (4)
- database (4)
- deep-sea (4)
- development (4)
- diabetes (4)
- diatoms (4)
- dictyostelium (4)
- diversification (4)
- domestication (4)
- drought stress (4)
- ecosystems (4)
- efficient (4)
- electrochemistry (4)
- endophytes (4)
- enzyme catalysis (4)
- enzymes (4)
- eutrophication (4)
- exploratory-behavior (4)
- extremophiles (4)
- fence ecology (4)
- fertilization (4)
- fire (4)
- flower development (4)
- fluctuating light (4)
- foraging (4)
- habitat use (4)
- hantavirus (4)
- heterosis (4)
- heterostyly (4)
- hypoxia (4)
- inflammation (4)
- inheritance (4)
- insects (4)
- inter-individual differences (4)
- interaction (4)
- light variability (4)
- macrophytes (4)
- mathematical modeling (4)
- mathematische Modellierung (4)
- meta-analysis (4)
- metabolic regulation (4)
- metabolites (4)
- methanogenic archaea (4)
- microarray (4)
- mitochondrial DNA (4)
- mitosis (4)
- mobile links (4)
- molecular modeling (4)
- molecular phylogeny (4)
- molybdoenzyme (4)
- monitoring (4)
- monoclonal antibodies (4)
- morphology (4)
- multiple stressors (4)
- network (4)
- networks (4)
- next-generation sequencing (4)
- organ size (4)
- pathogens (4)
- peptides (4)
- personality (4)
- persulfide (4)
- phenology (4)
- phosphate (4)
- phototaxis (4)
- phylogenetic diversity (4)
- plant cell wall (4)
- plant development (4)
- plant functional traits (4)
- plant growth (4)
- plant population and community dynamics (4)
- pollination (4)
- polyadenylation (4)
- population structure (4)
- positive selection (4)
- protein engineering (4)
- protein-protein interactions (4)
- proteins (4)
- random forest (4)
- range shifts (4)
- recombinant inbred line (4)
- regime shift (4)
- resilience (4)
- rice (4)
- rotifer (4)
- school children (4)
- screening (4)
- seasonality (4)
- sediment (4)
- selection (4)
- self-assembly (4)
- space use (4)
- species coexistence (4)
- specific root length (4)
- spectroscopy (4)
- sterols (4)
- stress memory (4)
- supergene (4)
- support vector machine (4)
- surface plasmon resonance (4)
- symbiosis (4)
- synthetische Biologie (4)
- thermodynamische Stabilität (4)
- tomato (4)
- transport (4)
- treeline (4)
- type-III effector (4)
- ungulate (4)
- vascular plants (4)
- vegetation change (4)
- venom (4)
- veterinary cordon fence (4)
- video analysis (4)
- wildlife conservation (4)
- zebularine (4)
- ökologische Modellierung (4)
- 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (3)
- ABCB7 (3)
- Acacia mellifera (3)
- Acer pseudoplatanus (3)
- Aldehyde oxidoreductase (3)
- Allometry (3)
- Amphibians (3)
- Amplicon sequencing (3)
- Antarctica (3)
- Anthropocene (3)
- Antibiotic resistance (3)
- Apoptosis (3)
- Aridity (3)
- Arktis (3)
- Asplanchna brightwellii (3)
- Asteraceae (3)
- Ausbreitung (3)
- Australia (3)
- Auxin transport (3)
- BEEHAVE (3)
- Bacteriophage (3)
- Bakterien (3)
- Behaviour (3)
- Biochemie (3)
- Bioelectrocatalysis (3)
- Biomaterialien (3)
- Brachionus (3)
- Brachypodium hybridum (3)
- Brandenburg (3)
- Brassica napus (3)
- Bucerotidae (3)
- CD spectroscopy (3)
- Calcineurin (3)
- Calcium (3)
- Calliphora (3)
- Calliphora vicina (3)
- Carbon (3)
- Carbon cycling (3)
- Cattle (3)
- Chlamydomonas acidophila (3)
- Chlorella vulgaris (3)
- Chlorophyll (3)
- Cholesterol (3)
- Coadaptation (3)
- Competition (3)
- Cytochrome P450 (3)
- Cytochrome c (3)
- DNA barcoding (3)
- Damage assessment (3)
- Daphnia magna (3)
- Desiccation (3)
- Dielectrophoresis (3)
- Disturbance impacts (3)
- Drought stress (3)
- EDTA (3)
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics (3)
- Electron transfer (3)
- Entwicklung (3)
- Enzyme (3)
- Enzymkinetik (3)
- Epigenetik (3)
- Epithelial tube (3)
- Europe (3)
- Exocrine gland (3)
- Fagus sylvatica (3)
- Felidae (3)
- Fitness (3)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (3)
- Forest management (3)
- Functional diversity (3)
- G protein-coupled receptor (3)
- GPS data (3)
- Genexpression (3)
- Genome assembly (3)
- Germline transmission (3)
- Gewässerökologie (3)
- Grassland (3)
- Grazing (3)
- H2S biosynthesis (3)
- H3K4 methylation (3)
- HIV (3)
- Habitat use (3)
- Heart development (3)
- Honigbiene (3)
- Immunoassay (3)
- India (3)
- Inter-individual differences (3)
- Intraspecific variation (3)
- Invagination (3)
- Invasive species (3)
- LPS (3)
- Lake Stechlin (3)
- Lamin (3)
- Land use intensity (3)
- Large fragment deletion (3)
- Latitudinal gradient (3)
- Leaf senescence (3)
- Limiting similarity (3)
- Limnology (3)
- Livestock (3)
- Local adaptation (3)
- Locally structured standard deviation (3)
- MADS-domain transcription factor (3)
- MHC (3)
- MSAP (3)
- Mars (3)
- Massenspektrometrie (3)
- Mechanotransduction (3)
- Mediterranean Sea (3)
- Metabolic networks (3)
- Metabolit (3)
- Metabolomik (3)
- Microcystin (3)
- Microorganisms (3)
- Microsatellite (3)
- Mikrobiologie (3)
- Mikroplastik (3)
- Mitogenome (3)
- Mitosis (3)
- Modeling (3)
- Molecularly imprinted polymer (3)
- Monoclonal antibodies (3)
- Monte Carlo method (3)
- Mormyridae (3)
- Movement (3)
- Multiplex mutagenesis (3)
- NE Germany (3)
- NMR (3)
- Nahrungsnetze (3)
- Naturschutz (3)
- Naturstoffe (3)
- Nutritional quality (3)
- O-serotyping (3)
- ODBA (3)
- Octopamin (3)
- Orchestia montagui (3)
- Organogenesis (3)
- Outcrossing (3)
- Overweight (3)
- PKA (3)
- Peptid (3)
- Periphyton (3)
- Periplaneta americana (3)
- Phase variation (3)
- Philippine archipelago (3)
- Plankton (3)
- Plant diversity (3)
- Plant functional traits (3)
- Plant functional types (3)
- Plant-soil feedback (3)
- Plants (3)
- Protein complexes (3)
- Pseudomonas syringae (3)
- QTL (3)
- RNA-guided Cas9 (3)
- Regulation (3)
- Reproduction (3)
- Respiration (3)
- Rezeptor (3)
- Rice (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Rotifera (3)
- Rozellomycota (3)
- RubisCO (3)
- SARS-CoV-2 (3)
- SELEX (3)
- SEPE (3)
- Salmonella Typhimurium (3)
- Scenedesmus (3)
- Scopoletin (3)
- Sediment (3)
- Sekundärmetabolite (3)
- Senescence (3)
- Sequence alignment (3)
- Sibirien (3)
- Silene vulgaris (3)
- Solidago canadensis (3)
- Space use (3)
- Species comparison (3)
- Speichel (3)
- Stage-based model (3)
- Standard deviation (3)
- Stärke (3)
- Summer Schools (3)
- Switzerland (3)
- Synthetic biology (3)
- Systems biology (3)
- TMAO reductase (3)
- Tailspike protein (3)
- Taxonomy (3)
- Transcription (3)
- Transcription factor (3)
- Transcription factors (3)
- Transkriptom (3)
- Translation (3)
- Tree allometry (3)
- UV radiation (3)
- Urbanization (3)
- V-ATPase (3)
- Variance (3)
- Wastewater (3)
- Weißstorch (3)
- Zea mays (3)
- Zebrafish (3)
- acid ceramidase (3)
- acid sphingomyelinase (3)
- activation (3)
- aggregation (3)
- amino acids (3)
- analytics (3)
- anatoxin (3)
- animal behaviour (3)
- anthropogenic environment (3)
- anthropometry (3)
- aquatic (3)
- aquatic ecosystems (3)
- archival DNA (3)
- assembly (3)
- autophagy (3)
- auxotrophy (3)
- bacterial O-antigen (3)
- bacterial production (3)
- bats (3)
- behavioral flexibility (3)
- benzaldehyde (3)
- biodiversity conservation (3)
- bioelectrocatalysis (3)
- biophysics (3)
- biosynthesis (3)
- birth weight (3)
- branching (3)
- brassinosteroid (3)
- calcite (3)
- calcium phosphate (3)
- carbohydrate interaction (3)
- cell (3)
- cell adhesion (3)
- cell culture (3)
- cell division (3)
- cells (3)
- cellular bioenergetics (3)
- cellular signalling (3)
- centriole (3)
- chemostat experiments (3)
- child growth (3)
- children (3)
- ciliates (3)
- cis-regulatory evolution (3)
- classical swine fever (3)
- click chemistry (3)
- climate warming (3)
- cockroach (3)
- coiled coil (3)
- common vole (3)
- compensatory dynamics (3)
- competitive growth (3)
- composition (3)
- conscripts (3)
- constraint-based modeling (3)
- consumptive resistance (3)
- costs (3)
- cryptic species (3)
- cyclic AMP (3)
- cytochrome c (3)
- cytosine methylation (3)
- cytosolic tRNA thiolation (3)
- cytotoxicity (3)
- deep biosphere (3)
- demography (3)
- desiccation (3)
- direct electron transfer (3)
- distribution (3)
- division of labor (3)
- echolocation (3)
- eco-evolutionary experience (3)
- eco-evolutionary feedbacks (3)
- ecological stoichiometry (3)
- ecophysiology (3)
- edge effect (3)
- education (3)
- electric fish (3)
- electron transfer (3)
- electrospinning (3)
- endozoochory (3)
- energy expenditure (3)
- enzyme (3)
- ephrin (3)
- epizoochory (3)
- equalizing and stabilizing mechanisms (3)
- evolutionary history (3)
- exposure (3)
- facilitation (3)
- fatty acids (3)
- fitness consequences (3)
- flowering (3)
- forestREplot (3)
- formate dehydrogenase (3)
- fragmentation (3)
- fruit (3)
- functional response (3)
- fungal diversity (3)
- fungi (3)
- gene (3)
- gene duplication (3)
- gene regulation (3)
- gene regulatory network (3)
- genome assembly (3)
- genome scan (3)
- glacial refugia (3)
- glucan (3)
- glycogen (3)
- grain size (3)
- grassland (3)
- growth rate (3)
- habitat loss (3)
- habitat selection (3)
- heat (3)
- heat stress memory (3)
- heterotrophic bacteria (3)
- historical DNA (3)
- honey bees (3)
- hoverflies (3)
- hybridoma (3)
- hydrogel (3)
- hydrogels (3)
- hydrology (3)
- hydroxyapatite (3)
- immunoassay (3)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (3)
- intraspecific variation (3)
- intrinsically disordered proteins (3)
- invasive species (3)
- kernel density estimation (3)
- l-cysteine desulfurase (3)
- lake monitoring (3)
- land-use change (3)
- landscape diversity (3)
- landscape homogenization (3)
- larch (3)
- latitude (3)
- latitudinal gradient (3)
- life-history traits (3)
- light (3)
- light intensity (irradiance) (3)
- light scattering (3)
- lokale Anpassung (3)
- long-distance dispersal (3)
- mAb disposition (3)
- maintenance of functional diversity (3)
- malnutrition (3)
- mammals (3)
- mapping (3)
- marine (3)
- mathematical modelling (3)
- meadow (3)
- memory (3)
- metabolite (3)
- metacommunity (3)
- metagenome (3)
- metagenomics (3)
- methane (3)
- microbial diversity (3)
- microbial interactions (3)
- microbiome (3)
- microfluidics (3)
- mining lakes (3)
- mitigation (3)
- mitochondria (3)
- mitochondrial genome (3)
- mitogenome (3)
- mitogenomes (3)
- model (3)
- molecular dynamics (3)
- monoclonal antibody (3)
- monoklonale Antikörper (3)
- morphogenesis (3)
- morphometrics (3)
- movement (3)
- mowing (3)
- nanoelectrodes (3)
- nanoparticles (3)
- natal dispersal (3)
- natural habitats (3)
- nature conservation (3)
- niche and fitness differences (3)
- niche width (3)
- nitrogen fixation (3)
- nitrogen limitation (3)
- novel ecosystems (3)
- novelty (3)
- nutrient limitation (3)
- nutrient supply (3)
- nutritional ecology (3)
- obesity (3)
- octopamine (3)
- oil palm (3)
- oligomerization (3)
- one-carbon metabolism (3)
- optimal foraging (3)
- pH (3)
- paleoecology (3)
- paleogenetics (3)
- paleogenomics (3)
- parasites (3)
- pathways (3)
- perceived predation risk (3)
- periphyton (3)
- phosphatidylserine (3)
- photosynthetic rate (3)
- physical activity (3)
- phytoplankton communities (3)
- pigment composition (3)
- plant ecology (3)
- plant invasion (3)
- poly(A) polymerase (3)
- polyethylene (3)
- polymer degradation (3)
- population genomics (3)
- population growth rate (3)
- potassium (3)
- potato (3)
- predation risk (3)
- predator-prey (3)
- primary metabolism (3)
- production (3)
- proteasomal degradation (3)
- proteasome (3)
- protein-carbohydrate interactions (3)
- proteomics (3)
- quorum sensing (3)
- rainfall gradient (3)
- range dynamics (3)
- range size (3)
- recognition (3)
- redox (3)
- remote sensing (3)
- reproductive success (3)
- resistance (3)
- resurrection plants (3)
- rodent (3)
- root morphology (3)
- salmonella (3)
- savanna (3)
- scaling (3)
- secondary metabolites (3)
- sediment core (3)
- seed bank (3)
- seed dispersal syndrome (3)
- selective autophagy (3)
- selenium (3)
- serine cycle (3)
- shape-memory polymers (3)
- shoot apical meristem (3)
- short-read mapping (3)
- shotgun sequencing (3)
- skeletal robustness (3)
- small mammals (3)
- sociality (3)
- soil aggregation (3)
- soil organic carbon (3)
- solar powered light-emitting diode (3)
- spatial autocorrelation (3)
- spatially explicit model (3)
- species assembly (3)
- species distribution modelling (3)
- species distribution models (3)
- starch degradation (3)
- starch granule initiation (3)
- starch granule morphology (3)
- starch granule surface (3)
- starch granules (3)
- starch morphology (3)
- starch synthase (3)
- stoichiometry (3)
- stress recovery (3)
- stress response (3)
- stress tolerance (3)
- stress-gradient hypothesis (3)
- structural thermodynamics (3)
- subcellular localization (3)
- sucrose responsiveness (3)
- supersaturated species coexistence (3)
- survival (3)
- synchrony (3)
- syrphids (3)
- systematics (3)
- technical advance (3)
- time series (3)
- top-down control (3)
- trait adaptation (3)
- trait convergence and divergence (3)
- trait variation (3)
- transcript (3)
- transgenerational response (3)
- trnL (3)
- trophic apparatus (3)
- trophic interactions (3)
- tundra (3)
- type specimens (3)
- ubiquitination (3)
- variability (3)
- variation (3)
- virus (3)
- water dikinase (3)
- wetland vegetation (3)
- white stork (3)
- wild bees (3)
- wild boar (3)
- wild mammal species (3)
- winter wheat (3)
- (SEPE) factors (2)
- 2 Different Strains (2)
- A. tenuissima (2)
- ABA (2)
- AC electroosmosis (2)
- AIP1 (2)
- ARL3 (2)
- ATP (2)
- Acer platanoides (2)
- Achlya (2)
- Achlyaceae (2)
- Acoustic-Signals (2)
- Actin (2)
- Adenylyl cyclase (2)
- Adhäsion (2)
- Agentenbasierte Modelle (2)
- Agrarökologie (2)
- Agricultural landscape (2)
- Agricultural landscapes (2)
- Aktivität (2)
- Aldehyde oxidase (2)
- Aldehydoxidase (2)
- Allozymes (2)
- Alternaria (2)
- Alternaria infectoria (2)
- Alternaria toxin sulfates (2)
- Amerikanische Schabe (2)
- Ancient DNA (2)
- Ancient forest (2)
- Animal movement (2)
- Anthropometrie (2)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (2)
- Antioxidant genes (2)
- Antiphospholipid antibody (2)
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (2)
- Anura (2)
- Aphid host (2)
- Aphidius ervi (2)
- Aphis fabae (2)
- Approximate Bayesian Computation (2)
- Aquatic ecosystems (2)
- Aquatic fungi (2)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis) (2)
- Arabidopsis-thaliana (2)
- Archaea (2)
- Arsenic (2)
- Ascomycota (2)
- Asparagales (2)
- Astrocytes (2)
- B lymphocytes (2)
- BEMOVI (2)
- Bayesian inference (2)
- Beneficial mutations (2)
- Beta diversity (2)
- Bewegung (2)
- Biene (2)
- Bildanalyse (2)
- Biofilme (2)
- Biofilms (2)
- Biofuel cell (2)
- Biogene Amine (2)
- Biogenic amines (2)
- Biogeographie (2)
- Biological invasions (2)
- Biologie (2)
- Biomass (2)
- Biomaterial (2)
- Biomimetic sensors (2)
- Biosensoren (2)
- Biosignaturen (2)
- Biosynthesis (2)
- Bis-MGD (2)
- Black Queen Hypothesis (2)
- Blasia (2)
- Blatt (2)
- Blowfly (2)
- Bmp (2)
- Body height (2)
- Body mass index (2)
- Body-Size (2)
- Brachionus fernandoi (2)
- Brachypodium distachyon (2)
- Brachypodium stacei (2)
- Brassica napus L. (2)
- Brassinosteroids (2)
- Bush encroachment (2)
- C. elegans (2)
- CDK5RAP2 (2)
- CLE7 (2)
- CLSM (2)
- CO2 concentrating mechanism (2)
- CO2 reduction (2)
- COR15A (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- CPG Islands (2)
- CYP734A50 (2)
- Caecilians (2)
- Calcium-Imaging (2)
- Calvin cycle (2)
- Camelus dromedarius (2)
- Canopy (2)
- Carabidae (2)
- Carabidae beetles (2)
- Carbon concentrating mechanism (2)
- Carlini Station (2)
- Carnivorous plant (2)
- Caspian Sea (2)
- Cep192 (2)
- Cetaceans (2)
- Chaperone (2)
- Chemosensory genes (2)
- Chemotaxis (2)
- Chew Bahir (2)
- Chiroptera (2)
- Chlorophyceae (2)
- Chloroplasten (2)
- Chondrocytes (2)
- Chromatin (2)
- Clethra arborea (2)
- Clonal growth (2)
- Coexistence mechanisms (2)
- Coherent partition (2)
- Coiled coils (2)
- Colonization (2)
- Common vole (2)
- Communication networks (2)
- Community (2)
- Community ecology (2)
- Composite (2)
- Conifer plantations (2)
- Connectivity (2)
- Conservation genetics (2)
- Convergent Evolution (2)
- Copper (2)
- Corona (2)
- Costa Rica (2)
- Crosstalk (2)
- Crotalus (2)
- Cryptogams (2)
- Cryptomonas (2)
- Cyclotella (2)
- Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (2)
- Cytochrom c (2)
- Cytochrome b (2)
- Cytochrome oxidase I (2)
- Cytosolic heteroglycans (2)
- D statistics (2)
- DATM (2)
- DELLA proteins (2)
- DNA assembly (2)
- DNA cleavage (2)
- DNA ejection (2)
- DNA methylation loss (2)
- DNA modification (2)
- DNA nanostructure (2)
- DNA preservation (2)
- DOC (2)
- DPE2 (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Dehydration tolerance (2)
- Dendritic cells (2)
- Diatoms (2)
- Differential gene expression (2)
- Differenzielle Genexpression (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Digestive enzyme activity (2)
- Directional climate change (2)
- Disease (2)
- Dispersal (2)
- Distribution modelling (2)
- Disturbance indicator (2)
- Diversity (2)
- Domestic animals (2)
- Donovani (2)
- Drosophila melanogaster (2)
- Dwelling Atlantic Mollies (2)
- EHV-1 (2)
- EMS (2)
- ENTH domain proteins (2)
- EPA (2)
- EWPC2019 (2)
- Early Starvation 1 (2)
- East Africa (2)
- Echolocation (2)
- Ecological network (2)
- Ecosystem functioning (2)
- Egg Size (2)
- Einzelmolekülkraftspektroskopie (2)
- Electric organ discharge (2)
- Elektrochemie (2)
- Elephant disturbance (2)
- Emberiza (2)
- Endocardium (2)
- Energy expenditure (2)
- Environmental DNA (2)
- Environmental filtering (2)
- Enzym (2)
- EphA2 (2)
- Epigenetics (2)
- Epitope imprinting (2)
- Epitope mapping (2)
- Ethnobotany (2)
- Eukaryota (2)
- European Multi Lake Survey (2)
- European bats (2)
- Eutrophierung (2)
- Evolutionsbiologie (2)
- FNR (2)
- FTIR spectroscopy (2)
- Facilitation (2)
- Farber disease (2)
- Fatty acids (2)
- FeS cluster (2)
- Feldhase (2)
- Fire (2)
- Fis (2)
- Fitness components (2)
- Flowering time (2)
- Fluorescence (2)
- Fluorescence lifetime (2)
- Folsomia candida (2)
- Foraging (2)
- Formaldehyde assimilation (2)
- Formate dehydrogenase (2)
- Fortbewegung (2)
- Fragmentierung (2)
- Fresh water fish (2)
- FtsH6 (2)
- FtsZ (2)
- Functional ecology (2)
- Fusarium (2)
- G-Protein-gekoppelte-Rezeptoren (2)
- G-protein coupled receptor (2)
- GC content (2)
- GC-MS (2)
- GPI (2)
- GPS tracking (2)
- Gelatin (2)
- Gelatine (2)
- Gene duplication (2)
- Genetic drift (2)
- Genetic variability (2)
- Genetics (2)
- Genomic Mining (2)
- Glioma (2)
- Global environmental change (2)
- Glomosporiaceae (2)
- Glucose (2)
- Glutamate (2)
- Graph partitions (2)
- Grassland management (2)
- Growth selection (2)
- GxE interaction (2)
- Gynogenesis (2)
- HK620 (2)
- HPLC (2)
- HPLC-MS/MS (2)
- HSF (2)
- HSP21 (2)
- HSP90.1 (2)
- Habitat loss (2)
- Hantavirus (2)
- Haplogroups (2)
- Hapten (2)
- Haptene (2)
- HeH-protein (2)
- Hemodynamics (2)
- Herb layer (2)
- Heterosis (2)
- Hill numbers (2)
- Hippo signaling (2)
- Holocene environmental history (2)
- Honeybee (2)
- HopZ1a (2)
- Host-plant quality (2)
- Human sulfite oxidase (2)
- Hybrid speciation (2)
- Hybridoma (2)
- Hybridoma technology (2)
- Hydrogele (2)
- Hydroxyapatite (2)
- Hypopomus-Occidentalis (2)
- Hypoxie (2)
- Hypoxis (2)
- IBD (2)
- IBM (2)
- IC (2)
- ICDP (2)
- IR spectroscopy (2)
- Illumina amplicon sequencing (2)
- Illuminance (2)
- Immobilisierung (2)
- Immobilization (2)
- In vitro immunization (2)
- Infection (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Influenza A virus (2)
- Insects (2)
- Insekt (2)
- Integrative taxonomy (2)
- Intensive care (2)
- Interaktion (2)
- Interdigitated electrodes (2)
- Interference (2)
- Intracellular signalling (2)
- Introgression (2)
- Invasion ecology (2)
- Ionentransport (2)
- Iron toxicity (2)
- Island biogeography (2)
- Isolation (2)
- Isolation by distance (2)
- Japan (2)
- Just so stories (2)
- Kartoffel (2)
- Kernhülle (2)
- Kettle holes (2)
- Kinesin (2)
- Klotho (2)
- Koexpression (2)
- Konnektivität (2)
- Korrelationsanalyse (2)
- Krankheitsökologie (2)
- L-Cysteine desulfurase (2)
- LASSO (2)
- LEM-domain (2)
- LEM-domain protein (2)
- LMA (2)
- Lafora disease (2)
- Lake (2)
- Lake Constance (2)
- Land-use history (2)
- Landscape (2)
- Landscape of fear (2)
- Landschaft der Angst (2)
- Larix cajanderi (2)
- Larix gmelinii (2)
- Late Quaternary vegetation (2)
- Learning (2)
- Leishmania (2)
- Life-History Consequences (2)
- Limitation (2)
- Line immunoassay (2)
- Lipases (2)
- Lipide (2)
- Lipopolysaccharid (2)
- Lipopolysaccharide (2)
- Locally structured correlation (2)
- Long-term change (2)
- MAPK (2)
- MED16 (2)
- Macarorchestia remyi (2)
- Maize (2)
- Management (2)
- Markov cluster algorithm (2)
- Martini force-field (2)
- Mate choice (2)
- Mating system (2)
- Medicago truncatula (2)
- Mediterranean (2)
- Mediterranean grass species (2)
- Meiosis (2)
- Melampyrum pratense (2)
- Membranproteine (2)
- Menarche (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- Metabolismus (2)
- Metabolite (2)
- Metaboliten (2)
- Metabolites (2)
- Metacommunity (2)
- Metagemeinschaften (2)
- Metschnikowia (2)
- Microarrays (2)
- Microbiology (2)
- Microperoxidase-11 (2)
- Microsatellite analysis (2)
- Middle East (2)
- Migration (2)
- Mikroorganismen (2)
- Mikrosatelliten (2)
- Milium effusum (2)
- Mitochondrien (2)
- Mitose (2)
- Mixed mating (2)
- Mixotrophy (2)
- Moa (2)
- Model complexity (2)
- Mojave toxin (2)
- Molekularbiologie (2)
- Molybdoenzymes (2)
- Molybdopterin (2)
- Molybdänkofaktor (2)
- Mormyrid Fish (2)
- Morphogenesis (2)
- Morphology (2)
- Mortality (2)
- Mouse (2)
- Mowing (2)
- MtDNA (2)
- Multi-locus phylogeny (2)
- Multiplex (2)
- Museum collections (2)
- MutMap (2)
- Mutation rate (2)
- Mutator locus (2)
- Mykotoxine (2)
- NAB (2)
- NAC (2)
- NAC transcription factor (2)
- NBR1 (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- NRPS (2)
- NTA (2)
- Nahrungsnetz (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Nanostruktur (2)
- Neolithic period (2)
- Nest predation (2)
- Netzwerke (2)
- New Guinea (2)
- Nighttime illumination (2)
- Nitrat (2)
- Nitrogen deposition (2)
- Nitrogen-limitation hypothesis (2)
- Non-independent mate choice (2)
- Northern Asia (2)
- Norway (2)
- Nostoc (2)
- Nostoc punctiforme (2)
- Nrf2 (2)
- Nutrients (2)
- Nutrition (2)
- Nyctereutes procyonoides (2)
- O-antigen specific phage (2)
- OMICs tools (2)
- Offspring weight (2)
- Omicron (2)
- Ophrys (2)
- Organ Discharge Patterns (2)
- Orthologous Matrix (OMA) Project (2)
- Oryctolagus cuniculus (2)
- Oryza sativa (2)
- Outcrossing rate (2)
- Outdoor enclosure (2)
- Oyster Crassostrea-gigas (2)
- PBS1 (2)
- PC-3 cells (2)
- PCLake (2)
- PCR (2)
- PKS (2)
- PLFA (2)
- Paleogenetics (2)
- Paläoökologie (2)
- Parameter estimation (2)
- Parasit (2)
- Parasitoid wasp (2)
- Partial Little Square (2)
- Paternity analysis (2)
- Pathogen (2)
- Pathway design (2)
- Pattern-oriented modelling (2)
- Patterning (2)
- Permafrost (2)
- Peronosporaceae (2)
- Personality (2)
- Pex1 (2)
- Pex6 (2)
- Pflanze (2)
- Pflanzengemeinschaften (2)
- Pflanzenwachstum (2)
- Pflanzenökologie (2)
- Pharmakologie (2)
- Phosphat (2)
- Phospholipid binding proteins (2)
- Phosphorus limitation (2)
- Phylogenetic analysis (2)
- Phylogenetic-Relationships (2)
- Phylogenie (2)
- Phylogenomics (2)
- Phylogeographie (2)
- Pichia pastoris (2)
- Pipistrellus nathusii (2)
- Planar polarity (2)
- Plant community (2)
- Plant development (2)
- Plant functional groups (2)
- Plant functional trait (2)
- Plant height (2)
- Plasma membrane (2)
- Plastid (2)
- Pleistocene (2)
- Poecili-Mexicana (2)
- Poecilia formosa (2)
- Poecilia latipinna (2)
- Poeciliidae (2)
- Pollimyrus-Isidori (2)
- Pollution (2)
- Polyadenylierung (2)
- Polyelektrolyt-Multischichten (2)
- Polyethylenglykol (2)
- Polysaccharide (2)
- Polyunsaturated Fatty-Acids (2)
- Pond (2)
- Population structure (2)
- Population viability analysis (2)
- Population-Growth (2)
- Positive selection (2)
- Potato (2)
- Precipitation (2)
- Precipitation gradient (2)
- Predator-prey interactions (2)
- Priming (2)
- Primula (2)
- ProDisc Vivo (2)
- Professionswissen (2)
- Progesterone (2)
- Promiscuous enzymes (2)
- Promotor (2)
- Protein expression (2)
- Protein secondary structure (2)
- Protein-Engineering (2)
- Proteinaggregation (2)
- Proteine (2)
- Protein–protein interaction (2)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2)
- Puumala virus seroprevalence (2)
- QTL mapping (2)
- RNA interference (2)
- RNA virus (2)
- RNAseq (2)
- ROF1 (2)
- RP2 (2)
- RPA (2)
- RT-PCR (2)
- Rainfall gradient (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Rangeland management (2)
- Raphidiopsis (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Rearing experiment (2)
- Recombination (2)
- Redox marker (2)
- Redoxreaktion (2)
- Regeneration (2)
- Regression (2)
- Renal function (2)
- Reproduktionserfolg (2)
- Resource Competition (2)
- Resurvey (2)
- Rhizophagus irregularis (2)
- RiPPs (2)
- Ribosome profiling (2)
- Riesenvesikel (2)
- Robustness (2)
- Rodent (2)
- Roridula gorgonias (2)
- Rotifier (2)
- RpoS (2)
- Rubisco (2)
- Russia (2)
- Räuber-Beute (2)
- SAUR (2)
- SEIRA spectroelectrochemistry (2)
- SPB (2)
- SWL (2)
- Sailfin molly (2)
- Sampling rate (2)
- Saprolegnia (2)
- Saprolegniaceae (2)
- Savanna ecology (2)
- Savannas (2)
- Savanne (2)
- Schmalwand <Arabidopsis> (2)
- Schwefel (2)
- Seed mass (2)
- Selection of antibody producing cells (2)
- Selection vs. age-class forests (2)
- Selenium (2)
- Sensitivity analysis (2)
- Sequenzierung (2)
- Sequenzierung der nächsten Generation (2)
- Serine cycle (2)
- Sexual Selection (2)
- Sexual conflict (2)
- Shannon diversity (2)
- Shigella flexneri (2)
- Shotgun sequencing (2)
- Shrews (2)
- Signaling (2)
- Signalling (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Simulationsmodell (2)
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (2)
- Small mammals (2)
- SnRK1 (2)
- Social environment (2)
- Soil (2)
- Soil fertility (2)
- South Africa (2)
- Species co-existence (2)
- Species complex (2)
- Species loss (2)
- Specific wood density (2)
- Stability (2)
- Stable isotopes (2)
- Staphylococcus aureus (2)
- Starch (2)
- Sterols (2)
- Stickstoff (2)
- Strategic growth adjustment (2)
- Störung (2)
- Succession (2)
- Surface plasmon resonance (2)
- Survival (2)
- Sus scrofa (2)
- System (2)
- Systems Biology (2)
- Säugetiere (2)
- TACC (2)
- TIRF (2)
- Talitrids (2)
- Tanzania (2)
- Temperate forest (2)
- Tibetan Plateau (2)
- Toll and Imd pathways (2)
- Tomate (2)
- Tomato (2)
- Toxicity (2)
- Transcriptional memory (2)
- Transcriptome assembly (2)
- Translocation (2)
- Transport (2)
- Triticum aestivum L. (2)
- Trockenstress (2)
- TusA (2)
- Tyrosinase (2)
- Unmanaged vs. managed forests (2)
- Ursus arctos (2)
- VMP1 (2)
- Vegetation change (2)
- Vegetation structure (2)
- Venom proteins (2)
- Verkhoyansk mountains (2)
- Vesikel (2)
- VideoScan technology (2)
- Voles (2)
- Vulnerability (2)
- Vulpes vulpes (2)
- Wachstum (2)
- Walker A motif (2)
- Weakly electric fish (2)
- Weizen (2)
- Wildschwein (2)
- Wind (2)
- Wood specific gravity (2)
- Woody aboveground biomass (2)
- XMRV (2)
- XopJ (2)
- Xpr1 (2)
- Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz) (2)
- Zelladhäsion (2)
- Zellkern (2)
- Zellweger (2)
- Zellweger syndrome spectrum disorder (ZSSD) (2)
- Zootoca vivipara (2)
- Zweizustandsmodell (2)
- Zytoskelett (2)
- aberrations (2)
- accelerometer (2)
- acclimation (2)
- acetylcholinesterase (2)
- acid mine drainage (2)
- acidophile (2)
- acoustic communication (2)
- adaptive introgression (2)
- adaptive management (2)
- adaptive processes (2)
- adaptive radiation (2)
- adhesion (2)
- adolescent growth (2)
- agricultural landscape (2)
- agrin (2)
- agro-infiltration (2)
- agroecology (2)
- aldehyde oxidase (2)
- aldehyde oxidoreductase (2)
- alignment (2)
- alignment sensitivity / specificity (2)
- alkylphospholipids (2)
- allocation (2)
- alphaherpesvirus (2)
- altenuic acid (2)
- altertoxins (2)
- amino acid (2)
- amitriptyline (2)
- amphibians (2)
- amplicon sequencing (2)
- analysis (2)
- animal cognition (2)
- animal migration (2)
- anthropogenic food subsidies (2)
- anti-oxidative response (2)
- antibiotic inactivation (2)
- antibiotic resistance (2)
- antibiotics (2)
- antibody producing cell selection (2)
- anticancer drug (2)
- aphids (2)
- apis mellifera (2)
- apodemus-agrarius (2)
- apoplast (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- aptamers (2)
- aptasensors (2)
- aquaculture (2)
- aqueous-solution (2)
- arabidopsis (2)
- arable land (2)
- arable weeds (2)
- arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (2)
- area-based conservation (2)
- argumentation (2)
- arthropod (2)
- artificial intelligence (2)
- artificial light at night (ALAN) (2)
- artificial transcription factor (2)
- ascorbate peroxidase (2)
- assembly processes (2)
- assessment (2)
- association (2)
- associative learning (2)
- atomic force microscope (2)
- autocorrelation (2)
- autogamy (2)
- automated radio telemetry (2)
- avian personalities (2)
- avirulence (2)
- axillary bud (2)
- baltic sea (2)
- bank vole (2)
- bank voles (2)
- basal body (2)
- batch effect (2)
- behavior (2)
- behavioral plasticity (2)
- behavioral type (2)
- behavioural syndrome (2)
- benthic food web (2)
- beta diversity (2)
- beta-diversity (2)
- bifurcation (2)
- binding (2)
- biocatalysis (2)
- biochemistry (2)
- biodiversity facets (2)
- bioenergetics (2)
- biofilm formation (2)
- biogene Amine (2)
- biological age (2)
- biology (2)
- biomimetic mineralization (2)
- biomimetic recognition elements (2)
- biomineralization (2)
- bioremediation (2)
- biosignatures (2)
- biotic filtering (2)
- biotin sulfoxide reductase (2)
- bistability (2)
- blowfly (2)
- body composition (2)
- body mass (2)
- body mass index (2)
- body proportions (2)
- botanical gardens (2)
- brackish waters (2)
- breeding (2)
- brushite (2)
- buffer zones (2)
- bush encroachment (2)
- butyrylcholinesterase (2)
- caffeine (2)
- calcium carbonate inclusions (2)
- camelid antibody (2)
- camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (2)
- canalization (2)
- cancer therapy (2)
- captivity (2)
- carbon budget (2)
- carbon labeling (2)
- cardiac development (2)
- cardiomyocyte (2)
- cardiomyogenic differentiation (2)
- carrion ecology (2)
- cascading effects (2)
- catalase (2)
- catalysis (2)
- catch-up growth (2)
- cave fish (2)
- cell cycle (2)
- cell shape (2)
- cell signaling (2)
- cellular signaling (2)
- cellulose fibers (2)
- cellulose polymeric organic matter (2)
- cellulose synthase complex (2)
- ceramide (2)
- cereal leaf beetle (2)
- cetaceans (2)
- chaperone (2)
- chemical modification (2)
- chemical sensors (2)
- chimeric transcription factors (2)
- chlamydomonas (2)
- chloroplasts (2)
- chromatin regulation (2)
- chytridiomycota (2)
- cilium (2)
- circular dichroism (2)
- climate adaptation (2)
- climate dynamics (2)
- climate variability (2)
- coat colour (2)
- codon usage (2)
- coefficient (2)
- coevolution (2)
- cold (2)
- cold stress (2)
- collagen (2)
- colon cancer (2)
- colonization (2)
- colony decline (2)
- colony viability (2)
- common‐garden experiment (2)
- community composition (2)
- community model (2)
- community structure (2)
- community theory (2)
- comparative genomics (2)
- competition–defense trade‐off (2)
- composite material (2)
- comprehensive analysis (2)
- computational morphodynamics (2)
- concepts (2)
- conformational change (2)
- conservation biology (2)
- conservation targets (2)
- constitutive activity (2)
- consumer (2)
- consumer diversity (2)
- converting factor (2)
- coping styles (2)
- copper (2)
- cord blood (2)
- cori cycle (2)
- covariance (2)
- coviability analysis (2)
- crop diversity (2)
- cropping system (2)
- cross-species capture (2)
- cryptic species complex (2)
- cryptomycota (2)
- cyanobacterial bloom (2)
- cyanobacterial sucrose-phosphatase (2)
- cyclic voltammetry (2)
- cytokines (2)
- cytokinesis (2)
- cytoplasmic polyadenylation (2)
- cytotype (2)
- dark virus (2)
- data integration (2)
- ddRAD (2)
- de novo genome assembly (2)
- dead Cas9 (2)
- decline (2)
- defense against predation (2)
- degradation (2)
- degraded DNA (2)
- demographic noise (2)
- determinants of plant community diversity and structure (2)
- developing brain (2)
- developmental canalization (2)
- developmental plasticity (2)
- diacylglycerol (2)
- differential expression analysis (2)
- differential gene expression (2)
- direct effects (2)
- disease (2)
- disease ecology (2)
- dispersal filtering (2)
- diversity profiles (2)
- dominance effect (2)
- drug metabolism (2)
- drug release (2)
- dry and mesic grasslands (2)
- dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist (2)
- dynamic equilibrium (2)
- early-warning signals (2)
- eastern continental Asia (2)
- eavesdropping (2)
- eco-physiology (2)
- ecohydrology (2)
- ecological novelty (2)
- ecosystem function (2)
- ecosystem processes (2)
- ecosystem services provisioning (2)
- effect (2)
- effectors (2)
- egg ratio (2)
- elbow breadth (2)
- electron microscopy (2)
- electropolymerisation (2)
- electropolymerization (2)
- endangered species (2)
- endocardium (2)
- endotoxin (2)
- energy budget (2)
- energy metabolism (2)
- enrichment experiments (2)
- environmental DNA (2)
- environmental filtering (2)
- environmental noise (2)
- environmental pollution (2)
- enzymatic MIP synthesis (2)
- enzymatic analyte conversion (2)
- enzymatic inactivation (2)
- enzyme immobilization (2)
- enzyme optimization (2)
- enzyme tracer (2)
- epidemiology (2)
- epigenetic variation (2)
- epithionitrile (2)
- epitope prediction (2)
- error reduction (2)
- essential resources (2)
- establishment (2)
- evolutionary (2)
- evolutionary biology (2)
- evolutionary ecology (2)
- evolutionary rescue (2)
- evolutionary theory (2)
- exendin-4 (2)
- expansion microscopy (2)
- experimental evolution (2)
- exploitation (2)
- exposition (2)
- expression patterns (2)
- expression profile (2)
- extinction debt (2)
- extinction drivers (2)
- extra-cytoplasmic pockets (2)
- extracellular enzymes (2)
- extracellular matrix (2)
- extracellular signaling (2)
- extreme events (2)
- extremophile (2)
- fasciation (2)
- fatty acid changes (2)
- feature selection (2)
- fecundity (2)
- feedbacks (2)
- feeding behaviour (2)
- female choice (2)
- fence interaction (2)
- finite element modeling (2)
- fish (2)
- fisheries (2)
- fitness gradient (2)
- fitness response (2)
- floral scent (2)
- florfenicol (2)
- flow cytometry (2)
- fluktuierendes Licht (2)
- fluorescence (2)
- fluorescence sensor (2)
- food web dynamics (2)
- forage availability (2)
- forage gaps (2)
- foraging behaviour (2)
- forecasting (2)
- forest (2)
- forest herbs (2)
- formaldehyde assimilation (2)
- fractionation factors (2)
- free-living (2)
- freshwater algae (2)
- freshwater heterotrophic bacteria (2)
- functional complementation (2)
- functional richness (2)
- fungal pathogens (2)
- funktionelle Diversität (2)
- galactolipids (2)
- gamma diversity (2)
- gelatin (2)
- gene delivery (2)
- gene regulatory networks (2)
- generalized dissimilarity modelling (2)
- genetic (2)
- genetic accommodation (2)
- genetic differentiation (2)
- genetic engineering (2)
- genetic rescue (2)
- genetic screen (2)
- genetischer Screen (2)
- genomic prediction (2)
- genotype (2)
- genotypes (2)
- geographic distribution (2)
- germination (2)
- gibberellic acid (2)
- glacial maximum (2)
- glucosinolate hydrolysis (2)
- glutathione (2)
- glutathione peroxidase (2)
- glycine cleavage system (2)
- glycobiology (2)
- grapevine (2)
- grasslands (2)
- groundwater (2)
- groundwater recharge (2)
- guard cell (2)
- habitat (2)
- habitat connectivity (2)
- habitat fragmentation (2)
- handgrip strength (2)
- heart regeneration (2)
- heat shock protein (2)
- heavy-chain-only antibody (2)
- heliozoa (2)
- hemoglobin (2)
- herbivore (2)
- hierarchy-of-hypotheses approach (2)
- hilly loes plateau (2)
- histone modification (2)
- holocene (2)
- homeostasis (2)
- hormone (2)
- horse (2)
- host specificity (2)
- hsp70 (2)
- human aldehyde oxidase (2)
- human endotoxemia (2)
- human sulfite oxidase (2)
- human-wildlife conflict (2)
- hybrid capture (2)
- hybridoma technology (2)
- hyperoxia (2)
- hyperthermia (2)
- image analysis (2)
- image processing (2)
- imaging (2)
- immunogenicity (2)
- importin (2)
- in silico (2)
- in vitro (2)
- in vitro immunization (2)
- in vitro particle opening (2)
- in vitro selection (2)
- in-vitro-synthesis (2)
- indirect effects (2)
- indirect facilitation (2)
- individual based modeling (2)
- individual variation (2)
- individual-based modeling (2)
- individual-based modelling (2)
- inducible defense (2)
- industrial farming (2)
- infection (2)
- infiltration (2)
- influenza A virus (2)
- inhibition (2)
- initial site conditions (2)
- inner-mongolia (2)
- inorganic carbon uptake kinetics (2)
- integrative taxonomy (2)
- internal transcribed spacer (2)
- interspecific interactions (2)
- intra-organ-communication (2)
- intraguild predation (2)
- invasibility (2)
- invasion (2)
- invasion success (2)
- invasive (2)
- ion channel (2)
- ion mobility spectrometry (2)
- ion transport (2)
- ionic strength (2)
- iron-sulfur clusters (2)
- island disharmony (2)
- island syndromes (2)
- islands (2)
- jasmonate (2)
- jasmonic acid (2)
- kelp (2)
- lactate (2)
- lake periphyton (2)
- lakes (2)
- land sharing vs. land sparing (2)
- land-use intensity (2)
- landscape generator (2)
- landscape structure (2)
- large herbivores (2)
- large marsh grasshopper (2)
- last glacial maximum (2)
- late pleistocene (2)
- leaf development (2)
- leaf litter (2)
- leaf senescence (2)
- leucine zipper (2)
- lichens (2)
- life cycle (2)
- life‐history traits (2)
- light adaptation (2)
- limits (2)
- lipid classes (2)
- lipid limitation thresholds (2)
- lipid membranes (2)
- lipid metabolism (2)
- lipid rafts (2)
- lipidation (2)
- lipid–lipid interactions (2)
- lipoplexes (2)
- liverwort (2)
- livestock (2)
- locomotion (2)
- longevity (2)
- lysosomal storage disorders (2)
- maintenance (2)
- major histocompatibility complex (2)
- male Daphnia (2)
- male bank voles (2)
- maltooligosaccharides (2)
- mammalian-cells (2)
- many-to-one genotype–phenotype map (2)
- mate-pairs (2)
- maternal aggression (2)
- maternal effects (2)
- maturation (2)
- mechanisms (2)
- mediated delivery (2)
- membrane (2)
- membrane biophysics (2)
- membrane fluidity (2)
- membrane microdomains (2)
- membrane proteins (2)
- membranes (2)
- mesocosm (2)
- mesophyll cell (2)
- mesoporous materials (2)
- messenger-rna polyadenylation (2)
- metabolic (2)
- metabolic network (2)
- metabolic theory (2)
- metabolic-profiling (2)
- metabolische Netzwerke (2)
- metabolomic (2)
- methanogens (2)
- methylotrophy (2)
- microarrays (2)
- microbial communities (2)
- microbial community (2)
- microbiology (2)
- microclimate (2)
- microeukaryotes (2)
- microstructure (2)
- microtiter plate assay (2)
- microtubule-organization (2)
- microviridins (2)
- model integration (2)
- model limitations (2)
- modern coexistence theory (2)
- modified Alternaria toxins (2)
- modularity (2)
- mojave desert (2)
- molecular architecture (2)
- molecular biology (2)
- molecular clock (2)
- molecular dynamics simulations (2)
- molecular phylogenetics (2)
- molecular species identification (2)
- molybdenum (2)
- molybdenum cofactor deficiency (2)
- molybdopterin synthase (2)
- moss (2)
- mouse (2)
- movement speed (2)
- multi-nutrient limitation (2)
- multidiversity (2)
- multidrug resistance (2)
- multivalence (2)
- museomics (2)
- mustelid predation (2)
- mutagenesis (2)
- mutation (2)
- mycotoxin profile (2)
- mycotoxins (2)
- myocardium (2)
- myodes-glareolus (2)
- myrmecochory (2)
- n-alkanes (2)
- n-oxide reductase (2)
- nachhaltige Landnutzung (2)
- nanobodies (2)
- nanostructure (2)
- natural particle (2)
- natural-selection (2)
- naturalized species (2)
- necrobiome (2)
- neophilia (2)
- neophobia (2)
- net primary productivity (2)
- network analysis (2)
- network reconstruction (2)
- neurodegeneration (2)
- neutrality (2)
- neutralization (2)
- new combination (2)
- next generation sequencing (NGS) (2)
- niche partitioning (2)
- niche theory (2)
- nitrile (2)
- nitrous-oxide (2)
- no threshold for stunting (2)
- noise color (2)
- non-breeding (2)
- non-independent mate choice (2)
- non-linear dynamics (2)
- non-predatory mortality (2)
- nonmodel species (2)
- northern peatlands (2)
- novel biomarkers (2)
- novel species (2)
- nuclear pore complex (2)
- nucleic acids (2)
- nucleolus (2)
- nucleoporins (2)
- nucleus-associated body (2)
- null model (2)
- number and brightness (2)
- nutrient (2)
- nutrient cycling (2)
- nutrient spike (2)
- nutrient stoichiometry (2)
- o-phenylenediamine (2)
- ocean acidification (2)
- offspring-defense (2)
- oil yield (2)
- ontogenesis (2)
- ontogeny (2)
- optogenetics (2)
- organ growth (2)
- organic matter (2)
- organisches Material (2)
- osmotic-pressure (2)
- outbreak (2)
- overhunting (2)
- oxidase (2)
- p-Aminophenol (2)
- pace-of-life syndrome (2)
- pacific oyster (2)
- paleoclimate (2)
- paleoenvironmental records (2)
- parallel beta-helix (2)
- parameter estimation (2)
- parameters (2)
- parasitoid (2)
- parentage (2)
- participatory research (2)
- past biosphere (2)
- past land use (2)
- pasture (2)
- pathway engineering (2)
- pectate lyase (2)
- performance (2)
- periplasmic nitrate reductase (2)
- persistence (2)
- personality-traits (2)
- pharmacokinetics (2)
- pharmacology (2)
- phenomics (2)
- phenotypic phase plane (2)
- phloem (2)
- phloem proteins (2)
- phonotaxis (2)
- phosphoglucan (2)
- phosphorylase (2)
- photoresponse (2)
- phylogenomics (2)
- physiology (2)
- phytodiversity (2)
- phytoplankton host (2)
- plant Mediator (2)
- plant adaptation (2)
- plant architecture (2)
- plant communities (2)
- plant functional types (2)
- plant invasions (2)
- plant macrofossil data (2)
- plant naturalization (2)
- plant science (2)
- plant species richness (2)
- plant traits (2)
- plant-plant interactions (2)
- plant-soil (belowground) interactions (2)
- plant–soil feedback (2)
- plasma (2)
- plastic-associated biofilms (2)
- plastid (2)
- plastid transformation (2)
- plastidial phosphorylase (2)
- playback (2)
- podovirus (2)
- point-of-care (2)
- polarization (2)
- pollinator shift (2)
- poly(a)-binding protein (2)
- poly(ether imide) (2)
- polyamide (2)
- polyethylene glycol (2)
- polyglycerol (2)
- polymorphism (2)
- polyploidization (2)
- polysulfide (2)
- population cycles (2)
- population delimitation (2)
- population genetics (2)
- population viability analysis (2)
- populations (2)
- postglacial recolonization (2)
- potassium channel (2)
- potato tuber (2)
- potential-functions (2)
- prairie vole (2)
- precipitation (2)
- predation (2)
- predator (2)
- predator recognition (2)
- predator–prey cycles (2)
- predictive systems ecology (2)
- preterm infants (2)
- principal component analysis (2)
- progenitor cells (2)
- protease inhibitor (2)
- protease inhibitors (2)
- protected area (2)
- protein adsorption (2)
- protein kinase (2)
- protein phosphorylation (2)
- protein structure (2)
- protein-protein (2)
- pubertal timing (2)
- public health (2)
- pulse perturbation (2)
- purifying selection (2)
- pyridoxal-50-phosphate (2)
- pyruvate (2)
- qPCR (2)
- qRT-PCR (2)
- quantum dots (2)
- quasi-permanent plots (2)
- questioning solutions (2)
- rain event depth (2)
- randomization (2)
- rapid evolution (2)
- reaction norms (2)
- receptor (2)
- reciprocal transplant experiment (2)
- recombinant inbred line population (2)
- recombination (2)
- recruitment (2)
- redfield ratio (2)
- redox polymer (2)
- reductive glycine pathway (2)
- reed (2)
- regime shifts (2)
- regression (2)
- regulate gene expression (2)
- relatedness (2)
- repetition (2)
- reproductive strategies (2)
- reptiles (2)
- reserve design (2)
- resource allocation (2)
- resource selection (2)
- resource-tracking (2)
- reveals (2)
- rhodobacter-capsulatus (2)
- ribosome (2)
- ribosome profiling (2)
- risk (2)
- rivastigmine (2)
- robustness (2)
- root hair initiation (2)
- rooting depth (2)
- rural populations (2)
- salamanders (2)
- salicylic-acid (2)
- salinity (2)
- savanna ecology (2)
- scaffolding (2)
- scale-dependency (2)
- scaled mass index (2)
- secular changes (2)
- sedimentation (2)
- seed (2)
- seed provisioning (2)
- self-assembled monolayer (2)
- self-incompatibility (2)
- selfing syndrome (2)
- semi-closed mitosis (2)
- sequencing error (2)
- serotyping (2)
- sexual dimorphism (2)
- sexual reproduction (2)
- sexual selection (2)
- sexual species (2)
- shock proteins (2)
- shrub encroachment (2)
- shrub size (2)
- shrub-encroachment (2)
- signalling (2)
- significance (2)
- silica beads (2)
- silviculture (2)
- single domain antibodies (2)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (2)
- single-molecule force spectroscopy (2)
- sirna transfection (2)
- slope aspect (2)
- smut fungi (2)
- social information (2)
- social status (2)
- social-economic-political-emotional (2)
- socioeconomic status (2)
- socioeconomy (2)
- soil moisture (2)
- soil texture (2)
- solitary bees (2)
- source regions (2)
- source-sink dynamics (2)
- spatial (2)
- spatial distribution (2)
- spatial-distribution (2)
- spatially explicit (2)
- specialized metabolites (2)
- species abundance (2)
- species distribution model (2)
- species diversity (2)
- species interactions (2)
- specificity factor (2)
- specifier proteins (2)
- spectroelectrochemistry (2)
- sphingolipids (2)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (2)
- spindle pole body (2)
- spontaneous reaction (2)
- stable states (2)
- standard metabolic rate (2)
- standard metrics (2)
- starch biosynthesis (2)
- starch granule (2)
- starch granule biogenesis (2)
- starch granule number per chloroplast (2)
- starch granule number regulation (2)
- starch granule size (2)
- starch initiation (2)
- static and dynamic light scattering (2)
- statistical tools (2)
- step selection (2)
- sterol (2)
- stochastic fluctuations (2)
- stopover (2)
- storage (2)
- strategic growth adjustment (2)
- structural equation model (2)
- structural equation modeling (2)
- succession (2)
- succulent karoo (2)
- sugar signalling (2)
- sulfur (2)
- sulfur-bacteria (2)
- sulfurtransferase (2)
- superoxide (2)
- superoxide dismutase (2)
- synchronization (2)
- synthesis (2)
- synthetic circuits (2)
- systematic review (2)
- tail-length (2)
- tailspike (2)
- tailspike proteins (2)
- tamoxifen (2)
- target capture (2)
- target enrichment (2)
- taxonomic (2)
- tbx5 (2)
- telemetry (2)
- telomere dysfunction (2)
- temperature increase (2)
- template digestion (2)
- temporal dynamics (2)
- terrestrial (2)
- testis (2)
- therapeutics (2)
- thermal-stress (2)
- thiocarboxylate (2)
- thionucleosides (2)
- time series analysis (2)
- tissue stiffness (2)
- tissue types (2)
- titin (2)
- tobacco (2)
- tonoplast (2)
- toxicity (2)
- trade-off (2)
- trait diversity (2)
- trait-environment relationship (2)
- transcriptional regulation (2)
- transfer (2)
- transformation (2)
- transgenerational plasticity (2)
- transient dynamics (2)
- transient expression (2)
- transition (2)
- transitory starch (2)
- translational control (2)
- transposable elements (2)
- trehalose 6-phosphate (2)
- trehalose 6‐ phosphate (Tre6P) (2)
- tritrophic food web (2)
- trophic status (2)
- trophic transfer efficiency (2)
- tropical freshwater fish (2)
- tropical maize (2)
- trypanosoma (2)
- two-state model (2)
- tyrosinase (2)
- uPA (2)
- ubiquitin (2)
- undernutrition (2)
- understanding (2)
- ungulates (2)
- urban ecology (2)
- urokinase (2)
- vacuolar H+-ATPase (2)
- variance (2)
- vegetation (2)
- vegetation height (2)
- vegetative growth (2)
- vernalization (2)
- vertebrate scavenger (2)
- viral matrix proteins (2)
- virus assembly (2)
- virus infection (2)
- vitamin E (2)
- volatilome (2)
- vole clethrionomys-glareolus (2)
- voles clethrionomys-glareolus (2)
- voltage-dependent (2)
- voltage-independent (2)
- warburg effect (2)
- weakly electric fish (2)
- weight (2)
- wetlands (2)
- wildlife (2)
- wildlife and habitat management (2)
- wildlife corridors (2)
- wildlife management (2)
- wind energy (2)
- winner and loser species (2)
- winter fish kill (2)
- wood anemone (2)
- zooplankton carcasses (2)
- δ13C (2)
- δ15N (2)
- "Omik"-Technologien (1)
- "Optimal annual routine"-Modell (1)
- (Semi-natural) Grasslands (1)
- (Xeno)Hormone (1)
- (glycogen) starch phosphorylase (1)
- (semi-)permanent plots (1)
- (xeno)hormones (1)
- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1)
- 10-Formyltetrahydrofolat (1)
- 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate (1)
- 11beta-HSD1 (1)
- 13C labeling (1)
- 13CO2 labeling (1)
- 16S rDNA (1)
- 16S rRNA (1)
- 16S rRNA Illumina amplicon sequencing (1)
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing (1)
- 16S rRNA/ITS amplicon sequencing (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phoshphate aldolase (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (1)
- 2-oxoglutarat / FeII- abhängige Dioxygenases (1)
- 2-oxoglutarate /FeII-dependant dioxygenases (1)
- 26S-Proteasom-System-Abbau (1)
- 2D gel electrophoresis (1)
- 2Fe-2S cluster (1)
- 2P cross section (1)
- 3 '-end processing (1)
- 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (1)
- 3-Phosphoglycerinsäure (1)
- 3-end processing (1)
- 3-way coffee hybrids (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D structure (1)
- 3D-acceleration sensor (1)
- 4 (1)
- 4-Fluoroaniline (1)
- 454 pyrosequencing (1)
- 454-pyrosequencing (1)
- 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolat (1)
- 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate (1)
- 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate (1)
- 5-HT (1)
- 5-HT receptor (1)
- 5-Methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-Thiouridin (1)
- 5-Methylaminomethyl-2-Thiouridin (1)
- 5-Methyltetrahydrofolat (1)
- 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (1)
- 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (1)
- 60S maturation (1)
- 60S-Reifung (1)
- 6PPD quinone (1)
- 7-Methylheptadecan (1)
- 7-methylheptadecane (1)
- <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (1)
- <i>Zygogonium ericetorum</i> (1)
- A-type carrier protein (1)
- A. thaliana (1)
- AAP bacteria (1)
- ABC Transporter (1)
- ABCE model (1)
- AC Elektrokinetik (1)
- AC Elektroosmosis (1)
- AC electrophoresis (1)
- ACD6 (1)
- ACSL (1)
- ADP-Glukosepyrophosphorylase (1)
- AES (1)
- AF10 (1)
- AHL25 (1)
- AIDS (1)
- ALISA (1)
- ALOX15B (1)
- AMP (1)
- AMSTAR (1)
- AMSTAR 2 (1)
- AMT (1)
- ANPP (1)
- APEC (1)
- APETALA2 (1)
- APP (1)
- APX2 (1)
- ARA (1)
- ARF (1)
- ARL13b (1)
- ARMS (1)
- AT1 receptor / preeclampsia / AT1-AAB / neonatal rat cardiomyocytes / autoantibody / angiotensin II (1)
- AT1-Rezeptor / Präeklampsie / AT1-AAK / neonatale Rattenkardiomyozyten / Autoantikörper / Angiotensin II (1)
- ATI1 (1)
- ATML1 (1)
- ATPS (1)
- AUX1 (1)
- Abandonment (1)
- Abbau (1)
- Abies alba (1)
- Abiotic stress (1)
- Above-/below-ground interactions (1)
- Above-belowground interactions (1)
- Above-ground (1)
- Abscisic-acid (1)
- Absorption kinetics (1)
- Abszisinsäure (1)
- Acacia erioloba (1)
- Access and Benefit Sharing ABS (1)
- Acer (1)
- Aceros (1)
- Acetobacteraceae (1)
- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (1)
- Acetylcholinesterase (1)
- Achillea millefolium (1)
- Acid mining lakes (1)
- Acidification (1)
- Acidophilic algae (1)
- Acinetobacter baumannii (1)
- Acinonyx jubatus (1)
- Acoustic levitation (1)
- Acrocephalus paludicola (1)
- Actin bundles (1)
- Activation of dendritic cells (1)
- Activity (1)
- Activity respiration (1)
- Actomyosin (1)
- Acute phase response (1)
- Adaptation options (1)
- Adaptive dynamics (1)
- Adaptive evolution (1)
- Adaptive genetic variability (1)
- Adaptive traits (1)
- Addax nasomaculatus (1)
- Adhäsionsproteine (1)
- Adiponectin (1)
- Adipositas (1)
- Adolescence (1)
- Adolescent growth (1)
- Adrenaline (1)
- Adrenochrome (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Adult height (1)
- Aegean flora (1)
- Aeridinae (1)
- Aeroponic cultivation (1)
- Affinity for CO2 uptake (1)
- African green monkeys (1)
- African weakly electric fish (1)
- Afrika (1)
- Afrotheria (1)
- AgMIP (1)
- Age (1)
- Agent-based model (1)
- Agent-based models (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Aggression (1)
- Aggressivität (1)
- Aging (1)
- Aglais (1)
- Agrarlandschaft (1)
- Agri-environmental schemes (1)
- Agricultural fertilization (1)
- Agricultural intensification (1)
- Agricultural landscape generator (1)
- Agricultural pests (1)
- Agro-ecosystems (1)
- AgroScapeLabs (1)
- Agrocybe aegerita peroxygenase (1)
- Agroecology (1)
- Aix galericulata (1)
- Aktin (1)
- Aktin/Mikrotubuli (1)
- Aktinzytoskelett (1)
- Aktionsraum (1)
- Aktivitätsmessung (1)
- Alaska (1)
- Alcaligenes eutrophus (1)
- Aldehyd (1)
- Aldehyd-oxidase (1)
- Alectrurus risora (1)
- Algae (1)
- Algae-virus (1)
- Algebraic geometry (1)
- Algeria (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Alien plants (1)
- Alien species (1)
- Alien species richness (1)
- Alignment (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Allee effects (1)
- Allelopathy (1)
- Allogamy (1)
- Allometric Trophic Network model (1)
- Allometric trophic network model (1)
- Allometrie (1)
- Allopatric/sympatric speciation (1)
- Altemate access model (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Alternaria species-groups (1)
- Alternative growth regulators (1)
- Altersabhängigkeit (1)
- Altitude (1)
- Altitudinal gradient (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminium adjuvants (1)
- Alzheimer (1)
- Alzheimer's Disease (1)
- AmOctR1 (1)
- AmOctR3 (1)
- Amaranthus retroflexus (1)
- Ambient pressure laser ionization (1)
- Amblystegiaceae (1)
- Ambrosia artemisiifolia (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Ammoniumassimilation (1)
- Ammoniumtransporter (1)
- Amperometric sensor (1)
- Amperometrie (1)
- Amperometry (1)
- Amphibian (1)
- Amphibien (1)
- Amphipoda (1)
- Amsinckia (1)
- Amur River (1)
- Amyloid beta (1)
- Amyloid fibril (1)
- Amyloidogenesis (1)
- Amylopectin (1)
- Analogue quality (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analysis-ready data (1)
- Analytical limitations (1)
- Anatidae (1)
- Anatolia (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Anchor peptides (1)
- Andrena (1)
- Anemone nemorosa (1)
- Angewandte Mikrobiologie (1)
- Angiogenese (1)
- Angiosperms (1)
- Anguilla anguilla (1)
- Aniline (1)
- Aniline biosensor (1)
- Animal migration (1)
- Anisotropic growth (1)
- Annamites (1)
- Annelida (1)
- Annual (1)
- Annual plant communities (1)
- Annuals (1)
- Anolis (1)
- Anostraca (1)
- Anoxie (1)
- Anreicherungsmethoden (1)
- Anser albifrons (1)
- Antarctic (1)
- Antarctic Specially Managed Area (1)
- Anther retention (1)
- Anthropogenic biome (1)
- Anthropogenic impact (1)
- Anthropogenic pollution (1)
- Anthropometric measurement (1)
- Anti-Diuron-Antikörper (1)
- Anti-biotin antibody (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibiotic alternatives (1)
- Antibiotika (1)
- Antibiotikaersatz (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Antibody detection (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Antifungal (1)
- Antigone vipio (1)
- Antikörpercharakterisierung (1)
- Antikörperproduktion (1)
- Antikörpervalidierung (1)
- Antilope (1)
- Antisense agents (1)
- Antiviral (1)
- Aphanizomenon (1)
- Apodemus (1)
- Apodemus agrarius (1)
- Apoptose (1)
- Apple (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Aptamers (1)
- Apteryx (1)
- Apyrase (1)
- Aquatic Ecology (1)
- Aquatic Warbler (1)
- Aquatic habitats (1)
- Aquifer (1)
- Aquifers (1)
- Arabia (1)
- Arabidopsis lyrata (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana cell size S-morph (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana embryogenesis (1)
- Arabien (1)
- Aral Sea (1)
- Arbeitsteilung (1)
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza (1)
- Arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza (1)
- Archaic humans (1)
- Architecture (1)
- Archival DNA (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic lake sediments (1)
- Arctic snow algal bloom (1)
- Arctic vegetation (1)
- Arealverschiebungen (1)
- Arf-like protein 2 (ARL2) (1)
- Arf-like protein 3 (ARL3) (1)
- Argasidae (1)
- Argentina (1)
- Argininbiosynthese (1)
- Argonaute 2 protein (1)
- Arion (1)
- Arionidae (1)
- Aromatic aldehydes (1)
- Aromatic amino acids (1)
- Array Hybridisierung (1)
- Arrival dates (1)
- Arsen (1)
- Arsenic speciation (1)
- Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (1)
- Arsenolipids (1)
- Artengemeinschaft (1)
- Artenreichtum (1)
- Artenschutz (1)
- Artenzahl (1)
- Arthrobotrys (1)
- Artificial light (1)
- Artificial light at night (1)
- Artificial light at night (ALAN) (1)
- Artificial micro-RNA (1)
- Artificial selection (1)
- Artverbreitungsmodelle (1)
- Arylcarbamate (1)
- Arylharnstoffe (1)
- Ascocentrum (1)
- Ascomyceten (1)
- Ascorbat-Oxidase (1)
- Asia (1)
- Asian elephant (1)
- Assay calibration (1)
- Assemblierungsfaktor (1)
- Assembly pattern (1)
- Assembly rules (1)
- Assimilation efficiency (1)
- Assoziation (1)
- Astrobiologie (1)
- Asymmetric interlaced PCR (1)
- AtAMT1.1 (1)
- AtAMT1.2 (1)
- AtAMT1.3 (1)
- AtAMT1.4 (1)
- AtAMT1.5 (1)
- AtD-CGS (1)
- AtDGK gene (1)
- AtDGK genes (1)
- AtExpA8 (1)
- AtPAP2 (1)
- Atelerix albiventris (1)
- Atelerix algirus (1)
- Atrophin-1 (1)
- Attention (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- Audience effect (1)
- Auditory cortex (1)
- Auenreaktivierung (1)
- Aufnahme (1)
- Ausbreitungsverhalten (1)
- Auskreuzungsrate (1)
- Ausrichtung (1)
- Aussterben (1)
- Aussterbeschuld (1)
- Austausch zwischen zwei Spezies (1)
- Australian rabbit invasion (1)
- Australien (1)
- Autoimmune diagnostics (1)
- Automation (1)
- Autophagie (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Autotrophie (1)
- Auxine (1)
- Auxotrophie (1)
- Avoidance (1)
- Azobenzene containing cationic surfactants (1)
- B cell activation (1)
- B-Lymphozyten (1)
- B. calyciflorus species complex (1)
- B12-dependent 1,2-propanediol degradation (1)
- BCECF (1)
- BEEBOOK (1)
- BESSY (1)
- BFN1 (1)
- BIA (1)
- BIOMEX (1)
- BMP (1)
- BPP (1)
- BROAD LEAF1 (1)
- BRUSHY1 (1)
- Bacillariophyceae (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Bacteria identification (1)
- Bacteria-phytoplankton coupling (1)
- Bacterial (1)
- Bacterial biosensor (1)
- Bacterial communities (1)
- Bacterial community composition (1)
- Bacterial community composition (BCC) (1)
- Bacterial growth efficiency (1)
- Bacterial production (1)
- Bacterial toxin (1)
- Baculovirus (1)
- Baetis (1)
- Bahamas (1)
- Bait lamina (1)
- Bakterien Sensor (1)
- Bakteriophage T7 (1)
- Bandung District (1)
- Bangladesh (1)
- Barcoding (1)
- Bark beetle (1)
- Barley (1)
- Basal body (1)
- Base cations (1)
- Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (1)
- Bastardbleichheit (1)
- Bat rabies (1)
- Bats (1)
- Baumgrenze (1)
- Baumgrenzen-Dynamik (1)
- Baumsavanne (1)
- Bayes'sche Inferenz (1)
- Bayesian standard ellipse (1)
- Bayesian statistics (1)
- Bead (1)
- Beaufort Sea (1)
- BeeScan (1)
- Beech forest (1)
- Beech forests (1)
- Beech fructification (1)
- Beetle conservation (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Behavioural adaptations (1)
- Behavioural type (1)
- Beliefs and motivation (1)
- Below-ground (1)
- Below-ground resources (1)
- Bengal Delta (1)
- Bengal tiger (1)
- Benzaldehyd (1)
- Benzaldehyde (1)
- Benzylbenzofuran (1)
- Berlin (1)
- Beschleunigungsmessungen (1)
- Bestandsparameter (1)
- Bestäubung (1)
- Bet-hedging (1)
- Beta-Diversität (1)
- Beta-Zelle (1)
- Beta-diversity (1)
- Beta2 - glycoprotein I (1)
- Beta2-glycoprotein I (1)
- Betta-splendens (1)
- Beweidung (1)
- Bgl2p (1)
- Bifurcation parameters (1)
- Big data (1)
- Bilirubin oxidase (1)
- Binding-protein hyl1 (1)
- Bioaccumulation (1)
- Bioaktivierung (1)
- Biocatalysis (1)
- Biochemical limitation (1)
- Biochemical networks (1)
- Biochemical pathway database (1)
- Biochemical reaction networks (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Bioclimatic envelope modelling (1)
- Biocompatibility (1)
- Bioconversion (1)
- Biodiversity Exploratories project (1)
- Biodiversity ecosystem function research (1)
- Biodiversity hotspot (1)
- Biodiversity indicators (1)
- Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (1)
- Bioelektrokatalytisches Recycling (1)
- Biogas (1)
- Biogenese (1)
- Biohybride Organe (1)
- Bioinformatic (1)
- Bioinorganic chemistry (1)
- Biokatalyse (1)
- Biokatalytisches Recyc (1)
- Biolog EcoPlates (1)
- Biological conservation (1)
- Biologicals (1)
- Biologieunterricht (1)
- Biology teachers (1)
- Biomass nutrient concentrations (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Biomaterials (1)
- Biome (1)
- Biome shifts (1)
- Biomembran (1)
- Biomization (1)
- Biomolekülinteraktionen (1)
- Biophysik (1)
- Bioreaktor (1)
- Biosensor array (1)
- Biosynthese (1)
- Biotechnologie (1)
- Biotic differentiation (1)
- Biotic interactions (1)
- Biotoptypen (1)
- Biowaste composting (1)
- Bioökonomie (1)
- Bird prey (1)
- Bird species richness (1)
- Birds (1)
- Biscutella didyma (1)
- Bistability (1)
- Bistabilität (1)
- Bisulfit Sequenzierung (1)
- Bittergeschmack (1)
- Bittergeschmacksrezeptor (1)
- Bivalve (1)
- Black Sea (1)
- Blattalterung (1)
- Blattbreite (1)
- Blattläuse (1)
- Blattmorphologie (1)
- Blaubock (1)
- Blaulicht (1)
- Blaulichtsensoren (1)
- Blm10 (1)
- Blood (1)
- Blood-Brain Barrier (1)
- Blue antelope (1)
- Blue-light sensors (1)
- Bluestain fungi (1)
- Blunt trauma (1)
- Blühzeit (1)
- Blüte-Bestäuber-Interaktion (1)
- Blütenduft (1)
- Blütenökologie (1)
- Bodenmikrobiologie (1)
- Body composition (1)
- Body feather moult (1)
- Body length (1)
- Body mass (1)
- Body mass index reference values (1)
- Body mass-abundance (1)
- Body perception (1)
- Body shape (1)
- Body temperature (1)
- Bohemian forest ecosystem (1)
- Boloria eunomia (1)
- Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) (1)
- Boolean algebra (1)
- Boosted regression tree (1)
- Boosting (1)
- Boraginaceae (1)
- Boreal forests (1)
- Borna Disease Virus (1)
- Borna disease virus (1)
- Borrelia burgdorferi (1)
- Botanic gardens (1)
- Botanik (1)
- Boten-RNA (mRNA) (1)
- Bottleneck (1)
- Bottom-up effect (1)
- Bottom-up effects (1)
- Botulinum neurotoxin (1)
- Botulinum toxin (1)
- Brachfläche (1)
- Brachionus calyciflorus s (1)
- Brain development (1)
- Branched chain amino acids (1)
- Branta canadensis (1)
- Brassinosteriods (1)
- Brassinosteroide (1)
- Braunmoose (1)
- Bray Curtis dissimilarity (1)
- Breast cancer (1)
- Breeding (1)
- Breeding strategies (1)
- Breeding success (1)
- Breeding system (1)
- Breitengrad (1)
- Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (1)
- Bromus hordeaceus (1)
- Brown trout (1)
- Brownification (1)
- Browsing damage (1)
- Browsing pressure (1)
- Brut (1)
- Bryophyte (1)
- Bryophyten (1)
- Bryophytes (1)
- Bt maize (1)
- Bt-Mais (1)
- Buchfink (1)
- Buchnera (1)
- Budozone (1)
- Buds (1)
- Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- Burrow system (1)
- Busy lizzy (1)
- C sequestration (1)
- C stocks (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- C1 assimilation (1)
- C1-Assimilation (1)
- C3 photosynthesis (1)
- C4 (1)
- C:P ratio (1)
- CAM (1)
- CAP (1)
- CART (1)
- CBD (1)
- CD95 (1)
- CDF (1)
- CDOM (1)
- CDS (1)
- CEA (1)
- CED (1)
- CESA Komplex (1)
- CFR Proteaceae (1)
- CHO cell lysate (1)
- CHO-THF, CH-THF, CH2-THF und CH3-THF (1)
- CHO-THF, CH-THF, CH2-THF, and CH3-THF (1)
- CIP/KIP (1)
- CLUH; (1)
- CMC (1)
- CNL1 (1)
- CNS (1)
- CNTs-based screen printed electrodes (1)
- CO(2) (1)
- CO2 concentration (1)
- CO2 conditions (1)
- CO2 degassing (1)
- CO2 emissions (1)
- CO2 flux (1)
- CO2 increase (1)
- CO2 limitation (1)
- CO2 supply (1)
- CO2-Entgasung (1)
- COI (1)
- COI-DNA barcoding (1)
- COLOSS (1)
- CORM-2 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- CP75 (1)
- CPI1 (1)
- CPR5 (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CSD (1)
- CSF (1)
- CSR-strategies (1)
- CWSI (1)
- CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE (1)
- Ca2+ oscillations (1)
- CaM4 (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Calcareous grassland (1)
- Calcineurin-Inhibitoren (1)
- Calcium oscillations (1)
- Callose (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Calvin-Benson cycle (1)
- Calvinzyklus (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Camelid antibodies (1)
- Camelid single domain antibodies (1)
- Camelus bactrianus (1)
- Cameroon (1)
- Canada (1)
- Canada goose (1)
- Canalization (1)
- Candida (1)
- Canid morphotype (1)
- Canidae (1)
- Canonical correlation analysis (1)
- Canopy closure (1)
- Canopy parameters (1)
- Cantharophily (1)
- Cap'n proto (1)
- Car tire rubber (1)
- Carbohydrate Metabolism (1)
- Carbohydrate binding proteins (1)
- Carbohydrate-binding agents (1)
- Carbon Cycling (1)
- Carbon budgets (1)
- Carbon cycle (1)
- Carbon decomposition (1)
- Carbon isotopes (delta C-13) (1)
- Carbon metabolism (1)
- Carbon pathway (1)
- Carbon preference index (CPI) (1)
- Carbon substrates (1)
- Carbon turnover (1)
- Carboxynitrofluorenon (1)
- Carboxysomen (1)
- Cardiac development (1)
- Cardiac looping (1)
- Cardiac regeneration (1)
- Cardiomyocyte proliferation (1)
- Cardiovascular rehabilitation (1)
- Carex limosa (1)
- Carollia perspicillata (1)
- Carry-over-Effekte (1)
- Catalase (1)
- Catalytically active MIPs (1)
- Catechol (1)
- Catecholamines (1)
- Cave (1)
- Cavia aperea (1)
- CdS quantum dots (1)
- Cell (1)
- Cell culture (1)
- Cell cycle (1)
- Cell cycle arrest (1)
- Cell death (1)
- Cell expansion (1)
- Cell extrusion (1)
- Cell migration (1)
- Cell signalling (1)
- Cell structures (1)
- Cell volume (1)
- Cell-free (1)
- Cell-free protein expression (1)
- Cell-free protein synthesis (1)
- Cellobiose dehydrogenase (1)
- Cellular P quota (1)
- Cellular phosphorus (1)
- Cellulose-Synthese-Complex (1)
- Central America (1)
- Central Europe (1)
- Central nervous system (1)
- Centriole (1)
- Centromere (1)
- Centromeres (1)
- Cephalodella acidophila (1)
- Ceramidase inhibitors (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Cervidae (1)
- ChIP-seq (1)
- Chaffinch (1)
- Chalcone (1)
- Chaoborus (1)
- Character evolution (1)
- Character mapping (1)
- Charophytes (1)
- Cheirogaleidae (1)
- Chelonia mydas (1)
- Chemical reaction network theory (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chemostatexperimente (1)
- Chenopodium album (1)
- Cherry (1)
- Chick embryos (1)
- Chicken Repeat (1)
- Child growth (1)
- Childhood traits and disorders (1)
- Chitolectin (1)
- Chitooligosaccharides (1)
- Chlamydia-like bacteria (1)
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1)
- Chlorella (1)
- Chlorenchyma (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Chlorophyll metabolism (1)
- Chlorophyta (1)
- Chloroplast gene expression (1)
- Chloroplast transcription (1)
- Chloroplast transformation (1)
- Chloroplasten-Genexpression (1)
- Chloroplastentransformation (1)
- Chopralla (1)
- Chromatin Accessibility (1)
- Chromatin-Immunopräzipitation (1)
- Chromatin-based mechanisms (1)
- Chronic Renal Failure (1)
- Chronic Renal Failure in Children (1)
- Chronic exposure (1)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (1)
- Chronic stress (1)
- Chronodisruption (1)
- Chronosequence (1)
- Chronotopy (1)
- Chukotka vegetation (1)
- Chytrids (1)
- Ciconia ciconia (1)
- Ciliaten (1)
- Cirriferum myzostomida (1)
- Citrobacter rodentium (1)
- Classical compartment model (1)
- Classroom practices (1)
- Clathrin-bedeckte Vesikel (1)
- Clearing formation (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate change manipulations (1)
- Climate reconstruction (1)
- Climate warming (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Climatic legacy (1)
- Clinical trial (1)
- ClinicalTrials (1)
- Cloeodes complex (1)
- Cloeon (1)
- Clostridioides difficile (1)
- Clostridium difficile (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Clustering Algorithms (1)
- Clutch size (1)
- Co -development (1)
- Co-Evolution (1)
- Co-Transfektion (1)
- Co-evolution (1)
- Co-existence (1)
- Co-limitation (1)
- Coarse woody debris (1)
- Coating (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Codierungssequenz (1)
- Codon Usage (1)
- Coexpression (1)
- Cognitive style (1)
- Cographs (1)
- Coherence number (1)
- Cohesive ends (1)
- Coiled Coil (1)
- Cokultur (1)
- Cold (1)
- Cold acclimation (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Colimitation (1)
- Collection (1)
- Collection date (1)
- Collembolans (1)
- Colonkrebs (1)
- Columella (1)
- Coluteocarpeae (1)
- Common agricultural policy (1)
- Common noctule bat (1)
- Common-environment trial (1)
- Communication (1)
- Communities as complex adaptive systems (1)
- Community composition (1)
- Community effect (1)
- Community effect in height (1)
- Community effects on growth (1)
- Community matrix (1)
- Community model (1)
- Community-based Modelling (1)
- Community-based modelling (1)
- Community-level Allee effects (1)
- Community-weighted means (1)
- Comparative ecology (1)
- Comparative phylogeography (1)
- Competition-colonization (1)
- Competitive growth (1)
- Competitive growth strategies (1)
- Competitive hierarchies (1)
- Competitive traits (1)
- Complete defoliation (1)
- Complex dynamics (1)
- Complex heterogeneous systems (1)
- Complex networks (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (1)
- Computational Biology (1)
- Computational biology and bioinformatics (1)
- Computational modelling (1)
- Computational models (1)
- Computer Modeling (1)
- Concanavalin A (1)
- Concept of lying (1)
- Concerted evolution (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- Congenital heart defects (1)
- Congo River (1)
- Coniferous plantations (1)
- Connectance (1)
- Conservation Biology (1)
- Conservation Genetics (1)
- Conservation biogeography (1)
- Consistency (1)
- Consortium (1)
- Constraint-based approaches (1)
- Constraint-basierte Modellierung (1)
- Consumer (1)
- Continental air masses (1)
- Continuous cultures (1)
- Continuous renal replacement therapy (1)
- Control region (1)
- Convention on Biological Diversity CBD (1)
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES (1)
- Coping styles (1)
- Copolymere (1)
- Coppice (1)
- Copula theory (1)
- Core incubation experiments (1)
- Core stability (1)
- Corms (1)
- Correlation networks (1)
- Corynephorus canescens (1)
- Cospeciation (1)
- Cost of resistance (1)
- Cost-benefit analysis (1)
- Costamer (1)
- Counterstrategy (1)
- Country of origin (1)
- Covalent imprinting (1)
- Cover abundance (1)
- Cover-weighting (1)
- Cre Rekombinase (1)
- Cre recombinase (1)
- Critically ill patients (1)
- Crop modelling (1)
- Cross reactivity (1)
- Cross-species amplification (1)
- Cross-validation (1)
- Cryptomycota (1)
- Cryptophyta (1)
- Ctenotus regius (1)
- Culicivora caudacuta (1)
- Cultivated barley (1)
- Cultivation (1)
- Cupriavidus necator (1)
- Curculigo (1)
- Curculionidae (1)
- Cutinase (1)
- Cutting frequency (1)
- Cyanobakterien-Biomarker (1)
- Cyanobium (1)
- Cyanotoxins (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cyclosporin A (1)
- Cyprinidae (1)
- Cytb (1)
- CytoSorb (R) (1)
- Cytochome c (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- Cytokinesis (1)
- Cytosin-Methylierung (1)
- Cytosolic glucosyl transferases (1)
- Cytosolische Translation in Pflanzen (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- DBD dye (1)
- DCM (1)
- DCX (1)
- DDT (1)
- DEK1 (1)
- DELWAQ (1)
- DFB lasers (1)
- DFT (1)
- DGD1 (1)
- DHA (1)
- DISC (1)
- DNA Ejektion (1)
- DNA Elements (1)
- DNA Methylation (1)
- DNA aptamer (1)
- DNA cloning (1)
- DNA extraction (1)
- DNA methylation; (1)
- DNA origami (1)
- DNA sensor (1)
- DNA sequencing (1)
- DNA vaccine (1)
- DNA viruses (1)
- DNA-Aptamer (1)
- DNA-Chip (1)
- DNA-Lipid-Wechselwirkung (1)
- DNA-Vakzinierung (1)
- DNA-binding (1)
- DNA-lipid-interaction (1)
- DNA-metabarcoding (1)
- DNRA (1)
- DNS (1)
- DNS Assemblierung (1)
- DNS-Chip (1)
- DOC quality (1)
- DOF Transkriptionsfaktoren (1)
- DOF transcription factors (1)
- DON (1)
- DPP-4 (1)
- DPP-4 inhibitors (1)
- DRB Evolution (1)
- DRB evolution (1)
- DRP1A (1)
- DRYM (1)
- DSS-Colitis (1)
- DTOF (1)
- DUF300 proteins (1)
- DUF581 (1)
- DUFLOW (1)
- Dactylis glomerata (1)
- Dangeardia mamillata (1)
- Danio rerio (zebrafish) (1)
- Daptomycin (1)
- Dark matter fungi (1)
- Dark-induced senescence (1)
- Darmkrebs (1)
- Data integration (1)
- Data quality (1)
- Data sets (1)
- Data standardisation and formatting (1)
- Database (1)
- Database Approach To Modelling (1)
- Database approach to modelling (1)
- Database errors (1)
- Datenanalyse und Statistik (1)
- Datenintegration (1)
- Datura stramonium (1)
- Dauerfrostboden (1)
- DdCP224 (1)
- De novo Assemblierung (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Deakklimatisierung (1)
- Debris (1)
- Defenses (1)
- Definition of lying (1)
- Degradom (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Deichrückverlegung (1)
- Delomys (1)
- Delta F508 mutation (1)
- Delta mcyB mutant (1)
- Dendrochronology (1)
- Dendroclimatology (1)
- Denitrifiers (1)
- Density (1)
- Derivatisierung (1)
- Dermochelys coriacea (1)
- Desiccation tolerance (1)
- Design Research (1)
- Detection (1)
- Detektionssystem (1)
- Determination of crystallinity (1)
- Determination of hydration (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Developing brain (1)
- Developmental Biology (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Developmental evolution (1)
- Developmental plasticity (1)
- Developmental tempo (1)
- Diacylglycerol (1)
- Diacylglycerol-Kinasen (1)
- Diagnostic (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Diagnostik (1)
- Dialel (1)
- Diaspore morphology (1)
- Diasporenmorphologie (1)
- Diceros bicornis var. minor (1)
- Dichrostachys cinerea (1)
- Dichteabhängigkeit (1)
- Dickkopf 1 (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (1)
- Dietary Cholesterol (1)
- Differential Equations (1)
- Differential and algebraic equations (1)
- Differential equation (1)
- Differentiation (1)
- Dimensionality reduction (1)
- Dip test (1)
- Discretization (1)
- Discrimination (1)
- Disease monitoring (1)
- Diseases of the nervous system (1)
- Dispersal limitation (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Disposable (1)
- Disproportionating Enzyme (1)
- Disproportionating isozyme 2 (DPE2) dpe2-deficient plants (1)
- Disproportionierungsenzym (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Dissolved inorganic carbon (1)
- Dissolved organic carbon (1)
- Dissoziation (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Dithiolene (1)
- Dithiolene group (1)
- Diuron (1)
- Divergent evolution (1)
- Diversification (1)
- Diversity indices (1)
- Diversity partitioning (1)
- Diversity-Productivity relationship (1)
- Diversitäts-Produktivitäts-Beziehung (1)
- Diätintervention (1)
- Djoudj National Park (1)
- Docking interactions (1)
- Docosahexaenoic acid (1)
- Documentation (1)
- Dog (1)
- Domestication (1)
- Doping (1)
- Dormancy phases (1)
- Dormanz (1)
- Dorstenia kameruniana (1)
- Dosing algorithm (1)
- Downy mildew (1)
- Draft genome (1)
- Drainage (1)
- Dreischluchten-Stausee (1)
- Dreissena polymorpha (1)
- Dreizustandsmodell (1)
- Driftwood habitat (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drought (1)
- Drought tolerance (1)
- Drought-stress (1)
- Drug delivery systems (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- Drugs (1)
- Dry grasslands (1)
- Dry land degradation (1)
- Dryland (1)
- Dryopteridaceae (1)
- Durchflusszytometrie (1)
- Durchfluß-Biochip-Scanner (1)
- Dynamic Energy Budget (1)
- Dynamic energy budget theory (1)
- Dynamic modeling (1)
- Dynamic sitting (1)
- Dynamic vegetation models (1)
- Dynamical global vegetation model (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- E-cadherin (1)
- E. coil (1)
- E3-Ubiquitin Ligasen (1)
- E3-ubiquitin ligases (1)
- EAAT1 (1)
- EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) (1)
- EARLY STARVATION1 (1)
- EC50 (1)
- EEHV (1)
- EGFP (1)
- ELF3 (1)
- ELISA (1)
- ELONA (1)
- EMG (1)
- ENFA (1)
- ENTH-Domänen Proteine (1)
- ENTH-Domänenproteine (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- ERK5 (1)
- ESCRT (1)
- ETV (1)
- EXO (1)
- EXPOSE-R2 (1)
- Early childhood education (1)
- Early childhood teachers (1)
- Early mathematics development (1)
- Early starvation protein (1)
- East Asian flyway (1)
- East Prussia (1)
- Eco-evolution (1)
- Eco-genetic modelling (1)
- Eco-hydrological model (1)
- EcoHyD (1)
- Ecohydrological model (1)
- Ecohydrological modeling (1)
- Ecological changes (1)
- Ecological classification (1)
- Ecological guilds (1)
- Ecological interactions (1)
- Ecological models (1)
- Ecological niche (1)
- Ecological niche modeling (1)
- Ecological risk assessment (1)
- Ecological speciation (1)
- Ecological stoichiometry (1)
- Ecological synthesis (1)
- Ecological theory (1)
- Ecophysiology on freshwater phytoplankton (1)
- Ecosystem (1)
- Ecosystem development (1)
- Ecosystem processes (1)
- Ecosystem service value (1)
- Effect group (1)
- Effect model (1)
- Effective pathlength (1)
- Effekt (1)
- Eger Rift (1)
- Ein Kohlenstoff (1)
- Einjahrespflanzen (1)
- Einschätzung der Diffusion (1)
- Einwanderungskredit (1)
- Einzelbasenaustausch (1)
- Einzelmolekül-Kraftspektroskopie (1)
- Einzelzell-Analyse (1)
- Einzelzell-Sequenzierung (1)
- Einzelzellanalytik (1)
- Einzelzellbewegung (1)
- Einzelzellen (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Eisen-Schwefel-Cluster (1)
- El Nino Southern Oscillation (1)
- El Niño/Southern Oscillation-Phänomen (1)
- El`gygytgyn Kratersee (1)
- Elaeis guineensis Jacq (1)
- Elapidae (1)
- Elastizitätsmodul (1)
- Elbow breadth (1)
- Electric (1)
- Electric organ (1)
- Electric organ ontogeny (1)
- Electrochemical measurements (1)
- Electrochemical switch (1)
- Electrochemistry (1)
- Electrocyte features (1)
- Electrocyte geometry (1)
- Electrodes (1)
- Electrokinetics (1)
- Electron relay (1)
- Electronic tongue (1)
- Electroosmosis (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- Elektrische Entladung (1)
- Elektrische Fische (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Elektrophysiologie (1)
- Elephas maximus sumatranus (1)
- Elevation (1)
- Elongation Factor 1-alpha (1)
- El’gygytgyn Crater Lake (1)
- Employment (1)
- Emulsionen (1)
- Encroachment (1)
- Endangered species (1)
- Endocoenobium eudorinae (1)
- Endogenous retrovirus (1)
- Endoglycosidase (1)
- Endophyten (1)
- Endoreduplication (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial integrity (1)
- Endothelialization (1)
- Endozoochory syndrome (1)
- Endurance (1)
- Energetik (1)
- Energiebudget (1)
- Energiemangel (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Enteritidis (1)
- Entzündung (1)
- Environmental Metabolomics (1)
- Environmental gradients (1)
- Environmental heterogeneity (1)
- Environmental niche (1)
- Environmental relationships (1)
- Environmental risk (1)
- Environmental stressor (1)
- Enzymadsorption (1)
- Enzymatic fuel cell (1)
- Enzymatic recycling (1)
- Enzyme Kinetics (1)
- Enzyme adsorption (1)
- Enzyme catalysis (1)
- Enzyme electrode (1)
- Enzyme kinetics (1)
- Enzyme models (1)
- Enzymelektrode ; Monophenolmonooxygenase (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Enzymmodelle (1)
- Ephrin (1)
- Epidemic (1)
- Epidemics (1)
- Epidemie (1)
- Epidemien (1)
- Epidermis (1)
- Epigenetic memory (1)
- Epigenom Editierung (1)
- Epiphyten (1)
- Epistase (1)
- Epistasis (1)
- Epistylis (1)
- Epithelial ion transport (1)
- Epithelien (1)
- Epitopmapping (1)
- Epitopvorhersage (1)
- Epizoochorie (1)
- Equivocality (1)
- Equus (1)
- Equus dalianensis (1)
- Equus przewalskii (1)
- Erbe (1)
- Erdbeben (1)
- Erhaltungszucht (1)
- Erigeron annuus (1)
- Erigeron canadensis (1)
- Erkenntnisgewinnung (1)
- Ernte (1)
- Ernte von Wildebeständen (1)
- Ernährungsgewohnheiten (1)
- Ernährungszustand (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Erucasäure (1)
- Erweitertes Fachwissen für den schulischen Kontext (1)
- Erythropoese (1)
- Eschericha coli (1)
- Essentialität (1)
- Essigsäurebakterien (1)
- Establishment (1)
- Esterase (1)
- Estuary SW Netherlands (1)
- Etablierung (1)
- Etmopterus joungi (1)
- Etmopterus litvinovi (1)
- Etmopterus pusillus (1)
- Etmopterus pycnolepis (1)
- Euanthe (1)
- Eubacterium ramulus (1)
- Eucera (1)
- Eukaryoten (1)
- Eurasian lynx (1)
- Eurasian otter (1)
- Euro plus Med PlantBase (1)
- European Alps (1)
- European Union EU (1)
- European bat species (1)
- European brown (1)
- European brown hare (1)
- European corn borer (1)
- European lamprey (1)
- European lobster (1)
- European rabbit (1)
- European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (1)
- Europäische Fledermausarten (1)
- Evapotranspiration (1)
- Evening Complex (1)
- Evolutionary ecology (1)
- Evolutionsgenetik (1)
- Evolutionsrunde (1)
- Ex situ conservation (1)
- ExPEC (1)
- Excitonic interactions (1)
- Exotic (1)
- Exotic bird species (1)
- Exotic species (1)
- Expansions-Mikroskopie (1)
- Experiment description (1)
- Experimental environment (1)
- Experimental evidence (1)
- Experimental metadata (1)
- Experimental philosophy (1)
- Export (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Expression (1)
- Expression profiling (1)
- External stimuli (1)
- External structural measures (1)
- Extinction cascades (1)
- Extinction risk (1)
- Extinktionsrisko (1)
- Extravasation rate-limited tissue model (1)
- Extravasation-rate limited Gewebemodelle (1)
- Extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- Extreme environment (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- Extremophilic green alga (1)
- Eye-tracking (1)
- F-box (1)
- F. oxysporum (1)
- F1-hybrids (1)
- F2-hybrids (1)
- F7 gene (1)
- FACS (1)
- FAIRE-qPCR (1)
- FAIRE-seq (1)
- FAK-MAPK (1)
- FAME (1)
- FASTAR (1)
- FGF23 (1)
- FITC-dextran release (1)
- FLC (1)
- FLN1 (1)
- FLOWERING LOCUS C (1)
- FMN (1)
- FMT (1)
- FRAP (1)
- FRET (1)
- FRUITFULL (1)
- FT-ICR MS (1)
- FTIR-ATR (1)
- FTO (1)
- Fab fragment production (1)
- Fachwissen (1)
- Faecal corticosterone metabolites (1)
- Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (1)
- Faecal pellet group count (1)
- Fagus (1)
- Fallow deer (1)
- Faltung (1)
- Familiarity (1)
- Families (1)
- Fat Patterning (1)
- Fatty acid composition (1)
- Fatty acid conversion (1)
- Fatty acid degradation (1)
- FcRn salvage mechanism (1)
- Fe-S cluster assembly (1)
- Feature Engineering (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Fecundity (1)
- Feeding behavior (1)
- Feeding rate (1)
- Feldberger Seenlandschaft ; Agrarlandschaft ; Brache ; Samenpflanzen ; Bestäuber ; Artenreichtum (1)
- Feldmaus (1)
- Female choice (1)
- Female moratorium (1)
- Fen meadows (1)
- Ferritin (1)
- Ferrocen (1)
- Ferrocene (1)
- Ferrocene benzoboroxol biosensor (1)
- Ferrocene boronic acid (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Festkörper NMR Spektroskopie (1)
- Festuca brevipila (1)
- Fettleibigkeit (1)
- Fettsäure (1)
- Feuer (1)
- Fibres (1)
- Fibroblasten (1)
- Field conditions (1)
- Field experiment (1)
- Field margins (1)
- Field pattern (1)
- Filamente (1)
- Fildes Region (1)
- Fine roots (1)
- Fingolimod (1)
- Fire frequency (1)
- First-generation migrant (1)
- Fisch (1)
- Fitness gradient (1)
- Fitness landscape and frequency-dependent selection (1)
- Flachseen (1)
- Flagella (1)
- Flagellate grazing (1)
- Flagellen (1)
- Flat-headed cat (1)
- Flavonoid-Metabolismus (1)
- Fledermäuse (1)
- Flexibility (1)
- Flexible sampling strategy (1)
- Fließsystem (1)
- Floral Meristem (1)
- Floral Organ (1)
- Floral induction (1)
- Floral scent (1)
- Florigen (1)
- Floristics (1)
- Flower (1)
- Flower Development (1)
- Flower development (1)
- Flower harvesting (1)
- Fluctuating asymmetry (1)
- Fluid streaming (1)
- Fluorescence Quenching Immunoassay (1)
- Fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Fluorescence quenching immunoassay (1)
- Fluoreszeinisothiocyanat (1)
- Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (1)
- Fluoreszenzfluktuationsspektroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzkorrelationspektroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzmarkierung (1)
- Fluss (1)
- Flux coupling analysis (1)
- Fluxes (1)
- Fodder quality (1)
- Fokalkontakt (1)
- Food Web (1)
- Food intake (1)
- Food quantity (1)
- Food web (1)
- Food web robustness (1)
- Forage values (1)
- Foraging behavior (1)
- Foraging movement (1)
- Forelimb (1)
- Forest age (1)
- Forest change (1)
- Forest continuity (1)
- Forest dependency (1)
- Forest edge (1)
- Forest species (1)
- Forest understorey (1)
- Formaldehyd-Assimilierung (1)
- Formgedächtnispolymere (1)
- Formiat (1)
- Formica lugubris (1)
- Formica pratensis (1)
- Formin (1)
- Forschungsorientierung (1)
- Fortpflanzung (1)
- Fotoschalter (1)
- Fourier (1)
- Fractal landscapes (1)
- Fragaria x ananassa (1)
- Fragmente (1)
- Fraser Complex (1)
- Fraxinus (1)
- Free-living and particle-associated bacteria (1)
- Fresh-water habitats (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Freshwater algae (1)
- Freshwater fish (1)
- Freshwater fungi (1)
- Freshwater microalgae (1)
- Freshwater microbial communities (1)
- Frucht (1)
- Fruchtknoten (1)
- Fructose (1)
- Fructosyl valine (1)
- Fruit biology (1)
- Fruit maturity (1)
- Fruit pathogens (1)
- Fruit ripening (1)
- Fruit set (1)
- Fruit shape (1)
- Frühwarn-System (1)
- FtsZ ring assemby (1)
- FtsZ ring formation (1)
- FtsZ-Ringbildung (1)
- Full-length 16S rRNA PacBio sequencing (1)
- Functional aging (1)
- Functional analysis (1)
- Functional bat group (1)
- Functional groups (1)
- Functional scaffolds (1)
- Functional trait (1)
- Functional trait diversity (1)
- Functional traits (1)
- Functional type (1)
- Functional types (1)
- Fungal challenge (1)
- Fungal communities (1)
- Fungal endophyte (1)
- Fungal physiology and ecology (1)
- Fungal tree (1)
- Funktionelle Diversität (1)
- Fur (1)
- Furanocoumarin (1)
- Furnariidae (1)
- Fusion (1)
- Futtersuchverhalten (1)
- Förster Resonanz Energie Transfer (FRET) (1)
- Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) (1)
- G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (1)
- G protein-coupled receptors (1)
- G protein-gekoppelter Östrogen Rezeptor (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptors (1)
- G-protein-coupled-receptors (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- G-quadruplexes, (1)
- G-quartettes (1)
- G3BP (1)
- GABA(B) receptor (1)
- GBOL (1)
- GBSA (1)
- GC gene (1)
- GC-TOF-MS (1)
- GC-globulin (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GED cycle (1)
- GED-Zyklus (1)
- GFLASSO (1)
- GFP (1)
- GLOBOSA2 (1)
- GLP-1 and SDF-1a (1)
- GMP (1)
- GMYC (1)
- GPCRs (1)
- GPER (1)
- GPR30 (1)
- GRIND (1)
- GSH (1)
- GSNOR-GSNO reductase (1)
- GTPase (1)
- GUV (1)
- GUVs (1)
- GWA (1)
- GWAS (1)
- GWD (1)
- Galacturonsäure (1)
- Galaktolipide (1)
- Gallionella (1)
- Gap junction (1)
- Gas Chromatography (1)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- Gaschromatographie (1)
- Gaussian process (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Gekkonidae (1)
- Gelbe Biotechnologie (1)
- Gelenkbeweglichkeit (1)
- Geltrex (1)
- Gemeinschaftsgarten-Experiment (1)
- Gen (1)
- Gen-Koexpression (1)
- GenBank (1)
- GenPred (1)
- Gencluster-Aktivierung (1)
- Gene Ontology (1)
- Gene co-expression (1)
- Gene expression profiling (1)
- Gene family (1)
- Gene flow (1)
- Gene function prediction (1)
- Gene regulatory network (1)
- Gene structure (1)
- Gene tree-species tree reconciliation (1)
- Gene-expression (1)
- Gene-expression data (1)
- Generality (1)
- Genetic (1)
- Genetic architecture (1)
- Genetic diversity (1)
- Genetic diversity loss (1)
- Genetic models (1)
- Genetic rescue (1)
- Genetic structure (1)
- Genetic transformation (1)
- Genetic vectors (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Genetische Rettung (1)
- Genfamilie (1)
- Genom-Scan (1)
- Genome annotation (1)
- Genome-scale metabolic models (1)
- Genome-wide (1)
- Genomes (1)
- Genomic evolution (1)
- Genomic selection (1)
- Genotype by environment (1)
- Genotypic differences (1)
- Genotypic variation (1)
- Genotyping-by-sequencing (1)
- Genotypisierung (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Gentechnik (1)
- Gentechnologie (1)
- Gentherapie (1)
- Gentransfer (1)
- Geoinformationssystem (1)
- Geometric morphometrics (1)
- Geothermobarometric P-T (1)
- Germination (1)
- Germline knockout (1)
- Gerste (1)
- Gerüste aus Fasergeflecht (1)
- Gesangsaktivität (1)
- Gesangsangleich (1)
- Gesangsdialekte (1)
- Gesangslernen (1)
- Geschmackswahrnehmung (1)
- Geschwindigkeit (1)
- Gewebsverteilung (1)
- Gewässer (1)
- Giant Vesicles (1)
- Giant unilamellar vesicles (1)
- Gibberellin (1)
- Gießharz (1)
- Gießharzpräparate (1)
- Glacial relict species (1)
- Glanzstreifen (1)
- Glasfaser (1)
- Glial biology (1)
- Glial development (1)
- Gliomas (1)
- Global DNA methylation (1)
- Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) (1)
- Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database (1)
- Globaler Wandel (1)
- Globalwandel (1)
- Gloxinia perennis (1)
- Glucan (1)
- Glucan water dikinase (1)
- Glucan, water dikinase (1)
- Glucan-Wasser-Dikinase (1)
- Glucanotransferase (1)
- Glucolipotoxizität (1)
- Glucosedehydrogenase (1)
- Glucosinolates (1)
- Glutamat (1)
- Glutamine (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Glutathionperoxidase-2 GPx2 (1)
- Glycated hemoglobin (1)
- Glycated hemoglobin; HbA1c; diabetes; biosensor; immunosensor; enzyme sensor; electrochemical; amperometric; immunoassay; diagnostics; haptoglobin; im (1)
- Glycin-Decarboxylase-Komplex (=GCV) (1)
- Glycin-Spaltsystem (1)
- Glycin-Synthase-Komplex (Umkehrung von GCV) (1)
- Glycopolymer brush (1)
- Glycosylierung (1)
- Glycosyltransferase (1)
- Glykiertes Hämoglobin; HbA1c; Diabetes; Biosensor; Immunosensor; Enzymsensor; amperometrisch; elektrochemisch; Immunoassay; Diagnostik; Haptoglobin; (1)
- Glykogen (1)
- Glyphosate (1)
- Gold nanoparticle (1)
- Goldenrod (1)
- Golgi (1)
- Gondwana (1)
- Gondwana break-up (1)
- Good modelling practice (1)
- Gradients (1)
- Gram negative (1)
- Graph (1)
- Graph theory (1)
- Graphtheorie (1)
- Grasland (1)
- Grass flush (1)
- Grassland diversity (1)
- Grasslands (1)
- Greenhouse experiment (1)
- Grewia flava (1)
- Griffithsin (1)
- Grime strategy (1)
- Grip strength (1)
- Gross growth efficiency (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Growth Regulate Factor (1)
- Growth adjustment (1)
- Growth efficiency (1)
- Growth faltering (1)
- Growth hormone (1)
- Growth modelling (1)
- Growth rates (1)
- Growth reference values (1)
- Growth rings (1)
- Growth signaling (1)
- Growth-rate (1)
- Grundwasser (1)
- Grus japonensis (1)
- Grus monacha (1)
- Grünland (1)
- Gubernatrix cristata (1)
- Guild (1)
- Guppies poecilia-reticulata (1)
- Gustafson-Kessel (1)
- Gut contractions (1)
- Gute-Gene (1)
- Gutmicrobiota (1)
- Gymnophiona (1)
- H16 (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- H2S-Biosynthese (1)
- H3K27me3 Methylation (1)
- H3K4me (1)
- H3K9ac (1)
- HAC1 (1)
- HB13 (1)
- HDA (1)
- HGT (1)
- HIV Erkrankung (1)
- HMA (1)
- HMA sponge (1)
- HPµF (1)
- HS transcriptional memory (1)
- HS-Transkriptionsgedächtnis (1)
- HSE (1)
- HSFA3 (1)
- HTHP (1)
- HUVEC (1)
- Haberlea rhodopensis (1)
- Habitability (1)
- Habitabilität (1)
- Habitat choice (1)
- Habitat filtering (1)
- Habitat gradients (1)
- Habitat heterogeneity (1)
- Habitat preferences (1)
- Habitat selection (1)
- Habitat specialist (1)
- Habitatmodell (1)
- Habrophlebiodes (1)
- Haemoproteus (1)
- Hair matrix (1)
- Haldane's rule (1)
- Hamiltonella (1)
- Hamiltonella defensa (1)
- Handkraft (1)
- Hangman porphyrin (1)
- Hangneigung (1)
- Hantaviren (1)
- Hantavirus-Erkrankung (1)
- Harmful algal bloom (1)
- Harmful algal blooms (1)
- Haupthistokompatibilitätskomplex (1)
- Hawaii (1)
- HbA1c (1)
- Health risk assessment (1)
- Heart regeneration (1)
- Heat stress (1)
- Heat stress memory, Heat shock factors, Mediator subunits, MED23, MED32, Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Heat stress response (1)
- Heavy-chain only antibodies (1)
- Hedgerow (1)
- Hefe (1)
- Height z-score (1)
- Helarctos malayanus (1)
- Heliconiaceae (1)
- Helix <beta-> (1)
- Hemodialysis (1)
- Henlesche Schleife (1)
- HepG2 hepatocytes (1)
- HepG2-Zellen (1)
- Hepatitis E virus (1)
- Herb diversity (1)
- Herbicide exposure (1)
- Herbivores (1)
- Herbivorous insects (1)
- Herbizide (1)
- Heritability (1)
- Herstellung (1)
- Herzentwicklung (1)
- Herzklappe (1)
- Herzmuskelkrankheit (1)
- Heterocarpy (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- Heterogeneity species diversity relationship (1)
- Heteroptera (1)
- Heterotrophic activity (1)
- Heterotrophic tissues (1)
- Heterotrophy (1)
- Heubacillus ; Pectat-Lyase ; Helix <beta-> (1)
- Hexapoda (1)
- Hexokinase (1)
- HiT selection (1)
- Hidden Markov models (1)
- Hierarchical partitioning of variance (1)
- High Power LED Array (1)
- High affinity binding (1)
- High forest (1)
- High osmolarity (1)
- High resolution (1)
- High-throughput next-generation sequencing (1)
- Hill exponent (1)
- Hippocampal neurogenesis (1)
- Hippotragus leucophaeus (1)
- Histidin-Metall Koordination (1)
- Histidine transport (1)
- Histon Methylierung (1)
- Histone H3K4 trimethylation (1)
- Histone Modification (1)
- Histone deacetylase inhibitor (1)
- Historic land use (1)
- Historic literature (1)
- Historical ecology (1)
- Hitzeschock-Transkriptionsfaktor (1)
- Hitzestress (1)
- Hitzestress-Gedächtnis (1)
- Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung (1)
- Hochleistungs-LED-Array (1)
- Holozän (1)
- Home range size (1)
- Home-site advantage (1)
- Homeostasis (1)
- Homogeneous immunoassay (1)
- Homoger Immunoassay (1)
- Homologous recombination (1)
- Honey bee (1)
- Hordeum vulgare (1)
- Horizontal gene transfer (1)
- Horse (1)
- Horticulture (1)
- Host adaptation (1)
- Host shift (1)
- Host-symbiont interaction (1)
- Housekeeping genes (1)
- HsbA (1)
- Huftiere (1)
- Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP) (1)
- Human Physiome (1)
- Human carrying capacity (1)
- Human evolution (1)
- Human face (1)
- Human hair follicle (1)
- Human impact (1)
- Human mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Human population genomics (1)
- Human serum albumin (1)
- Human used-drugs (1)
- Humanization (1)
- Humans (1)
- Humic acids (1)
- Humid forest (1)
- Humus reproduction (1)
- Hund (1)
- Huntington (1)
- Huntington disease (1)
- Hybrid capture (1)
- Hybrid nanofilms (1)
- Hybrid prediction (1)
- Hybridisierung (1)
- Hybridom (1)
- Hybridomtechnik (1)
- Hybrids (1)
- Hybridzerfall (1)
- Hydrenchyma (1)
- Hydrogen isotopes (delta D) (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hydrogenomonas eutrophus (1)
- Hydrology (1)
- Hydrophilie (1)
- Hydrothermalzeit-Modell (1)
- Hydroxyapatit (1)
- Hyena (1)
- Hymenolepis (1)
- Hyperakkumulation (1)
- Hyperoxide (1)
- Hyponasty (1)
- Hypopharyngeal gland (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- Hypoxidaceae (1)
- Hypsipetes philippinus (1)
- Hyäne (1)
- Hämatopoetische Stammzellen (1)
- Hämatopoiese (1)
- Hämoglobin A / Bestimmung / Biosensor / Amperometrie (1)
- Hämolyse (1)
- Höhe (1)
- Hülsenfrüchtler (1)
- IACS (1)
- IAV particles (1)
- IAV-Partikel (1)
- IB (1)
- IB4 (1)
- ICP OES (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- IDPs (1)
- IL-12 (1)
- INCURVATA11 (1)
- INDETERMINATE DOMAIN protein (1)
- INDETERMINATE DOMAIN-Protein (1)
- INST-MFA (1)
- IP3 (1)
- IP3-Rezeptor (1)
- IP3-receptor (1)
- IR (1)
- IR laser (1)
- IRF3 (1)
- ISC (1)
- Iberia (1)
- Iberian lynx (1)
- Identifizierung (1)
- Immune evasion cluster (1)
- Immunfluoreszenz (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Immunization (1)
- Immunoassay; GDH-biosensor; Phenolische Substanzen; Vor-Ort-Analytik; FIA; ß-Galactosidase; Abwasseranalytik (1)
- Immunodeficient mice models (1)
- Immunogene Proteine (1)
- Immunogenic Proteins (1)
- Immunologie (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunosensor (1)
- Immunscreening (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Impatiens (1)
- Import (1)
- Importin (1)
- Impranil PU degradation (1)
- In vitro dissolution (1)
- In vitro expression (1)
- In vitro protein synthesis (1)
- In vitro transcription (1)
- In vitro transcription technology (1)
- In vitro translation (1)
- In vitro-Immunisierung (1)
- In vivo biotinylation (1)
- In-vitro-Transkriptionstechnologie (1)
- Index Seminum (1)
- Indicator species (1)
- Indicators (1)
- Indium tin oxide (1)
- Indium tin oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Individual based model (1)
- Individual size (1)
- Individual-based modelling (1)
- Individuen-basierende Modelle (1)
- Indo-European (1)
- Indochina (1)
- Indonesian National Growth Reference Charts (1)
- Induction of antibody responses (1)
- Inert ingredients (1)
- Infanticide (1)
- Infanticide risk (1)
- Influenza A Viren (1)
- Influenza A Virus (1)
- Influenza virus detection (1)
- Influenza-A (1)
- Influenza-A-Virus (1)
- Information (1)
- Inhibitory cytokines (1)
- Injection-molding (1)
- Innate immunity (1)
- Inner-city area (1)
- Inorganic carbon accumulation (1)
- Inorganic phosphorus limitation (1)
- Inosite (1)
- Insect conservation (1)
- Insect epithelia (1)
- Insect herbivore (1)
- Insect lysate (1)
- Insektizide (1)
- Instructional (1)
- Integrase 1 (1)
- Integrated environmental modelling (1)
- Integration sites (1)
- Integrative Analyse (1)
- Integrative analysis (1)
- Interaction of T and B cells with antigen-presenting cells (1)
- Interactive effects (1)
- Interactors (1)
- Interaktions Netzwerk (1)
- Interaktionsstudie (1)
- Interaktoren (1)
- Intercellular crosstalk (1)
- Interdisciplinary links (1)
- Interferon <beta-> (1)
- Interleukin-35 (1)
- Intermediate disturbance hypothesis (1)
- Intermittent cycles (1)
- Internal pH (1)
- Internal transcribed spacer (1)
- Internal waves (1)
- Internalin B (1)
- Internalin J (1)
- Interspecific aggression (1)
- Interspecific interaction (1)
- Intervertebral disc (1)
- Intraspecific competition (1)
- Intraspecific functional variability (1)
- Intraspecific genetic variation (1)
- Intraspezifische Variation (1)
- Intrinsically disordered proteins (1)
- Introgression Lines (1)
- Invasive plant species (1)
- Invertase (1)
- Invertebrate (1)
- Invertebrate pores (1)
- Inverted emulsion-based method (1)
- Ion channels (1)
- Ion leakage (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ion optics (1)
- Ionenkanal (1)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie (IMS) (1)
- Ionic liquid (1)
- Ionmobility spectrometry (1)
- Ips typographus (1)
- Island colonization (1)
- Isoenzyme (1)
- Isoformen (1)
- Isothermal amplification (1)
- Isothermal nucleic acid amplification (1)
- Isotope Effect (1)
- Isotope dilution analysis (1)
- Issue 119 (1)
- Issue 95 (1)
- Isthmus of Kra (1)
- Ixodidae (1)
- JUMONJI (1)
- JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1/ANAC042) (1)
- Jaguar (1)
- Javan leopard (1)
- Jena experiment (1)
- Juan Fernandez Archipelago (1)
- K-ir-like (1)
- KAT1 (1)
- KLF2 (1)
- Kalahari (1)
- Kaliumion (1)
- Kalorimetrie (1)
- Kalzit (1)
- Kalzium (1)
- Kanalisierung (1)
- Kapillarelektrophorese (1)
- Kartoffelknolle (1)
- Karube (1)
- Kaskadeneffekte (1)
- Katalyse (1)
- Katze (1)
- Keimungsrate (1)
- Kenya (1)
- Keratella cochlearis (1)
- Keratinozyten (1)
- Kernel estimation (1)
- Kernlokalisierungssignal (1)
- Kettle hole (1)
- Keystone species (1)
- Kidney Transplantation (1)
- Killer whale (1)
- Klassifikation der Landbedeckung (1)
- Kleinsäuger (1)
- Klick-Chemie (1)
- Klima (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Knock in Mäuse (1)
- KoRV (1)
- Koexistenz Mechanismen (1)
- Koexistenz unter wechselnden Bedingungen (1)
- Koexistenz von Arten (1)
- Koexpression Netzwerk Analysen (1)
- Kohlenhydrat Erkennung (1)
- Kohlenhydrat-Protein Interaction (1)
- Kohlenhydrat-Protein-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Kohlenhydrate (1)
- Kohlenstoff (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Konzentrationsmechanismus (1)
- Kohlenstofffixerung (1)
- Kohlenstoffisotope (1)
- Kohlenstoffmetabolismus (1)
- Kohlenstoffspeicherung (1)
- Kokain (1)
- Kolonialität (1)
- Kombinationstherapie (1)
- Kompartiment-Modelle (1)
- Komplexauge (1)
- Komposite (1)
- Kompromiss (1)
- Konfokale Mikroskopie (1)
- Konkurrenz (1)
- Konsequenzen von Fang und Besenderung (1)
- Kontraception (1)
- Korngröße (1)
- Korrelation (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Krankheitsausbruch (1)
- Krankheitserreger (1)
- Krebs (1)
- Krebsbiomarker (1)
- Krebserkennung (1)
- Krebstherapie (1)
- Kriging (1)
- Kruppel-like factor 2 (1)
- Kucukcekmece Lagoon (1)
- Kupffer Cells (1)
- Kv1 (1)
- Kälteakklimatisierung (1)
- Kältestress (1)
- Körperbautyp (1)
- Körperfett (1)
- Körperzusammensetzung (1)
- L-cysteine desulfurase (1)
- L-morph (1)
- L-systems (1)
- LAMP (1)
- LAVESI (1)
- LC-FT-MS (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LC-OCD (1)
- LC-OCD-OND (1)
- LC/MS (1)
- LCM (1)
- LEA (1)
- LEA protein (1)
- LEA proteins (1)
- LED (1)
- LEUNIG LEUNIG_HOMOLOG SEUSS SEUSS-LIKEs Arabidopsis embryogenesis WOX2-module HD-ZIPIII (1)
- LFA (1)
- LHCII (1)
- LIKE-AUX1 (LAX) (1)
- LINC complex (1)
- LIS1 (1)
- LOC (1)
- LSD1 (1)
- LSU (1)
- LUX (1)
- Lab on chip (1)
- Lab-on-a-chip (1)
- Label-free imaging (1)
- Labeled membrane proteins (1)
- Labor demand (1)
- Labour market outcome (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Lactarius subgenus Plinthogali (1)
- Lactuca serriola (1)
- Lady slipper balsam (1)
- Lake Bolshoe Toko (1)
- Lake Naivasha (1)
- Lake TaiHu (1)
- Lake Xingxinghai (1)
- Lake sediments (1)
- Lakes (1)
- Lambert-Beer (1)
- Lampetra (1)
- Land Reform (1)
- Land management (1)
- Land reform (1)
- Land use management (1)
- Land use type (1)
- Land-use (1)
- Land-use impacts (1)
- Land-use intensification (1)
- Land-use legacy (1)
- Land-use modeling (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landnutzungshistorie (1)
- Landscape connectivity (1)
- Landscape eutrophication (1)
- Landscape genetics (1)
- Landscape metrics (1)
- Landscape simulator (1)
- Landschaftsanalyse (1)
- Landschaftsheterogenität (1)
- Langmuir-Blodgett films (1)
- Langmuir-Schaefer (1)
- Langmuir-Schaefer method (1)
- Langzeitaustrocknung (1)
- Langzeitveränderung (1)
- Laos (1)
- Larch (1)
- Large ungulates (1)
- Large-area mapping (1)
- Laser spectroscopy (1)
- Last glacial maximum (1)
- Late Glacial and Holocene (1)
- Late Holocene (1)
- Late Quaternary (1)
- Late embryogenesis abundant (1)
- Lateral flow (1)
- Lateral flow assay (LFA) (1)
- Lateralization (1)
- Laubstreu (1)
- Leaf (1)
- Leaf Cell (1)
- Leaf area index (1)
- Leaf axil (1)
- Leaf cavitation (1)
- Leaf litter (1)
- Leaf maltose content (1)
- Leaf metabolism (1)
- Leaf shape (1)
- Leaf trichomes (1)
- Lebensmittelanalytik (1)
- Lebensraumnutzung (1)
- Lebenszyklustheorie (1)
- Leber congenital amaurosis (1)
- Leghämoglobin (1)
- Legionella (1)
- Legionellen (1)
- Legislation (1)
- Leguminosae (1)
- Leguminosenlektin (1)
- Lehramtsstudium Biologie (1)
- Lemna minor (1)
- LemnaTec (1)
- Lemnaceae (1)
- Len (1)
- Lena Delta (1)
- Lens (1)
- Lentibulariaceae (1)
- Leopard cat (1)
- Leptospheria (1)
- Leptospira spp (1)
- Lernen und Gedächtnis (1)
- Lesion formation (1)
- Lesser antilles (1)
- Leucine-Rich Repeat (1)
- Leucogeranus leucogeranus (1)
- Leucos (1)
- Leukocyte Receptor Complex LRC KIR ILT FCAR Immunglobulin Evolution Immunsystem SNP HRCA (1)
- Leukocyte Receptor Complex LRC KIR ILT FCAR immunoglobulin evolution SNP HRCA (1)
- Leukotriene B4 (1)
- Licht (1)
- Licht-induzierte (1)
- Lichtanpassung (1)
- Lichtverschmutzung (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Life history strategies (1)
- Life history traits (1)
- Life span (1)
- Life-history traits (1)
- Light (1)
- Light availability (1)
- Light pollution (1)
- Light reactions (1)
- Light-harvesting complex (LHC II) (1)
- Lignin: N ratio (1)
- Like-Early Starvation 1 (1)
- Like-Early starvation protein (1)
- Limited proteolysis (1)
- Limits of life (1)
- Limnologie (1)
- Lipase (1)
- Lipid Synthese (1)
- Lipid synthesis (1)
- Lipide / Doppelschicht (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Lipidsynthese (1)
- Lipogenesis (1)
- Lipophagie (1)
- Lipoxygenase (1)
- Lissencephaly (1)
- Litoral (1)
- Litter (1)
- Litter raking (1)
- Littoral (1)
- Liver (1)
- Livestock density (1)
- Livestock type (1)
- Local and regional vegetation (1)
- Local plant-abundance (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Locally (1)
- Locomotion (1)
- Locomotion costs (1)
- Locustella ochotensis (1)
- Lolium multiflorum (1)
- Lolium perenne (1)
- Lonchocarpus bussei (1)
- Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (1)
- Long-distance migrant (1)
- Long-distance seed dispersal (1)
- Longitudinal (1)
- Lotus japonicus (1)
- Low back pain (1)
- Lower Havel River Region (1)
- Lumpiness in pattern formation and self-organization (1)
- Lutra lutra (1)
- Lying (1)
- Lynx (1)
- Lynx lynx (1)
- LysM receptor kinase (1)
- Lysosom (1)
- Lythrum salicaria (1)
- Lärche (1)
- M-Bandenmodell (1)
- M-band model (1)
- M1-Lipide (1)
- M1-M1 interaction (1)
- M1-M1-Interaktion (1)
- M1-lipids (1)
- MABC-2 (1)
- MADS (1)
- MADS-box transcription factor (1)
- MAMPs (1)
- MAP kinase (1)
- MAPK phosphatase (1)
- MAT (1)
- MC38 (1)
- MCPH (1)
- MEX1 (1)
- MHC Klasse II (1)
- MHC diversity (1)
- MHC polymorphism (1)
- MIP (1)
- MIP sensor (1)
- MIS 5 to 1 (1)
- MLST (1)
- MM (1)
- MOBAK 1 (1)
- MOCS2 (1)
- MODIS (1)
- MONOPTEROS (ARF5) (1)
- MTOC (1)
- MTP (1)
- MTP1 (1)
- MTP2 (1)
- MTP3 (1)
- MUC1 (1)
- MVA (1)
- Macarorchestia martini (1)
- Macarorchestia roffensis (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Macrobrachium rosenbergii (1)
- Macroclimatic gradient (1)
- Macrophage-like phenotype (1)
- Macrophytes (1)
- Madagascar (1)
- Mahd (1)
- Mais (1)
- Maiszünsler (1)
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (1)
- Makrophagen-Aktivierung (1)
- Makrophyten (1)
- Maldanidae (1)
- Male mate choice (1)
- Malnutrition (1)
- Maltodextrin (1)
- Maltose Metabolism (1)
- Maltose assay (1)
- Maltose metabolism (1)
- Management intensity (1)
- Management units (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Mantellidae (1)
- Mantodea (1)
- Marine ecology (1)
- Marine ecosystems (1)
- Marine mammals (1)
- Markov model (1)
- Marsanaloge Regolithe (1)
- Martian regolith analogs (1)
- Maschinelles-Lernen (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Mass action system (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mass-balanced reactions (1)
- Mate choice copying (1)
- Mate preferences (1)
- Material binding peptides (1)
- Maternal effects (1)
- Maternal relationships (1)
- Mathematical model (1)
- Mating preferences (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Matrix model (1)
- Matrix vegetation (1)
- Maus Aldehydoxidase1 (1)
- Maxent (1)
- Maximum population (1)
- Maßstabsabhängigkeit (1)
- Mboost (1)
- MbtH (1)
- Mcy gene (1)
- Meadows (1)
- Meat storage (1)
- Mechanical stimulation (1)
- Mechanically-induced stress (1)
- Mechanisms (1)
- Mechanistic effect models (1)
- Mechanistic models (1)
- Mechanistische Modelle (1)
- Mechanobiologie (1)
- Mechanoperception (1)
- Mechanosensation (1)
- Mechanosensing (1)
- Med-Checklist (1)
- Medicago (1)
- Medicinal plants (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Mediterranean Europe (1)
- Mediterranean island (1)
- Mediterranean shrubland (1)
- Mediterranean temporary ponds (1)
- Mehrkomponentenanalyse (1)
- Melainabacteria (1)
- Membran (1)
- Membranbindung (1)
- Membrandeformation (1)
- Membrane deformation (1)
- Membrane protein (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Membranfluidität (1)
- Menschenobhut (1)
- Mercaptoundecanoic acid (1)
- Merkmalsvariation (1)
- Merkmalsvielfalt (1)
- Mesenchymal stem cell (1)
- Mesophyll (1)
- Mesophyll tissue (1)
- Mesostigmata (1)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) (1)
- Messenger-RNS (1)
- Metabolic Engineering (1)
- Metabolic Modeling (1)
- Metabolic Regulation (1)
- Metabolic models (1)
- Metabolic network (1)
- Metabolic pathways (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- Metabolische Netzwerke (1)
- Metabolismus von Medikamenten (1)
- Metabolite Profiling (1)
- Metabolite QTL (1)
- Metabolite network (1)
- Metabolite profiles (1)
- Metabolite-protein interactions (1)
- Metabolitprofil (1)
- Metabolom (1)
- Metabolome (1)
- Metabolome analysis (1)
- Metacommunity dynamics (1)
- Metagemeinschaft (1)
- Metal Metabolism (1)
- Metal homeostasis (1)
- Metallkation (1)
- Metalloenzymes (1)
- Metals (1)
- Metapopulation dynamics (1)
- Metatranscriptomic (1)
- Methan (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanemission (1)
- Methankreislauf (1)
- Methanogene (1)
- Methanogene Archaeen (1)
- Methanogenic archaea (1)
- Methanotrophe (1)
- Method (1)
- Methodological quality (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylheptadecanes (1)
- Methylotrophie (1)
- Metrik-Index (1)
- MiSpEx (1)
- Mice (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro-RNA (1)
- Micro-algae (1)
- Micro-translantation (1)
- Microarray data (1)
- Microbeads (1)
- Microbial activities (1)
- Microbial carbon transfer (1)
- Microbial communities (1)
- Microbial community (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbial electrochemistry (1)
- Microbicide (1)
- Microbiome assembly (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microcebus berthae (1)
- Microcebus murinus (1)
- Microchip (1)
- Microcystins (1)
- Microcystis sp (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microgale (1)
- Microphthalmia associated transcription factor (1)
- Microplastics (MP) (1)
- Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) (1)
- Microscale electrode (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Microsite degradation (1)
- Microspore (1)
- Microtubule (1)
- Microtus (1)
- Microviridin (1)
- Mid-Holocene (1)
- Mikroalgen (1)
- Mikrobielle Gemeinschaften (1)
- Mikrochip (1)
- Mikrogel (1)
- Mikroheizung (1)
- Mikroplastikpartikel (1)
- Mikroskop (1)
- Mikrostrukturierung (1)
- Mikroviskosität (1)
- Military areas (1)
- Milk (1)
- Mineralisation (1)
- Minimum convex polygons (MCPs) (1)
- Minimum information recommendations (1)
- Minimum landing size (1)
- Mining lakes (1)
- Mitochondrial control region I (1)
- Mitochondrial gene order (1)
- Mitochondrial genomes (1)
- Mitochondrial recombination (1)
- Mitochondrial replacement (1)
- Mittelamerika (1)
- Mitteleuropa (1)
- Mittelmeerraum (1)
- MoaA (1)
- Moco (1)
- Moco-Biosynthese (1)
- Model Analysis (1)
- Model Implementation (1)
- Model analysis (1)
- Model calibration (1)
- Model comparison (1)
- Model improvement; (1)
- Model ranking (1)
- Model structure (1)
- Model validation (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modelle der Nahrungsnetze (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modelling Framework (1)
- Modelling framework (1)
- Modelling functional diversity (1)
- Modern pollen-vegetation relationships (1)
- Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (1)
- Modified electrode (1)
- Modified primers (1)
- Moesin (1)
- Molecular biology (1)
- Molecular dielectrophoresis (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular medicine (1)
- Molecular methods (1)
- Molecular modeling (1)
- Molecular phylogenetics (1)
- Molecular profile data (1)
- Molecular typing (1)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymer film (1)
- Molekular-dynamik (1)
- Molekulardynamik-Simulation (1)
- Molekulare Modellierung (1)
- Molekulare Profildaten (1)
- Molekülmodelle (1)
- Molybdenum Cofaktor (1)
- Molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic (1)
- Molybdenum-iron-iron-sulfur cluster (1)
- Molybdo-flavoenzymes (1)
- Molybdoflavoenzyme (1)
- Molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide cofactor (1)
- Molybdän (1)
- Moment closure (1)
- Moment closure for trait-based aggregate model approaches (1)
- Monads (1)
- Monazite growth (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monoclonal MIPs (1)
- Monogononta (1)
- Monoschicht (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (1)
- Moorsukzession (1)
- Moos-Mikroben-Interaktion (1)
- Moos-assoziierte Methanoxidation (1)
- Moos-assoziierte Methanproduktion (1)
- Moraceae (1)
- Morbus Alzheimer (1)
- Morethia boulengeri (1)
- Mormyroidea (1)
- Morphological evolution (1)
- Morphologie <Biologie> (1)
- Morphometrics (1)
- Morphometry (1)
- Mortality causes (1)
- Mortalität (1)
- Motifs (1)
- Motion (1)
- Moving window (1)
- Mucin (1)
- Multi-cofactor enzymes (1)
- Multi-factorial environmental change (1)
- Multi-functionality index (1)
- Multi-grain sampling (1)
- Multi-scale analysis (1)
- Multi-species (1)
- Multi-spectral data (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Multimedia learning (1)
- Multimodal trait distributions (1)
- Multimodel ensemble (1)
- Multiparameter (1)
- Multiple-Sklerose (1)
- Multiplex PCR (1)
- Multiplexed assays (1)
- Multispecies coalescent (1)
- Multispecies-coalescent (1)
- Multistationarity (1)
- Multivalenz (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Multiwalled carbon nanotube (1)
- Muntjac (1)
- Murella (1)
- Murine leukemia virus (1)
- Muscle LIM Protein (MLP) (1)
- Mushroom body (1)
- Mushrooms (1)
- Muskel (1)
- Muskel-Sehnen-Verbindung (1)
- Muskel-Skelett-System / Bewegungsapparat (1)
- Mutagenität (1)
- Mutation (1)
- Mutations (1)
- Mutual Information (1)
- Mutualism (1)
- Muzin (1)
- Mycophagy (1)
- Mycorrhiza (1)
- Mycorrhizal symbiosis (1)
- Mykorrhiza (1)
- Mykorrhizasymbiose (1)
- Myocardium (1)
- Myodes voles (1)
- Myodus glareolus (1)
- Myofibrille (1)
- Myotis myotis (1)
- Myotis spp. (1)
- N (1)
- N efficiency (1)
- N protein (1)
- N-ligands (1)
- N-omega-hydroxy-L-arginine (1)
- NAAT-LFA (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NCDs (1)
- NCI3 (1)
- NDSI (1)
- NDVI (1)
- NET (1)
- NF-B (1)
- NF-X1 (1)
- NF-kappaB (1)
- NFAT (1)
- NH4Cl prepulse (1)
- NHE (1)
- NHR2 (1)
- NIA1 (1)
- NIA2 (1)
- NIF (1)
- NIR (1)
- NOR (1)
- NOS-like activity (1)
- NP-completeness (1)
- NQR (1)
- NWEurope (1)
- NZO (1)
- Na+ - NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (1)
- Na+/H+ antiporter (1)
- Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nagetiere (1)
- Nagoya-protocol (1)
- Nahrungsmittelallergie (1)
- Nahrungssuche (1)
- Naive single chain library (1)
- Naja guineensis sp nov. (1)
- Naja melanoleuca (1)
- Naja savannula sp nov. (1)
- Nanobead (1)
- Nanoelektroden (1)
- Nanogel (1)
- Nanohybrid (1)
- Nanohyla gen. nov (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanoparticle uptake (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanostructuring (1)
- Nanotoxicology (1)
- Natura 2000 (1)
- Natural Products (1)
- Natural population (1)
- Natural product (1)
- Natural selection (1)
- Naturally rare species (1)
- Nature conservation management (1)
- Naturschutzgenetik (1)
- Naturwald (1)
- Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) (1)
- Neckbanding (1)
- Nectar (1)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- Neisseria meningitidis (1)
- Nekrose (1)
- Nektar (1)
- Neofinetia (1)
- Neogen (1)
- Neolithic (1)
- Neonatal chick (1)
- Neoromicia (1)
- Neottieae (1)
- Nest protection (1)
- Nested and overlapping genes (1)
- NetLogo (1)
- Nettoproduktion (1)
- Network (1)
- Network embedding (1)
- Neu-Delhi Metallo-Beta-Laktamase 1 (NDM-1) (1)
- Neuritenwachstum (1)
- Neuroendocrine tumors (1)
- Neuropeptide Y (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- Neurotransmitter-Rezeptor (1)
- Neurotransmitters (1)
- Neutral landscape model (1)
- New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) (1)
- New species (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Next-generation modelling (1)
- Next/second-generation sequencing (1)
- Ni electrodes (1)
- Niche partitioning (1)
- Nicht-Ziel-Arthropoden (1)
- Nicht-Zielorganismen (1)
- Nichtgleichgewichts-Dynamiken (1)
- Nicotiana tabacum (1)
- Nicotinamide (1)
- Niere (1)
- Nilhechte <Familie> (1)
- Nischen-Aufteilung (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitric oxide synthase (1)
- Nitric oxide synthase-like activity (1)
- Nitro-tyrosine (1)
- Nitrogen cycling (1)
- Nitrospirae (1)
- Nocardioides alcanivorans (1)
- Noccaea (1)
- Noctilio albiventris (1)
- Nodulin (1)
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- Non-breeding area (1)
- Non-invasive (1)
- Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Non-stationarity (1)
- Non-target terrestrial plants (1)
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) (1)
- Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) (1)
- Noncoding RNAs (1)
- Nonindigenous (1)
- Noninnocence (1)
- Noninvasive sampling (1)
- Nonlinear optical microscopy (1)
- Nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Normal and beta distribution (1)
- North Sea (1)
- Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (1)
- Nosema spp. (1)
- Notch (1)
- Ntn hydrolases (1)
- Nuclear envelope (1)
- Nuclear lamina (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Nuclear proteomics (1)
- Nucleosome occupancy (1)
- Nucleotide-gated channel (1)
- Nudix hydrolase (1)
- Nukleinsäuren (1)
- Nukleosidase (1)
- Null model (1)
- Null models (1)
- Nullmodell (1)
- Number and Brightness (1)
- Number of taste organs (1)
- Nurse bee (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nutrient availability (1)
- Nutrient concentrations (1)
- Nutrient cycling (1)
- Nutrient limitation (1)
- Nutritional ecology (1)
- Nyctalus aviator (1)
- Nyctalus noctula (1)
- Nycteribiidae (1)
- Nyquist-shannon sampling theorem (1)
- Nützlinge (1)
- O-Antigen (1)
- O-antigen specificity (1)
- ODD (Overview, Design concepts, Details) protocol (1)
- ODD model description (1)
- ODE model (1)
- OEG-OPG-OEG triblock copolymer (1)
- OGB-1 (1)
- OPA1 (1)
- ORE1 (1)
- ORESARA1 (ORE1/ANAC092) (1)
- OSIRIS (1)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (1)
- Oberflächenladung (1)
- Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie (SPR-Spektroskopie) (1)
- Oberflächentemperatur (1)
- Object capability (1)
- Oceanic distribution (1)
- Ochromonas spp. (1)
- Oderbruch (1)
- Odour recognition (1)
- Offending (1)
- Office chair (1)
- Oil Palm (1)
- Old-age pension (1)
- Oligo(ethylene glycol) derivatization (1)
- Oligomer (1)
- Oligosaccharide (1)
- OmpG (1)
- On Chip PCR (1)
- On-Chip-PCR (1)
- One Plan Approach (1)
- One-carbon (1)
- Ontogenie (1)
- Oocytes (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Oomycetous pathogen (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Operon (1)
- Operon copy number (1)
- Opportunistic pathogen (1)
- Optical device (1)
- Optical remote sensing (1)
- Optimal foraging (1)
- Optimality (1)
- Optimalität (1)
- Optimierung von Biosynthesewegen (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Opto-mechanically induced scission of (1)
- Optogenetik (1)
- Orchard grass (1)
- Ordnung der Partikel auf der Oberfläche (1)
- Organ Groth (1)
- Organgröße (1)
- Organic dyes (1)
- Organic farming (1)
- Organic matter (1)
- Organic matter degradation (1)
- Organic matter mineralization (1)
- Organischer Bodenkohlenstoff (1)
- Organization (1)
- Organization model (1)
- Organophosphate (1)
- Ornamental plants (1)
- Orthoptera (1)
- Oryza sativa ssp japonica cv. taipei 309 (1)
- OsDUR3 (1)
- Osmium (1)
- Osmotrophy (1)
- Ostafrika (1)
- Osteoblast (1)
- Osteogenese (1)
- Osteoglossomorpha (1)
- Ostpreußen (1)
- Ostrinia nubilalis (1)
- Overexpression targets (1)
- Overgrazing (1)
- Oxidase Subunit-I (1)
- Oxidation (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxidoreduktase (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Oxytricha (1)
- Oxytricha spp. (1)
- Ozeanversauerung (1)
- P ratios (1)
- P-31 NMR (1)
- P-Typ ATPase (1)
- P-bodies (1)
- P22 Tailspikeprotein (1)
- P22 tailspike protein (1)
- PAM (1)
- PAM fluorometry (1)
- PAMP (1)
- PAMPs (1)
- PARAFAC (1)
- PAS domain (1)
- PATELLIN (1)
- PAs (1)
- PBDE (1)
- PCB (1)
- PCDitch (1)
- PCK (1)
- PDE delta (1)
- PDE6D (1)
- PEEU (1)
- PEG model (1)
- PER (1)
- PGR5 (1)
- PHS2 (1)
- PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PICF6 (1)
- PIF (1)
- PIN (1)
- PISA (1)
- PKB/Akt (1)
- PLP-Walker A-overlap (1)
- PLP-Walker A-Überlagerung (1)
- PLS (1)
- PMoA (1)
- PNIPAM (1)
- POC (1)
- POCT (1)
- POL (1)
- POLS (1)
- PP2C phosphatase (1)
- PSI (plastic sphere of influence) (1)
- PTH (1)
- PUFA composition (1)
- PVA (population viability analysis) (1)
- PWD (1)
- Paarbindung (1)
- Paarungssystem (1)
- PacBio IsoSeq (1)
- PacBio and Illumina (1)
- Pacbio sequencing (1)
- Pace-of-Life Syndrom (1)
- Pachycladon (1)
- Palaeoclimate (1)
- Palaeolithic (1)
- Palaeozoic metamorphism New Zealand (1)
- Paleoecology (1)
- Paleogeography (1)
- Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic human-environment (1)
- Palmitat (1)
- Palmöl (1)
- Paläontologie (1)
- Paläovegetation (1)
- PanTHERIA (1)
- Panthera Pardus (1)
- Panthera pardus (1)
- Pantoea stewartii (1)
- Papageien (1)
- Papierchromatographie (1)
- Paracetamol (1)
- Paradisaeidae (1)
- Paraechinus aethiopicus (1)
- Paramutation (1)
- Parasite (1)
- Parasiten (1)
- Parasites (1)
- Parasitierung (1)
- Paratethys (1)
- Parkinson's disease (1)
- Parkinson-Krankheit (1)
- Parrots (1)
- Particle-associated microorganisms (1)
- Passeriformes (1)
- Past 50 years (1)
- Pastoralism (1)
- Pastures (1)
- Patch isolation (1)
- Paternal effects (1)
- Pathogenantwort (1)
- Pathogenerkennung (1)
- Pathogenic detection (1)
- Pathogens (1)
- Pathway Abbildung (1)
- Pathwaysuche (1)
- Pattern-oriented modeling (1)
- Pattern-oriented parameter estimation (1)
- Pauridia (1)
- Pax6 (1)
- Peer group (1)
- Pektat-Lyase (1)
- Pektatlyase (1)
- Pektin (1)
- Pektinase (1)
- Pektine (1)
- Pektinsäure (1)
- Pelletbildung (1)
- Pelvic breadth (1)
- Penelopides Philippine hornbills (1)
- Penicillium (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Peptidyl-Prolyl-cis-trans Isomerisierung (1)
- Perca (1)
- Performance (1)
- Pericytes (1)
- Periplaneta (1)
- Periplasma (1)
- Permafrost ecosystem (1)
- Permafrostdegradation (1)
- Permafrostökosysteme (1)
- Permits (1)
- Peronospora farinosa (1)
- Peroxid (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Peroxidatic activity (1)
- Peroxide (1)
- Persea americana (1)
- Personalized medicine (1)
- Peru (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Pestizide (1)
- Pflanze-Pilz-Interaktionen (1)
- Pflanzen-Mikroben-Interaktionen (1)
- Pflanzenanpassung (1)
- Pflanzendiversitaet (1)
- Pflanzenentwicklung (1)
- Pflanzenernährung (1)
- Pflanzenforschung (1)
- Pflanzengemeinschaft (1)
- Pflanzenhormon (1)
- Pflanzenwissenschaften (1)
- Pflanzenzellen (1)
- Pflasterzelle (1)
- Pfotenödem Mausmodell (1)
- PhIP (1)
- Phage Display (1)
- Phage HK620 (1)
- Phage lysins (1)
- Phagen Infektion (1)
- Phagenlysine (1)
- Phalacridae (1)
- Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (1)
- Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (1)
- Pharmakodynamik (1)
- Pharmakokinetik (1)
- Phase relationships (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- PhenObs phenological network (1)
- Phenacetin (1)
- Phenanthrolindion (1)
- Phenobarbital (1)
- Phenol (1)
- Phenolic compounds (1)
- Phenolic substances (1)
- Phenomics (1)
- Phenothiazine (1)
- Phenotype (1)
- Phenotyping (1)
- Phloem (1)
- Phloemproteine (1)
- Pho1 (1)
- Pho2 (1)
- Phosphat akkumulierende Organismen (1)
- Phosphatase (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphate limitation (1)
- Phosphatidsäure (1)
- Phosphodiesterase (1)
- Phosphodiesterase delta-subunit (PDE delta) (1)
- Phosphoglucan water dikinase (1)
- Phosphoglucan, water dikinase (1)
- Phosphoglucan-Wasser-Dikinase (1)
- Phospholipide (1)
- Phosphoproteomik (1)
- Phosphorylase (1)
- Phosphorylation (1)
- Phosphorylation Site (1)
- Phosphorylation process (1)
- Phosphorylation sites (1)
- Phosphorylierungsprozess (1)
- Photoautotrophic tissues (1)
- Photoelektrchemischer Sensor (1)
- Photokatalyse (1)
- Photolysis (1)
- Photooxidation (1)
- Photoprotection (1)
- Photoreceptor (1)
- Photorespiration (1)
- Photosensitive polymer brushes (1)
- Photosystem I (1)
- Photosäure (1)
- Phototaxis (1)
- Phragmites australis (1)
- Phylogenese (1)
- Phylogeni (1)
- Physical Network (1)
- Physikalische Quervernetzung (1)
- Physiological mode of action (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Phytodiversität (1)
- Phytohormone (1)
- Phytol (1)
- Phytoplankton und Zooplankton (1)
- Phytoplanktonpopulationen (1)
- Phytosterols (1)
- Phytotoxicity (1)
- Phänologie (1)
- Phänotyp (1)
- Phänotypisierung (1)
- Picea abies (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Pilz-Endophyten (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Pipistrellus (1)
- Pipistrellus spp. (1)
- Place (1)
- PlanetScope (1)
- Planetensimulation (1)
- Plankton community (1)
- Planktonnahrungsnetz (1)
- Planktothrix (1)
- Plant Biochemistry (1)
- Plant chemical defense (1)
- Plant coexistence (1)
- Plant community ecology (1)
- Plant community modelling (1)
- Plant conservation (1)
- Plant cytosolic translation (1)
- Plant functional hairs (1)
- Plant functional type (1)
- Plant growth (1)
- Plant growth regulation (1)
- Plant hormones (1)
- Plant interactions (1)
- Plant invasions (1)
- Plant molecular biology (1)
- Plant performance (1)
- Plant phenotyping (1)
- Plant proteomics (1)
- Plant signalling (1)
- Plant soil feedbacks (1)
- Plant species richness (1)
- Plant traits (1)
- Plant transformation (1)
- Plant-animal interactions (1)
- Plant-community composition (1)
- Plant-pollinator interactions (1)
- Plantago major (1)
- Plasmamembran (1)
- Plasmodium falciparum (1)
- Plastibodies (1)
- Plastic (1)
- Plastic surfaces (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plastidial phosphorylase (1)
- Plastizität (1)
- Plastome-evolution (1)
- Plastomevolution (1)
- Pleistocene caballine horses (1)
- Pleistozän (1)
- Plio-Pleistocene (1)
- Ploidy (1)
- Poecile hypermelaenus (1)
- Poecile weigoldicus (1)
- Poecilia reticulata (1)
- Point density (1)
- Point of Care Assay and Vitamin A (1)
- Point of care testing (POCT) (1)
- Point-of-care (1)
- Point-of-care testing (1)
- Polish conscripts (1)
- Pollen dataset (1)
- Pollen-ovule ratio (1)
- Pollenkitt (1)
- Pollination experiment (1)
- Pollination syndromes (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Poly(A)-Polymerasen (1)
- Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamid (1)
- Polyandrie (1)
- Polychaeta (1)
- Polycomb (1)
- Polyculture (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyethylen (1)
- Polymer degradation (1)
- Polymer-Netzwerke (1)
- Polymerase chain reaction (1)
- Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymermembranen (1)
- Polyneuropathie (1)
- Polypodiales (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (1)
- Polyurie/ Polydipsie (1)
- Ponds (1)
- Ponsin (1)
- Ponto-Caspian region (1)
- Pontogammarus maeoticus (1)
- Population (1)
- Population Genetics - Empirical (1)
- Population cycle (1)
- Population history (1)
- Population management (1)
- Population size (1)
- Population-based model (1)
- Populationsbiologie (1)
- Populationsgefährdungsanalyse (1)
- Populationsgenetik (1)
- Populationskonnektivität (1)
- Populationspersistenz (1)
- Populationsstruktur (1)
- Populationsökologie (1)
- Porewater exchange (1)
- Porewater profiles (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Porphyra (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Porpicide (1)
- Post glacial colonization (1)
- Post mortem chemistry (1)
- Post-agricultural forest (1)
- Post-transcriptional modification (1)
- Potential natural vegetation (1)
- Potholes (1)
- Poverty (1)
- Poylaniline (1)
- Pre-existing bias (1)
- Pre-mRNA splicing (1)
- Precursor Z (1)
- Predation (1)
- Predator-prey cycles (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Predictive vegetation mapping (1)
- Preference (1)
- Pressure distribution (1)
- Preterminfants (1)
- Primates (1)
- Prime graphs (1)
- Primula forbesii (1)
- Primärproduktion (1)
- Primärproduzenten (1)
- Principal Investigator (1)
- Printhead (1)
- ProDisc C (1)
- Probing living Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Proboscis extension response (1)
- Process-based model (1)
- Process-based models (1)
- Productivity (1)
- Proepicardium (1)
- Professional knowledge (1)
- Profilanalysen (1)
- Profiling (1)
- Profilmessung (1)
- Profilmethode (1)
- Programming language (1)
- Prokaryotes (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Promiscuity (1)
- Promoter (1)
- Promotoren (1)
- Prostatakrebs (1)
- Proteaceae (1)
- Proteaceen (1)
- Protease-Inhibitoren (1)
- Proteasomaler Abbau (1)
- Protein Adsorption (1)
- Protein Complex Prediction (1)
- Protein G (1)
- Protein Spektroelektrochemie (1)
- Protein adsorption (1)
- Protein aggregation (1)
- Protein carbonylation (1)
- Protein complex assembly (1)
- Protein imprinting (1)
- Protein interaction (1)
- Protein kinase A (1)
- Protein misfolding (1)
- Protein purification (1)
- Protein spectroelectrochemistry (1)
- Protein synthesis (1)
- Protein translation (1)
- Protein voltammetry (1)
- Protein-Aptamer Interaktion (1)
- Protein-Kohlenhydrat Interaktionen (1)
- Protein-Kohlenhydrat-Interaktion (1)
- Protein-Metall-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Protein-Protein interaction network (1)
- Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Protein-bound microcystin (1)
- Protein-lipid interaction (1)
- Protein-membrane interactions (1)
- Protein-protein interaction (1)
- Proteinbindung (1)
- Proteindegradierung (1)
- Proteindomänen (1)
- Proteinfaltungstest (1)
- Proteinhandel (1)
- Proteinkinase (1)
- Proteinkinase A (1)
- Proteinkomplexassemblierung (1)
- Proteinmissfaltung (1)
- Proteinmodifizierung (1)
- Proteinmultimerisierung (1)
- Proteinphosphatasen (1)
- Proteinphosphorylation (1)
- Proteinphosphorylierung (1)
- Proteinrekonstitution (1)
- Proteinsekretion (1)
- Proteinspiegel regulieren (1)
- Proteinstruktur (1)
- Proteinsynthese (1)
- Proteomic (1)
- Prozessierung (1)
- Prozessregenerierung (1)
- Prunus avium L. (1)
- Prädation (1)
- Präparate (1)
- Pseudochorthippus parallelus (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 (1)
- Pseudomonas sp (1)
- Pseudotsuga menziesii (1)
- Psychophysics (1)
- Pteronotus parnellii (1)
- Public information (1)
- Punicalagin (1)
- Puumala virus (1)
- Puumalavirus (1)
- Pyrophosphat (1)
- Pyruvate kinase (1)
- Python (1)
- QSP (1)
- QTL Analyse (1)
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (1)
- Quantitative proteomics (1)
- Quantitative vegetation reconstruction (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quaternions (1)
- Quercus (1)
- Quergestreifte Muskulatur (1)
- Quorum Sensing (1)
- R (1)
- R (Programmiersprache) (1)
- R programing language (1)
- R software packages (1)
- R.c. Xanthindehydrogenase (1)
- RAFT dispersion polymerization (1)
- RAMseq (1)
- RAPD (1)
- RCAN1 (1)
- RFID (1)
- RING/U-box E3 (1)
- RNA Imaging (1)
- RNA in situ hybridization (1)
- RNA secondary structure (1)
- RNA-Sequenzierung (1)
- RNA-directed DNA methylation (1)
- RNA-sequencing (1)
- RNAPII (1)
- RNAi (1)
- ROBIS (1)
- ROCK (1)
- ROP (1)
- ROS-responsive genes (1)
- RPBF (1)
- RRBS (1)
- RT-LAMP (1)
- RT-qPCR (1)
- Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) (1)
- Radiokarbon (1)
- Rahmenübereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Klimaänderungen (1)
- Rainfall niche (1)
- Rainfall variability (1)
- Ralstonia eutropha (1)
- Raman Spektroskopie (1)
- Random Forests (1)
- Random eigenvalues (1)
- Random forests (1)
- Random matrices (1)
- Random walk (1)
- Randomisierung (1)
- Range expansion (1)
- Rank-abundance (1)
- Rao's quadratic entropy (1)
- Rapid test (1)
- Rapssamen (1)
- Rarity (1)
- Rasterkraftmikroskop (1)
- Rattus norvegicus (1)
- Rattus rattus (1)
- RbcL (1)
- Reactive nitrogen species (1)
- Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Real Time PCR (1)
- Recently rare species (1)
- Rechtsgängige parallele beta-Helix (1)
- Reciprocal transplant (1)
- Recombinant Antibodies (1)
- Recombinant Escherichia coli (1)
- Recombinase polymerase amplification (1)
- Recyclingsystem (1)
- Red deer (1)
- Redistributive land reform (1)
- Redox (1)
- Redox conditions (1)
- Redox polymer (1)
- Redox proteins (1)
- Redox sensitive proteins (1)
- Redoxine (1)
- Redoxsystem (1)
- Refeeding (1)
- Regeneratin (1)
- Regional climate (1)
- Regreening (1)
- Regression tree analysis (1)
- Regulationsweg (1)
- Regulatorische Gene (1)
- Regulierung der Genexpression (1)
- Reh (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Reintroduction (1)
- Rekombinante Antikörper (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Remige moult (1)
- Remorin (1)
- Renewable raw material (1)
- Repeatability (1)
- Repetition (1)
- Reproductive phase (1)
- Reproductive strategy (1)
- Reproductive traits (1)
- Reproduktion (1)
- Reproduktivität (1)
- Reptilien (1)
- Research needs (1)
- Research samples (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resilienz (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resistenzmechanismen (1)
- Resource availability (1)
- Resource provisioning (1)
- Resource selection (1)
- Resource variability (1)
- Respiratorisches Synzytial-Virus (1)
- Response group (1)
- Resting eggs (1)
- Restriction enzymes (1)
- Resurrection plant (1)
- Resurrection plants (1)
- Resuspended particulate (1)
- Retina (1)
- Retina disease (1)
- Retinitis pigmentosa protein 2 (RP2) (1)
- Retrotransposon (1)
- Retroviral endogenization (1)
- Reverse Transcription (1)
- Reverse Transkription (1)
- Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP); (1)
- Reversible assembly (1)
- Rewetting (1)
- Rhabdomerverdrehung (1)
- Rhamnose (1)
- Rhaphidophoridae (1)
- Rheological characterization (1)
- Rheologie (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhizobium (1)
- Rhizoctonia (1)
- Rhodamin B (1)
- Rhodamine B (1)
- Rhodanese (1)
- Rhodobacter (1)
- Rhodobacter capsulatus (1)
- RiPP (1)
- Ribosom (1)
- Ribosomal protein heterogeneity (1)
- Ribosomal protein substoichiometry (1)
- Ribosomal-RNA (1)
- Ribosomale Protein Substöchiometrie (1)
- Ribosomale Proteinheterogenität (1)
- Ribosome (1)
- Ribosome biogenesis (1)
- Ribosome specialization (1)
- Ribosomen-Biogenese (1)
- Ribosomen-Spezialisierung (1)
- Ribulose-Monophosphat-Weg (1)
- Rice cum prawn culture (1)
- Ricinus-communis l (1)
- Rickettsia helvetica (1)
- Ripeness (1)
- Risikoabbildung (1)
- Risikoabschätzung (1)
- Risk assessment tool (1)
- Risk avoidance behavior (1)
- Risk of bias (1)
- Risk taking (1)
- River (1)
- Road disturbance (1)
- Rod photoreceptor (1)
- Root hair (1)
- Rotatorien (1)
- Rotifer (1)
- Rough (1)
- Rstats (1)
- RuBisCO (1)
- Rubbing tree (1)
- Ruhezentrum (1)
- Rural habitat (1)
- Russian empire (1)
- Russland (1)
- Russulaceae (1)
- Rutabaga (1)
- Räuber-Beute Beziehungen (1)
- Räuber-Beute Dynamiken (1)
- Rötelmaus (1)
- Rückkreuzungsinzuchtlinie (BIL) (1)
- S locus (1)
- S-glutathionylation (1)
- S-morph (1)
- S-nitrosylation (1)
- S. cerevisiae (1)
- SAG29 (1)
- SAHA (1)
- SAP (1)
- SAR (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 N-gene (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 in vitro diagnostic device (IVD) (1)
- SCF complex (1)
- SCN4aa (1)
- SEPE Factors (1)
- SEPS factors (1)
- SERF1 (1)
- SIRT6 (1)
- SJL (1)
- SLA (1)
- SLC13A5 (1)
- SLOSS (1)
- SLPI (1)
- SLST (1)
- SLiCE (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNPs (1)
- SOC (1)
- SORLA (1)
- SPD-2 (1)
- SPR (1)
- SRAssembler (1)
- SRP (1)
- SS4 (1)
- SSD (1)
- SSRs (1)
- SSU rDNA (1)
- STAT6 (1)
- STERILE APETALA (1)
- SUB1A (1)
- SUF (1)
- SULT1A1 (1)
- SULT1B1 (1)
- SUMO (1)
- SUN1 (1)
- SVP (1)
- Saccharidbindung (1)
- Saccharose (1)
- Saccharose Synthase (1)
- Sahara-Sahel (1)
- Sahel (1)
- Salamanders (1)
- Salamandra (1)
- Salmonella enterica (1)
- Salmonella myovirus (1)
- Salmonellen (1)
- Salztransport (1)
- Samen (1)
- Samenausbreitung (1)
- Sandwich-Assay auf Basis von Aptameren (1)
- Sandy soil (1)
- Sanger sequencing (1)
- Saniella (1)
- Sarcomere (1)
- Sarcopenia (1)
- Sarcopoterium spinosum (1)
- Sargasso Sea (1)
- Sarkomer (1)
- Sarmarutilus new genus (1)
- Sarocladium (1)
- Saure Seen (1)
- Savanna (1)
- Savanna rangeland dynamics (1)
- Savanna resilience (1)
- Savanna-grassland bistability (1)
- Savannen Resilienz (1)
- ScHxk2 (1)
- Scale-dependence (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schabe (1)
- Schatten (1)
- Schimmelpilzinfektion (1)
- Schmettau map (1)
- Schnelltest (1)
- Schulzensee (1)
- Schutz von Raubtieren (1)
- Schwankung (1)
- Schwarzerde (1)
- Schädlinge (1)
- Scientific collaboration (1)
- Scincidae (1)
- Scirpus maritimus (1)
- Scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin) (1)
- Scotophilus (1)
- Screen-printed electrode (1)
- Screening (1)
- Sea barley (1)
- Sea ice (1)
- Sea of Azov (1)
- Seamless ligation cloning (1)
- Season (1)
- Seasonal variation (1)
- Seca (1)
- Secondary Metabolites (1)
- Secondary antibodies (1)
- Secondary extinctions (1)
- Secondary metabolite (1)
- Secondary school (1)
- Secondary structure (1)
- Secretion (1)
- Secular height trend (1)
- Secular trend (1)
- Sediment traps (1)
- Sediment-water interface (1)
- Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) (1)
- Sedimentation (1)
- See (1)
- Seed Coat Development (1)
- Seed development (1)
- Seed dispersal by wind (1)
- Seed dormancy (1)
- Seed germination (1)
- Seed immigration (1)
- Seed longevity (1)
- Seed number (1)
- Seed provenance (1)
- Seed traits (1)
- Seedlings (1)
- Seen (1)
- Seepage (1)
- Seesediment (1)
- Seitenkettenstapel (1)
- Selaginella (1)
- Selbstungssyndrom (1)
- Selection (1)
- Selection and design (1)
- Selection method (1)
- Selection-Linked Integration (1)
- Selective breeding (1)
- Selective herbivory (1)
- Selektion Antikörper-produzierender Zellen (1)
- Selen (1)
- Seleniferous area (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (1)
- Self-powered biosensor (1)
- Senecio vulgaris (1)
- Senescence-associated genes (SAGs) (1)
- Seneszenz (1)
- Sengis (1)
- Senior-LOken syndrome (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sensor fusion (1)
- Sensory zone (1)
- Sepsis; (1)
- Sequence (1)
- Sequenzierungstechnologien der nächsten Generation (1)
- Sericytochromatia (1)
- Serin-Biosensor (1)
- Serin-Hydroxymethyltransferase (1)
- Serin-Zyklus (1)
- Serotoninrezeptor (1)
- Serpine1 (1)
- Serrate (1)
- Serratia (1)
- Serum-free (1)
- Sex (1)
- Sex difference (1)
- Sex ratio (1)
- Sexual dimorphism (1)
- Sf21 lysates (1)
- Shaker (1)
- Shape of trade-offs and stabilizing and disruptive selection (1)
- Shared Data Resource (1)
- Shellfish (1)
- Shewanella (1)
- Shift work (1)
- Shine-Dalgarno sequences (1)
- Shine-Dalgarno-Sequenzen (1)
- Shinorine (1)
- Short Report (1)
- Short reads (1)
- Short-term drought (1)
- Shotgun Sequenzierung (1)
- Siamese fighting fish (1)
- Siberian arctic (1)
- Siberian larch (1)
- Siberian permafrost (1)
- Sideroxydans (1)
- Signal-transduction (1)
- Signalkakaden (1)
- Signalkaskaden (1)
- Signalstoffe (1)
- Signaltransduktionsprozesse (1)
- Signalübertragung (1)
- Signifikanz (1)
- Silage maize (1)
- Silviculture (1)
- Similarity transformation (1)
- Simple Sequence Repeat (1)
- Simulated microgravity (1)
- Simulation experiment (1)
- Simulation model (1)
- Simulationsexperimente (1)
- Simulationsframework (1)
- Single cell level (1)
- Single chain antibody (1)
- Single chain antibody (scFv) (1)
- Single-cell motility (1)
- Single-nucleotide (1)
- Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (1)
- Siphonaptera (1)
- Sirtuins (1)
- Site ecology (1)
- Site fidelity (1)
- Sitting behaviour (1)
- Size (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (1)
- Size structure (1)
- Skalierung (1)
- Skeletal robustness (1)
- Skeletochronology (1)
- Skelettrobustizität (1)
- Skewed and peaked trait distributions (1)
- Skleroproteine (1)
- SlTAF1 (1)
- Sleep quality (1)
- Slope exposure (1)
- Slum tourism (1)
- Small mammal (1)
- Small-molecule miRNA modulators (1)
- Small-world networks (1)
- Snakes (1)
- Snowella (1)
- Social group (1)
- Social network (1)
- Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors (1)
- Social-ecological systems (1)
- Sodium chloride (1)
- Soil N2O emissions (1)
- Soil ecology (1)
- Soil fauna (1)
- Soil function (1)
- Soil invertebrates (1)
- Soil moisture (1)
- Soil texture (1)
- Sol-Gel (1)
- Solanaceae (1)
- Solanum (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) (1)
- Solanum nigrum (1)
- Solanum tuberosum L. (1)
- Solvation (1)
- Somateria mollissima (1)
- Sommerekzem (1)
- Sonchus oleraceus (1)
- Songdialects (1)
- Sorex araneus (1)
- Source population (1)
- Source und Sink (1)
- South African Cape Floristic Region (1)
- Southern Africa (1)
- Southern Ocean (1)
- Sozialökologische Systeme (1)
- Spain (1)
- Spastin (1)
- Spatial association (1)
- Spatial autocorrelation (1)
- Spatial distribution (1)
- Spatial genetic variation (1)
- Spatial scale (1)
- Spatially explicit model (1)
- Spatiotemporal resurvey data (1)
- Specialized (1)
- Specialized metabolites (1)
- Species age (1)
- Species delimitation (1)
- Species density (1)
- Species distribution modelling (1)
- Species diversity (1)
- Species number (1)
- Species traits (1)
- Species tree (1)
- Species turnover (1)
- Species-delimitation (1)
- Specific dynamic action (1)
- Specific leaf area (1)
- Specific leaf area (SLA) (1)
- Specimens (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Speichelsekretion (1)
- Speicherproteine (1)
- Sperm competition (1)
- Sperm competition risk (1)
- Sperm storage (1)
- Sphagnum (1)
- Sphagnum magellanicum (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Sphingosine (1)
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- Spiloxene (1)
- Spinnen (1)
- Spitsbergen (1)
- Spleißvariante (1)
- Splice Variant (1)
- Splicing (1)
- Split Ubiquitin (1)
- Split-belt treadmill (1)
- Spore formation (1)
- Spring barley (1)
- Spring bloom (1)
- Sprouting (1)
- Spurengasflüsse (1)
- Squashes pulp (1)
- Srebf1 (1)
- St. Nicolas House Algorithm (1)
- St. Nicolas House Analysis (1)
- Stable carbon isotope (1)
- Stable nitrogen isotope (1)
- Stachys sylvatica (1)
- Stammschleife (1)
- Stammzelldifferenzierung (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Standing biomass (1)
- Standort (1)
- Starch Degradation (1)
- Starch accumulation (1)
- Starch branching enzyme (1)
- Starch degradation (1)
- Starch granule (1)
- Starch granule number per (1)
- Starch granules (1)
- Starch metabolizing enzymes (1)
- Starch morphology (1)
- Starch phosphorylation (1)
- Starch structure (1)
- Starch synthase (1)
- Starch synthesis (1)
- Statistical Exercise (1)
- Statistical Physics (1)
- Statistical significance (1)
- Statistische Physik (1)
- Stature (1)
- Staubblätter (1)
- Stauhaltungen (1)
- Staurastromyces oculus (1)
- Staurastrum sp. (1)
- Stay-green (1)
- Steifheit (1)
- Stenella attenuata (1)
- Stethophyma grossum (1)
- Stimuli (1)
- Stimulierung von Zellen (1)
- Stochastic differential equations (1)
- Stoffkreislauf (1)
- Stoffwechselmodellierung (1)
- Stoffwechselnetze (1)
- Stoffwechselprodukt (1)
- Stoffwechselregulation (1)
- Stomatäre Immunität (1)
- Storage effect (1)
- Strahlenbiologie (1)
- Stranding (1)
- Streblidae (1)
- Stress granules (1)
- Stress recovery (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Stretching (1)
- Strophentypen (1)
- Structural determination (1)
- Structural variation (1)
- Structure prediction (1)
- Structure-activity-relationship (1)
- Structured RNAs (1)
- Structured population model (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Strukturelle Thermodynamik (1)
- Strukturproteomics (1)
- Studierendenvorstellungen (1)
- Stunting (1)
- Sturnus (1)
- Stärke Synthese (1)
- Stärkeabbau (1)
- Stärkestoffwechsel (1)
- Störungen (1)
- Störungsökologie (1)
- Sub-lethal effects (1)
- Submarine groundwater discharge (1)
- Submarine permafrost (1)
- Submariner Permafrost (1)
- Submergence tolerance (1)
- Subsea permafrost (1)
- Subsoil (1)
- Substate Channeling Immunoassay (1)
- Substrate binding (1)
- Substrate channeling immunoassay (1)
- Substrate specificities (1)
- Sucrose responsiveness (1)
- Sugar efflux (1)
- Sukzession (1)
- Sulfate (1)
- Sulfit-Oxidase (1)
- Sulfite biosensor (1)
- Sulfite oxidase (1)
- Sulfitoxidase (1)
- Sulfotransferasen (1)
- Sulfotransferasen SULT1A1 und SULT1A2 (1)
- Sulfur (1)
- Sulfur transfer (1)
- Sulfuration (1)
- Sulfuricurvum (1)
- Sulfurtransferase (1)
- Sulphite oxidase (1)
- Sumpfschrecke (1)
- Sun bear (1)
- Sun1 (1)
- Sundaland (1)
- Sunscreen (1)
- Superoxid (1)
- Superoxiddismutasen (1)
- Superoxide (1)
- Superoxide Dismutase (1)
- Supervised machine learning (1)
- Supplements (1)
- Support vector (1)
- Support vector machines (1)
- Support-Vektor-Maschine (1)
- Supralittoral talitrids (1)
- Supramolecular Interaction (1)
- Supramolekularen Wechselwirkung (1)
- Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Surface imprinting (1)
- Surface modification (1)
- Surface preparation (1)
- Survival success (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainable aquaculture (1)
- Sustainable management of Mediterranean grazing land (1)
- Symbiose (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synchronisation (1)
- Synchronization (1)
- Synchrotronstrahlung (1)
- Syncytium (1)
- Synergism (1)
- Synergy (1)
- Synthetic Biology (1)
- Synthetic glycoprotein (1)
- Synthetische Biologie (1)
- System ecology (1)
- Systematic review (1)
- Systemsbiologie (1)
- Säkulare Akzeleration (1)
- Südafrika (1)
- Südostasien (1)
- T beta h (1)
- T cell activation (1)
- T cell receptor (1)
- T(h)1 (1)
- T(h)17 (1)
- T-Zell Aktivierung (1)
- T7 (1)
- TAT selection (1)
- TBK1 (1)
- TCA cycle (1)
- TCGA (1)
- TCSPC (1)
- TEP (1)
- THC (1)
- TK/TD modelling (1)
- TMAO-reductase (1)
- TNBC (1)
- TOR signaling (1)
- TPK (1)
- TRAP-assay (1)
- TRP channels (1)
- TRPC6 (1)
- TRPV1 (1)
- TRX z (1)
- TSD (1)
- TTR (1)
- Tabak (1)
- Tadpoles (1)
- Tagebaurestseen (1)
- Tagebauseen (1)
- TaiHu (1)
- Tailspike Protein (1)
- Tailspikes (1)
- Talitridae (1)
- Talsperre (1)
- Tamias striatus (1)
- Taphonomy (1)
- Tarchonanthopria freidbergi (1)
- Target attainment (1)
- Target enrichment (1)
- Target of Rapamycin kinase (1)
- Tas2r (1)
- Tas2r expression (1)
- Tas2r-Expression (1)
- Tas2rs (1)
- Taste buds (1)
- Taxonomic assignment (1)
- Taxonomic position (1)
- Tbc1d1 (1)
- Telemetrie (1)
- Telemetry (1)
- Tellurite (1)
- Telomerase (1)
- Temperate ecosystems (1)
- Temperate forests (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Temporal grain (1)
- Temporary pond (1)
- Tenofovir (1)
- Tenrecs (1)
- Terai Arc (1)
- Terminalia catappa (1)
- Terminology (1)
- Tetrads (1)
- Tetrahydrobiopterin (1)
- Th2 cells (1)
- Thai population (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Thaliana (1)
- The Netherlands (1)
- Thellungiella halophila (1)
- Theoretische Ökologie (1)
- Theranostic (1)
- Thermistor (1)
- Thermodynamische Stabilität (1)
- Thermometrie (1)
- Thermoregulationsverhalten (1)
- Thickening (1)
- Thimerosal (1)
- Thioester (1)
- Thioredoxine (1)
- Third generation sensor (1)
- Thlaspi perfoliatum (1)
- Threatened species (1)
- Three Gorges reservoir (1)
- Thylakoid (1)
- Thylakoidmembran (1)
- Tidal pumping (1)
- Tiefe Biosphäre (1)
- Tiefer See (1)
- Tierortung (1)
- Tierpersönlichkeit (1)
- Tierökologie (1)
- Time resolved FRET (1)
- Time series (1)
- Time-lag effects (1)
- Time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Time-scales hierarchy (1)
- Toba eruption (1)
- Toba volcanic eruption (1)
- Tocopherol (1)
- Tolerance (1)
- Tomaten (Solanum lycopersicum) (1)
- Tonoplast (1)
- Top-down effect (1)
- Toponymy (1)
- TorD family (1)
- Torfmoose (1)
- Torpor (1)
- Total P (1)
- Total biomass (1)
- Total suspended solids (1)
- Touch-me-not (1)
- Toxicokinetic modelling (1)
- Toxins (1)
- Trabeculation (1)
- Trade chain (1)
- Trade-offs (1)
- Trade-offs zwischen funktionellen Eigenschaften (1)
- Traditional medicine (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Trait (1)
- Trait diversity (1)
- Trait heterogeneity (1)
- Trait interaction (1)
- Trait selection (1)
- Trait-based approach (1)
- Trait-environment relationship (1)
- Traits (1)
- Trans-Golgi network (1)
- Transaktivierungs-Experimente (1)
- Transcript levels (1)
- Transcription analysis (1)
- Transcription facotrs (1)
- Transcriptome (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transduction (1)
- Transductive learning (1)
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) (1)
- Transfer-rna (1)
- Transfer-rna genes; Phylogenetic analysis; Animal phylogeny; Control region; Sister Taxau (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transinformation (1)
- Transkiptionsfaktor (1)
- Transkript (1)
- Transkription <Genetik> (1)
- Transkriptionfaktorgenen (1)
- Transkriptionsnetzwerke (1)
- Transkriptom Sequenzierung (1)
- Transkriptomanalyse (1)
- Translation <Genetik> (1)
- Translation feedback regulation (1)
- Translational regulation (1)
- Translationseffizienz (1)
- Translationsfeedbackregulation (1)
- Translationsinitiation (1)
- Translationsregulation (1)
- Transponierbare Elemente (1)
- Transporteraktivierung (1)
- Transporters (1)
- Treated wastewater (1)
- Tree defence (1)
- Tree growth classes (1)
- Tree recruitment (1)
- Tree regeneration (1)
- TreeNet (1)
- Trehalose-6-Phosphat (1)
- Treibhausgase (1)
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle (1)
- Trichoderma (1)
- Trichome initial cells (1)
- Trifluoroethanol (1)
- Tripleurospermum inodorum (1)
- Tritrophic interaction (1)
- Triturus (1)
- Trockentoleranz (1)
- Troglophilus (1)
- Trophic interactions (1)
- Trophic transfer efficiency (1)
- Trophic upgrading (1)
- Tropical reservoir (1)
- Tropical system (1)
- Trunk trail (1)
- Tuber yield (1)
- Tumor suppression (1)
- Tumorimmuntherapie (1)
- Tundra-Taiga (1)
- Tundra-taiga transition (1)
- Tupaia belangeri (1)
- Turbidity (1)
- Turing instability (1)
- Turkey (1)
- Turnover (1)
- Twin arginine translocation pathway (1)
- Two-photon excitation (1)
- Tylomelania sarasinorum (1)
- Typ-III-Effektor (1)
- Type I importer (1)
- Typical Western Diet (1)
- Typical forest species (1)
- Tyramine (1)
- Tyrannidae (1)
- Tyrosinaseinhibitoren (1)
- Tyrrhenian Sea (1)
- U87 glioma cells (1)
- UDP-glucose (1)
- UNC119 (1)
- UV crosslinking (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- UV response (1)
- UV-B tolerance (1)
- UV-Licht (1)
- Ubiquitin-Proteasom-System (1)
- Ubiquitin-proteasome-system (1)
- Ubiquitinierung (1)
- Uganda (1)
- Ulcerate pollen (1)
- Ulcerative colitis (1)
- Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-visible Spectroscopy) (1)
- Umweltfilterung (1)
- Umweltrauschen (1)
- Unconscious selection (1)
- Undernutrition (1)
- Understanding (1)
- Understorey (1)
- Uniform sampling (1)
- Unspecific antibody clearance (1)
- Unspecific peroxygenase (1)
- Untereinheitenautausch (1)
- Untereinheitenimpfstoff (1)
- Urban ecology (1)
- Urban waters (1)
- Urbanisation (1)
- Uredinopsis (1)
- Urine (1)
- Urodela (1)
- Urokinase-Typ Plasminogen Aktivator (uPA) (1)
- Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) (1)
- Urosomoida (1)
- Urothione (1)
- Ursus spelaeus (1)
- Utricularia (1)
- V. dahliae (1)
- V2 (1)
- VAP Protein (1)
- VAP protein (1)
- VHH (1)
- Vaccination (1)
- Vacuolar h+-atpase (1)
- Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (1)
- Vancomycin (1)
- Variance partitioning (1)
- Variation (1)
- Variation in funktionellen Eigenschaften (1)
- Varroa destructor (1)
- Varroa mite (1)
- Varves (1)
- Varying CO2 condition (1)
- Vascular plants (1)
- Vasculature (1)
- Vegetable (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vegetation continuum (1)
- Vegetation map (1)
- Vegetation von Tschukotka (1)
- Vegetationsmodellierung (1)
- Vegetationsveränderungen (1)
- Vegetationsveränderungen in der Subarktis (1)
- Vegetationsvielfalt (1)
- Vegetationsökologie (1)
- Vegetative phase (1)
- Vegetative regeneration (1)
- Vegf (1)
- Ventilation (1)
- Ventilator-induced lung injury (1)
- Verbalizer (1)
- Verbreitungsdynamik von Arten (1)
- Verbuschung (1)
- Vereinigungs-Mapping (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Verhaltens-Timing (1)
- Verhaltensökologie (1)
- Vernal pool (1)
- Vernetzer (1)
- Veronica (1)
- Veronica cymbalaria (1)
- Veronica hederifolia (1)
- Veronica persica (1)
- Verteidigung (1)
- Verteilungsmuster (1)
- Verticillium (1)
- Verticillium dahliae (1)
- Vesicle (1)
- Vibrio cholerae (1)
- Vicariance (1)
- VideoScan (1)
- Videoanalyse (1)
- Vielfalt (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Viral assembly (1)
- Virion (1)
- Virionenbildung (1)
- Virosomen (1)
- Virus assembly (1)
- Virus-Wirt-Interaktion (1)
- Virus-driven selection (1)
- Virusassemblierung, Virion (1)
- Viruses (1)
- Vis (1)
- Visible yellowing (1)
- Viskoelastizität (1)
- Visualizer (1)
- Vitamin C (1)
- Vitamin E (1)
- Viverridae (1)
- Vogelzug (1)
- Voice break (1)
- Volatile organic compound (VOC) (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Volta River (1)
- Voltage-gated sodium channel (1)
- Voltammetry (1)
- Vorhersagemodelle (1)
- WA-PLS (1)
- WD40 (1)
- WEREWOLF (1)
- WGCNA (1)
- WRKY40 (1)
- Wachstumsraten (1)
- Wachstumssignale (1)
- Wald (1)
- Waldausdehnung (1)
- Waldbodenpflanzen (1)
- Walddynamik (1)
- Wall proteins (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wasser-in-Wasser (1)
- Wasserabsorption (1)
- Wassererosion (1)
- Water flow (1)
- Water resources (1)
- Wautersia eutropha (1)
- Weather (1)
- Weather impact (1)
- Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Weevil (1)
- Weglänge (1)
- Westerlies (1)
- Western Ghats (1)
- Westerschelde estuary (1)
- Wetland species (1)
- White stork (1)
- White-fronted goose (1)
- Whole genome sequencing (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wiederholungsstudie (1)
- Wiegand-Moloney O-ring statistics (1)
- Wild geese (1)
- Wild mice (1)
- Wildlife management (1)
- Wind turbines (1)
- Winter (1)
- Winter biology (1)
- Winter oilseed rape (1)
- Winter wheat (1)
- Winterfischsterben (1)
- Wireworms (1)
- Wirkstoff-Freisetzun (1)
- Wirkstoffinteraktionen (1)
- Wirtsspezifität (1)
- Wissensextraktion (1)
- Within-species variability (1)
- Wnt (1)
- Wolf (1)
- Wood anatomy (1)
- Woodland indicator species (1)
- Woody (1)
- Woody plant (1)
- World Health Organization Child Growth Standards (1)
- Wurzel (1)
- Wurzelbesiedlung (1)
- Wurzelhaarbildung (1)
- Wühlmaus (1)
- Wüste (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- XFELs (1)
- XLRP (1)
- XMAP215 (1)
- Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase (1)
- Xanthindehydrogenase (1)
- Xanthine (1)
- Xanthine Dehydrogenase (1)
- Xanthine Oxidase (1)
- Xanthine oxidoreductase (1)
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (1)
- XdhC (1)
- Xin (1)
- Xiphophorus (1)
- XopS (1)
- Xpm (1)
- Y chromosome (1)
- YIP (1)
- YKL-40 (1)
- YME1L1 (1)
- YUCCA (1)
- Yield per recruit (YPR) (1)
- Yields (1)
- YnjE (1)
- Yodzis-Innes (1)
- York River (1)
- ZENK (1)
- Zahnwale (1)
- Zeatin (1)
- Zebrafisch (1)
- Zebularin (1)
- Zeitpunkt von Störungen (1)
- Zell-Matrix-Kontakt (1)
- Zell-Matrix-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Zelladhäsionskontrolle (1)
- Zellbiologie (1)
- Zelle (1)
- Zellform (1)
- Zellfreie Proteinsynthese (1)
- Zellgröße (1)
- Zellmembran (1)
- Zellmotilität (1)
- Zellproliferation (1)
- Zellsignalisierung (1)
- Zellsortierung (1)
- Zellteilung (1)
- Zellteilungsdefekt (1)
- Zelltyp-spezifisch (1)
- Zentrosomen Amplifikation (1)
- Zielkonflikte (1)
- Zink (1)
- Zinypr-1 (1)
- Zirkulardichroismus (1)
- Zona pellucida (1)
- Zoo (1)
- ZooMS (1)
- Zoonosis (1)
- Zoosporic fungi (1)
- Zuckertransporter (1)
- Zugvögel (1)
- Zymosan (1)
- Züchtung (1)
- a domain (1)
- aDNA (1)
- abiotic decomposition (1)
- abiotic soil factors (1)
- abiotische Zersetzung (1)
- abiotischer Stress (1)
- above-ground biomass (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- abscisic acid (ABA) (1)
- abundance estimation (1)
- acI-B in Actinobacteria (1)
- acaricides (1)
- accelerometry (1)
- accessions (1)
- accumulation (1)
- acid ceramidase inhibitor ceranib-2 (1)
- acid invertase (1)
- acid lakes (1)
- acid phosphatase (1)
- acidic lakes (1)
- acidophily (1)
- acinar cell (1)
- acoustic monitoring (1)
- acoustic telemetry (1)
- acquired thermotolerance (1)
- actin cytoskeleton machine (1)
- actin/microtubules (1)
- activated PTT (1)
- activation of oxygen species (1)
- active optical resonators (1)
- active sites (1)
- activity patterns (1)
- activity predictions (1)
- actuation (1)
- acute lung injury (1)
- adaptation of conservation strategies (1)
- adapter oligonucleotide (1)
- adaptive Differenzierung (1)
- adaptive Laborentwicklung (1)
- adaptive differentiation (1)
- adaptive dynamics (1)
- adaptive laboratory evolution (1)
- adaptive preference (1)
- additive partitioning of biodiversity effects (1)
- adeno-associated-virus (1)
- adhesion proteins (1)
- adipogenic differentiation (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adipose tissue regeneration (1)
- adolescence (1)
- adsorber materials (1)
- adulthood (1)
- advanced maternal age at first birth (1)
- advection-diffusion (1)
- aerobic sports activity (1)
- afforestation (1)
- aflatoxin B-1 (1)
- age class effects (1)
- age structure (1)
- age-dependent (1)
- age-dependent dispersal (1)
- age-structured populations (1)
- agent-based modelling (1)
- agent-based models (1)
- agentenbasiertes Modell (1)
- aggregates (1)
- aggregation size (1)
- aggression (1)
- aggressiveness (1)
- agricultural grasslands (1)
- agricultural intensification (1)
- agricultural land cover (1)
- air pollutant (1)
- airborne (1)
- alarm signals (1)
- aldehyde (1)
- aldehyde oxidase (AOX) (1)
- aldehyde oxidase1 (1)
- alga (1)
- algorithms (1)
- alien vascular plants (1)
- alignment sensitivity/specificity (1)
- allelic variants (1)
- allochthoner Eintrag (1)
- allochthonous matter (1)
- allochthony (1)
- allopatric speciation (1)
- allopatry (1)
- allozymes (1)
- alluvial soil (1)
- alpha diversity (1)
- alpha-glucan (1)
- alpha-helix (1)
- alte DNA (1)
- alte sedimentäre DNA (1)
- altered shoot branching (1)
- alternative splicing (1)
- alternative stable states (1)
- ambient temperature (1)
- amination (1)
- amino alcohols (1)
- ammonium (1)
- ammoniumtransporter (1)
- amyloid beta (1)
- amyloid precursor protein (1)
- amyloid precursor-like protein (1)
- amylopectin (1)
- anaerobic respiration (1)
- analogue quality (1)
- analysis-ready data (1)
- analytical approaches (1)
- analytische Lösungsansätze (1)
- anamorph-teleomorph connection (1)
- anatomy (1)
- ancestral area reconstruction (1)
- ancestral biogeographic region reconstruction (1)
- ancestral state reconstruction (1)
- ancestry (1)
- anchoring mechanism (1)
- ancient forest (1)
- ancient forests (1)
- ancient sedimentary DNA (1)
- and palm (1)
- and tissue-specificity (1)
- angeborene Immunantwort (1)
- angiopoitin-like 4 (1)
- anhydrase CAH3 (1)
- animal (1)
- animal model (1)
- animal models (1)
- animal personalities (1)
- animal pests (1)
- animal tracking (1)
- animals under human care (1)
- anisotropic growth (1)
- annexins (1)
- annual plant (1)
- annual plant communities (1)
- annual plant species (1)
- annual plants (1)
- annuals (1)
- anoxia (1)
- antagonism (1)
- antelope (1)
- antheridiogens (1)
- anthers (1)
- anthracene (1)
- anthropogene Einwirkung (1)
- anthropogene Umweltveränderungen (1)
- anthropogener globaler Wandel (1)
- anthropogenic admixture (1)
- anthropogenic effect (1)
- anthropogenic exploitation (1)
- anthropogenic global change (1)
- anthropogenic impact (1)
- anthropogenic interferences (1)
- anthropometric field studies (1)
- anti bacterial (1)
- anti-diuron-antibodies (1)
- antibiotic combinations (1)
- antibiotic paradox (1)
- antibodies (1)
- antibody characterization (1)
- antibody synthesis (1)
- antibody validation (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- antigen (1)
- antimicrobial defense (1)
- antimicrobial peptide (1)
- antimicrobial polymers (1)
- antimicrobial susceptibility testing (1)
- antimikrobielle Peptide (1)
- antioxidant (1)
- antioxidant capacity (1)
- antioxidants (1)
- antipsychotics (1)
- antisense transcription (1)
- antiviral agent (1)
- aoa (1)
- apical-basal axis (1)
- apparent hysteresis (1)
- apparente Hysterese (1)
- appetitive learning (1)
- apple (1)
- approximate Bayesian computation (1)
- aptamer (1)
- aptamer-based sandwich assay (1)
- apyrase (1)
- aquaporin (1)
- aquatic adaptation (1)
- aquatic ecosystem (1)
- aquatic-terrestrial interfaces (1)
- aquatische Ökosysteme (1)
- arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- arabidopsis-thaliana (1)
- arbuscular mycorrhiza (1)
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1)
- arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza-Symbiose (1)
- arbuskuläre Mykorrhizasymbiose (1)
- archaea (1)
- archaeozoology (1)
- archipelago (1)
- area (1)
- arenes (1)
- arginine biosynthesis (1)
- argumentation schemes (1)
- arid (1)
- aridity gradient (1)
- arms race (1)
- array hybridisation (1)
- arsenic (1)
- artificial introduction (1)
- artificial neural network (1)
- artificial protein binders (1)
- artificial virus (1)
- artifizielle Transkriptionsfaktoren (1)
- aryl diazonium salts (1)
- arylalkylamine N-transferase (1)
- arylcarbamates (1)
- arylureas (1)
- ascorbate oxidase (1)
- asellota crustacea (1)
- asexual reproduction (1)
- aspen parkland (1)
- assay (1)
- assembly factor (1)
- assessment of the diffusion (1)
- association mapping (1)
- association studies (1)
- astrobiology (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- asymmetric competition (1)
- asymmetrische Konkurrenz (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- asymmetry of competition (1)
- atlas data (1)
- atmospheric deposition (1)
- atmospheric nitrogen deposition (1)
- atom mapping (1)
- atrophin-1 (1)
- attached (1)
- attitude (1)
- attraction-avoidance (1)
- augmented reality (1)
- ausgewogener Komplex (1)
- autonom replizierende Sequenz (1)
- autonomous pathway (1)
- autotomy (1)
- autotrophy (1)
- auxin biosynthesis (1)
- available phosphorus (1)
- aversive learning (1)
- avoidance rate (1)
- baboons (1)
- backbone conformation (1)
- backcross inbred line (BIL) (1)
- bacteriaalgae associations (1)
- bacterial (1)
- bacterial defensive mechanisms (1)
- bacterial infections (1)
- bacterial lifestyles (1)
- bacterial outer membrane vesicles (1)
- bacterial pathogenesis (1)
- bacterial population growth (1)
- bacterial sensor (1)
- bacterial symbionts (1)
- bacterial toxins (1)
- bacteriocytes (1)
- bacteriophages (1)
- bacterivory (1)
- bait trap (1)
- bakterielle Infektionen (1)
- bakterielles O-Antigen (1)
- balance (1)
- balanced complex (1)
- baps (1)
- basal area increment (1)
- basal fungi (1)
- bat conservation (1)
- bat fatalities (1)
- beekeeping (1)
- beeswax (1)
- beeswax substitutes (1)
- behavior classification (1)
- behavioral choice (1)
- behavioral syndromes (1)
- behavioral thermoregulation (1)
- behavioural adaptations (1)
- behavioural adjustment (1)
- behavioural ecology (1)
- behavioural flexibility (1)
- behavioural plasticity (1)
- behavioural reaction norm (1)
- behavioural timing (1)
- behavioural type (1)
- belowground herbivory (1)
- benthic (1)
- benthic food chain (1)
- benthic primary producers (1)
- benthische Nahrungskette (1)
- benthische Primärproduzenten (1)
- benthos (1)
- benzimidazoles (1)
- berry development (1)
- bet hedging (1)
- bet-hedging (1)
- beta(2)-microglobulin (1)
- beta-Amylase (1)
- beta-Galactosidase (1)
- beta-Lactam (1)
- beta-Lactams (1)
- beta-Solenoidproteine (1)
- beta-amylase (1)
- beta-amylase assay (1)
- beta-cell (1)
- beta-lactamase (1)
- beta-solenoid proteins (1)
- bias (1)
- bifunctional enzyme (1)
- bifunctional sensor (1)
- bifunktionaler Sensor (1)
- big data (1)
- bilateral asymmetry (1)
- bilinear interpolation (1)
- bio-economy (1)
- bio-optical modeling (1)
- bioactivation (1)
- biocatalytic recycling (1)
- biochemical networks (1)
- bioclimatic niche (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biocontrol (1)
- biocontrol of eutrophication (1)
- biodegradable copolymers (PLGA) (1)
- biodiversity assessment (1)
- biodiversity change (1)
- biodiversity crisis (1)
- biodiversity ecosystem functioning (BEF) (1)
- biodiversity effects (1)
- biodiversity homogenization (1)
- biodiversity loss (1)
- biodiversity refugia (1)
- biodynamic farming (1)
- biodynamic manures (1)
- biodynamic preparations (1)
- bioelectrocatalytic recycling (1)
- bioelectrochemistry (1)
- bioelectronics (1)
- bioenergetic model (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biofouling (1)
- biogas (1)
- biogenesis (1)
- biogenic volatile organic compounds (1)
- biogeochemistry (1)
- biohybrid organs (1)
- bioinvasion (1)
- biological carbon pump (1)
- biological control (1)
- biological control agents (1)
- biological engineering (1)
- biological soil crust (1)
- biology classes (1)
- biomass allocation (1)
- biomass-trait feedback (1)
- biomaterial characterization (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biomedical applications (1)
- biomembrane (1)
- biomization (1)
- biomolecule (1)
- biomolecule interactions (1)
- bioreactor (1)
- biosorption (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- biotelemetry (1)
- biotic interactions (1)
- biotic resistance (1)
- biotic stress (1)
- biotin (1)
- biotopes (1)
- bird community (1)
- birds (1)
- birthweight (1)
- bisulfite sequencing (1)
- bitter taste perception (1)
- black earth (1)
- black rhinoceros (1)
- blebbing (1)
- blood (1)
- blood-brain-barrier (1)
- blue light (1)
- bluebuck (1)
- bodenlebende Gliederfüßer (1)
- body fat estimator (1)
- body size (1)
- bog/mire plants (1)
- boldness (1)
- bone accumulation (1)
- bone mimic (1)
- boosted regression trees (1)
- bootstrap (1)
- boreal (1)
- boreal forest (1)
- botanical garden (1)
- bottlebrush copolymers (1)
- brain (1)
- branched chain amino acids (1)
- brassinosteroid signaling (1)
- break points (1)
- breastfed infant development (1)
- breastfeeding (1)
- breath (1)
- breath analysis (1)
- breeding ability (1)
- brown mosses (1)
- brownification (1)
- browsing (1)
- bucerotidae (1)
- budding yeast (1)
- bulk DNA (1)
- bulk heterojunction (1)
- buried horizon (1)
- burrow system (1)
- bushbuck (1)
- butterflies (1)
- c-FLIP (1)
- cDNA array (1)
- cPMP (1)
- cSSR (1)
- caecilians (1)
- calcineurin (1)
- calcineurin inhibitors (1)
- calcite precipitation (1)
- calcium binding (1)
- calcium imaging (1)
- calcium sensor (1)
- calicivirus (1)
- calmodulin (1)
- calorimetry (1)
- camelid (1)
- camera-trap (1)
- camp binding-sites (1)
- campylomormyrus (1)
- canavanine (1)
- cancer biomarker (1)
- cancer cachexia (1)
- cancer detection (1)
- cancer immunotherapy (1)
- cancer markers (1)
- cancer prognosis (1)
- candelilla wax (1)
- candidate species (1)
- canonical correlation analysis (1)
- canopy (1)
- canopy cooling effects (1)
- canopy-air temperature (1)
- capillary electrophoresis (1)
- capsid stability (1)
- capsule formation (1)
- captive populations (1)
- capture enrichment (1)
- capture-recapture modeling (1)
- carbocatalysis (1)
- carbohydrate (1)
- carbohydrate binding site (1)
- carbohydrate recognition (1)
- carbohydrate-protein interaction (1)
- carbon acquisition (1)
- carbon allocation (1)
- carbon concentrating mechanism (1)
- carbon cycle (1)
- carbon electrical collective properties (1)
- carbon fixation (1)
- carbon flow (1)
- carbon flux (1)
- carbon isotopes (1)
- carbon limitation (1)
- carbon metabolism (1)
- carbon nanotubes (1)
- carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (1)
- carbon paper (1)
- carbon pathway (1)
- carbon sequestration (1)
- carbon sinking flux (1)
- carbon stoichiometry (1)
- carbon storage (1)
- carbon turnover (1)
- carbon uptake kinetics (1)
- carbonated apatite (1)
- carboxynitrofluorenone (1)
- carcasses (1)
- cardiac valves (1)
- cardiovascular biology (1)
- cardiovascular rehabilitation (1)
- cardiovascular system (1)
- cardiovascular-disease (1)
- carnauba wax (1)
- carnivore (1)
- carnivory (1)
- carotenoids bioavailability (1)
- carrion resources (1)
- carry-over effects (1)
- carrying capacity (1)
- cartilage tissue engineering (1)
- cascade reactions (1)
- cassava bacterial blight (1)
- casting resin (1)
- cat (1)
- catalytic antibodies (1)
- catalytic antibody (1)
- catch-up-growth (1)
- cationic liposome (1)
- cattle grazing (1)
- cave (1)
- cave crickets (1)
- cbFBA (1)
- cell adhesion control (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell encapsulation (1)
- cell fixation (1)
- cell membrane (1)
- cell morphogenesis (1)
- cell motility (1)
- cell proliferation (1)
- cell selectivity (1)
- cell size (1)
- cell sorting (1)
- cell structure (1)
- cell type-specific (1)
- cell viability assay (1)
- cell wall patterning (1)
- cell-ECM interactions (1)
- cell-based assay (1)
- cell-based in vitro assay (1)
- cellobiose dehydrogenase (1)
- cells epidermis (1)
- cellular C:N:P ratio (1)
- cellular antioxidant system (1)
- cellular forces (1)
- cellularization (1)
- cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (1)
- cellulose microfibrils (1)
- cellulose synthesis (1)
- central Westland (1)
- centrality (1)
- centrality measures (1)
- centrifugation (1)
- centromere (1)
- centrosome amplification (1)
- cerebral cavernous malformations (1)
- cerebral-cortex (1)
- cervical artificial disc replacement (1)
- cervical myelopathy (1)
- cervical spine (1)
- cervical total disc replacement (1)
- cesa complex (1)
- cetacean (1)
- chaetae (1)
- chaetal arrangement (1)
- chain length distribution (1)
- changepoint analysis (1)
- changepoint detection (1)
- changing cofactor specificity (1)
- channel (1)
- channel gating (1)
- channel protein structure (1)
- channel protein-proton interaction (1)
- chaoborus kairomone (1)
- charcoal (1)
- charge generation layers (1)
- chemical clock (1)
- chemical defenses (1)
- chemically induced dislocation (1)
- chemisch-induzierte Dislokation (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chemoautotrophy (1)
- chemodiversity (1)
- chemoenzymatic synthesis (1)
- chemosensation (1)
- chemotaxonomy (1)
- chicken (1)
- chicken repeat 1 (1)
- child development (1)
- childhood (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chimeric enzyme (1)
- chirality (1)
- chironomids (1)
- chitin synthase (1)
- chitin-induced signaling (1)
- chitinases (1)
- chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1)
- chloro-ribosome (1)
- chlorophyll (1)
- chlorophyll a fluorescence (1)
- chlorophyll content (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- chloroplast genome (1)
- chloroplast isolation (1)
- cholesteryl ester (1)
- chromatin accessibility (1)
- chromatin immunoprecipitation (1)
- chromatin remodeling (1)
- chromatin remodelling (1)
- chromium (1)
- chromosomale Instabilität (1)
- chromosome-scale genome assembly (1)
- chronic pain (1)
- chronic undernutrition (1)
- chronischer Schmerz (1)
- chronotopy (1)
- ciconia ciconia (1)
- ciliate epibionts (1)
- ciliate predators (1)
- circadian rhythm (1)
- cis-regulatory elements (1)
- cis-trans isomerisation of prolyl-peptide bonds (1)
- citizen science programme (1)
- civet oil (1)
- classical compartment model (1)
- classification (1)
- classification models (1)
- clathrin-coated vesicles (1)
- cleistogamy (1)
- cleptoparasitism (1)
- climate (1)
- climate manipulation (1)
- climate mitigation (1)
- climatic debt (1)
- climatic limitation (1)
- clinal variation (1)
- clinical diagnostics (1)
- clipping (1)
- clock genes (1)
- clonal growth (1)
- clonality (1)
- close packing (1)
- closed forest (1)
- cloud (1)
- cluster analysis (1)
- clustering (1)
- co-delivery of multiple genes (1)
- co-enrichment (1)
- co-expression (1)
- co-expression network analysis (1)
- co-function network (1)
- co-response (1)
- co-transfection (1)
- co2 concentrating mechanism (1)
- co2 concentration (1)
- coagulans (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coarse grained Molekulardynamiken (1)
- coarse grained molecular dynamics (1)
- coarse-graining (1)
- coastal dunes (1)
- coastal erosion (1)
- cobalt porphyrin (1)
- cocaine (1)
- coculture (1)
- coexistence mechanisms (1)
- cofactors (1)
- cognition (1)
- cohesive ends (1)
- coil-globule transition (1)
- coil-helix (1)
- coiled coils (1)
- coiled-coil (1)
- colimitation (1)
- colitis (1)
- collagen peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- coloniality (1)
- colonization capacity (1)
- colonization credit (1)
- colony formation (1)
- colony organization (1)
- color morph frequency (1)
- columella (1)
- combinatorial optimization (1)
- combinatorial protein (1)
- combinatorics (1)
- combined heat and drought stress (1)
- common garden (1)
- common garden experiment (1)
- common-garden experiment (1)
- communities (1)
- community assembly (1)
- community assembly rules (1)
- community biomass (1)
- community cytometry (1)
- community dynamics (1)
- community effects (1)
- community phylogenetics (1)
- community respiration (1)
- comparative (1)
- comparative co-expression analysis (1)
- comparative head morphology (1)
- comparative proteomics (1)
- comparison (1)
- competition intensity (1)
- competition resistance trade-off (1)
- competitive exclusion (1)
- competitive performance (1)
- competitive resistance (1)
- complex I (1)
- complex food webs (1)
- complex model (1)
- complexity (1)
- compliant mechanism (1)
- compost (1)
- compost microbiome (1)
- compound eye (1)
- computational biology (1)
- computational molecular biology (1)
- computationally simulated epitopes (1)
- computer tomography (1)
- computergestützte Biologie (1)
- concerted evolution (1)
- condition factor (1)
- condition-dependent mortality (1)
- conformation (1)
- conformational-changes (1)
- congeneric species (1)
- connectedness (1)
- conservation breeding (1)
- conservation evaluation (1)
- conservation planning (1)
- conservation responsibility (1)
- conservation scheme (1)
- consistency (1)
- constrains (1)
- construction (1)
- consumer-diet imbalance (1)
- content knowledge (1)
- contergan (1)
- continuous pasture (1)
- contraception (1)
- contractile tail (1)
- control region (1)
- controversial issues (1)
- conventional agriculture (1)
- cooling effect (1)
- copepods (1)
- copolymers (1)
- copy numbers (1)
- core shell UCNP (1)
- correlation analysis (1)
- correlation networks (1)
- corrinoid-containing enzymes (1)
- corrosion (1)
- corticosterone (1)
- cost optimisation (1)
- costamere (1)
- count data (1)
- coviability (1)
- cox2 (1)
- cranes (1)
- create cropland (1)
- critical nutrient loading (1)
- critical thermal maximum (1)
- critically ill (1)
- crop (1)
- crop losses (1)
- crop model (1)
- crop rotation (1)
- crop yield failure (1)
- cropping diversity (1)
- crops (1)
- cross-level interactions (1)
- cross-striated muscle cells (1)
- crosslinker (1)
- crowding (1)
- crowdsourcing (1)
- crustacean (1)
- crustacean zooplankton (1)
- crustaceans (1)
- cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (1)
- cryptic diversity (1)
- cryptogams (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- crystal twinning (1)
- cucurbits (1)
- cultural dependence (1)
- cultures (1)
- cupriavidus necator (1)
- cyanobacteria biomarker (1)
- cyanobacteria sedimentation (1)
- cyclic GMP (1)
- cyclic-amp (1)
- cycloeucalenol (1)
- cyclops vicinus (1)
- cyclosporin A (1)
- cyr (1)
- cys-peptide (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cyt b (1)
- cytochrome oxidase I gene (1)
- cytoglobin (1)
- cytokine release (1)
- cytokines/chemokines (1)
- d-loop region (1)
- daily home-made measurements (1)
- daily precipitation (1)
- daily rainfall variability (1)
- dam construction (1)
- dark diversity (1)
- dark respiration (1)
- data analysis and statistics (1)
- data reduction (1)
- data standardisation and formatting (1)
- data synthesis (1)
- databases (1)
- de novo assembly (1)
- de novo hybrid assembly (1)
- de novo ncRNA Vorhersage (1)
- de novo ncRNA prediction (1)
- deacclimation (1)
- dead sorting (1)
- deadwood (1)
- decisions (1)
- decolorization (1)
- deep lake (1)
- deep sequencing (1)
- deep-sea bacterial community (1)
- deep-sea sharks (1)
- defence (1)
- defense genes (1)
- defense priming (1)
- defense signaling pathways (1)
- defensive symbiosis (1)
- degradable polymer (1)
- degradable polymers (1)
- degradome (1)
- degree of urbanization (1)
- dementia (1)
- demographic bottleneck (1)
- demographic history (1)
- demographic properties (1)
- dendritic (1)
- dendritic cell (1)
- dendritic polymer (1)
- dendritische Zelle (1)
- dendroclimatology (1)
- dendroecology (1)
- density (1)
- density dependence (1)
- density-dependent (1)
- density-dependent dispersal (1)
- density-driven suppression (1)
- dental eruption (1)
- dephosphorylation (1)
- desert (1)
- desiccation tolerance (1)
- detection (1)
- detection system (1)
- determination (1)
- detrended correspondence analyses (1)
- development cooperation (1)
- development goals (1)
- developmental constraints (1)
- developmental stress (1)
- developmental tempo (1)
- device (1)
- diabetes genes (1)
- diabetic nephropathy (1)
- diagnostic (1)
- diallel (1)
- diamond frogs (1)
- diaptomid copepods (1)
- diaspore (1)
- diaspore morphology (1)
- diaspore weight (1)
- diazonium coupling (1)
- dichteste Packung (1)
- diel cycle (1)
- dielectric (1)
- diet competition (1)
- diet intervention (1)
- dietary mismatch (1)
- dietary patterns (1)
- differential network analysis (1)
- differentiation (1)
- digestive acclimation (1)
- digital (1)
- digital laser range finder (1)
- dilution (1)
- dimensional stability (1)
- dimorphism (1)
- dipeptide (1)
- direct electrochemistry (1)
- direct electron (1)
- directed dispersal (1)
- directed evolution (1)
- disc arthroplasty (1)
- discontinuous migration (1)
- disease diagnosis (1)
- disease invasion (1)
- disease persistence (1)
- disease resistance (1)
- dispersal behavior (1)
- dispersal mortality (1)
- dispersal of cryptogams (1)
- dispersal potential (1)
- dispersal success (1)
- dissection (1)
- dissimilarities of plants (1)
- dissociation (1)
- dissociation kinetics (1)
- distance measure (1)
- distance thresholds (1)
- distribution modelling (1)
- distribution pattern (1)
- disturbance ecology (1)
- disturbance intensity (1)
- disturbance regime (1)
- disturbance timing (1)
- disturbance type (1)
- disturbed areas (1)
- distyly (1)
- disulfide bridges (1)
- diurnal cycle (1)
- diuron (1)
- divalent cations (1)
- divergence (1)
- divergence time (1)
- diversification rates (1)
- diversity theory (1)
- division (1)
- division of labour (1)
- diyabc (1)
- dndBCDE (1)
- docosahexaenoic acid (1)
- doctoral thesis (1)
- dog (1)
- dominance (1)
- dominance-subordination (1)
- dopingtest (1)
- dormancy (1)
- dosing algorithm (1)
- double flowers (1)
- drafted genomes (1)
- drainage works to (1)
- drift (1)
- drift and dispersal (1)
- drones (1)
- drosophila-melanogaster (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug delivery system (1)
- drug drug interactions (1)
- drug eluting stent (1)
- drug resistance evolution (1)
- dry grasslands (1)
- dry weight (1)
- drying trend (1)
- dryland ecosystems (1)
- dryland grasslands (1)
- drylands (1)
- dung (1)
- duplication (1)
- dwarf males (1)
- dye (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamic (1)
- dynamic body acceleration (1)
- dynamic energy budget (1)
- dynamic energy budget theory (1)
- dynamic energy budgets (1)
- dynamic landscapes (1)
- dynamic light scattering (1)
- eDNA (1)
- eRNA (1)
- early development (1)
- early experience (1)
- early life trauma (1)
- early stage cancer detection (1)
- early warning (1)
- early warning signals (1)
- early warning system (1)
- earthquake (1)
- eco-evolutionary dynamics (1)
- eco-evolutionary feedback (1)
- eco-hydrological modelling (1)
- ecoevolutionary dynamics (1)
- ecological efficiency (1)
- ecological forecasts (1)
- ecological genetics (1)
- ecological interactions (1)
- ecological networks (1)
- ecological niches (1)
- ecological restoration (1)
- ecological risk assessment (1)
- ecological stability (1)
- ecological strategies (1)
- ecological succession (1)
- ecological theory (1)
- economy (1)
- ecosystem engineering (1)
- ecosystem function and services; (1)
- ecosystem modeling (1)
- ecosystem productivity (1)
- ecosystem reconstruction (1)
- ecosystem restoration (1)
- ecosystem stability (1)
- ecotones (1)
- ecotoxicology (1)
- ecotypes (1)
- ectoparasites (1)
- ectoparasitism (1)
- editing (1)
- effective daylength (1)
- effects of global warming (1)
- efflux (1)
- ego motivation (1)
- eider duck (1)
- einjährige Pflanzen (1)
- eland (1)
- elastic modulus (1)
- elderly (1)
- electric organ (1)
- electric organ discharge (1)
- electro-polymerization (1)
- electrochemical biosensor (1)
- electrochemical biosensors (1)
- electrocyte ontogeny (1)
- electrocyte ultrastructure (1)
- electrode (1)
- electrokinetics (1)
- electron paramagnetic resonance (1)
- electrophysiology (1)
- electropolymers (1)
- electrospun scaffold (1)
- electrosynthesis (1)
- elektrokinetische Effekte (1)
- elemental composition (1)
- elephantid evolution (1)
- elephants (1)
- elevated CO2 concentration (1)
- elevated temperature (1)
- elicitors (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- embryo (1)
- embryo development (1)
- emergent facilitation (1)
- emission inventory (1)
- emission modeling (1)
- emotional stress (1)
- empirical dynamic modelling (1)
- emulsion (1)
- enantiospecificity (1)
- endemic lizard (1)
- endemicity (1)
- endogenous retrovirus (1)
- endoparasites (1)
- endoperoxides (1)
- endoreduplication (1)
- endosperm (1)
- endosymbiosis (1)
- endothelial cell (1)
- endothelial progenitor cell (1)
- enemy release (1)
- energetic equivalence rule (1)
- energetics (1)
- energy (1)
- energy flow (1)
- energy limiting condition (1)
- energy pathway (1)
- energy starvation (1)
- energy-metabolism (1)
- enrichments methods (1)
- ensemble method (1)
- ensemble prediction (1)
- entropic enzymes (1)
- environment (1)
- environment filtering (1)
- environmental adversity (1)
- environmental and general living conditions (1)
- environmental autocorrelation (1)
- environmental awareness (1)
- environmental changes (1)
- environmental conditions (1)
- environmental effects (1)
- environmental factor (1)
- environmental filtering; (1)
- environmental fluctuations (1)
- environmental forcing (1)
- environmental genomics (1)
- environmental gradient (1)
- environmental impact (1)
- environmental impact assessment (1)
- environmental management (1)
- environmental metabolomics (1)
- environmental monitoring (1)
- environmental reconstruction (1)
- environmental reconstructions (1)
- environmental stress response (1)
- environmental trigger (1)
- enzymatic activities (1)
- enzymatic biofuel cell (1)
- enzymatic degradation (1)
- enzymatic modification (1)
- enzymatically active membrane (1)
- enzymatische Reaktionsspezifität (1)
- enzyme activities (1)
- enzyme activity (1)
- enzyme bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- enzyme catalytic rates (1)
- enzyme engineering (1)
- enzyme evolution (1)
- enzyme isoforms (1)
- enzyme kinetic (1)
- enzyme kinetics (1)
- enzyme models (1)
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (1)
- enzyme/polymer conjugate (1)
- epibiont motility (1)
- epigeal arthropods (1)
- epigenome editing (1)
- epigenomics (1)
- epilimnic methane peak (1)
- epiphytes (1)
- epithelia (1)
- epithelial salt transport (1)
- epithelial transport (1)
- epithelialer Transport (1)
- epitop prediction (1)
- epitope imprinting (1)
- equus caballus (1)
- erhöhte Nachttemperaturen (1)
- erosion (1)
- error avoidance (1)
- erucic acid (1)
- erworbene Immunantwort (1)
- erythropoiesis (1)
- erzeugte Kraft (1)
- essential nutrient (1)
- essentiality (1)
- eukaryotes (1)
- eurasian lynx (1)
- eusociality (1)
- evenness (1)
- everything is everywhere (1)
- evolution of cooperation (1)
- evolution of plastids (1)
- evolutionary genomics (1)
- exercise (1)
- exopolysaccharide (1)
- exopolysaccharides (1)
- expanded genetic code (1)
- expansin (1)
- experiment description (1)
- experimental metadata (1)
- experimental plant communities (1)
- exploitative competition (1)
- exposure time (1)
- expression Quantitative Trait Loci (1)
- extensively managed grasslands (1)
- external dispersal (1)
- extinct birds (1)
- extinct species (1)
- extinction risk (1)
- extinctions (1)
- extracellular matrix (ECM) (1)
- extrapolating experimental data (1)
- extrapolation (1)
- extravasation-rate limited tissue model (1)
- extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- extreme temperature events (1)
- extreme weather event (1)
- extreme weather events (1)
- extremophile teleosts (1)
- extremotolerance (1)
- face proportions (1)
- factor VII (1)
- factorial design (1)
- faecal corticosterone metabolites (1)
- faeces (1)
- falling groundwater level (1)
- fallow land (1)
- false smut fungi (1)
- farm productivity (1)
- farmers (1)
- fast and slow learner (1)
- fat-tailed dispersal kernels (1)
- fatty acid composition (1)
- fear (1)
- feature engineering (1)
- feeding rate (1)
- feeding strategies (1)
- felid conservation (1)
- felidae (1)
- female preference (1)
- fen grasslands (1)
- fernandoi (1)
- ferns (1)
- ferrocene (1)
- fertiliser (1)
- fertility (1)
- fff (1)
- fiber mesh scaffolds (1)
- fibre optic (1)
- fibrinogen (1)
- fibroblasts (1)
- fibronectin (1)
- field boundaries (1)
- field margins (1)
- field vole (1)
- filaments (1)
- filtration rate (1)
- final body height (1)
- final height (1)
- fine-scale interactions (1)
- fire frequency (1)
- first flowering day (1)
- fish migration (1)
- fisheries management (1)
- fitness-maximization (1)
- fl (1)
- flagellates (1)
- flavanone (1)
- flavanonol (1)
- flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- flavonoid biosynthesis (1)
- flavonoid glycosides (1)
- flavoprotein (1)
- fleshy fruit ripening (1)
- flight (1)
- flight efficiency (1)
- flight height (1)
- floodplain (1)
- floral meristem (1)
- floral organ (1)
- floristic survey (1)
- flow system (1)
- flow-through biochip scanner (1)
- flow-through vessel (1)
- flower ecology (1)
- flower size (1)
- flower-insect-interaction (1)
- flowering time (1)
- fluctuating environment (1)
- fluctuating selection (1)
- fluorescein (1)
- fluorescence fluctuation microscopy (1)
- fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence image analysis (1)
- fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (1)
- fluorescence resonance energy transfer (1)
- fluorescent image analysis (1)
- fluorescent labeling (1)
- fluorescent probe (1)
- fluorescent proteins (1)
- fluorescent reporter (1)
- fluoreszierende Proteine (1)
- fluviatilis (1)
- flux analysis (1)
- flux modeling (1)
- fly pollination (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- foetal growth (1)
- folding (1)
- food abundance (1)
- food access (1)
- food allergy (1)
- food analysis (1)
- food chain (1)
- food preference (1)
- food quantity (1)
- food structuring (1)
- food web models (1)
- food-web efficiency (1)
- food-web models (1)
- foodweb (1)
- forage (1)
- foraging behavior (1)
- foreign body giant cells (1)
- forelimb (1)
- forest change (1)
- forest clear-cut (1)
- forest conversion (1)
- forest dynamics (1)
- forest invasion (1)
- forest plant species (1)
- forest specialist (1)
- forest specialists (1)
- forest understorey (1)
- forest understorey plant species (1)
- forests (1)
- formaldehyde (1)
- formate (1)
- formate assimilation (1)
- formate dehydrogenases (1)
- formate dehyrogenases (1)
- formate oxidation (1)
- fossil (1)
- fossil pollen (1)
- founder effect (1)
- founder-cell recruitment (1)
- four-dimensional tissue reconstruction (1)
- fovea (1)
- fragmented landscapes (1)
- fragments (1)
- frame index (1)
- frameshifting (1)
- free energy of binding (1)
- free zinc (1)
- free-flying honey bees (1)
- free-ranging (1)
- freshwater ecology (1)
- freshwater ecosystems (1)
- freshwater fungi (1)
- freshwater lakes (1)
- freshwater microbes (1)
- freshwater sharks (1)
- fried (1)
- fruit development (1)
- fruit shape (1)
- full annual cycle (1)
- full-length transcriptome (1)
- functional (1)
- functional ecology (1)
- functional genomics (1)
- functional morphology (1)
- functional plant group (1)
- functional senescence (1)
- functional types (1)
- functional-structural plant model (1)
- functionalization (1)
- functioning (1)
- fundamental motor skills (1)
- fungal community (1)
- fungal parasites (1)
- fungal pathogen susceptibility (1)
- funktionale Merkmale (1)
- funktionelle Eigenschaften (1)
- funktionelle Ökologie (1)
- fusion (1)
- fuzzy c-means (1)
- g3p (1)
- galactose-decorated monomer (1)
- game browsing (1)
- gammarus crustacea (1)
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (1)
- gastropoda (1)
- gastropodochory (1)
- gate effect (1)
- geitonogamy (1)
- gelatin based scaffold (1)
- gelöster organischer Kohlenstoff (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gene cluster activation (1)
- gene coexpression (1)
- gene conversion (1)
- gene expression control (1)
- gene expression profiles (1)
- gene family (1)
- gene family evolution (1)
- gene function prediction (1)
- gene knock-out (1)
- gene order (1)
- gene responsiveness (1)
- gene therapy (1)
- gene tree parsimony (1)
- genera Rutilus (1)
- general dynamic model (1)
- generalist emergent group (1)
- generalists (1)
- generalizability (1)
- generalized linear model (1)
- generated force (1)
- genetic adaptation (1)
- genetic circuit (1)
- genetic circuits (1)
- genetic diversity loss (1)
- genetic erosion (1)
- genetic fingerprinting (1)
- genetic monitoring (1)
- genetic mosaicism (1)
- genetic resistance (1)
- genetic variability (1)
- genetic variation (1)
- genetic vectors (1)
- genetics (1)
- genetische Manipulation (1)
- genetische Netzwerke (1)
- genetische Vielfalt (1)
- genetisches Fingerprinting (1)
- genetisches Mosaik (1)
- genome (1)
- genome analysis (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome evolution (1)
- genome partitioning (1)
- genome-scale metabolic (1)
- genome-scale metabolic model (1)
- genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (1)
- genomic evolution (1)
- genomic selection (1)
- genomics/proteomics (1)
- genotype data (1)
- genotype-by-Environmental interaction (GxE) (1)
- genotyping (1)
- geochronology (1)
- geographic neighborhood (1)
- geographical and altitudinal distribution (1)
- geographische Großstudie (1)
- geological evolution (1)
- geometric morphometric (1)
- geometric morphometrics (1)
- geothermal aquifer (1)
- germ pores (1)
- germination rate (1)
- gestational weight gain (1)
- giant unilamellar vesicles (1)
- giant vesicles (1)
- gibberellin (1)
- giraffe (1)
- giraffe conservation (1)
- glacial / interglacial transition (1)
- glacial divergence (1)
- glacial lakes (1)
- glacial refuges (1)
- glass fiber (1)
- glaziale Refugien (1)
- glioma (1)
- global and regional change (1)
- global carbon cycle (1)
- global change ecology (1)
- global spread (1)
- global warming (1)
- globaler Wandel (1)
- glucan phosphorylase (1)
- glucan phosphorylation (1)
- glucolipotoxicity (1)
- glucose 1-phosphate (1)
- glucose 1-phosphate transport (1)
- glucose dehydrogenase (1)
- glucose metabolism (1)
- glutathione peroxidase-2 GPx2 (1)
- glycan recognition (1)
- glycated peptide (1)
- glycine decarboxylase complex (=GCV) (1)
- glycine synthase complex (reversal of GCV) (1)
- glyco-inside nano-assemblies (1)
- glycoalkaloids (1)
- glycogen phosphorylation (1)
- glycolate oxidase (1)
- glycoprotein GP2 (1)
- glycosylation (1)
- gold (1)
- good-genes-model (1)
- gov (1)
- gradient boosting (1)
- grain filling (1)
- gram-negative (1)
- gramnegativ (1)
- granule formation (1)
- granule number per chloroplast (1)
- graph theory (1)
- grasshopper (1)
- grassland communities (1)
- grassland management (1)
- grassland productivity (1)
- grasslands ecosystem (1)
- grating coupler (1)
- grazer (1)
- green algae (1)
- green cardamom (1)
- green house gases (1)
- green-green dilemma (1)
- green-i (1)
- grid-based simulation model (1)
- grobkörnig (1)
- gross primary production (1)
- group living (1)
- group-living (1)
- growing season length (1)
- growth adaptation (1)
- growth chambers (1)
- growth control (1)
- growth coordination (1)
- growth defect (1)
- growth of migrants (1)
- growth references (1)
- growth regulate factor (1)
- growth regulation (1)
- growth selection (1)
- growth standards (1)
- growth tempo (1)
- growth-age (1)
- growthrates (1)
- guideline (1)
- guidelines (1)
- guild assembly (1)
- guppy (1)
- gustatory responsiveness (1)
- gynoecium development (1)
- hADSC (1)
- hCG (1)
- habitability (1)
- habitat choice (1)
- habitat generalist (1)
- habitat islands (1)
- habitat specificity (1)
- habitat suitability (1)
- habitat type (1)
- habitat-species interaction (1)
- haematopoiesis (1)
- hairy root Transformation (1)
- hand force (1)
- handedness (1)
- handling effect (1)
- hantavirus disease (1)
- haplotype (1)
- haplotype reconstruction (1)
- hapten (1)
- haptens (1)
- hare (1)
- harmful algae (1)
- harmonic radar (1)
- harvesting (1)
- hatchery (1)
- hatching success (1)
- health (1)
- heart (1)
- heart development (1)
- heart-disease (1)
- heartwood formation (1)
- heat shock proteins (1)
- heat shock transcription factor (1)
- heat stress response (1)
- heat tolerance (1)
- height in history (1)
- height of Turkish migrants (1)
- helical structures (1)
- hematopoetic stem cells (1)
- hematopoietic stem cell (1)
- heme (1)
- heme proteins (1)
- hemizygosity (1)
- hemodynamics (1)
- hemolysis (1)
- heparan sulfate (1)
- herbaceous layer (1)
- herbicide (1)
- herbicides (1)
- herkogamy (1)
- herpes simplex virus (1)
- heterocyclic aromatic amine (1)
- heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- heterologous systems (1)
- heteromorphic self-incompatibility (1)
- heteronuclear NMR (1)
- heteroplasmy (1)
- heterotopic ossification (HO) (1)
- heterozyklisches aromatisches Amin (1)
- hexadecane (1)
- hexamer (1)
- hexapoda (1)
- hexoses (1)
- hibernation (1)
- hidden markov model (1)
- hidden obesity (1)
- hierarchical Bayesian statistics (1)
- hierarchical framework (1)
- hierarchical level (1)
- hierarchical structures (1)
- high density (1)
- high fluorescence signal (1)
- high light (1)
- high night temperature (1)
- high resolution (1)
- high resolution mass spectrometry (1)
- high temperature (1)
- high throughput sequencing (1)
- high-affinity (1)
- high-affinity transporter (1)
- high-dimensional cytometry data (1)
- high-frequency sensors (1)
- high-throughput sequencing (1)
- histidin (1)
- histidine-metal coordination (1)
- histone (1)
- histone methylation (1)
- histone modifications, priming (1)
- historic growth studies (1)
- historical demography (1)
- historical ecology (1)
- historical growth (1)
- historical maps (1)
- hochauflösende Massenspektrometrie (1)
- hohe Auflösung (1)
- hoher Durchsatz Sequenzierung (1)
- holobiont (1)
- holotype (1)
- home range selection (1)
- home-away effect (1)
- home-ranges (1)
- homing (1)
- homoeotic (1)
- homogeneity (1)
- homogenisation (1)
- homogenization (1)
- homology (1)
- homozygosity (1)
- honey bee dance (1)
- honey bee flight (1)
- honey bee mating (1)
- honey bee navigation (1)
- hook-lipped rhinoceros (1)
- horizontal gene transfer (1)
- horizontaler Gentransfer (1)
- hormonal pathways (1)
- hormone-releasing hormone (1)
- hormones (1)
- horseradish peroxidase (1)
- horticulture (1)
- host alternation (1)
- host-parasite interaction (1)
- host-pathogen coevolution (1)
- host-plants (1)
- host-specificity (1)
- host-virus (1)
- host– pathogen dynamics (1)
- hotspots (1)
- hub genes (1)
- human (1)
- human evolutionary genetics (1)
- human growth (1)
- human impact (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cell (1)
- human introduction (1)
- human metabolic syndrome (1)
- human-animal relationships (1)
- human-induced rapid environmental change (1)
- human-vegetation interaction (1)
- human-wildlife conflicts (1)
- humic lake (1)
- humidity (1)
- hummingbird pollination (1)
- hunting (1)
- hyaluronic acid (1)
- hyaluronic acid supplementation (1)
- hybrid breakdown (1)
- hybrid incompatibility (1)
- hybrid model (1)
- hybrid variegation (1)
- hybride Inkompatibilität (1)
- hybridisation capture (1)
- hybridization barrier (1)
- hybridization rate (1)
- hybridoma cells (1)
- hydro-engineering history; (1)
- hydrochlorothiazide (1)
- hydrocortisone (1)
- hydrophilicity (1)
- hydrostatic pressure (1)
- hydrothermal time model (1)
- hyena (1)
- hymenoptera (1)
- hyper spectral (1)
- hyperaccumulation (1)
- hyperforin (1)
- hyperglycemia (1)
- hyperspectral measurements (1)
- hyponasty (1)
- iPhone (1)
- iatom diversity (1)
- identification (1)
- illegal hunting (1)
- illuminance (1)
- imaging flow cytometry (1)
- imbalanced diet (1)
- immobilization; (1)
- immobilized enzyme (1)
- immunconjugate (1)
- immune cell population (1)
- immune reaction (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunity (1)
- immunoassay; GDH-biosensor; phenolic compounds; on-site-analysis; FIA;ß-galactosidase; wastewater analysis (1)
- immunoassays (1)
- immunofluorescence (1)
- immunology (1)
- immunonutrition (1)
- immunoscreening (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- impact on growth (1)
- impacts (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- imperialist dogma (1)
- implant design (1)
- importance (1)
- in planta modification (1)
- in vivo study (1)
- in-situ (1)
- in-vitro diagnostic (1)
- inbreeding depression (1)
- incubation (1)
- indirect fitness (1)
- indirubin-3-monoxime (1)
- indium tin oxide ITO (1)
- individual based (1)
- individual body height (1)
- individual discrimination (1)
- individual niche specialization (1)
- individual reaction norm (1)
- individual variability (1)
- individual-based (1)
- individual-based models (1)
- individual‐ based model (1)
- individuelle Modellierung (1)
- individuen-basierte Modellierung (1)
- indivuduenbasiert (1)
- indolactams (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- inducible defence (1)
- inducible expression (1)
- inducible gene expression (1)
- industrial and developing countries (1)
- induzierbare Genexpression (1)
- inequality (1)
- infection risk (1)
- infectivity (1)
- inflated response curves (1)
- influenza A viruses (1)
- influenza virus (1)
- influenza-A (1)
- information technology (1)
- information theory (1)
- ingestion (1)
- inhibition kinetics (1)
- initiation (1)
- inlabru (1)
- inland water (1)
- inland waters (1)
- innate immune response (1)
- innervation (1)
- innovation (1)
- inorganic phosphorus limitation (1)
- inquiry (1)
- insect behavior (1)
- insect decline (1)
- insect-like AANAT (1)
- insecticides (1)
- insectivores (1)
- instrument (1)
- insulin analog (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- intake screening (1)
- integrated assessments (1)
- integrated model (1)
- integrative omics analysis (1)
- intellectual disability (1)
- intensification (1)
- intensity vs (1)
- intensive agriculture (1)
- intensively managed grasslands (1)
- inter- and intra-species interactions (1)
- inter-individual difference (1)
- inter-specific interactions (1)
- interaction analysis (1)
- interaction modification (1)
- interaction network (1)
- interactomics (1)
- intercalated disc (1)
- interference competition (1)
- intermediate filament (1)
- internalin B (1)
- interspecies interchange (1)
- interspecific hybridization (1)
- interspecific variation (1)
- interspezifische Wechselwirkungen (1)
- interval squeeze (1)
- intestinal bacteria (1)
- intestine (1)
- intra-specific trait variation (1)
- intra-specific variation (1)
- intracellular pH (1)
- intracellular pH regulation (1)
- intransitivity (1)
- intraspecific brood parasitism (1)
- intraspecific divergence (1)
- intraspecific diversity (1)
- intraspecific trait (1)
- intraspezifische Merkmalsvariation (1)
- intrinsic motivation (1)
- intronic cis-regulatory element (1)
- invariability (1)
- invasion boundary (1)
- invasion by extremes (1)
- invasion stages (1)
- invasiv (1)
- invasive plant (1)
- inversion (1)
- inversions (1)
- invertase (1)
- invertebrate macropores (1)
- invertebrate-derived (iDNA) (1)
- invertebrates (1)
- inverted terminal repeat (ITR) (1)
- in situ scanning (1)
- ion homeostasis (1)
- ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) (1)
- ionale Zusammensetzung (1)
- ionic composition (1)
- irbesartan (1)
- iron regulation (1)
- iron sulfur clusters (1)
- iron-sulfur cluster (1)
- iron-sulfur protein (1)
- irreversibel (1)
- irreversible (1)
- irrigation (1)
- island biogeography theory (1)
- island ecology (1)
- island evolution (1)
- island population (1)
- islands as model systems (1)
- isoflavone (1)
- isoforms (1)
- isolation (1)
- isolation-by-adaptation (1)
- isothermal amplification (1)
- isothermale Amplifikation (1)
- isotopic labeling (1)
- iterative mapping (1)
- jaguar (1)
- joint flexibility (1)
- joint probability (1)
- jumping spider (1)
- juvenile mortality (1)
- juvenile plasticity (1)
- karyopherin (1)
- katalytische Antikörper (1)
- kationische Liposomen (1)
- keratinocytes (1)
- kettle hole; (1)
- kidney (1)
- killer whale (1)
- kin selection (1)
- kinase pathway (1)
- kindergarten children (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kinesin (1)
- kinetic analysis (1)
- kinetic modeling (1)
- kinetic parameter (1)
- kinetische Analyse (1)
- kinetische Modellierung (1)
- klassische Schweinepest (1)
- knemometry (1)
- kombinatorische Optimierung (1)
- kombinierter Hitze- und Trockenstress (1)
- kontrollierte Freisetzung von Biomolekülen (1)
- konventionelle Landwirtschaft (1)
- kudu (1)
- körperliche Bewegung (1)
- künstlicher Virus (1)
- lab on a chip (1)
- lab-on-a-chip (1)
- lab-on-chip (1)
- label-free biosensors (1)
- laboratory practice (1)
- laccase (1)
- lactams (1)
- lactase-persistence (1)
- lactic acid (1)
- lacustrine groundwater discharge (1)
- lafora disease (1)
- laforin (1)
- lagoon (1)
- lake community (1)
- lake ecosystem (1)
- lake food web (1)
- lake sediment (1)
- lake stratification (1)
- lamprophyre (1)
- land reform (1)
- land sharing vs (1)
- land snails (1)
- land sparing (1)
- land use change (1)
- land use history (1)
- land use impact (1)
- land-cover classification (1)
- land-use (1)
- land-use conflicts (1)
- land-use history (1)
- land-use intensity niche (1)
- land-water coupling (1)
- landscape analysis (1)
- landscape complexity; (1)
- landscape connectivity (1)
- landscape genetics (1)
- landscape heterogeneity (1)
- landscape planning (1)
- landscape scale (1)
- landscapes (1)
- langmuir monolayers (1)
- larch forest (1)
- larch species (1)
- large scale national conservation plan (1)
- large scale vegetation diversity (1)
- large ungulate (1)
- large-area mapping (1)
- large-scale study (1)
- larval locomotion (1)
- laser capture microdissection (1)
- last glacial (1)
- last glacial maxima (1)
- late embryogenesis abundant (1)
- late embryogenesis abundant proteins (1)
- laterality (1)
- latitudinal (1)
- latitudinal clines (1)
- latitudinal gradients (1)
- layer-by-layer (1)
- lead halide perovskites (1)
- leading edge (1)
- leading/trailing edge (1)
- leaf area (1)
- leaf area index (1)
- leaf economics (1)
- leaf hydraulic architecture (1)
- leaf midrib (1)
- leaf morphology (1)
- leaf width (1)
- lean mass (1)
- learning (1)
- learning networks plant (1)
- least-cost path (1)
- lebende Materialien (1)
- left handers (1)
- leghemoglobin (1)
- legionella pneumophila (1)
- legume (1)
- legume lectin (1)
- legumes (1)
- leptospirosis (1)
- leucine amino peptidases (1)
- leucine-rich repeat (1)
- leucine-rich repeat protein (1)
- leucinreiches repeat-Protein (1)
- licht-schaltbare Proteine (1)
- life form (1)
- life history attributes (1)
- life-cycle (1)
- life-history evolution (1)
- life-history theory (1)
- life-table experiments (1)
- lifespan (1)
- lifetime (1)
- lifetime achievements (1)
- ligation cloning extract (1)
- light acclimation (1)
- light intensity (1)
- light response (1)
- light responsiveness (1)
- light signaling (1)
- light spectrum (1)
- light-field camera (1)
- light-triggered (1)
- lignin-derived phenols (1)
- lignocellulose (1)
- limb disproportions (1)
- linear enamel hypoplasia (1)
- linear growth (1)
- linker (1)
- lipid (1)
- lipid droplets (1)
- lipid monolayer (1)
- lipid packing (1)
- lipid profiling (1)
- lipid synthesis (1)
- lipid-binding protein (1)
- lipid-ratio (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- lipophagy (1)
- lipopolysaccharide (YLPS) (1)
- lipopolysaccharides (1)
- lipoprotein-lipase (1)
- lipoproteins (1)
- liposomes (1)
- lipoxygenase (1)
- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- litter decomposition (1)
- littoral (1)
- littoral eutrophication (1)
- live (1)
- liver (1)
- living collections management (1)
- living materials (1)
- lncRNA (1)
- local abundances (1)
- local convex hull (1)
- local knowledge (1)
- long distance movement (1)
- long-term change (1)
- long-term data (1)
- long-term desiccation (1)
- long-term hydrological changes (1)
- long-term time series (1)
- loop modification (1)
- loss-of-function mutation (1)
- loss-of-function-Mutation (1)
- low NPQ (1)
- low and middle-income (1)
- low light stress conditions (1)
- low temperature (1)
- low temperature stress (1)
- lower Havel river wetland (1)
- lower leg length (1)
- lowland fen (1)
- luminescence lifetime (1)
- lumpy coexistence (1)
- lung organoid (1)
- lycopersicum (1)
- lysine dendron (1)
- lyso-phospholipids (1)
- lysosome (1)
- lyssavirus (1)
- mAb Disposition (1)
- mRFP1 (1)
- mRNA (1)
- mRNA Degradierung (1)
- mRNA Quantification (1)
- mRNA chemistry (1)
- mRNA degradation (1)
- mRNA structure (1)
- mRNA-Chemie (1)
- machine (1)
- machine-learning (1)
- machinelearning (1)
- machinelles Lernen (1)
- macroecology (1)
- macrolides (1)
- macromolecular assemblies (1)
- macrophage activation (1)
- macrophage subsets (1)
- macropores (1)
- macroporous ITO electrodes (1)
- magnesium (1)
- magnetic map (1)
- magnetic pulse (1)
- magnetic-particlebased sensor (1)
- magnetite Ketter (1)
- magnetoreception (1)
- magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- magnetotaktische Bakterien (1)
- magpie (1)
- mainland (1)
- major hhistocompatibility complex (1)
- male body height (1)
- male philopatry (1)
- maleimidophenyl (1)
- malin (1)
- maltodextrin (1)
- maltose (1)
- mammalian ALOX15 orthologs (1)
- mammalian body (1)
- mammoth (1)
- management intensity (1)
- management zone (1)
- managing big data (1)
- marine mammal (1)
- mark-release-recapture (1)
- martini (1)
- mass accuracy (1)
- mass cytometry data (1)
- mass flowering (1)
- mass production process (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- matK (1)
- mate choice (1)
- material and moral conditions (1)
- maternal effect (1)
- maternal environmental effects (1)
- maternal lineages (1)
- maternal nicotine consumption (1)
- maternal provisioning (1)
- maternal trauma (1)
- mathematical simulation models (1)
- mathematische Modelierung (1)
- mathematische Simulationsmodelle (1)
- mathematisches Modellierung (1)
- matrix (1)
- matrix elasticity (1)
- matrix protein (1)
- maturity groups (1)
- maximal correlation (1)
- maximum temperature (1)
- mayfly (1)
- mcgraph (1)
- mcy (1)
- measles virus (1)
- measure hormone contents (1)
- measuring instrument (1)
- mecC (1)
- mechanical loading (1)
- mechanics (1)
- mechanische Mikrodis (1)
- mechanische Stabilität (1)
- mechanism (1)
- mechanistic model (1)
- mechanistic models (1)
- mechanistisches Modell (1)
- mechanosensation (1)
- mechanotransduction (1)
- mediterranean-type ecosystem (1)
- megafauna (1)
- melanoma (1)
- melatonin (1)
- membrane binding (1)
- membrane fatty acids (1)
- membrane fractionation (1)
- membrane order (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane repair (1)
- menopause (1)
- mental arithmetic (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mental retardation (1)
- mercury intrusion porosimetry (1)
- merkmalsbasierte Ansätze (1)
- meropenem (1)
- mesenchymal stromal cells (1)
- mesenchymale stromale Zellen (1)
- mesic grasslands (1)
- mesocarp (1)
- mesocosms (1)
- mesophyll (1)
- meta-community (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- metabolic Quantitative Trait Loci (1)
- metabolic control analysis (1)
- metabolic costs (1)
- metabolic flux analysis (1)
- metabolic genomics (1)
- metabolic modeling (1)
- metabolic modelling (1)
- metabolic plasticity (1)
- metabolic rate (1)
- metabolic scaling theory (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metabolic theory of ecology (1)
- metabolisch (1)
- metabolische Kosten (1)
- metabolische Modellierung (1)
- metabolischer Phänotyp (1)
- metabolisches Engineering (1)
- metabolisches Modifizieren (1)
- metabolisches Netzwerk (1)
- metabolisches Syndrom (1)
- metabolite breeding (1)
- metabolome (1)
- metabolome analysis (1)
- metabolomic analysis (1)
- metabolomics/metabolite profiling (1)
- metacommunities (1)
- metacommunity assembly (1)
- metacommunity dynamics (1)
- metagenomics 2.0 (1)
- metal cation (1)
- metal-containing enzyme (1)
- metal-free (1)
- metalloenzyme (1)
- metamorphosis (1)
- metapopulation dynamics (1)
- methane cycle (1)
- methanogene Archaea (1)
- methanogene Archaeen (1)
- methanol assimilation (1)
- methanotrophic bacteria (1)
- methanotrophs (1)
- methanoxidierende Bakterien (1)
- methanproduzierende Archaeen (1)
- methyl viologen (1)
- metric index (1)
- miRNA Regulation (1)
- miRNA regulation (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- micorbicide (1)
- micro-computed tomography (1)
- microRNA-induced silencing complex (1)
- microRNA172 (1)
- microRNA399 (1)
- microalgae (1)
- microalgal resource (1)
- microbes (1)
- microbial (1)
- microbial activity (1)
- microbial carbon turnover (1)
- microbial decomposition (1)
- microbial degradation (1)
- microbial invasion (1)
- microbial loop (1)
- microbial processes (1)
- microbial soil communities (1)
- microbiota (1)
- microcapsules (1)
- microcystis (1)
- microelectrode (1)
- microgel (1)
- microheating (1)
- microorganisms (1)
- microparticles (1)
- microperoxidase (1)
- microplastics ingestion (1)
- microscale thermophoresis (MST) (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microsites (1)
- microsomes (1)
- microstructures (1)
- microtubule (1)
- microtubule-organizing center (1)
- microviridin (1)
- microviscosity (1)
- migrants (1)
- migratory birds (1)
- mikroRNA399 (1)
- mikrobielle Aktivität (1)
- mikrobielle Bodengemeinschaften (1)
- mikrobielle Gemeinschaft (1)
- mikrobielle Interaktionen (1)
- mikrobielle Moor-Kerngemeinschaft (1)
- mikrobielle Prozesse (1)
- mikrobielle Vielfalt (1)
- mikrobielle Ökologie (1)
- mikrobieller Abbau (1)
- mikrobieller Kohlenstoffkreislauf (1)
- minerals (1)
- mini growth spurt (1)
- mini growth spurts (1)
- minimal invasive Probennahme (1)
- minimal invasive sampling (1)
- minimum convex polygon (1)
- minimum information recommendations (1)
- mirror illusion (1)
- mirror therapy (1)
- misfolding (1)
- mitigation measures (1)
- mitochondrial control region I (1)
- mitochondrial dna sequences (1)
- mitochondrial fragmentation (1)
- mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) (1)
- mitochondrial genomes (1)
- mitochondrial haplotypes (1)
- mitochondrial lineages (1)
- mitochondrial phylogeny (1)
- mitochondrial remodelling (1)
- mitochondrial transformation (1)
- mitochondriopathy (1)
- mixed cultures (1)
- mobility (1)
- model analysis (1)
- model coupling (1)
- model description (1)
- model development (1)
- model membranes (1)
- model validation (1)
- model verification (1)
- modest approach (1)
- modifications (1)
- modified electrodes (1)
- modified primers (1)
- moesin (1)
- molecular analysis (1)
- molecular dating (1)
- molecular diversity (1)
- molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- molecular farming (1)
- molecular force sensors (1)
- molecular imprinting (1)
- molecular machine (1)
- molecular methods (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- molecularly imprinted electropolymers (1)
- molecularly imprinted polymer (1)
- molekular geprägte Polymere (1)
- molekulare Datierung (1)
- molekulare Kraftsensoren (1)
- molluscs (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (Moco) (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (Moco)-binding chaperone (1)
- molybdo-enzymes (1)
- molybdo-flavoenzyme (1)
- molybdoenzyme maturation (1)
- molybdoenzymes (1)
- molybdoflavoenzymes (1)
- monogonont rotifer (1)
- monolayers (1)
- moonlighting (1)
- morality (1)
- mormyridae (1)
- morphological (1)
- morphological analysis (1)
- morphological changes (1)
- morphological divergence (1)
- morphological evolution (1)
- morphological plasticity (1)
- morphological similarities (1)
- morphologischen Veränderungen (1)
- mortality (1)
- mortality bias (1)
- moss-associated archaea (1)
- moss-associated bacteria (1)
- moss-associated methanogenesis (1)
- moss-associated methanotrophy (1)
- moss-microbe-interactions (1)
- most recent common ancestor (1)
- motor competence (1)
- motor neurons (1)
- mould fungus (1)
- mouse lethality assay (1)
- movemen ecology (1)
- movement barrier (1)
- movement behaviour (1)
- movement patterns (1)
- mtDNA haplotype (1)
- mulifractional diffusion (1)
- multi-adulteration (1)
- multi-agent simulation (1)
- multi-facettierter Diversität (1)
- multi-fraktionelle Diffusion (1)
- multi-host-multi-pathogen interactions (1)
- multi-lake snapshot surveys (1)
- multi-locus data (1)
- multi-omics (1)
- multi-parametric analysis (1)
- multi-sensor (1)
- multi-species hierarchical modelling (1)
- multi-trophic communities (1)
- multi-trophic dynamics (1)
- multiblock copolymer (1)
- multichannel potentiostat (1)
- multidimensional complexity (1)
- multienzyme electrode (1)
- multifaceted diversity (1)
- multifactorial environmental change (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multifunctionality (1)
- multilayer films (1)
- multipara (1)
- multiparameter (1)
- multiple (1)
- multiple drivers (1)
- multiple genes (1)
- multiple paternity (1)
- multiple sclerosis (1)
- multiple sequence alignment (1)
- multiplex assay (1)
- multitrophic interactions (1)
- multivalency (1)
- multivalent (1)
- multivariate ratio analysis (1)
- multivariate statistische Technik (1)
- murine Tas2rs (1)
- murine leukemia virus (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle development (1)
- musculoskeletal system (1)
- museum collection (1)
- mustelids (1)
- mutagenicity (1)
- mutants (1)
- mutual information (1)
- mycoloop (1)
- mycorrhiza (1)
- myeloma cells (1)
- myodes glareolus (1)
- myoglobin (1)
- myotendinous junction (1)
- n-oxPTH (1)
- nacheiszeitliche Wiederbesiedlung (1)
- nanobody (1)
- nanocapsules (1)
- nanocarbon materials (1)
- nanoindentation (1)
- nanoparticles assembly (1)
- nanostructured materials (1)
- nanostrukturierte Materialien (1)
- naringenin (1)
- narrow-mouthed frogs (1)
- national biodiversity hotspots (1)
- nationalen Naturschutzplanung (1)
- nationaler Biodiversitäts-Hotspots (1)
- native range (1)
- natural enemies (1)
- natural genetic variation (1)
- natural killer cells (NK cells) (1)
- natural organic matter (1)
- natural resource management (1)
- natural rotifer (1)
- natural selection (1)
- natural variation (1)
- naturalised plants (1)
- nature of science (1)
- naturnahe Habitate (1)
- natürliche genetische Variation (1)
- navigation (1)
- neck evolution (1)
- necrosis (1)
- nectar (1)
- neighbor correlation (1)
- nematodes (1)
- neofunctionalization (1)
- neogene (1)
- neotypification (1)
- nephrocystins (1)
- nephronophthisis (1)
- nephropathia epidemica (1)
- nest predation (1)
- nest-site selection (1)
- net production (1)
- network of plant invasion (1)
- network structure (1)
- neural differentiation (1)
- neurite outgrowth (1)
- neurodegenerative (1)
- neurodegenerative Erkrankung (1)
- neuroglobin (1)
- neurohormone (1)
- neuroinflammation (1)
- neuronal adhesion (1)
- neuronal networks (1)
- neuronale Netzwerke (1)
- neuropeptide (1)
- neutral landscape models (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (1)
- neutral theory (1)
- new genus (1)
- new record (1)
- newborn size (1)
- niche optimum (1)
- niche shifts (1)
- nicht additiv (1)
- nicht-Mendelsche Vererbung (1)
- nicht-einheimisch (1)
- nicht-kanonische Aminosäuren (1)
- nicht-stöchiometrische Modifikationen (1)
- nichtinvasive Diagnostik (1)
- nitrate (1)
- nitrate assimilation (1)
- nitrate reductase (1)
- nitrated proteins (1)
- nitric oxide-NO (1)
- nitrogen availability (1)
- nitrogen remobilization (1)
- nociceptors (1)
- nocturnal epigeal insect (1)
- nodulin (1)
- non-Mendelian inheritance (1)
- non-Newtonian fluid (1)
- non-academic capacity development (1)
- non-associative learning (1)
- non-canonical amino acids (1)
- non-equilibrium coexistence (1)
- non-equilibrium dynamics (1)
- non-invasive Diagnostics (1)
- non-native (1)
- non-native species (1)
- non-random dispersal (1)
- non-ripening (1)
- non-specific (1)
- non-stoichiometric modifications (1)
- non-target arthropods (1)
- non-target organisms (1)
- non-trophic interactions (1)
- nonadditive (1)
- noncanonical amino acid (1)
- noncoding RNA (1)
- nondemonic intrusions (1)
- nonlinear (1)
- nonlinear averaging (1)
- nonlinear dynamics (1)
- nonlinear response (1)
- nonproteinogenic amino acid (1)
- nonribosomal peptide (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- normal weigh obese (1)
- normal weight obesity (1)
- normalized biomass size spectra (1)
- north-western Europe (1)
- northern Madagascar (1)
- northwestern Pacific (1)
- novel (1)
- novel environment (1)
- nuclear envelop (1)
- nuclear localization signal (1)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- nuclear proteins (1)
- nuclear transport (1)
- nucleation (1)
- nucleosidase (1)
- nucleosome remodelling (1)
- nukleäre Lamina (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- nurse plant (1)
- nutrient analogues (1)
- nutrient availability (1)
- nutrient leaching (1)
- nutrient ratios (1)
- nutrient-stress (1)
- nutritional components (1)
- nutritional status (1)
- nutritional stress (1)
- nutritive value (1)
- nördliche Moore (1)
- ob/ob (1)
- oberirdische Biomasse (1)
- obesity genes (1)
- obligate parasitic fungal pathogens (1)
- observation hive (1)
- occupancy (1)
- occupancy modeling (1)
- occurrence estimates (1)
- odor (1)
- of-function mutations (1)
- oil (1)
- olfaction (1)
- olfactory (1)
- olfactory communication (1)
- olfactory responsiveness (1)
- oligomer (1)
- olive rhizobacteria (1)
- omega-3 (1)
- omics (1)
- on-chip enzymatic assay (1)
- ontogenetic symmetry (1)
- open-top chambers (1)
- opening strength (1)
- operative temperature (1)
- operative thermal environment (1)
- ophenylenediamine (1)
- opportunistic behaviour (1)
- optic atrophy (1)
- optical microscopy (1)
- optical remote sensing (1)
- optimal annual routine model (1)
- optimal trait (1)
- optimization (1)
- optische Biosensoren (1)
- orchids (1)
- ordering of particles on the surface (1)
- ordinary differential equation (1)
- organ (1)
- organ identity (1)
- organ shape (1)
- organelles (1)
- organic carbon (1)
- organic farming (1)
- organic matter mineralization (1)
- organic matter quality (1)
- organic soil amendments (1)
- organischer Dünger (1)
- organischer Kohlenstoff (1)
- organization (1)
- organophosphate (1)
- ornamental plants (1)
- orthogonal system (1)
- orthorhombic form (1)
- osmolytes (1)
- osmoregulation (1)
- osmotic stress (1)
- osteogenesis (1)
- osteology (1)
- outbreeding depression (1)
- outcrossing (1)
- outcrossing rate (1)
- overacidification (1)
- overexpression (1)
- overgrazing (1)
- overlapping reading frames (1)
- oxidative Proteinmodifikationen (1)
- oxidative protein modifications (1)
- oxidoreductase (1)
- oxygen (1)
- oxygen affinity (1)
- oxygen curves (1)
- oxygen evolution (1)
- oxygen radicals (1)
- oxygen reduction reaction (1)
- oxygen scavenger (1)
- oxygen transport (1)
- p-proteins (1)
- p-type ATPase (1)
- pCI (1)
- pH Dependence (1)
- pH regulation (1)
- pH response (1)
- pH responsive hydrogel (1)
- pH-Regulation (1)
- pH-dependent electrochemistry (1)
- pH-drift (1)
- pH-regulation (1)
- pPhytoplankton photoacclimation (1)
- pace of life (1)
- pace-of-life (1)
- paclobutrazol (1)
- pain (1)
- pair bonding (1)
- paired species (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- palaeoenvironment (1)
- palaeogenetics (1)
- palaeogenome (1)
- palaeontology (1)
- palaeovegetation (1)
- paleo-sediment (1)
- paleoenvironments (1)
- paleontology (1)
- paleophysiology (1)
- paleovegetation (1)
- palmitate (1)
- pantropical spotted dolphin (1)
- paper chromatography (1)
- paper-based (1)
- paperbased (1)
- papier-basiert (1)
- papierbasiert (1)
- papillae (1)
- paraffin (1)
- parallele beta-Helix (1)
- parallele rechtsgängige beta-Helix (1)
- paramutation (1)
- parasite (1)
- parasite-mediated (1)
- parasites and diseases (1)
- parasitic fungi (1)
- parasitism (1)
- paratose (1)
- parchment (1)
- parental age (1)
- parental care (1)
- parental education (1)
- parental educational status (1)
- parental effect (1)
- pareto optimality (1)
- parity (1)
- partial correlation (1)
- partial differential equations (1)
- partial protandry (1)
- participatory ecological-economic modelling (1)
- particle-associated (1)
- particle-associated and free-living bacteria (1)
- particle-associated bacteria (1)
- particulate matter (1)
- particulate organic matter (1)
- pastoralism (1)
- patch occupancy (1)
- patch use (1)
- patch use; (1)
- patchiness in (1)
- pathogen (1)
- pathogen bacteria (1)
- pathogen diversity (1)
- pathogen host (1)
- pathogen host interaction (1)
- pathogen persistence (1)
- pathogen proneness (1)
- pathogen response (1)
- pathogen transmission (1)
- pathogene Bakterien (1)
- pathotypes (1)
- pathway mapping (1)
- pathway search (1)
- patrolling optimization (1)
- pattern perception (1)
- pattern-oriented modelling (1)
- patterns (1)
- pavement cell (1)
- pavement cells image analysis (1)
- peatland core microbiome (1)
- peatland development (1)
- pectin (1)
- pectinase (1)
- pelagic and benthic lake habitats (1)
- pelagic environment (1)
- pelagic food chain (1)
- pelagic food web (1)
- pelagische Nahrungskette (1)
- peptide engineering (1)
- peptide imprinting (1)
- peptide mimotopes (1)
- peptide nucleic acid (1)
- peptidyl transferase (1)
- percentage of body fat (1)
- percentage of fat mass (1)
- perceptibility (1)
- perennial (1)
- performance evaluation (1)
- performance landscape (1)
- performance prediction (1)
- perfusion bioreactor (1)
- periglacial process (1)
- periodic flooding (1)
- peripheral anionic site (1)
- periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase (1)
- permafrost degradation (1)
- permafrost deposits (1)
- permafrost ecosystems (1)
- permittivity (1)
- permutation entropy (1)
- peroxidase mimics (1)
- peroxidases (1)
- persistence length (1)
- personalised medicine (1)
- personalisierte Medizin (1)
- perturbation (1)
- perylene quinone derivatives (1)
- pest (1)
- pest control (1)
- pesticide (1)
- petrous bone (1)
- pflanzliche Zellwände (1)
- pflanzliches Immunsystem (1)
- pgm (1)
- phage (1)
- phage HK620 (1)
- phage infection (1)
- phage resistance (1)
- phagemid display (1)
- phages (1)
- pharmaceutical dosage forms (1)
- pharmacodynamics (1)
- pharmakologisches Profil (1)
- phenanthrolindione (1)
- phenol (1)
- phenols (1)
- phenomic prediction (1)
- phenotype (1)
- phenotypic variability (1)
- phenotypic variation (1)
- phloem architecture (1)
- phloem reloading (1)
- phosphatases (1)
- phosphate accumulating organisms (1)
- phosphate limitation (1)
- phosphatidic acid (1)
- phosphoglucan water dikinase (1)
- phospholipid-derived fatty acid (1)
- phospholipids (1)
- phosphoproteomics (1)
- phosphorus limitation (1)
- phosphorylated amino acid (1)
- photo-induced (1)
- photoacid (1)
- photoactive proteins (1)
- photoactive yellow protein (PYP) (1)
- photoautotrophic growth (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- photocurrent (1)
- photoelectrochemical sensor (1)
- photoheterotrophy (1)
- photoinduziert (1)
- photoperiod (1)
- photoreceptor (1)
- photorespiration (1)
- photosensitizer (1)
- photoswitches (1)
- photosynthesis response (1)
- photosystem (1)
- photosystem I (1)
- photosystem II (1)
- phyllotaxis (1)
- phylogenesis (1)
- phylogenetic regression (1)
- phylogenetic relationship (1)
- physical and physiological dormancy (1)
- physical education (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physical modification (1)
- physical time (1)
- physiological mode of action (1)
- phytochrome (1)
- phytol (1)
- phytoplankton and zooplankton (1)
- phytoplankton composition (1)
- phytoplankton ecology (1)
- phytoplankton photoacclimation (1)
- phytoplankton populations (1)
- phänotypische Variation (1)
- picocyanobacteria diversity (1)
- piezophilic bacteria (1)
- pigmentation (1)
- pinniped (1)
- place (1)
- plan (1)
- planar polarity (1)
- planetary simulation (1)
- plankton food web (1)
- plant biology (1)
- plant breeding (1)
- plant carbon metabolism (1)
- plant cell wall biosynthesis (1)
- plant cell walls (1)
- plant cortical microtubules (1)
- plant defense (1)
- plant density (1)
- plant development and life-history traits (1)
- plant immune system (1)
- plant interactions (1)
- plant migration (1)
- plant nurseries (1)
- plant ontogenetic stage (1)
- plant parasite (1)
- plant pathogen (1)
- plant pathology (1)
- plant performance (1)
- plant phenotyping (1)
- plant phylogeny (1)
- plant potassium channel (1)
- plant productivity (1)
- plant protection (1)
- plant regeneration (1)
- plant research (1)
- plant secondary metabolites (1)
- plant specialized metabolism (1)
- plant species diversity (1)
- plant strategies (1)
- plant synthetic biology (1)
- plant yield (1)
- plant-animal interaction (1)
- plant-climate interaction (1)
- plant-fungal interactions (1)
- plant-microbe interaction (1)
- plant-microbe interactions (1)
- plant-pathogen interaction (1)
- plant-plant interaction (1)
- plant-soil feedback (1)
- plant-soil feedbacks (1)
- plant-soil interaction (1)
- plant-water relations (1)
- plasma-membrane (1)
- plasmid (1)
- plastic degradation (1)
- plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (1)
- plastisphere (1)
- plastochromanol-8 (1)
- platinum nanoparticles (1)
- pleiotropy (1)
- pleistocene (1)
- pneumococcal pneumonia (1)
- polar environment (1)
- pollen adhesion (1)
- pollen development (1)
- pollen limitation (1)
- pollen-beetles (1)
- pollen-to-ovule ratio (1)
- pollenkitt (1)
- pollination experiment (1)
- pollination syndrome (1)
- pollinator (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (5557) (remove)
Ecosystems are generally linked via fluxes of nutrients and energy across their boundaries. For example, freshwater ecosystems in temperate regions may receive significant inputs of terrestrially derived carbon via autumnal leaf litter. This terrestrial particulate organic carbon (POC) is hypothesized to subsidize animal production in lakes, but direct evidence is still lacking. We divided two small eutrophic lakes each into two sections and added isotopically distinct maize litter to the treatment sections to simulate increased terrestrial POC inputs via leaf litter in autumn. We quantified the reliance of aquatic consumers on terrestrial resources (allochthony) in the year subsequent to POC additions by applying mixing models of stable isotopes. We also estimated lake-wide carbon (C) balances to calculate the C flow to the production of the major aquatic consumer groups: benthic macroinvertebrates, crustacean zooplankton, and fish. The sum of secondary production of crustaceans and benthic macroinvertebrates supported by terrestrial POC was higher in the treatment sections of both lakes. In contrast, total secondary and tertiary production (supported by both autochthonous and allochthonous C) was higher in the reference than in the treatment sections of both lakes. Average aquatic consumer allochthony per lake section was 27-40%, although terrestrial POC contributed less than about 10% to total organic C supply to the lakes. The production of aquatic consumers incorporated less than 5% of the total organic C supply in both lakes, indicating a low ecological efficiency. We suggest that the consumption of terrestrial POC by aquatic consumers facilitates a strong coupling with the terrestrial environment. However, the high autochthonous production and the large pool of autochthonous detritus in these nutrient-rich lakes make terrestrial POC quantitatively unimportant for the C flows within food webs.
Indoor mesocosm experiments were conducted to test for potential climate change effects on the spring succession of Baltic Sea plankton. Two different temperature (Delta 0 A degrees C and Delta 6 A degrees C) and three light scenarios (62, 57 and 49 % of the natural surface light intensity on sunny days), mimicking increasing cloudiness as predicted for warmer winters in the Baltic Sea region, were simulated. By combining experimental and modeling approaches, we were able to test for a potential dietary mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton. Two general predator-prey models, one representing the community as a tri-trophic food chain and one as a 5-guild food web were applied to test for the consequences of different temperature sensitivities of heterotrophic components of the plankton. During the experiments, we observed reduced time-lags between the peaks of phytoplankton and protozoan biomass in response to warming. Microzooplankton peak biomass was reached by 2.5 day A degrees C-1 earlier and occurred almost synchronously with biomass peaks of phytoplankton in the warm mesocosms (Delta 6 A degrees C). The peak magnitudes of microzooplankton biomass remained unaffected by temperature, and growth rates of microzooplankton were higher at Delta 6 A degrees C (mu(a dagger 0 A degrees C) = 0.12 day(-1) and mu(a dagger 6 A degrees C) = 0.25 day(-1)). Furthermore, warming induced a shift in microzooplankton phenology leading to a faster species turnover and a shorter window of microzooplankton occurrence. Moderate differences in the light levels had no significant effect on the time-lags between autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass and on the timing, biomass maxima and growth rate of microzooplankton biomass. Both models predicted reduced time-lags between the biomass peaks of phytoplankton and its predators (both microzooplankton and copepods) with warming. The reduction of time-lags increased with increasing Q(10) values of copepods and protozoans in the tritrophic food chain. Indirect trophic effects modified this pattern in the 5-guild food web. Our study shows that instead of a mismatch, warming might lead to a stronger match between protist grazers and their prey altering in turn the transfer of matter and energy toward higher trophic levels.
Wachstum und Variabilität im Körperbau unter Berücksichtigung bei industriellen Größensystemen
(2001)
Wachstum und Variabilität im Körperbau und ihre Berücksichtigung bei industriellen Größensystemen
(2001)
Vorwort, Einleitung
(1993)
Vorwort
(2019)
Von Anemone bis Zimbelkraut
(1999)
Vom Seidenbau in Krausnick
(2004)
Human sulfite oxidase (hSO) is a homodimeric two-domain enzyme central in the biological sulfur cycle. A pyranopterin molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is the catalytic site and a heme b(5) group located in the N-terminal domain. The two domains are connected by a flexible linker region. Electrons produced at the Moco in sulfite oxidation, are relayed via heme b(5) to electron acceptors or an electrode surface. Inter-domain conformational changes between an open and a closed enzyme conformation, allowing "gated" electron transfer has been suggested. We first recorded cyclic voltammetry (CV) of hSO on single-crystal Au(111)-electrode surfaces modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) both of a short rigid thiol, cysteamine and of a longer structurally flexible thiol, omega-amino-octanethiol (AOT). hSO on cysteamine SAMs displays a well-defined pair of voltammetric peaks around -0.207 V vs. SCE in the absence of sulfite substrate, but no electrocatalysis. hSO on AOT SAMs displays well-defined electrocatalysis, but only "fair" quality voltammetry in the absence of sulfite. We recorded next in situ scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) of hSO on AOT modified Au(111)-electrodes, disclosing, a 2-5 % surface coverage of strong molecular scale contrasts, assigned to single hSO molecules, notably with no contrast difference in the absence and presence of sulfite. In situ STS corroborated this observation with a sigmoidal tunnelling current/overpotential correlation.
The Kv-like (potassium voltage-dependent) K+ channels at the plasma membrane, including the inward-rectifying KAT1 K+ channel of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), are important targets for manipulating K+ homeostasis in plants. Gating modification, especially, has been identified as a promising means by which to engineer plants with improved characteristics in mineral and water use. Understanding plant K+ channel gating poses several challenges, despite many similarities to that of mammalian Kv and Shaker channel models. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to explore residues that are thought to form two electrostatic countercharge centers on either side of a conserved phenylalanine (Phe) residue within the S2 and S3 alpha-helices of the voltage sensor domain (VSD) of Kv channels. Consistent with molecular dynamic simulations of KAT1, we show that the voltage dependence of the channel gate is highly sensitive to manipulations affecting these residues. Mutations of the central Phe residue favored the closed KAT1 channel, whereas mutations affecting the countercharge centers favored the open channel. Modeling of the macroscopic current kinetics also highlighted a substantial difference between the two sets of mutations. We interpret these findings in the context of the effects on hydration of amino acid residues within the VSD and with an inherent bias of the VSD, when hydrated around a central Phe residue, to the closed state of the channel.
Aim: We aimed to develop the first references for body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) for boys based on the individual developmental tempo with respect to their voice break status. Methods: We re-analysed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study) on body height, body weight and body mass index based on the voice break, or mutation, in 3956 boys aged 10-17 years. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed references centiles for the studied variables in premutational, mutational and postmutational boys. Results: Body height, body weight and BMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the different stages of voice break. On average, boys were 5.9 cm taller, 5.8 kg heavier and had a 0.7 kg/m(2) higher BMI with every higher stage of voice break. Currently used growth references for chronological age in comparison with maturity-related references led to an average of 5.4% of boys being falsely classified as overweight.
VMP1-deficient Chlamydomonas exhibits severely aberrant cell morphology and disrupted cytokinesies
(2014)
Background: The versatile Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) has been previously investigated in six species. It has been shown to be essential in macroautophagy, where it takes part in autophagy initiation. In addition, VMP1 has been implicated in organellar biogenesis; endo-, exo- and phagocytosis, and protein secretion; apoptosis; and cell adhesion. These roles underly its proven involvement in pancreatitis, diabetes and cancer in humans.
Results: In this study we analyzed a VMP1 homologue from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. CrVMP1 knockdown lines showed severe phenotypes, mainly affecting cell division as well as the morphology of cells and organelles. We also provide several pieces of evidence for its involvement in macroautophagy.
Aim: To investigate the relationship of vitamin D-binding protein (GC) and genetic variation of GC (rs4588, rs7041 and rs2282679) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Thai population. Materials & methods: GCglobulin concentrations were measured by quantitative western blot analysis in 401 adults. All participants were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Results: GC-globulin levels were significatly lower in MetS subjects than in control subjects, in which significant negative correlations of GC-globulin levels with systolic blood pressure, glucose and age were found. Male participants who carried the GT genotype for rs4588 showed an increased risk of MetS compared with the GG wild-type (odds ratio: 3.25; p = 0.004). Conclusion: GC-globulin concentrations and variation in GC rs4588 were supported as a risk factor for MetS in Thais.
This study was conducted in order to examine the differences between visualizers and verbalizers in the way they gaze at pictures and texts while learning. Using a collection of questionnaires, college students were classified according to their visual or verbal cognitive style and were asked to learn about two different, in terms of subject and type of knowledge, topics by means of text-picture combinations. Eye-tracking was used to investigate their gaze behavior. The results show that visualizers spent significantly more time inspecting pictures than verbalizers, while verbalizers spent more time inspecting texts. Results also suggest that both visualizers' and verbalizers' way of learning is active but mostly within areas providing the source of information in line with their cognitive style (pictures or text). Verbalizers tended to enter non-informative, irrelevant areas of pictures sooner than visualizers. The comparison of learning outcomes showed that the group of visualizers achieved better results than the group of verbalizers on a comprehension test.
The central rift of the Red Sea has 25 brine pools with different physical and geochemical characteristics. Atlantis II (ATIID), Discovery Deeps (DD) and Chain Deep (CD) are characterized by high salinity, temperature and metal content. Several studies reported microbial communities in these brine pools, but few studies addressed the brine pool sediments. Therefore, sediment cores were collected from ATIID, DD, CD brine pools and an adjacent brine-influenced site. Sixteen different lithologic sediment sections were subjected to shotgun DNA pyrosequencing to generate 1.47 billion base pairs (1.47 x 10(9) bp). We generated sediment-specific reads and attempted to annotate all reads. We report the phylogenetic and biochemical uniqueness of the deepest ATIID sulfur-rich brine pool sediments. In contrary to all other sediment sections, bacteria dominate the deepest ATIID sulfur-rich brine pool sediments. This decrease in virus-to-bacteria ratio in selected sections and depth coincided with an overrepresentation of mobile genetic elements. Skewing in the composition of viruses-to-mobile genetic elements may uniquely contribute to the distinct microbial consortium in sediments in proximity to hydrothermally active vents of the Red Sea and possibly in their surroundings, through differential horizontal gene transfer.
Background: Members of the same social group tent to have the same body height. Migrants tend to adjust in height to their host communities.
Objectives: Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors influence growth. We hypothesized that Vietnamese young adult migrants in Germany (1) are taller than their parents, (2) are as tall as their German peers, and (3) are as tall as predicted by height expectation at age 13 years.
Sample: The study was conducted in 30 male and 54 female Vietnamese migrants (mean age 26.23 years. SD=4.96) in Germany in 2020.
Methods: Information on age, sex, body height, school and education, job, height and ethnicity of best friend, migration history and cultural identification, parental height and education, and recalled information on their personal height expectations at age 13 years were obtained by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA) and multiple regression.
Results: Vietnamese young adults are taller than their parents (females 3.85cm, males 7.44cm), but do not fully attain height of their German peers. The body height is positively associated with the height of best friend (p < 0.001), the height expectation at age 13 year (p < 0.001), and father’s height (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Body height of Vietnamese migrants in Germany reflects competitive growth and strategic growth adjustments. The magnitude of this intergenerational trend supports the concept that human growth depends on SEPE factors.
Vielfalt in der Uckermark
(2019)
The pyranopterin dithiolene (PDT) ligand is an integral component of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) found in all molybdoenzymes with the sole exception of nitrogenase. However, the roles of the PDT in catalysis are still unknown. The PDT is believed to be bound to the proteins by an extensive hydrogen bonding network, and it has been suggested that these interactions may function to fine-tune Moco for electron- and atom-transfer reactivity in catalysis. Here, we use resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy to probe Moco-protein interactions using heavy-atom congeners of lumazine, molecules that bind tightly to both wild-type xanthine dehydrogenase (wt-XDH) and its Q102G and Q197A variants following enzymatic hydroxylation to the corresponding violapterin product molecules. The resulting enzyme-product complexes possess intense near-IR absorption, allowing high-quality rR spectra to be collected on wt-XDH and the Q102G and Q197A variants. Small negative frequency shifts relative to wt-XDH are observed for the low-frequency Moco vibrations. These results are interpreted in the context of weak hydrogen-bonding and/or electrostatic interactions between Q102 and the -NH2 terminus of the PDT, and between Q197 and the terminal oxo of the Mo equivalent to O group. The Q102A, Q102G, Q197A, and Q197E variants do not appreciably affect the kinetic parameters k(red) and k(red)/K-D, indicating that a primary role for these glutamine residues is to stabilize and coordinate Moco in the active site of XO family enzymes but to not directly affect the catalytic throughput. Raman frequency shifts between wt-XDH and its Q102G variant suggest that the changes in the electron density at the Mo ion that accompany Mo oxidation during electron-transfer regeneration of the catalytically competent active site are manifest in distortions at the distant PDT amino terminus. This implies a primary role for the PDT as a conduit for facilitating enzymatic electron-transfer reactivity in xanthine oxidase family enzymes.
Waldökosysteme unterliegen vielfältigen Einflüssen wie forstlicher Bewirtschaftung, Stickstoffdeposition, Veränderung des Grundwasserspiegels oder der Einwanderung invasiver Arten. Die Wiederholung historischer Vegetationsaufnahmen ist ein wichtiges Mittel, um Veränderungen der Pflanzengesellschaften zu dokumentieren und mögliche Hauptursachen (Treiber) zu bestimmen. Wir haben 2015 den Vegetationswandel auf 140 semi-permanenten Plots in Wirtschaftswäldern der Elbtalniederung im Nordostdeutschen Tiefland (Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg) untersucht. Die Erstaufnahme erfolgte von 1956 bis 1963. Die Vegetationsaufnahmen decken ein fast einzigartig breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Waldstandorte ab, das von Feuchtwäldern (Au-, Bruch- und Moorwäldern des Alnion incanae, Alnion glutinosae und Betulion pubescentis) über bodensaure Eichen-Mischwälder (Quercion roboris) bis hin zu bodensauren, meist trockenen Kiefernwäldern mit unterschiedlicher Nährstoffausstattung (Dicrano-Pinion) reicht.
Die Veränderungen der Vegetation haben wir mit Hilfe von Bestandesdaten, Gewinner- und Verliererarten, der α- und β -Diversität sowie der Ellenberg-Zeigerwerte für Stickstoff, Reaktion, Feuchte und Licht analysiert. Dabei wurden, anders als in den meisten bisherigen Wiederholungsuntersuchungen, auch Flächen berücksichtigt, auf denen bis zur Zweitaufnahme ein vollständiger Bestandeswechsel stattgefunden hatte.
Insbesondere in den Feuchtwäldern und den bodensauren Wäldern mit mäßig guter Nährstoffversorgung sind Wechsel der Hauptbaumarten zu verzeichnen; außerdem wurden viele Kiefernbestände zwischenzeitlich neu begründet. Die Artenzahl hat insgesamt und in fast allen Waldtypen abgenommen, die β-Diversität ist jedoch unverändert geblieben bzw. hat sich erhöht. Die Zeigerwerte deuten auf eine Abnahme der Bodenfeuchte in den Au-, Bruch-, und Moorwäldern hin, während insbesondere die bodensauren Kiefernwälder dunkler, nährstoffreicher und feuchter geworden sind. Die Anzahl der Verlierer-Arten ist mehr als doppelt so hoch wie die der Gewinner-Arten, jedoch mit unterschiedlicher Entwicklung in den einzelnen Waldtypen. Insbesondere die nassen und feuchten Wälder, die bodensauren Eichen-Mischwälder und die Flechten-Kiefernwälder haben die meisten ihrer charakteristischen Arten verloren.
Veränderungen der Vegetation in den Feuchtwäldern gehen v. a. auf lokal gesunkene Grundwasserspiegel und eine dadurch gestiegene Nährstoffverfügbarkeit zurück; die Artenzusammensetzung der Auwälder wurde zudem sehr stark durch forstliche Eingriffe beeinflusst. Ursachen für den Trend zu feuchteren und nährstoffreicheren Bedingungen in ehemals trockenen bodensauren Kiefern- und Eichenwäldern sind Stickstoffeinträge sowie eine Sukzession nach Aufgabe historischer Waldnutzungs-formen (Streunutzung, Waldweide). Obwohl sich die einzelnen Waldtypen unterschiedlich entwickelt haben, sind Eutrophierung, sinkende Grundwasserspiegel und Waldbaumaßnahmen insgesamt die wichtigsten Ursachen für die beobachteten Vegetationsveränderungen. Forstliche Eingriffe wie Kahlschlag und Bestandesumbau mit Baumartenwechsel sind zugleich die Hauptursache dafür, dass es trotz Nivellierung des Standortsgradienten, gemessen an der β-Diversität, nicht zu einer Homogenisierung der Vegetation gekommen ist.
Herbivore populations are commonly restricted by resource limitation, by predation or a combination of the two. Food supplement experiments are suitable for investigating the extent of food limitation at any given time. The main part of this study was performed in an extremely acidic lake (pH 2.7) where the food web consists of only a few components and potential food sources for herbivores are restricted to two flagellates. Life table experiments proved that Chlamydomonas was a suitable food source whereas Ochromonas was an unsuitable food source. The two flagellates and the two rotifers exhibit a pronounced vertical distribution pattern. In this study, a series of food supplement experiments were performed in order to: (1) quantify and compare potential resource limitation of two primary consumers (Cephalodella hoodi and Elosa worallii, Rotatoria) over time, (2) compare their response at different temperatures, (3) evaluate the effect of having an unsuitable food source alongside a valuable one, (4) estimate the effect of predation on rotifers by Heliozoa, and (5) compare the results with those from other acidic lakes. Additionally, the spatio- temporal population dynamics of both species were observed. The field data confirmed a vertical separation of the two species with E. worallii dominating in the upper water layers, and C. hoodi in the deeper, cooler water layers. The results from the food supplement experiments in which Chlamydomonas served as the supplemented suitable food source showed that the two rotifers were food limited in the epilimnion throughout the season to different extents, with Cephalodella being more severely food limited than Elosa. The experiments at different temperatures provided evidence that Elosa had a higher optimum temperature for growth than Cephalodella. When the unsuitable food algae Ochromonas was added alongside the suitable food source Chlamydomonas, C. hoodi was unaffected but E. worallii was negatively affected. Predation of Heliozoa on rotifers was observed but the total effect on the rotifer dynamics is probably low. The comparison with other lakes showed that resource limitation also occurred in one other lake, although to a lesser extent. Overall, the vertical separation of the two rotifers could be explained by both their differential extent of resource limitation and differential response to temperature.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gelang es, katalytische Antikörper zur Hydrolyse von Benzylphenylcarbamaten sowie zahlreiche monoklonale Antikörper gegen Haptene herzustellen. Es wurden verschiedene Hapten-Protein-Konjugate unter Verwendung unterschiedlicher Kopplungsmethoden hergestellt und charakterisiert. Zur Generierung der hydrolytisch aktiven Antikörper wurden Inzuchtmäuse mit KLH-Konjugaten von 4 Übergangszustandsanaloga (ÜZA) immunisiert. Mit Hilfe der Hybridomtechnik wurden verschiedene monoklonale Antikörper gegen diese ÜZA gewonnen. Dabei wurden sowohl verschiedene Immunisierungsschemata als auch verschiedene Inzuchtmausstämme und Fusionstechniken verwendet. Insgesamt wurden 32 monoklonale Antikörper gegen die verwendeten ÜZA selektiert. Diese Antikörper wurden in großen Mengen hergestellt und gereinigt. Zum Nachweis der Antikörper-vermittelten Katalyse wurden verschiedene Methoden entwickelt und eingesetzt, darunter immunologische Nachweismethoden mit Anti-Substrat- und Anti-Produkt-Antikörpern und eine photometrische Methode mit Dimethylaminozimtaldehyd. Der Nachweis der hydrolytischen Aktivität gelang mit Hilfe eines Enzymsensors, basierend auf immobilisierter Tyrosinase. Die Antikörper N1-BC1-D11, N1-FA7-C4, N1-FA7-D12 und R3-LG2-F9 hydrolysierten die Benzylphenylcarbamate POCc18, POCc19 und Substanz 27. Der Nachweis der hydrolytischen Aktivität dieser Antikörper gelang auch mit Hilfe der HPLC. Der katalytische Antikörper N1-BC1-D11 wurde kinetisch und thermodynamisch untersucht. Es wurde eine Michaelis-Menten-Kinetik mit Km von 210 µM, vmax von 3 mM/min und kcat von 222 min-1 beobachtet. Diese Werte korrelieren mit den Werten der wenigen bekannten Diphenylcarbamat-spaltenden Abzyme. Die Beschleunigungsrate des Antikörpers N1-BC1-D11 betrug 10. Das ÜZA Hei3 hemmte die hydrolytische Aktivität. Dies beweist, dass die Hydrolyse in der Antigenbindungsstelle stattfindet. Weiter wurde zwischen der Antikörperkonzentration und der Umsatzgeschwindigkeit eine lineare Abhängigkeit festgestellt. Die thermodynamische Gleichtgewichtsdissoziationskonstante KD des Abzyms von 2,6 nM zeugt von einer sehr guten Affinität zum ÜZA. Hydrolytisch aktiv waren nur Antikörper, die gegen das Übergangszustandsanalogon Hei3 hergestellt worden waren. Es wird vermutet, dass die Hydrolyse der Benzylphenylcarbamate über einen Additions-Eliminierungsmechanismus unter Ausbildung eines tetraedrischen Übergangszustandes verläuft, dessen analoge Verbindung Hei3 ist. Im Rahmen der Generierung von Nachweisantikörpern zur Detektion der Substratabnahme bei der Hydrolyse wurden Anti-Diuron-Antikörper hergestellt. Einer der Antikörper (B91-CG5) ist spezifisch für das Herbizid Diuron und hat einen IC50-Wert von 0,19 µg/l und eine untere Nachweisgrenze von 0,04 µg/l. Ein anderer Antikörper (B91-KF5) reagiert kreuz mit einer Palette ähnlicher Herbizide. Mit diesen Antikörpern wurde ein empfindlicher Labortest, der ein Monitoring von Diuron auf Grundlage des durch die Trinkwasserverordnung festgeschriebenen Wertes für Pflanzenschutzmittel von 0,1 µg/l erlaubt, aufgebaut. Der Effekt der Anti-Diuron-Antikörper auf die Diuron-inhibierte Photosynthese wurde in vitro und in vivo untersucht. Es wurde nachgewiesen, dass sowohl in isolierten Thylakoiden, als auch in intakten Algen eine Vorinkubation der Anti-Diuron-Antikörper mit Diuron zur Inaktivierung seiner Photosynthese-hemmenden Wirkung führt. Wurde der Elektronentransport in den isolierten Thylakoiden oder in Algen durch Diuron unterbrochen, so führte die Zugabe der Anti-Diuron-Antikörper zur Reaktivierung der Elektronenübertragung.
Microarray transcript profiling and RNA interference are two new technologies crucial for large-scale gene function studies in multicellular eukaryotes. Both rely on sequence-specific hybridization between complementary nucleic acid strands, inciting us to create a collection of gene-specific sequence tags (GSTs) representing at least 21,500 Arabidopsis genes and which are compatible with both approaches. The GSTs were carefully selected to ensure that each of them shared no significant similarity with any other region in the Arabidopsis genome. They were synthesized by PCR amplification from genomic DNA. Spotted microarrays fabricated from the GSTs show good dynamic range, specificity, and sensitivity in transcript profiling experiments. The GSTs have also been transferred to bacterial plasmid vectors via recombinational cloning protocols. These cloned GSTs constitute the ideal starting point for a variety of functional approaches, including reverse genetics. We have subcloned GSTs on a large scale into vectors designed for gene silencing in plant cells. We show that in planta expression of GST hairpin RNA results in the expected phenotypes in silenced Arabidopsis lines. These versatile GST resources provide novel and powerful tools for functional genomics
Escherichia (E.) coli ist als kommensales Bakterium ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Mikrobioms von Säugern, jedoch zudem der häufigste Infektionserreger des Menschen. Entsprechend des Infektionsortes werden intestinal (InPEC) und extraintestinal pathogene E. coli (ExPEC) unterschieden. Die Pathogenese von E. coli-Infektionen ist durch Virulenzfaktoren determiniert, welche von jeweils spezifischen virulenzassoziierten Genen (inVAGs und exVAGs) kodiert werden. Häufig werden exVAGs auch in E. coli-Isolaten aus dem Darm gesunder Wirte nachgewiesen. Dies führte zu der Vermutung, dass exVAGs die intestinale Kolonisierung des Wirtes durch E. coli unterstützen. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, das Wissen über den Einfluss von exVAGs auf die Besiedlung und damit die Adhäsion von E. coli an Epithelzellen des Darmtraktes zu erweitern. Die Durchführung einer solch umfassenden E. coli-Populationsstudie erforderte die Etablierung neuer Screeningmethoden. Für die genotypische Charakterisierung wurden mikropartikelbasierte Multiplex-PCR-Assays zum Nachweis von 44 VAGs und der Phylogenie etabliert. Für die phänotypische Charakterisierung wurden Adhäsions- und Zytotoxizitätsassays etabliert. Die Screeningmethoden basieren auf der VideoScan-Technologie, einem automatisierten bildbasierten Multifluoreszenzdetektionssystem. Es wurden 398 E. coli-Isolate aus 13 Wildsäugerarten und 5 Wildvogelarten sowie aus gesunden und harnwegserkrankten Menschen und Hausschweinen charakterisiert. Die Adhäsionsassays hatten zum Ziel, sowohl die Adhäsionsraten als auch die Adhäsionsmuster der 317 nicht hämolytischen Isolate auf 5 Epithelzelllinien zu bestimmen. Die Zytotoxizität der 81 hämolytischen Isolate wurde in Abhängigkeit der Inkubationszeit auf 4 Epithelzelllinien geprüft. In den E. coli-Isolaten wurde eine Reihe von VAGs nachgewiesen. Potentielle InPEC, insbesondere shigatoxinproduzierende und enteropathogene E. coli wurden aus Menschen, Hausschweinen und Wildtieren, vor allem aus Rehen und Feldhasen isoliert. exVAGs wurden mit stark variierender Prävalenz in Isolaten aus allen Arten detektiert. Die größte Anzahl und das breiteste Spektrum an exVAGs wurde in Isolaten aus Urin harnwegserkrankter Menschen, gefolgt von Isolaten aus Dachsen und Rehen nachgewiesen. In Isolaten der phylogenetischen Gruppe B2 wurden mehr exVAGs detektiert als in den Isolaten der phylogenetischen Gruppen A, B1 und D. Die Ergebnisse der Adhäsionsassays zeigten, dass die meisten Isolate zelllinien-, gewebe- oder wirtsspezifisch adhärierten. Ein Drittel der Isolate adhärierte an keiner Zelllinie und nur zwei Isolate adhärierten stark an allen Zelllinien. Grundsätzlich adhärierten mehr Isolate an humanen sowie an intestinalen Zelllinien. Besonders Isolate aus Eichhörnchen und Amseln sowie aus Urin harnwegserkrankter Menschen und Hausschweine waren in der Lage, stark zu adhärieren. Hierbei bildeten die Isolate als Adhäsionsmuster diffuse Adhäsion, Mikrokolonien, Ketten und Agglomerationen. Mittels statistischer Analysen wurden Assoziationen zwischen exVAGs und einer hohen Adhäsionsrate ersichtlich. So war beispielsweise das Vorkommen von afa/dra mit einer höheren Adhäsionsrate auf Caco-2- und 5637-Zellen und von sfa/foc auf IPEC-J2-Zellen assoziiert. Die Ergebnisse der Zytotoxizitätsassays zeigten eine sehr starke und zeitabhängige Zerstörung der Monolayer aller Epithelzelllinien durch die α-Hämolysin-positiven Isolate. Auffallend war die hohe Toxizität hämolytischer Isolate aus Wildtieren gegenüber den humanen Zelllinien. Mit den innerhalb dieser Arbeit entwickelten Screeningmethoden war es möglich, große Mengen an Bakterien zu charakterisieren. Es konnte ein Überblick über die Verbreitung von VAGs in E. coli aus unterschiedlichen Wirten gewonnen werden. Besonders Wildtiere wurden sowohl durch den Nachweis von VAGs in den entsprechenden Isolaten, verbunden mit deren Adhäsionsfähigkeit und ausgeprägter Zytotoxizität als Reservoire pathogener E. coli identifiziert. Ebenso wurde eine zelllinienspezifische Adhäsion von Isolaten mit bestimmten exVAGs deutlich. Damit konnte der mögliche Einfluss von exVAGs auf die intestinale Kolonisierung bestätigt werden. In weiterführenden Arbeiten sind jedoch Expressions- und Funktionsanalysen der entsprechenden Proteine unerlässlich. Es wird anhand der Mikrokoloniebildung durch kommensale E. coli vermutet, dass Adhäsionsmuster und demzufolge Kolonisierungsstrategien, die bisher pathogenen E. coli zugeschrieben wurden, eher als generelle Kolonisierungsstrategien zu betrachten sind. Das E. coli-α-Hämolysin wirkt im Allgemeinen zytotoxisch auf Epithelzellen. Ein in der Fachliteratur diskutierter adhäsionsunterstützender Mechanismus dieses Toxins ist demnach fragwürdig. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die entwickelten Screeningmethoden umfassende Analysen einer großen Anzahl an E. coli-Isolaten ermöglichen.
Vergleich von rekombinanten Vaccinia- und DNA-Vektoren zur Tumorimmuntherapie im C57BL/6-Mausmodell
(2002)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Tumorimpfstoffe auf der Basis des Plasmid-Vektors pCI, modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) und MVA-infizierten dendritischen Zellen entwickelt und durch Sequenzierung, Western blotting und durchflußzytometrische Analyse überprüft. Die in vivo Wirksamkeit der Vakzinen wurde in verschiedenen Tumormodellen in C57BL/6 Mäusen verglichen. Die auf dem eukaryotischen Expressionsvektor pCI basierende DNA-Vakzinierung induzierte einen sehr wirksamen, antigenspezifischen und langfristigen Schutz vor Muzin, CEA oder beta-Galactosidase exprimierenden Tumoren. Eine MVA-Vakzinierung bietet in den in dieser Arbeit durchgeführten Tumormodellen keinen signifikanten Schutz vor Muzin oder beta-Galactosidase exprimierenden Tumoren. Sowohl humane, als auch murine in vitro generierte dendritische Zellen lassen sich mit MVA – im Vergleich zu anderen viralen Vektoren – sehr gut infizieren. Die Expressionsrate der eingefügten Gene ist aber gering im Vergleich zur Expression in permissiven Wirtszellen des Virus (embryonale Hühnerfibroblasten). Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß eine MVA-Infektion dendritischer Zellen ähnliche Auswirkungen auf den Reifezustand humaner und muriner dendritischer Zellen hat, wie eine Infektion mit replikationskompetenten Vakzinia-Stämmen, und außerdem die Hochregulation von CD40 während der terminalen Reifung von murinen dendritischen Zellen inhibiert wird. Die während der langfristigen in vitro Kultur auf CEF-Zellen entstandenen Deletionen im MVA Genom führten zu einer starken Attenuierung und dem Verlust einiger Gene, die immunmodulatorische Proteine kodieren, jedoch nicht zu einer Verminderung des zytopathischen Effekts in dendritischen Zellen. Die geringe Expressionsrate und die beobachtete Inhibition der Expression kostimulatorischer Moleküle auf dendritischen Zellen kann für eine wenig effektive Induktion einer Immunantwort in MVA vakzinierten Tieren durch cross priming oder die direkte Infektion antigenpräsentierender Zellen verantwortlich sein. Durch die Modifikation einer Methode zur intrazellulären IFN-gamma Färbung konnten in vakzinierten Mäusen tumorantigenspezifische CTL sensitiv und quantitativ detektiert werden. Die so bestimmte CTL-Frequenz, nicht jedoch die humorale Antwort, korrelierte mit der in vivo Wirksamkeit der verschiedenen Vakzinen: DNA vakzinierte Tiere entwickeln starke tumorantigenspezifische CTL-Antworten, wohingegen in MVA-vakzinierten Tieren überwiegend gegen virale Epitope gerichtete CD4 und CD8-T-Zellen detektiert wurden. Die Wirksamkeit der pCI-DNA-Vakzine spricht für die Weiterentwicklung in weiteren präklinischen Mausmodellen, beispielsweise unter Verwendung von MUC1 oder HLA-A2 transgenen Mäusen. Die Methoden zur Detektion Tumorantigen-spezifischer CTL in 96-Loch-Mikrotiterplatten können dabei zur systematischen Suche nach im Menschen immundominanten T-Zell-Epitopen im Muzin-Molekül genutzt werden. Der durchgeführte Vergleich der auf den Vektoren pCI und MVA basierenden Vakzinen und die Analyse neuerer Publikationen führen zu dem Ergebnis, daß vor allem DNA-Vakzinen in Zukunft eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entwicklung von aktiven Tumorimpfstoffen spielen werden. Rekombinante MVA-Viren, eventuell in Kombination mit DNA- oder anderen Vektoren, haben sich dagegen in zahlreichen Studien als wirksame Impfstoffe zur Kontrolle von durch Pathogene hervorgerufenen Infektionserkrankungen erwiesen.
Vergleich ausgewählter Bewegungsabläufe beim Menschen in Abhängigkeit vom Alter und Körperbau
(2001)
Ventilator-induced lung injury is aggravated by antibiotic mediated microbiota depletion in mice
(2018)
BackgroundAntibiotic exposure alters the microbiota, which can impact the inflammatory immune responses. Critically ill patients frequently receive antibiotic treatment and are often subjected to mechanical ventilation, which may induce local and systemic inflammatory responses and development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether disruption of the microbiota by antibiotic therapy prior to mechanical ventilation affects pulmonary inflammatory responses and thereby the development of VILI.MethodsMice underwent 6-8weeks of enteral antibiotic combination treatment until absence of cultivable bacteria in fecal samples was confirmed. Control mice were housed equally throughout this period. VILI was induced 3 days after completing the antibiotic treatment protocol, by high tidal volume (HTV) ventilation (34ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure=2 cmH(2)O) for 4h. Differences in lung function, oxygenation index, pulmonary vascular leakage, macroscopic assessment of lung injury, and leukocyte and lymphocyte differentiation were assessed. Control groups of mice ventilated with low tidal volume and non-ventilated mice were analyzed accordingly.ResultsAntibiotic-induced microbiota depletion prior to HTV ventilation led to aggravation of VILI, as shown by increased pulmonary permeability, increased oxygenation index, decreased pulmonary compliance, enhanced macroscopic lung injury, and increased cytokine/chemokine levels in lung homogenates.ConclusionsDepletion of the microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to HTV ventilation renders mice more susceptible to developing VILI, which could be clinically relevant for critically ill patients frequently receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Vegetation und Standort bodensaurer Buchenwälder am Arealrand : am Beispiel Mittelbrandenburgs
(2008)
Different from NW Germany, the northern part of NE Germany and the "Hohe Flaeming" region, central Brandenburg is considered as being largely devoid of natural beech forests because of its subcontinental, dry climate. In the present study the vegetation ecology of beech forests of the region is comprehensively documented for the first time, and they are compared with NW German stands in Lower Saxony. In the study area beech forests are concentrated in the Berlin-Potsdam region along the Havel river lakes which is characterised by relatively high precipitation and a specific land use history. All belong to the Luzulo-Fagetum growing on acid soils. Four subtypes are distinguished according to nutrient availability and soil moisture. The central Brandenburg Luzulo-Fagetum does not markedly deviate from other beech forests in the northern German lowlands with respect to vegetation structure and edaphic subtypes. However, numerous indicator species for humid or moist conditions are less frequent than under atlantic climate conditions in the lowlands of Lower Saxony, a pattern occurring also in other forest communities. On the other hand, nitrogen and disturbance indicators are more frequent in central Brandenburg. As expected, podzolisation of the soils and humus accumulation is lower in beech forests under subcontinental climate, but surprisingly the soils are more sandy and thus drier. However, beech forests are lacking on south-exposed slopes, and they are notably occurring in northern exposition. A combined analysis of distribution patterns and climatic data, postglacial vegetation history and forest use history, and actual rejuvenation dynamics reveals that the present-day beech forests in central Brandenburg have to be considered as near-natural relics, which are currently spreading. The range of potentially natural beech forests is larger than assumed until now, but further on it is not clearly to define.
Shrub encroachment has far-reaching ecological and economic consequences in many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, compositional changes associated with shrub encroachment are often overlooked despite having important effects on ecosystem functioning. We document the compositional change and potential drivers for a northern Namibian Combretum woodland transitioning into a Terminalia shrubland. We use a multiproxy record (pollen, sedimentary ancient DNA, biomarkers, compound-specific carbon (delta C-13) and deuterium (delta D) isotopes, bulk carbon isotopes (delta(13)Corg), grain size, geochemical properties) from Lake Otjikoto at high taxonomical and temporal resolution. We provide evidence that state changes in semiarid environments may occur on a scale of one century and that transitions between stable states can span around 80 years and are characterized by a unique vegetation composition. We demonstrate that the current grass/woody ratio is exceptional for the last 170 years, as supported by n-alkane distributions and the delta C-13 and delta(13)Corg records. Comparing vegetation records to environmental proxy data and census data, we infer a complex network of global and local drivers of vegetation change. While our delta D record suggests physiological adaptations of woody species to higher atmospheric pCO(2) concentration and drought, our vegetation records reflect the impact of broad-scale logging for the mining industry, and the macrocharcoal record suggests a decrease in fire activity associated with the intensification of farming. Impact of selective grazing is reflected by changes in abundance and taxonomical composition of grasses and by an increase of nonpalatable and trampling-resistant taxa. In addition, grain-size and spore records suggest changes in the erodibility of soils because of reduced grass cover. Synthesis. We conclude that transitions to an encroached savanna state are supported by gradual environmental changes induced by management strategies, which affected the resilience of savanna ecosystems. In addition, feedback mechanisms that reflect the interplay between management legacies and climate change maintain the encroached state.
Ecological niche models (ENMs) are often used to investigate how climatic variables from known occurrence records can estimate potential species range distribution. Although climate-based ENMs provide critical baseline information, the inclusion of non-climatic predictors related to vegetation cover might generate more realistic scenarios. This assumption is particularly relevant for species with life-history traits related to forest habitats and sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we developed ENMs for 36 Atlantic Forest endemic birds considering two sets of predictor variables: (i) climatic variables only and (ii) climatic variables combined with the percentage of remaining native vegetation. We hypothesized that the inclusion of native vegetation data would decrease the potential range distribution of forest-dependent species by limiting their occurrence in regions harboring small areas of native vegetation habitats, despite otherwise favorable climatic conditions. We also expected that habitat restriction in the climate-vegetation models would be more pronounced for highly forest-dependent birds. The inclusion of vegetation data in the modeling procedures restricted the final distribution ranges of 22 out of 36 modeled species, while the 14 remaining presented an expansion of their ranges. We observed that species with high and medium forest dependency showed higher restriction in range size predictions between predictor sets than species with low forest dependency, which showed no alteration or range expansion. Overall, our results suggest that ENMs based on climatic and landscape variables may be a useful tool for conservationists to better understand the dynamic of bird species distributions in threatened and highly fragmented regions such as the Atlantic Forest hotspot.(c) 2021 Associacao Brasileira de Cie circumflex accent ncia Ecol ogica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).
Relationships between climate, species composition, and species richness are of particular importance for understanding how boreal ecosystems will respond to ongoing climate change. This study aims to reconstruct changes in terrestrial vegetation composition and taxa richness during the glacial Late Pleistocene and the interglacial Holocene in the sparsely studied southeastern Yakutia (Siberia) by using pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) records. Pollen and sedaDNA metabarcoding data using the trnL g and h markers were obtained from a sediment core from Lake Bolshoe Toko. Both proxies were used to reconstruct the vegetation composition, while metabarcoding data were also used to investigate changes in plant taxa richness. The combination of pollen and sedaDNA approaches allows a robust estimation of regional and local past terrestrial vegetation composition around Bolshoe Toko during the last similar to 35,000 years. Both proxies suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, southeastern Siberia was covered by open steppe-tundra dominated by graminoids and forbs with patches of shrubs, confirming that steppe-tundra extended far south in Siberia. Both proxies show disturbance at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene suggesting a period with scarce vegetation, changes in the hydrochemical conditions in the lake, and in sedimentation rates. Both proxies document drastic changes in vegetation composition in the early Holocene with an increased number of trees and shrubs and the appearance of new tree taxa in the lake's vicinity. The sedaDNA method suggests that the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra vegetation supported a higher number of terrestrial plant taxa than the forested Holocene. This could be explained, for example, by the "keystone herbivore" hypothesis, which suggests that Late Pleistocene megaherbivores were able to maintain a high plant diversity. This is discussed in the light of the data with the broadly accepted species-area hypothesis as steppe-tundra covered such an extensive area during the Late Pleistocene.
The nature of the interaction between prehistoric humans and their environment, especially the vegetation, has long been of interest. The Qinghai Lake Basin in North China is well-suited to exploring the interactions between prehistoric humans and vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau, because of the comparatively dense distribution of archaeological sites and the ecologically fragile environment. Previous pollen studies of Qinghai Lake have enabled a detailed reconstruction of the regional vegetation, but they have provided relatively little information on vegetation change within the Qinghai Lake watershed. To address the issue we conducted a pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for an archaeological site (YWY), located on the southern shore of Qinghai Lake. We used high temporal-resolution pollen records from the YWY site and from Qinghai Lake, spanning the interval since the last deglaciation (15.3 kyr BP to the present) to quantitatively reconstruct changes in the local and regional vegetation using Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm models. The results show that, since the late glacial, spruce forest grew at high altitudes in the surrounding mountains, while the lakeshore environment was occupied mainly by shrub-steppe. From the lateglacial to the middle Holocene, coniferous woodland began to expand downslope and reached the YWY site at 7.1 kyr BP. The living environment of the local small groups of Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic humans (during 15.3-13.1 kyr BP and 9-6.4 kyr BP) changed from shrub-steppe to coniferous forest-steppe. The pollen record shows no evidence of pronounced changes in the vegetation community corresponding to human activity. However, based on a comparison of the local and regional vegetation reconstructions, low values of biodiversity and a significant increase in two indicators of vegetation degradation, Chenopodiaceae and Rosaceae, suggest that prehistoric hunters-gatherers likely disturbed the local vegetation during 9.0-6.4 kyr BP. Our findings are a preliminary attempt to study human-environment interactions at Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic sites in the region, and they contribute to ongoing environmental archaeology research in the Tibetan Plateau.
QuestionDoes eutrophication drive vegetation change in pine forests on nutrient deficient sites and thus lead to the homogenization of understorey species composition?
LocationForest area (1600ha) in the Lower Spreewald, Brandenburg, Germany.
MethodsResurvey of 77 semi-permanent plots after 45yr, including vascular plants, bryophytes and ground lichens. We applied multidimensional ordination of species composition, dissimilarity indices, mean Ellenberg indicator values and the concept of winner/loser species to identify vegetation change between years. Differential responses along a gradient of nutrient availability were analysed on the basis of initial vegetation type, reflecting topsoil N availability of plots.
ResultsSpecies composition changed strongly and overall shifted towards higher N and slightly lower light availability. Differences in vegetation change were related to initial vegetation type, with strongest compositional changes in the oligotrophic forest type, but strongest increase of nitrophilous species in the mesotrophic forest type. Despite an overall increase in species number, species composition was homogenized between study years due to the loss of species (mainly ground lichens) on the most oligotrophic sites.
ConclusionsThe response to N enrichment is confounded by canopy closure on the N-richest sites and probably by water limitation on N-poorest sites. The relative importance of atmospheric N deposition in the eutrophication effect is difficult to disentangle from natural humus accumulation after historical litter raking. However, the profound differences in species composition between study years across all forest types suggest that atmospheric N deposition contributes to the eutrophication, which drives understorey vegetation change and biotic homogenization in Central European Scots pine forests on nutrient deficient sites.
Effective recognition of enzymatically active tetrameric acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is accomplished by a hybrid nanofilm composed of a propidium-terminated self-assembled monolayer (Prop-SAM) which binds AChE via its peripheral anionic site (PAS) and an ultrathin electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) cover layer of a novel carboxylate-modified derivative of 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene. The rebinding of the AChE to the MIP/Prop-SAM nanofilm covered electrode is detected by measuring in situ the enzymatic activity. The oxidative current of the released thiocholine is dependent on the AChE concentration from approximate to 0.04 x 10(-6) to 0.4 x 10(-6)m. An imprinting factor of 9.9 is obtained for the hybrid MIP, which is among the best values reported for protein imprinting. The dissociation constant characterizing the strength of the MIP-AChE binding is 4.2 x 10(-7)m indicating the dominant role of the PAS-Prop-SAM interaction, while the benefit of the MIP nanofilm covering the Prop-SAM layer is the effective suppression of the cross-reactivity toward competing proteins as compared with the Prop-SAM. The threefold selectivity gain provided by i) the shape-specific MIP filter, ii) the propidium-SAM, iii) signal generation only by the AChE bound to the nanofilm shows promise for assessing AChE activity levels in cerebrospinal fluid.
Understanding the molecular basis of morphological change remains a central challenge in evolutionary-developmental biology. The transition from outbreeding to selfing is often associated with a dramatic reduction in reproductive structures and functions, such as the loss of attractive pheromones in hermaphroditic Caenorhabditis elegans and a reduced flower size in plants. Here, we demonstrate that variation in the level of the brassinosteroid-biosynthesis enzyme CYP724A1 contributes to the reduced flower size of selfing Capsella rubella compared with its outbreeding ancestor Capsella grandiflora. The primary transcript of the C. rubella allele is spliced more efficiently than that of C. grandiflora, resulting in higher brassinosteroid levels. These restrict organ growth by limiting cell proliferation. More efficient splicing of the C. rubella allele results from two de novo mutations in the selfing lineage. Thus, our results highlight the potentially widespread importance of differential splicing efficiency and higher-than-optimal hormone levels in generating phenotypic variation.
Resource distribution heterogeneity offers niche opportunities for species with different functional traits to develop and potentially coexist. Available light (photosynthetically active radiation or PAR) for suspended algae (phytoplankton) may fluctuate greatly over time and space. Species-specific light acquisition traits capture important aspects of the ecophysiology of phytoplankton and characterize species growth at either limiting or saturating daily PAR supply. Efforts have been made to explain phytoplankton coexistence using species-specific light acquisition traits under constant light conditions, but not under fluctuating light regimes that should facilitate non-equilibrium coexistence. In the well-mixed, hypertrophic Lake TaiHu (China), we incubated the phytoplankton community in bottles placed either at fixed depths or moved vertically through the water column to mimic vertical mixing. Incubations at constant depths received only the diurnal changes in light, while the moving bottles received rapidly fluctuating light. Species-specific light acquisition traits of dominant cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae, Microcystis spp.) and diatom (Aulacoseira granulata, Cyclotella pseudostelligera) species were characterized from their growth-light relationships that could explain relative biomasses along the daily PAR gradient under both constant and fluctuating light. Our study demonstrates the importance of interspecific differences in affinities to limiting and saturating light for the coexistence of phytoplankton species in spatially heterogeneous light conditions. Furthermore, we observed strong intraspecific differences in light acquisition traits between incubation under constant and fluctuating light - leading to the reversal of light utilization strategies of species. This increased the niche space for acclimated species, precluding competitive exclusion. These observations could enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind the Paradox of the Plankton.
Variation in nitrogen deposition and available soil nitrogen in a forest–grassland ecotone in Canada
(2004)
Regional variation in nitrogen (N) deposition increases plant productivity and decreases species diversity, but landscape- or local-scale influences on N deposition are less well-known. Using ion-exchange resin, we measured variation of N deposition and soil N availability within Elk Island National Park in the ecotone between grassland and boreal forest in western Canada. The park receives regionally high amounts of atmospheric N deposition (22 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). N deposition was on average higher ton clayrich luvisols than on brunisols, and areas burned 1 – 15 years previously received more atmospheric N than unburned sites. We suggest that the effects of previous fires and soil type on deposition rate act through differences in canopy structure. The magnitude of these effects varied with the presence of ungulate grazers (bison, moose, elk) and vegetation type (forest, shrubland, grassland). Available soil N (ammonium and nitrate) was higher in burned than unburned sites in the absence of grazing, suggesting an effect of deposition. On grazed sites, differences between fire treatments were small, presumably because the removal of biomass by grazers reduced the effect of fire. Aspen invades native grassland in this region, and our results suggest that fire without grazing might reinforce the expansion of forest into grassland facilitated by N deposition.
Regional variation in nitrogen (N) deposition increases plant productivity and decreases species diversity, but landscape- or local -scale influences on N deposition are less well-known. Using ion-exchange resin, we measured variation of N deposition and soil N availability within Elk Island National Park in the ecotone between grassland and boreal forest in western Canada. The park receives regionally high amounts of atmospheric N deposition (22 kg ha(-1) yr(- 1)). N deposition was on average higher ton clay-rich luvisols than on brunisols, and areas burned 1-15 years previously received more atmospheric N than unburned sites. We suggest that the effects of previous fires and soil type on deposition rate act through differences in canopy structure. The magnitude of these effects varied with the presence of ungulate grazers (bison, moose, elk) and vegetation type (forest, shrubland, grassland). Available soil N (ammonium and nitrate) was higher in burned than unburned sites in the absence of grazing, suggesting an effect of deposition. On grazed sites, differences between fire treatments were small, presumably because the removal of biomass by grazers reduced the effect of fire. Aspen invades native grassland in this region, and our results suggest that fire without grazing might reinforce the expansion of forest into grassland facilitated by N deposition
Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolved Brachionus calyciflorus species complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolved Brachionus calyciflorus species complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolved Brachionus calyciflorus species complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
One potential trade-off that bold individuals face is between increased predation risks and gains in resources. Individuals experiencing high predation and hungry individuals (or individuals with low body condition) are predicted to show increased boldness. We examined one behavioral trait previously reported to be associated with boldness (the time individual fish needed to emerge from shelter) in various populations of mollies (Poecilia spp.). Our study system included several southern Mexican surface streams with high piscine predation and high food availability, sulfidic surface streams with high avian predation, in which the inhabiting fish show reduced body condition, and a sulfidic cave, where predation and body condition are low. Our comparison revealed very short times to emerge from the start box in populations from non-sulfidic streams. In sulfidic habitats (whether surface or cave), it took individual Poecilia mexicana considerably longer to emerge from the start box, and the same difference was also found in an independent comparison between P. mexicana and the closely related, highly sulfide-adapted Poecilia sulphuraria. Fish reared under common garden conditions (in the absence of predators and hydrogen sulfide) showed intermediate boldness scores to the extremes observed in the field. Our data thus indicate that (a) boldness is shaped by environmental conditions/ experiential effects, but is not heritable, (b) predation affects boldness in the predicted direction, but (c) low body condition leads to reduced boldness. Extremophile Poecilia spp. spend most of their time surfacing to survive under sulfidic and hypoxic conditions, which exposes them to increased levels of predations, but the fish forage on the bottom. Hence, in this system, increased boldness does not increase foraging success. We argue that energy limitation favors reducing energetically costly behaviors, and exploring novel environments may be just one of them.
Plastic pollution is an increasing environmental problem, but a comprehensive understanding of its effect in the environment is still missing. The wide variety of size, shape, and polymer composition of plastics impedes an adequate risk assessment. We investigated the effect of differently sized polystyrene beads (1-, 3-, 6-µm; PS) and polyamide fragments (5–25 µm, PA) and non-plastics items such as silica beads (3-µm, SiO2) on the population growth, reproduction (egg ratio), and survival of two common aquatic micro invertebrates: the rotifer species Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus fernandoi. The MPs were combined with food quantity, limiting and saturating food concentration, and with food of different quality. We found variable fitness responses with a significant effect of 3-µm PS on the population growth rate in both rotifer species with respect to food quantity. An interaction between the food quality and the MPs treatments was found in the reproduction of B. calyciflorus. PA and SiO2 beads had no effect on fitness response. This study provides further evidence of the indirect effect of MPs in planktonic rotifers and the importance of testing different environmental conditions that could influence the effect of MPs.
Plastic pollution is an increasing environmental problem, but a comprehensive understanding of its effect in the environment is still missing. The wide variety of size, shape, and polymer composition of plastics impedes an adequate risk assessment. We investigated the effect of differently sized polystyrene beads (1-, 3-, 6-µm; PS) and polyamide fragments (5–25 µm, PA) and non-plastics items such as silica beads (3-µm, SiO2) on the population growth, reproduction (egg ratio), and survival of two common aquatic micro invertebrates: the rotifer species Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus fernandoi. The MPs were combined with food quantity, limiting and saturating food concentration, and with food of different quality. We found variable fitness responses with a significant effect of 3-µm PS on the population growth rate in both rotifer species with respect to food quantity. An interaction between the food quality and the MPs treatments was found in the reproduction of B. calyciflorus. PA and SiO2 beads had no effect on fitness response. This study provides further evidence of the indirect effect of MPs in planktonic rotifers and the importance of testing different environmental conditions that could influence the effect of MPs.
The human face shows individual features and features that are characteristic for sex and age (the loss of childlike characteristics during maturation). The analysis of facial dimensions is essential for identifying individual features also for forensic issues.
The analysis of facial proportions was performed on photogrammetric data from front views of 125 children. The data were pooled from 2 different studies. The children's data were obtained from a longitudinal study and reduced by random generator to ensure the data of adults from a separate cross-sectional study.
We applied principal component analysis on photogrammetric facial proportions of 169 individuals: 125 children (63 boys and 62 girls) aged 2-7 years and 44 adults (18 men and 26 women) aged 18-65 years.
Facial proportions depend on age and sex. Three components described age: (1) proportions of facial height to head height, (2) proportions that involve endocanthal breadth, and (3) bigonial to bizygonial proportions. Proportions that associate with sex are connected with nasal distances and nasal to bizygonial distances.
Twenty-three percent of the variance, particularly variance that are connected with proportions of lower and middle face heights to head height, do neither depend on sex nor on age and thus appear useful for screening purposes, eg, for dysmorphic genetic syndromes.
Der Buchfinkengesang wurde in Potsdam in zwei Hauptpopulationen über drei Jahre aufgenommen. Jedes Individuum wurde eindeutig am individuellen Strophentypenrepertoire identifiziert. Ein weiterer Punkt der die individuelle Wiedererkennung bestätigt ist die hohe Standorttreue der adulten Männchen. Die beschriebene Methode eignet sich für die Untersuchung von gesamten Populationen, um den Wandel des Gesangs von Populationen in Raum und Zeit zu beschreiben. Die Haupterkenntnisse der Arbeit sind: - Die Gesamtanzahl der Grundstrophentypen innerhalb einer Population bleibt über Jahre konstant. - Die relative Häufigkeit jedes einzelnen Strophentyps variiert von Jahr zu Jahr und von Population zu Population. - Gesangslernen erfolgt exakt mit einem Korrektheitsgrad von mindestens 96%. - Das Song-Sharing ist innerhalb der Population hoch. Die diskutierten Mechanismen für das Song-Sharing sind: Die Lebenserwartung, das Zugverhalten, das Lernverhalten, die Etabliertheit von Strophentypen, Weibchenpräferenzen und die Reaktionen der territorialen Männchen. - Weiterhin wurde ein Modell zur kulturellen Evolution des Buchfinkengesangs programmiert, um die Rolle der Einflussfaktoren, wie Fehlerquote, Abwanderungsrate und Laufzeit zu ermitteln. Der Wandel des Dialektes erfolgt graduell in Raum und Zeit. Daher sind keine scharfen Dialektgrenzen anzutreffen. Trotz dieser Tatsache markieren die etablierten Strophentypen die Population. 50 % der Juvenilen siedeln am Geburtsort, auf diese Weise bleibt der Dialekt erhalten und Inzest wird vermieden. -Analysiert man das Repertoire benachbarten Männchen bei isolierten Alleen, so entspricht die Gesangsangleichung in etwa dem Zufall. -Intraindividuelle Vergleiche der quantitativen Parameter des jeweiligen Strophentyps wurden saisonal und annuell durchgeführt. Saisonal konnten für einen Strophentyp ein Trend ermittelt werden. Bei jährlichen Vergleichen konnten intraindividuell ausschließlich nicht signifikante Ergebnisse ermittelt werden, wohingegen die interindividuelle Variation in zwei Fällen signifikant war. In einem Fall bestand ein Trend und in einem weiteren Fall war die Variationsunterschiede nicht signifikant. - Der Verlauf der Brutsaison lässt sich an der jährlichen Gesangsaktivität nachvollziehen.
Standing stocks are typically easier to measure than process rates such as production. Hence, stocks are often used as indicators of ecosystem functions although the latter are generally more strongly related to rates than to stocks. The regulation of stocks and rates and thus their variability over time may differ, as stocks constitute the net result of production and losses. Based on long-term high frequency measurements in a large, deep lake we explore the variability patterns in primary and bacterial production and relate them to those of the corresponding standing stocks, i.e. chlorophyll concentration, phytoplankton and bacterial biomass. We employ different methods (coefficient of variation, spline fitting and spectral analysis) which complement each other for assessing the variability present in the plankton data, at different temporal scales. In phytoplankton, we found that the overall variability of primary production is dominated by fluctuations at low frequencies, such as the annual, whereas in stocks and chlorophyll in particular, higher frequencies contribute substantially to the overall variance. This suggests that using standing stocks instead of rate measures leads to an under- or overestimation of food shortage for consumers during distinct periods of the year. The range of annual variation in bacterial production is 8 times greater than biomass, showing that the variability of bacterial activity (e.g. oxygen consumption, remineralisation) would be underestimated if biomass is used. The P/B ratios were variable and although clear trends are present in both bacteria and phytoplankton, no systematic relationship between stock and rate measures were found for the two groups. Hence, standing stock and process rate measures exhibit different variability patterns and care is needed when interpreting the mechanisms and implications of the variability encountered.
Puumala virus (PUUV) causes many human infections in large parts of Europe and can lead to mild to moderate disease. The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is the only reservoir of PUUV in Central Europe. A commercial PUUV rapid field test for rodents was validated for bank-vole blood samples collected in two PUUV-endemic regions in Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia and Baden-Wurttemberg). A comparison of the results of the rapid field test and standard ELISAs indicated a test efficacy of 93-95%, largely independent of the origin of the antigens used in the ELISA. In ELISAs, reactivity for the German PUUV strain was higher compared to the Swedish strain but not compared to the Finnish strain, which was used for the rapid field test. In conclusion, the use of the rapid field test can facilitate short-term estimation of PUUV seroprevalence in bank-vole populations in Germany and can aid in assessing human PUUV infection risk.
Vacuole integrity maintained by DUF300 proteins is required for brassinosteroid signaling regulation
(2018)
Brassinosteroid (BR) hormone signaling controls multiple processes during plant growth and development and is initiated at the plasma membrane through the receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) together with co-receptors such as BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1). BRI1 abundance is regulated by endosomal recycling and vacuolar targeting, but the role of vacuole-related proteins in BR receptor dynamics and BR responses remains elusive. Here, we show that the absence of two DUF300 domain-containing tonoplast proteins, LAZARUS1 (LAZ1) and LAZ1 HOMOLOG1 (LAZ1H1), causes vacuole morphology defects, growth inhibition, and constitutive activation of BR signaling. Intriguingly, tonoplast accumulation of BAK1 was substantially increased and appeared causally linked to enhanced BRI1 trafficking and degradation in laz1 laz1h1 plants. Since unrelated vacuole mutants exhibited normal BR responses, our findings indicate that DUF300 proteins play distinct roles in the regulation of BR signaling by maintaining vacuole integrity required to balance subcellular BAK1 pools and BR receptor distribution.
The activity of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in the apical membrane of blowfly (Calliphora vicina) salivary glands is regulated by the neurohormone serotonin (5-HT). 5-HT induces, via protein kinase A, the phosphorylation of V-ATPase subunit C and the assembly of V-ATPase holoenzymes. The protein phosphatase responsible for the dephosphorylation of subunit C and V-ATPase inactivation is not as yet known. We show here that inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A (tautomycin, ocadaic acid) and PP2B (cyclosporin A, FK-506) do not prevent V-ATPase deactivation and dephosphorylation of subunit C. A decrease in the intracellular Mg2+ level caused by loading secretory cells with EDTA-AM leads to the activation of proton pumping in the absence of 5-HT, prolongs the 5-HT-induced response in proton pumping, and inhibits the dephosphorylation of subunit C. Thus, the deactivation of V-ATPase is most probably mediated by a protein phosphatase that is insensitive to okadaic acid and that requires Mg2+, namely, a member of the PP2C protein family. By molecular biological techniques, we demonstrate the expression of at least two PP2C protein family members in blowfly salivary glands. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Terrestrial-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contributes significantly to the energetic basis of many aquatic food webs. Although heterotrophic bacteria are generally considered to be the sole consumers of DOC, algae and cyanobacteria of various taxonomic groups are also capable of exploiting this resource. We tested the hypothesis that algae can utilise DOC in the presence of bacteria if organic resources are supplied in intervals by photolysis of recalcitrant DOC. In short-term uptake experiments, we changed irradiation in the range of minutes. As model substrates, polymers of radiolabelled coumaric acid (PCA) were used, which during photolysis are known to release aromatic compounds comparable to terrestrial-derived and refractory DOC. Three cultured freshwater algae readily assimilated PCA photoproducts equivalent to a biomass-specific uptake of 5-60% of the bacterial competitors present. Algal substrate acquisition did not depend on whether PCA was photolysed continuously or in intervals. However, the data show that photoproducts of terrestrial DOC can be a significant resource for osmotrophic algae. In long-term growth experiments, interval light was applied one hour per day. We allowed cultured Chlamydomonas to compete for ambient DOC of low concentration. We found higher abundances of Chlamydomonas when cultures were irradiated intermittently rather than continuously. These data suggest that photolysis of DOC supports algal heterotrophy, and potentially facilitates growth, when light fluctuations are large, as during the diurnal light cycle. We concluded that osmotrophic algae can efficiently convert terrestrial carbon into the biomass of larger organisms of aquatic food webs.
We compared growth rates and efficiencies of pelagic bacteria from an extremely acidic mining lake (pH 2.6, mean depth 4.6m) supplied with different sources of carbon: (1) excreted by phytoplankton, (2) derived from benthic algae, (3) entering the lake via ground water, and (4) leached from leaf litter. Bacteria exhibited high growth rate and efficiency on exudates of pelagic and benthic algae. In contrast, they showed a lower growth rate and efficiency with organic carbon from ground water, and grew at a very high rate but a very low efficiency on leaf leachate. Results from stable isotope analyses indicate a greater importance of benthic exudates and leaf leachate for bacteria in the epilimnion, and a higher impact of ground water sources in the hypolimnion. Given the magnitude of differential source inputs into the lake, we suggest that benthic primary production was the most important carbon source for pelagic bacteria. The benthic-pelagic coupling seems to be more relevant in this shallow acidic lake with low pelagic carbon dioxide concentrations than in neutral lakes
Using individual-based modeling to understand grassland diversity and resilience in the Anthropocene
(2020)
The world’s grassland systems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic change. Susceptible to a variety of different stressors, from land-use intensification to climate change, understanding the mechanisms driving the maintenance of these systems’ biodiversity and stability, and how these mechanisms may shift under human-mediated disturbance, is thus critical for successfully navigating the next century. Within this dissertation, I use an individual-based and spatially-explicit model of grassland community assembly (IBC-grass) to examine several processes, thought key to understanding their biodiversity and stability and how it changes under stress. In the first chapter of my thesis, I examine the conditions under which intraspecific trait variation influences the diversity of simulated grassland communities. In the second and third chapters of my thesis, I shift focus towards understanding how belowground herbivores influence the stability of these grassland systems to either a disturbance that results in increased, stochastic, plant mortality, or eutrophication.
Intraspecific trait variation (ITV), or variation in trait values between individuals of the same species, is fundamental to the structure of ecological communities. However, because it has historically been difficult to incorporate into theoretical and statistical models, it has remained largely overlooked in community-level analyses. This reality is quickly shifting, however, as a consensus of research suggests that it may compose a sizeable proportion of the total variation within an ecological community and that it may play a critical role in determining if species coexist. Despite this increasing awareness that ITV matters, there is little consensus of the magnitude and direction of its influence. Therefore, to better understand how ITV changes the assembly of grassland communities, in the first chapter of my thesis, I incorporate it into an established, individual-based grassland community model, simulating both pairwise invasion experiments as well as the assembly of communities with varying initial diversities. By varying the amount of ITV in these species’ functional traits, I examine the magnitude and direction of ITV’s influence on pairwise invasibility and community coexistence. During pairwise invasion, ITV enables the weakest species to more frequently invade the competitively superior species, however, this influence does not generally scale to the community level. Indeed, unless the community has low alpha- and beta- diversity, there will be little effect of ITV in bolstering diversity. In these situations, since the trait axis is sparsely filled, the competitively inferior may suffer less competition and therefore ITV may buffer the persistence and abundance of these species for some time.
In the second and third chapters of my thesis, I model how one of the most ubiquitous trophic interactions within grasslands, herbivory belowground, influences their diversity and stability. Until recently, the fundamental difficulty in studying a process within the soil has left belowground herbivory “out of sight, out of mind.” This dilemma presents an opportunity for simulation models to explore how this understudied process may alter community dynamics. In the second chapter of my thesis, I implement belowground herbivory – represented by the weekly removal of plant biomass – into IBC-grass. Then, by introducing a pulse disturbance, modelled as the stochastic mortality of some percentage of the plant community, I observe how the presence of belowground herbivores influences the resistance and recovery of Shannon diversity in these communities. I find that high resource, low diversity, communities are significantly more destabilized by the presence of belowground herbivores after disturbance. Depending on the timing of the disturbance and whether the grassland’s seed bank persists for more than one season, the impact of the disturbance – and subsequently the influence of the herbivores – can be greatly reduced. However, because human-mediated eutrophication increases the amount of resources in the soil, thus pressuring grassland systems, our results suggest that the influence of these herbivores may become more important over time.
In the third chapter of my thesis, I delve further into understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of belowground herbivores on the diversity of grasslands by replicating an empirical mesocosm experiment that crosses the presence of herbivores above- and below-ground with eutrophication. I show that while aboveground herbivory, as predicted by theory and frequently observed in experiments, mitigates the impact of eutrophication on species diversity, belowground herbivores counterintuitively reduce biodiversity. Indeed, this influence positively interacts with the eutrophication process, amplifying its negative impact on diversity. I discovered the mechanism underlying this surprising pattern to be that, as the herbivores consume roots, they increase the proportion of root resources to root biomass. Because root competition is often symmetric, herbivory fails to mitigate any asymmetries in the plants’ competitive dynamics. However, since the remaining roots have more abundant access to resources, the plants’ competition shifts aboveground, towards asymmetric competition for light. This leads the community towards a low-diversity state, composed of mostly high-performance, large plant species. We further argue that this pattern will emerge unless the plants’ root competition is asymmetric, in which case, like its counterpart aboveground, belowground herbivory may buffer diversity by reducing this asymmetry between the competitively superior and inferior plants.
I conclude my dissertation by discussing the implications of my research on the state of the art in intraspecific trait variation and belowground herbivory, with emphasis on the necessity of more diverse theory development in the study of these fundamental interactions. My results suggest that the influence of these processes on the biodiversity and stability of grassland systems is underappreciated and multidimensional, and must be thoroughly explored if researchers wish to predict how the world’s grasslands will respond to anthropogenic change. Further, should researchers myopically focus on understanding central ecological interactions through only mathematically tractable analyses, they may miss entire suites of potential coexistence mechanisms that can increase the coviability of species, potentially leading to coexistence over ecologically-significant timespans. Individual-based modelling, therefore, with its focus on individual interactions, will prove a critical tool in the coming decades for understanding how local interactions scale to larger contexts, and how these interactions shape ecological communities and further predicting how these systems will change under human-mediated stress.
In this report we describe Cy5-dUTP labelling of recombinase-polymerase-amplification (RPA) products directly during the amplification process for the first time. Nucleic acid amplification techniques, especially polymerase-chain-reaction as well as various isothermal amplification methods such as RPA, becomes a promising tool in the detection of pathogens and target specific genes. Actually, RPA even provides more advantages. This isothermal method got popular in point of care diagnostics because of its speed and sensitivity but requires pre-labelled primer or probes for a following detection of the amplicons. To overcome this disadvantages, we performed an labelling of RPA-amplicons with Cy5-dUTP without the need of pre-labelled primers. The amplification results of various multiple antibiotic resistance genes indicating great potential as a flexible and promising tool with high specific and sensitive detection capabilities of the target genes. After the determination of an appropriate rate of 1% Cy5-dUTP and 99% unlabelled dTTP we were able to detect the bla(CTX-M15) gene in less than 1.6E-03 ng genomic DNA corresponding to approximately 200 cfu of Escherichia coli cells in only 40 min amplification time.
Use of large Acacia trees by the cavity dwelling Black-tailed Tree Rat in the southern Kalahari
(2006)
Recent extensive harvesting of large, often dead Acacia trees in and savanna of southern Africa is cause for concern about the conservation status of the arid savanna and its animal community. We mapped vegetation and nests of the Black-tailed Tree Rat Thallomy's nigricauda to assess the extent to which the rats depend on particular tree species and on the existence of dead, standing trees. The study was conducted in continuous Acacia woodland on the southern and eastern edge of the Kalahari, South Africa. Trees in which there were tree rat nests were compared with trees of similar size and vigour to identify the characteristics of nest sites. Spatial analysis of tree rat distribution was conducted using Ripley's-L function. We found that T nigricauda was able to utilize all available tree species, as long as trees were large and old enough so that cavities were existing inside the stem. The spatial distribution of nest trees did not show clumping at the investigated scale, and we therefore reject the notion of the rats forming colonies when inhabiting continuous woodlands. The selection of a particular tree as a nest site was furthermore depending on the close proximity of the major food plant, Acacia mellifera. This may limit the choice of suitable nest sites. since A. mellifera was less likely to grow within a vegetation patch containing a large trees than in patches without large trees.
1. The polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plays an important role in aquatic food webs, in particular at the primary producerconsumer interface where keystone species such as daphnids may be constrained by its dietary availability. Such constraints and their seasonal and interannual changes may be detected by continuous measurements of EPA concentrations. However, such EPA measurements became common only during the last two decades, whereas long-term data sets on plankton biomass are available for many well-studied lakes. Here, we test whether it is possible to estimate EPA concentrations from abiotic variables (light and temperature) and the biomass of prey organisms (e.g. ciliates, diatoms and cryptophytes) that potentially provide EPA for consumers. 2. We used multiple linear regression to relate size- and taxonomically resolved plankton biomass data and measurements of temperature and light intensity to directly measured EPA concentrations in Lake Constance during a whole year. First, we tested the predictability of EPA concentrations from the biomass of EPA-rich organisms (diatoms, cryptophytes and ciliates). Secondly, we included the variables mean temperature and mean light intensity over the sampling depth (020 m) and depth (08 and 820 m) as factors in our model to check for large-scale seasonal- and depth-dependent effects on EPA concentrations. In a third step, we included the deviations of light and temperature from mean values in our model to allow for their potential influence on the biochemical composition of plankton organisms. We used the Akaike Information Criterion to determine the best models. 3. All approaches supported our proposition that the biomasses of specific plankton groups are variables from which seston EPA concentrations can be derived. The importance of ciliates as an EPA source in the seston was emphasised by their high weight in our models, although ciliates are neglected in most studies that link fatty acids to seston taxonomic composition. The large-scale seasonal variability of light intensity and its interaction with diatom biomass were significant predictors of EPA concentrations. The deviation of temperature from mean values, accounting for a depth-dependent effect on EPA concentrations, and its interaction with ciliate biomass were also variables with high predictive power. 4. The best models from the first and second approaches were validated with measurements of EPA concentrations from another year (1997). The estimation with the best model including only biomass explained 80%, and the best model from the second approach including mean temperature and depth explained 87% of the variability in EPA concentrations in 1997. 5. We show that it is possible to predict EPA concentrations reliably from plankton biomass, while the inclusion of abiotic factors led to results that were only partly consistent with expectations from laboratory studies. Our approach of including biotic predictors should be transferable to other systems and allow checking for biochemical constraints on primary consumers.
Isolation of recombinant antibodies from antibody libraries is commonly performed by different molecular display formats including phage display and ribosome display or different cell-surface display formats. We describe a new method which allows the selection of Escherichia coil cells producing the required single chain antibody by cultivation in presence of ampicillin conjugated to the antigen of interest. The method utilizes the neutralization of the conjugate by the produced single chain antibody which is secreted to the periplasm. Therefore, a new expression system based on the pET26b vector was designed and a library was constructed. The method was successfully established first for the selection of E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) cells expressing a model single chain antibody (anti-fluorescein) by a simple selection assay on LB-agar plates. Using this selection assay, we could identify a new single chain antibody binding biotin by growing E. coil BL21 Star (DE3) containing the library in presence of a biotin-ampicillin conjugate. In contrast to methods as molecular or cell surface display our selection system applies the soluble single chain antibody molecule and thereby avoids undesired effects, e.g. by the phage particle or the yeast fusion protein. By selecting directly in an expression strain, production and characterization of the selected single chain antibody is possible without any further cloning or transformation steps.
As structural membrane components and signaling effector molecules sphingolipids influence a plethora of host cell functions, and by doing so also the replication of viruses. Investigating the effects of various inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism in primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the human B cell line BJAB we found that not only the sphingosine kinase (SphK) inhibitor SKI-II, but also the acid ceramidase inhibitor ceranib-2 efficiently inhibited measles virus (MV) replication. Virus uptake into the target cells was not grossly altered by the two inhibitors, while titers of newly synthesized MV were reduced by approximately 1 log (90%) in PBL and 70-80% in BJAB cells. Lipidomic analyses revealed that in PBL SKI-II led to increased ceramide levels, whereas in BJAB cells ceranib-2 increased ceramides. SKI-II treatment decreased sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels in PBL and BJAB cells. Furthermore, we found that MV infection of lymphocytes induced a transient (0.5-6 h) increase in S1P, which was prevented by SKI-II. Investigating the effect of the inhibitors on the metabolic (mTORC1) activity we found that ceranib-2 reduced the phosphorylation of p70 S6K in PBL, and that both inhibitors, ceranib-2 and SKI-II, reduced the phosphorylation of p70 S6K in BJAB cells. As mTORC1 activity is required for efficient MV replication, this effect of the inhibitors is one possible antiviral mechanism. In addition, reduced intracellular S1P levels affect a number of signaling pathways and functions including Hsp90 activity, which was reported to be required for MV replication. Accordingly, we found that pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 with the inhibitor 17-AAG strongly impaired MV replication in primary PBL. Thus, our data suggest that treatment of lymphocytes with both, acid ceramidase and SphK inhibitors, impair MV replication by affecting a number of cellular activities including mTORC1 and Hsp90, which alter the metabolic state of the cells causing a hostile environment for the virus.
Urbanization promotes specific bacteria in freshwater microbiomes including potential pathogens
(2022)
Freshwater ecosystems are characterized by complex and highly dynamic microbial communities that are strongly structured by their local environment and biota. Accelerating urbanization and growing city populations detrimentally alter freshwater environments. To determine differences in freshwater microbial communities associated with urban-ization, full-length 16S rRNA gene PacBio sequencing was performed in a case study from surface waters and sedi-ments from a wastewater treatment plant, urban and rural lakes in the Berlin-Brandenburg region, Northeast Germany. Water samples exhibited highly habitat specific bacterial communities with multiple genera showing clear urban signatures. We identified potentially harmful bacterial groups associated with environmental parameters specific to urban habitats such as Alistipes, Escherichia/Shigella, Rickettsia and Streptococcus. We demonstrate that urban-ization alters natural microbial communities in lakes and, via simultaneous warming and eutrophication and creates favourable conditions that promote specific bacterial genera including potential pathogens. Our findings are evidence to suggest an increased potential for long-term health risk in urbanized waterbodies, at a time of rapidly expanding global urbanization. The results highlight the urgency for undertaking mitigation measures such as targeted lake restoration projects and sustainable water management efforts.
Water is essential to life and thus, an essential resource. However, freshwater resources are limited and their maintenance is crucial. Pollution with chemicals and pathogens through urbanization and a growing population impair the quality of freshwater. Furthermore, water can serve as vector for the transmission of pathogens resulting in water-borne illness.
The Interdisciplinary Research Group III – "Water" of the Leibniz alliance project INFECTIONS‘21 investigated water as a hub for pathogens focusing on Clostridioides difficile and avian influenza A viruses that may be shed into the water. Another aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial communities in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the capital Berlin, Germany to further assess potential health risks associated with wastewater management practices.
Bacterial communities of WWTP inflow and effluent differed significantly. The proportion of fecal/enteric bacteria was relatively low and OTUs related to potential enteric pathogens were largely removed from inflow to effluent. However, a health risk might exist as an increased relative abundance of potential pathogenic Legionella spp. such as L. lytica was observed. Three Clostridioides difficile isolates from wastewater inflow and an urban bathing lake in Berlin (‗Weisser See‘) were obtained and sequenced. The two isolates from the wastewater did not carry toxin genes, whereas the isolate from the lake was positive for the toxin genes. All three isolates were closely related to human strains. This indicates a potential, but rather sporadic health risk. Avian influenza A viruses were detected in 38.8% of sediment samples by PCR, but virus isolation failed. An experiment with inoculated freshwater and sediment samples showed that virus isolation from sediment requires relatively high virus concentrations and worked much better in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cultures than in embryonated chicken eggs, but low titre of influenza contamination in freshwater samples was sufficient to recover virus.
In conclusion, this work revealed potential health risks coming from bacterial groups with pathogenic potential such as Legionella spp. whose relative abundance is higher in the released effluent than in the inflow of the investigated WWTP. It further indicates that water bodies such as wastewater and lake sediments can serve as reservoir and vector, even for non-typical water-borne or water-transmitted pathogens such as C. difficile.
Inorganic arsenicals are environmental toxins that have been connected with neuropathies and impaired cognitive functions. To investigate whether such substances accumulate in brain astrocytes and affect their viability and glutathione metabolism, we have exposed cultured primary astrocytes to arsenite or arsenate. Both arsenicals compromised the cell viability of astrocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. However, the early onset of cell toxicity in arsenite-treated astrocytes revealed the higher toxic potential of arsenite compared with arsenate. The concentrations of arsenite and arsenate that caused within 24 h half-maximal release of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase were around 0.3 mM and 10 mM, respectively. The cellular arsenic contents of astrocytes increased rapidly upon exposure to arsenite or arsenate and reached after 4 h of incubation almost constant steady state levels. These levels were about 3-times higher in astrocytes that had been exposed to a given concentration of arsenite compared with the respective arsenate condition. Analysis of the intracellular arsenic species revealed that almost exclusively arsenite was present in viable astrocytes that had been exposed to either arsenate or arsenite. The emerging toxicity of arsenite 4 h after exposure was accompanied by a loss in cellular total glutathione and by an increase in the cellular glutathione disulfide content. These data suggest that the high arsenite content of astrocytes that had been exposed to inorganic arsenicals causes an increase in the ratio of glutathione disulfide to glutathione which contributes to the toxic potential of these substances.
We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic–Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers ∼45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers ∼25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe ∼3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.
We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers similar to 45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers similar to 25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe similar to 3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.
Assessing diversity is among the major tasks in ecology and conservation science. In ecological and conservation studies, epiphytic cryptogams are usually sampled up to accessible heights in forests. Thus, their diversity, especially of canopy specialists, likely is underestimated. If the proportion of those species differs among forest types, plot-based diversity assessments are biased and may result in misleading conservation recommendations. We sampled bryophytes and lichens in 30 forest plots of 20 m x 20 m in three German regions, considering all substrates, and including epiphytic litter fall. First, the sampling of epiphytic species was restricted to the lower 2 m of trees and shrubs. Then, on one representative tree per plot, we additionally recorded epiphytic species in the crown, using tree climbing techniques. Per tree, on average 54% of lichen and 20% of bryophyte species were overlooked if the crown was not been included. After sampling all substrates per plot, including the bark of all shrubs and trees, still 38% of the lichen and 4% of the bryophyte species were overlooked if the tree crown of the sampled tree was not included. The number of overlooked lichen species varied strongly among regions. Furthermore, the number of overlooked bryophyte and lichen species per plot was higher in European beech than in coniferous stands and increased with increasing diameter at breast height of the sampled tree. Thus, our results indicate a bias of comparative studies which might have led to misleading conservation recommendations of plot-based diversity assessments.
Filamin c is the predominantly expressed filamin isoform in striated muscles. It is localized in myofibrillar Z- discs, where it binds FATZ and myotilin, and in myotendinous junctions and intercalated discs. Here, we identify Xin, the protein encoded by the human gene 'cardiomyopathy associated 1' (CMYA1) as filamin c binding partner at these specialized structures where the ends of myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma. Xin directly binds the EVH1 domain proteins Mena and VASP. In the adult heart, Xin and Mena/VASP colocalize with filamin c in intercalated discs. In cultured cardiomyocytes, the proteins also localize in the nonstriated part of myofibrils, where sarcomeres are assembled and an extensive reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton occurs. Unusual intraexonic splicing events result in the existence of three Xin isoforms that associate differentially with its ligands. The identification of the complex filamin c-Xin-Mena/VASP provides a first glance on the role of Xin in the molecular mechanisms involved in developmental and adaptive remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during cardiac morphogenesis and sarcomere assembly. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Die 11beta-HSD1 reguliert intrazellulär die Cortisolkonzentration durch Regeneration von Cortison z.B. aus dem Blutkreislauf, zu Cortisol. Daher stellt diese ein wichtiges Element in der Glucocorticoid-vermittelten Genregulation dar. Die 11beta-HSD1 wird ubiquitär exprimiert, auf hohem Niveau besonders in Leber, Fettgewebe und glatten Muskelzellen. Insbesondere die Bedeutung der 11beta-HSD1 in Leber und Fettgewebe konnte mehrfach nachgewiesen werden. In der Leber führte eine erhöhte Aktivität aufgrund einer Überexpression in Mäusen zu einer verstärkten Gluconeogeneserate. Des Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine erhöhte Expression und erhöhte Enzymaktivität der 11beta-HSD1 im subkutanen und viszeralen Fettgewebe assoziiert ist mit Fettleibigkeit, Insulinresistenz und Dyslipidämie. Über die Regulation ist jedoch noch wenig bekannt. Zur Untersuchung der Promotoraktivität wurde der Promotorbereich von -3034 bis +188, vor und nach dem Translations- und Transkriptionsstart, der 11beta-HSD1 kloniert. 8 Promotorfragmente wurden mittels Dual-Luciferase-Assay in humanen HepG2-Zellen sowie undifferenzierten und differenzierten murinen 3T3-L1-Zellen untersucht. Anschließend wurde mittels nicht-radioaktiven EMSA die Bindung des TATA-Binding Proteins (TBP) sowie von CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding-Proteinen (C/EBP) an ausgewählte Promotorregionen analysiert. Nach der Charakterisierung des Promotors wurden spezifische endogene und exogene Regulatoren untersucht. Fettsäuren modifizieren die Entstehung von Adipositas und Insulinresistenz. Ihre Wirkung wird u.a. PPARgamma-abhängig vermittelt und kann durch das Inkretin (Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Peptide) GIP modifiziert werden. So wurden die Effekte von unterschiedlichen Fettsäuren, vom PPARgamma Agonisten Rosiglitazon sowie dem Inkretin GIP auf die Expression und Enzymaktivität der 11beta-HSD1 untersucht. Dies wurde in-vitro-, tierexperimentell und in humanen in-vivo-Studien realisiert. Zuletzt wurden 2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphismen (SNP) im Promotorbereich der 11beta-HSD1 in der Zellkultur im Hinblick auf potentielle Funktionalität analysiert sowie die Assoziation mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und Körpergewicht in der MeSyBePo-Kohorte bei rund 1.800 Personen untersucht. Die Luciferase-Assays zeigten basal eine zell-spezifische Regulation der 11beta-HSD1, wobei in allen 3 untersuchten Zelltypen die Bindung eines Repressors nachgewiesen werden konnte. Zudem konnte eine mögliche Bindung des TBPs sowie von C/EBP-Proteinen an verschiedene Positionen gezeigt werden. Die Transaktivierungsassays mit den C/EBP-Proteinen -alpha, -beta und -delta zeigten eben-falls eine zellspezifische Regulation des 11beta-HSD1-Promotors. Die Aktivität und Expression der 11beta-HSD1 wurde durch die hier untersuchten endogenen und exogenen Faktoren spezifisch modifiziert, was sowohl in-vitro als auch in-vivo in unterschiedlichen Modellsystemen dargestellt werden konnte. Die Charakterisierung der MeSyBePo-Kohorte ergab keine direkten Assoziationen zwischen Polymorphismus und klinischem Phänotyp, jedoch Tendenzen für eine erhöhtes Körper-gewicht und Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus in Abhängigkeit des Genotyps. Der Promotor der 11beta-HSD1 konnte aufgrund der Daten aus den Luciferaseassays sowie den Daten aus den EMSA-Analysen näher charakterisiert werden. Dieser zeigt eine variable und zell-spezifische Regulation. Ein wichtiger Regulator stellen insbesondere in den HepG2-Zellen die C/EBP-Proteine -alpha, -beta und -delta dar. Aus den in-vivo-Studien ergab sich eine Regulation der 11beta-HSD1 durch endogene, exogene und pharmakologische Substanzen, die durch die Zellkulturversuche bestätigt und näher charakterisiert werden konnten.