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The overall program "arborescent numbers" is to similarly perform the constructions from the natural numbers (N) to the positive fractional numbers (Q+) to positive real numbers (R+) beginning with (specific) binary trees instead of natural numbers. N can be regarded as the associative binary trees. The binary trees B and the left-commutative binary trees P allow the hassle-free definition of arbitrary high arithmetic operations (hyper ... hyperpowers). To construct the division trees the algebraic structure "coppice" is introduced which is a group with an addition over which the multiplication is right-distributive. Q+ is the initial associative coppice. The present work accomplishes one step in the program "arborescent numbers". That is the construction of the arborescent equivalent(s) of the positive fractional numbers. These equivalents are the "division binary trees" and the "fractional trees". A representation with decidable word problem for each of them is given. The set of functions f:R1->R1 generated from identity by taking powers is isomorphic to P and can be embedded into a coppice by taking inverses.
The aim of the study is the analysis of body composition, motor development and cardiovascular parameters of preschool-children. In 2001/2002 a longitudinal study started in 17 nursery schools in Berlin. A total of 160 children out of the 264 children participated in a regular exercise programme. After 24 months of training significant differences of body composition, motor skills and cardiovascular parameters between 5 complete year old children of the intervention and the control group were observed. The results show that such an exercise programme is successful as a preventive measure to decrease the risk of obesity.
Energy-dispersive X-ray reflectivity and GID for real-time growth studies of pentacene thin films
(2007)
We use energy-dispersive X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence diffraction (GID) to follow the growth of the crystalline organic semiconductor pentacene on silicon oxide in-situ and in real-time. The technique allows for monitoring Bragg reflections and measuring X-ray growth oscillations with a time resolution of 1 min in a wide q-range in reciprocal space extending over 0.25-0.80 angstrom(-1), i.e. sampling a large number of Fourier components simultaneously. A quantitative analysis of growth oscillations at several q-points yields the evolution of the surface roughness, showing a marked transition from layer-by-layer growth to strong roughening after four monolayers of pentacene have been deposited. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Information as an envirommental policy instrument : a case study for the economics of Eco-Labeling
(2007)
Conceptual Capacities
(2007)
Germination rates and germination fractions of seeds can be predicted well by the hydrothermal time (HTT) model. Its four parameters hydrothermal time, minimum soil temperature, minimum soil moisture, and variation of minimum soil moisture, however, must be determined by lengthy germination experiments at combinations of several levels of soil temperature and moisture. For some applications of the HTT model it is more important to have approximate estimates for many species rather than exact values for only a few species. We suggest that minimum temperature and variation of minimum moisture can be estimated from literature data and expert knowledge. This allows to derive hydrothermal time and minimum moisture from existing data from germination experiments with one level of temperature and moisture. We applied our approach to a germination experiment comparing germination fractions of wild annual species along an aridity gradient in Israel. Using this simplified approach we estimated hydrothermal time and minimum moisture of 36 species. Comparison with exact data for three species shows that our method is a simple but effective method for obtaining parameters for the HTT model. Hydrothermal time and minimum moisture supposedly indicate climate related germination strategies. We tested whether these two parameters varied with the climate at the site where the seeds had been collected. We found no consistent variation with climate across species, suggesting that variation is more strongly controlled by site-specific factors.Abstract auch auf deutsch vorhanden:Keimungsgeschwindigkeit und Anteil gekeimter Samen lassen sich gut mit dem Hydrothermalzeit-Modell bestimmen. Dessen vier Parameter Hydrothermalzeit, Mindesttemperatur, Mindestbodenfeuchte und Streuung der Mindestbodenfeuchte müssen jedoch durch aufwendige Keimungsversuche bei Kombinationen von mehreren Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitsstufen bestimmt werden. Für manche Anwendungen des Hydrothermalzeit-Modells sind aber ungefähre Werte für viele Arten wichtiger als genaue Werte für wenige Arten. Wenn die Mindesttemperatur und die Streuung der Mindestfeuchte aus Veröffentlichungen und Expertenwissen geschätzt würde, können die Hydrothermalzeit und Mindestbodenfeuchte aus vorhandenen Daten von Keimungsversuchen mit nur einer Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitsstufe berechnet werden. Wir haben unseren Ansatz auf einen Keimungsversuch zum Vergleich der Keimungsquote wilder einjähriger Arten entlang eines Trockenheitsgradienten in Israel angewendet. Mit diesem Ansatz bestimmten wir die Hydrothermalzeit und Mindestfeuchtigkeit von 36 Arten. Der Vergleich mit genauen Werten für drei Arten zeigt, dass mit unserem Ansatz Hydrothermalzeit-Parameter einfach und effektiv bestimmt werden können. Hydrothermalzeit und Mindestfeuchtigkeit sollten auch bestimmte klimabedingte Keimungsstrategien anzeigen. Deshalb testeten wir, ob diese zwei Parameter mit dem Klima am Ursprungsort der Samen zusammenhängen. Wir fanden jedoch keinen für alle Arten übereinstimmenden Zusammenhang, so dass die Unterschiede vermutlich stärker durch standörtliche als durch klimatische Ursachen hervorgerufen werden.
Many-electron dynamics in molecules by means of time-dependent configuration interaction methods
(2007)
Formal poincare lemma
(2007)
The Focus Feature Revisited
(2007)
New Regional Identities and Strategic Essentialism : Case studies from Poland, Italy and Germany
(2007)
Regional identity has become an important issue in debate on current changes in Europe. However, that has happened at a time when many scientists and some social movements adopt critical stances regarding the concept of identity. This paradox encourages the authors to explore current discourses on regions and regional identity. Major questions are:- What do current discourses on regional identity look like? - Is there any relationship of current projects, institutionalisations and discussions of regional iden-tity with the criticisms of the notion of collective identity? - Do current projects and debates of regional identity pay attention to problems pointed out by such criticism (for example the relationship to the "other", i.e. those who are culturally different)? Key features of the book include:- Case studies on regions in Poland (;wi;tokrzyskie, ;l;skie and Warmi;sko-Mazurskie), Italy (Trentino-South Tyrol, Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto) and Germany (Brandenburg including its relation to the city-state Berlin).- Accounts of nation state contexts and current developments in regionalisation, regionalism and federalisation debate.- Thorough exploration of fields most important to the shaping of regional identity (school, regional media, representations of history, regional politics...). - Demonstration of much variation in discourses and projects of regional identity.- Reflections on strategic essentialism and heuristic use of that concept.The authors - sociologists from Warsaw, Trento, Bolzano and Potsdam - collaborated in a project which was funded by the Volkswagen Foundation in its initiative "How do we perceive or shape 'foreign' and 'native' cultural identities? Research on processes of intercultural dissociation, media-tion and identity-shaping"."New regional identities and strategic essentialism" appeals to readers interested in current European regionalism and regionalisation as well as to those more inclined to examine general questions of collective identity coming especially from sociology, political science, social geography, regional sciences, contemporary history, social anthropology or cultural studies.
Introduction
(2007)
Formal Slavic Linguistics investigates all linguistic levels and their interfaces. The contributions of the FDSL VI Conference in Potsdam 2005 are concerned with the explicit description and explanation of prosody, information structure, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics, applying recent developments in the Principles and Parameters Framework, OT, HPSG and formal Semantics. The authors analyze also issues in psycholinguistics and computational linguistics.
Hierarchical meso- and macropore architectures by liquid crystalline and polymer colloid templating
(2007)
Introduction
(2007)
Conclusions : Governance and Democracy at the Local Level - Structures, Processes and Tensions
(2007)
The field equations following from a Lagrangian L(R) will be deduced and solved for special cases. If L is a non-linear function of the curvature scalar, then these equations are of fourth order in the metric. In the introduction we present the history of these equations beginning with the paper of H. Weyl from 1918, who first discussed them as alternative to Einstein's theory. In the third part, we give details about the cosmic no hair theorem, i.e., the details how within fourth order gravity with L= R + R^2 the inflationary phase of cosmic evolution turns out to be a transient attractor. Finally, the Bicknell theorem, i.e. the conformal relation from fourth order gravity to scalar- tensor theory, will be shortly presented.
Phonology and intonation
(2007)