Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (1419) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2014 (1419) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1111)
- Doctoral Thesis (113)
- Review (54)
- Conference Proceeding (39)
- Preprint (34)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (33)
- Part of a Book (19)
- Other (11)
- Habilitation Thesis (2)
- Part of Periodical (2)
Keywords
- anomalous diffusion (9)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (9)
- Eye movements (8)
- gamma rays: galaxies (8)
- Earthquake source observations (7)
- Holocene (7)
- gamma rays: general (7)
- Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (6)
- Arabidopsis (5)
- Climate change (5)
- Sun: corona (5)
- Time reference (5)
- galaxies: active (5)
- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (5)
- quasars: absorption lines (5)
- stars: Wolf-Rayet (5)
- ISM: supernova remnants (4)
- Magellanic Clouds (4)
- Reading (4)
- Seismicity and tectonics (4)
- Sun: flares (4)
- Tibetan Plateau (4)
- aging (4)
- galaxies: jets (4)
- living cells (4)
- morphology (4)
- nanoparticles (4)
- relativistic processes (4)
- stars: early-type (4)
- stars: evolution (4)
- Adolescence (3)
- Aggression (3)
- Aphasia (3)
- Apis mellifera (3)
- Baseline shift (3)
- Children (3)
- Chinese (3)
- DRD4 (3)
- Daphnia (3)
- ERP (3)
- Earthquake dynamics (3)
- Embodied cognition (3)
- Erosion (3)
- Fetal programming (3)
- Galaxy: halo (3)
- Germany (3)
- Himalaya (3)
- Mental arithmetic (3)
- Mental number line (3)
- Pollen (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Statistical seismology (3)
- Sun: filaments, prominences (3)
- Sun: magnetic fields (3)
- X-rays: stars (3)
- adolescence (3)
- astroparticle physics (3)
- biosensor (3)
- connectivity (3)
- cosmology: observations (3)
- eye movements (3)
- fMRI (3)
- gene expression (3)
- gold (3)
- intergalactic medium (3)
- metathesis (3)
- reading (3)
- sentence processing (3)
- stars: AGB and post-AGB (3)
- stars: fundamental parameters (3)
- stars: magnetic field (3)
- stars: mass-loss (3)
- stars: massive (3)
- stars: winds, outflows (3)
- transport (3)
- Agrammatic aphasia (2)
- Alcohol dependence (2)
- Aleatory variability (2)
- Ancient DNA (2)
- Andes (2)
- Anisotropy effect (2)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (2)
- Arenesulfonamides (2)
- Aromaticity (2)
- Astrocytes (2)
- Atmosphere (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 2155-304 (2)
- Biodiversity Exploratories (2)
- Body waves (2)
- Brazil (2)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (2)
- Cenozoic (2)
- Central Asia (2)
- Chelatoaromaticity (2)
- Cholesterol (2)
- Classification (2)
- Computational modeling (2)
- Connectivity (2)
- Conversation Analysis (2)
- Cortisol (2)
- Cosmogenic nuclides (2)
- Cycloaddition (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Development (2)
- Diatoms (2)
- Discourse-linking (2)
- Distribution modelling (2)
- Dry land degradation (2)
- Earthquake (2)
- Earthquake interaction (2)
- Enceladus (2)
- Endothelin-1 (2)
- Epistemic uncertainty (2)
- Escherichia coli (2)
- Europe (2)
- Evaluation (2)
- Event-related potential (2)
- Eye-tracking (2)
- FTY720 (2)
- Fingolimod (2)
- Fire-bellied toad (2)
- Fluorescence (2)
- Food quality (2)
- Galaxy: structure (2)
- Gene expression (2)
- Gene-environment interaction (2)
- German (2)
- Geschichte (2)
- Glaciation (2)
- Hapten (2)
- Human impact (2)
- INOPEX (2)
- ISM: abundances (2)
- ISM: individual objects: G338.3-0.0 (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Information structure (2)
- Intellectual History (2)
- Interactional Linguistics (2)
- Interaktionale Linguistik (2)
- Inverse theory (2)
- Janus emulsions (2)
- Kidney (2)
- Kongress (2)
- Lake sediment (2)
- Landslide (2)
- Language (2)
- Late Pleistocene (2)
- Methodology (2)
- Morphology (2)
- Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) (2)
- Neogene (2)
- Number processing (2)
- Numerical cognition (2)
- Nutrition (2)
- Obesity (2)
- Operational momentum (2)
- Organic solar cells (2)
- Ostracoda (2)
- Ostracods (2)
- Palaeolimnology (2)
- Plant functional types (2)
- Plasmodium falciparum (2)
- Prenatal stress (2)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2)
- Qaidam Basin (2)
- RIXS (2)
- RPA (2)
- Rangeland management (2)
- Resistance training (2)
- SNARC (2)
- SNARC effect (2)
- Sediment fingerprinting (2)
- Sentence processing (2)
- Sentence reading (2)
- Simulation model (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate (2)
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate (2)
- Subduction (2)
- Suspended sediment (2)
- Tense (2)
- Tight integration (2)
- Time-series analysis (2)
- ToF-SIMS (2)
- Trifluoromethanesulfonamide (2)
- Turkish (2)
- Virtualization (2)
- Vitamin A (2)
- WA-PLS (2)
- X-ray (2)
- Zooplankton (2)
- acceleration of particles (2)
- afforestation (2)
- ageing (2)
- arsenolipids present (2)
- attention (2)
- behavior (2)
- binaries: close (2)
- biodiversity (2)
- biomaterials (2)
- black hole physics (2)
- cAMP (2)
- carbohydrates (2)
- cardiopulmonary exercise testing (2)
- cardiovascular disease (2)
- cholesterol (2)
- climate (2)
- climate change (2)
- cod-liver (2)
- comparative subclause (2)
- coping (2)
- core (2)
- core-shell nanostructure (2)
- crowding (2)
- damage (2)
- dark matter (2)
- diabetic nephropathy (2)
- diffuse radiation (2)
- division of labor (2)
- dynamics (2)
- eating behavior (2)
- ecosystem services (2)
- electromyography (2)
- elementary particles (2)
- erosion (2)
- errata, addenda (2)
- fatty-acids (2)
- floodplain sedimentation (2)
- foraging (2)
- gamma-ray burst: general (2)
- hybrid materials (2)
- hypertension (2)
- identification (2)
- infection pathway (2)
- insect (2)
- interoceptive sensitivity (2)
- joint Simon effect (2)
- joint action (2)
- kidney (2)
- lake sediments (2)
- lifespan (2)
- magnetic fields (2)
- membrane (2)
- methods: numerical (2)
- middle childhood (2)
- modelling (2)
- models (2)
- new species (2)
- nonergodicity (2)
- organic solar cells (2)
- outcome (2)
- overweight (2)
- palaeoenvironmental proxies (2)
- phosphorus (2)
- physiological consequences (2)
- polyzwitterion (2)
- population dynamics (2)
- prediction (2)
- prevention (2)
- process modeling (2)
- propensity score matching (2)
- protein-protein interaction (2)
- quality management (2)
- random-walks (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- review (2)
- ruthenium (2)
- sediment dynamics (2)
- senescence (2)
- single-particle tracking (2)
- stakeholder participation (2)
- stars: abundances (2)
- stars: atmospheres (2)
- stars: rotation (2)
- stimulus-response compatibility (2)
- stochastic processes (2)
- surface relief grating (2)
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (2)
- suspended sediment (2)
- synthesis (2)
- tandem reaction (2)
- techniques: spectroscopic (2)
- tectonics (2)
- transcription factor (2)
- transcriptome (2)
- transition (2)
- visible-light (2)
- weak ergodicity breaking (2)
- zooplankton (2)
- (+)-Tephrodin (1)
- (Anti)aromaticity (1)
- 1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrosiline (1)
- 1,3-Dienes (1)
- 1,5-Dienes (1)
- 1/f noise (1)
- 17th century (1)
- 2AFC (1)
- 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (1)
- 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran (1)
- 3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes (1)
- 3,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1)
- 3-Oxo-14 alpha, 15 alpha-epoxyschizozygine (1)
- 35J70 (1)
- 3D electrode structures (1)
- 3D geovirtual environments (1)
- 3D geovisualization (1)
- 3D point clouds (1)
- 3D thermal model (1)
- 4 (1)
- 4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiasiline (1)
- 47A52 (1)
- 47G30 (1)
- 5-HT (1)
- 5-HT receptor (1)
- 58J40 (1)
- 6 alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toxicarol (1)
- 65R20 (1)
- 65R32 (1)
- 6H-SiC (1)
- 78A46 (1)
- ABA (1)
- ABC transporter (1)
- AF10 (1)
- AFM (1)
- AGN (1)
- AHP (1)
- ARF (1)
- ATP (1)
- Aboutness topic (1)
- Abscisic acid (1)
- Abstraction (1)
- Abstraktionsprinzip (1)
- Abundance from Large Sites) model (1)
- Acacia mellifera (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Accelerometer records (1)
- Acer platanoides (1)
- Acer pseudoplatanus (1)
- Acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases (1)
- Acheulian (1)
- Actin waves (1)
- Action Research (1)
- Active volcanism (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adaptive control (1)
- Adaptivity (1)
- Adsorbent (1)
- Adsorption kinetic (1)
- Advanced fetal programming hypothesis (1)
- Advection and convection (1)
- Adverbs (1)
- Affect (1)
- Affectivity (1)
- Affektivität (1)
- Affinity for CO2 uptake (1)
- Afghanistan (1)
- African Humid Period (1)
- Age of Revolutions (1)
- Age-depth modelling (1)
- Aging (1)
- Agrammatism (1)
- Agricultural management (1)
- Alaska (1)
- Alberta (1)
- Alborz Mountains (1)
- Alborz range (1)
- Aldehyde oxidase (1)
- Algeria (1)
- Algorithmic (1)
- Alienation (1)
- Alkohol Hilbig (1)
- Alltagsgespräche (1)
- Allylic oxidation (1)
- Alpine hazards (1)
- Altemate access model (1)
- Alternating polyampholytes (1)
- Alternative set (1)
- AmOctR1 (1)
- AmOctR3 (1)
- Ambivalence (1)
- American Indians (1)
- Amino acid (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Amorphous silica (1)
- Amphibolites (1)
- Amplitude death (1)
- Amylase (1)
- Anatolian plateau (1)
- Ancient forest (1)
- Animacy (1)
- Anisotropy of magnetic remanence (1)
- Antarctic glaciology (1)
- Antarctica (1)
- Anthropogenic biome (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Antifungal (1)
- Antimicrobial activities (1)
- Antimicrobial drugs (1)
- Antiviral (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Aptian (1)
- Aquifer systems (1)
- Ar-40/Ar-39 dating (1)
- Arabian Sea (1)
- Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi (1)
- Arc magmatism (1)
- Arctic lake sediments (1)
- Argument structure (1)
- Aromatic or quinonoid (1)
- Arsenic (1)
- Articulation duration (1)
- Artificial catchment (1)
- Artificial language learning (1)
- Artificial mixture (1)
- Asteraceae (1)
- Asymmetric basin (1)
- AtPAP2 (1)
- Atlantic Ocean (1)
- Attribution (1)
- Augmentation (1)
- Automation (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Auxin (1)
- B cells (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 0229+200, VER J0232+202) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 1959+650) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES1218+30.4) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (PKS 1424+240)-cosmic background radiation (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: lES 0229+200 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: lES 1101-232 (1)
- Bacterial communities (1)
- Badlands (1)
- Bagging (1)
- Basaltic ash-fall deposits (1)
- Base pairing (1)
- Baseline error (1)
- Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (1)
- Bat rabies (1)
- Batch processing (1)
- Bayesian brain (1)
- Bayesian estimation (1)
- Bayesian modelling (1)
- Bayesian networks (1)
- Bayesian non-parametrics (1)
- Bayesian statistics (1)
- Beech forest (1)
- Behavior therapy (1)
- Belowground herbivory (1)
- Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp czerepanovii (1)
- Bewertung (1)
- Bi-harmonic coupling function (1)
- Bifurcations of tori (1)
- Big five (1)
- Bilingualism (1)
- Bimanual probe (1)
- Binding assay (1)
- Binding pocket position (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Biochemical limitation (1)
- Biochemical profiles (1)
- Biogenic amine (1)
- Biogenic amines (1)
- Biolog EcoPlates (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomization (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biostratigraphy (1)
- Birth weight (1)
- Block copolymers (1)
- Blood flow resistance (1)
- Blowfly (1)
- Body composition (1)
- Body mass index (1)
- Body mass index reference values (1)
- Bodybuilding (1)
- Boron isotopes (1)
- Boundary value problem (1)
- Brandenburg (1)
- Brassinosteroids (1)
- Breast cancer (1)
- Breastfeeding (1)
- Broad-band seismometers (1)
- Broadband synchronization (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Buckingham-Darcy law (1)
- Bulbine frutescens (1)
- Bulk heterojunction (1)
- Bundesagentur für Arbeit (1)
- Bureaucracy (1)
- Bush encroachment (1)
- C-13 (1)
- C-13 chemical shift difference Delta delta(C C) (1)
- C14 (1)
- CO2 concentrating mechanism (1)
- Ca2+ (1)
- Ca2+ oscillations (1)
- Calcineurin (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Calvin-Benson cycle (1)
- Camellia sinensis (1)
- Campus (1)
- Canada (1)
- Canonical (Marcus) SDE (1)
- Canopy closure (1)
- Capacities (1)
- Capacity disorders (1)
- Cape Verde (1)
- Cappadocia (1)
- Carbene ligands (1)
- Carbo-Iron (R) (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon and oxygen isotopes (1)
- Carbon budgets (1)
- Carbon colloid (1)
- Carbon metabolism (1)
- Carbon nitride (1)
- Carbon pathway (1)
- Carbon substrates (1)
- Carbonate platform response (1)
- Cardiac function (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Carpholite (1)
- Casimir effect (1)
- Cassiamin A (1)
- Cassiamin B (1)
- Cassini (1)
- Catalan (1)
- Cation-exchange capacity (1)
- Cell expansion (1)
- Cell fusion (1)
- Cell polarity (1)
- Cellobiose dehydrogenase (1)
- Cenozoic climate transitions (1)
- Central European Basin System (1)
- Central-western Mongolia (1)
- Ceramides (1)
- Chain of van der Pol oscillators (1)
- Chaos (1)
- Chaperone (1)
- Chemical fractionation (1)
- Chemotaxonomy (1)
- Chick embryos (1)
- Childcare (1)
- Childhood adversity (1)
- Childhood nephrotic syndrome (1)
- Chlamydia-like bacteria (1)
- Chloritoid (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Chloroplast transcription (1)
- Choice deferral (1)
- Chromatin Accessibility (1)
- Cigarette smoke (1)
- Circular statistics (1)
- City (1)
- Civil Service Reform (1)
- Cladocera (1)
- Classical compartment model (1)
- Clay mineralogy (1)
- Clay-polymer nanocomposite - CPN (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Climate reconstruction (1)
- Climate variability (1)
- Clinical (1)
- Clinical study (1)
- Clinical trials (1)
- Cloud (1)
- Cloze probability (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Co-limitation (1)
- Coastal hazards (1)
- Coastal regions (1)
- Coastal sequence of shorelines (1)
- Cognitive behavioral intervention (1)
- Cognitive tropism (1)
- Coherence (1)
- Coherent phonons (1)
- Coiled coils (1)
- Colloid transport (1)
- Communication (1)
- Community-based modelling (1)
- Comparative Deletion (1)
- Comprehensibility (1)
- Computational modelling (1)
- Computational psychiatry (1)
- Concanavalin A (1)
- Conditional tense (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Confocal Raman microscopy (1)
- Conformational equilibrium (1)
- Congo Air Boundary (1)
- Conical zeta values (1)
- Conifer plantations (1)
- Consciousness (1)
- Conservation Biology (1)
- Conservation Genetics (1)
- Conservation biogeography (1)
- Consumer choice (1)
- Context awareness (1)
- Contextualized learning (1)
- Continental margins: convergent (1)
- Convex cones (1)
- Coordination (1)
- Copper Metal Complexes (1)
- Copper(II) (1)
- Corbicula (1)
- Corporate governance (1)
- Costs (1)
- Crack opening and closure (1)
- Cratons (1)
- Creep and deformation (1)
- Crop quality (1)
- Crop rotation (1)
- Cross coupling (1)
- Crosshole tomography (1)
- Crustal structure (1)
- Cryo-SEM (1)
- Cryptogams (1)
- Crystal structure (1)
- Cultural attitudes (1)
- Cuora (1)
- Cyclic GMP (1)
- Cyprinidae (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- Cytokinesis (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- Córdoba (1)
- DAQ (1)
- DATM (1)
- DDP-4 inhibition (1)
- DFB lasers (1)
- DHA supplements (1)
- DLS (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA origami (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DNA sensor (1)
- DPP-4 inhibitors (1)
- DRMAA (1)
- DRMS (1)
- DRP1A (1)
- DUF581 (1)
- Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations (1)
- Daphnia magna (1)
- Data acquisition (1)
- Database (1)
- Database approach to modelling (1)
- Dead Sea basin (1)
- Death-threats (1)
- Debris flows (1)
- Decay of eigenfunctions (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Decision-making (1)
- Decomposition (1)
- Decorated cones (1)
- Deep percolation flux (1)
- Degraded peat soils (1)
- Dehydration (1)
- Delayed recall (1)
- Demonstrative Clefts (1)
- Denali (1)
- Dendritic cells (1)
- Density (1)
- Dependent light scattering (1)
- Deposition (1)
- Depositional origin (1)
- Depression (1)
- Design (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Determinants (1)
- Deterministic finite state automata (1)
- Diacylglycerol (DAG) (1)
- Diastereomers assignment (1)
- Dickkopf 1 (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Dielectric materials (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Differential and algebraic equations (1)
- Differential equation (1)
- Differential invariant (1)
- Dimeric anthraquinone (1)
- Direct speech (1)
- Directivity (1)
- Dirichlet to Neumann operator (1)
- Dirichlet-form (1)
- Discontinuity surfaces (1)
- Discourse (1)
- Discourse comprehension (1)
- Discourse context (1)
- Discourse linking (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Distal tubules (1)
- Distributed 3D geovisualization (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Distributional analyses (1)
- Diterpenoid (1)
- Documentation (1)
- Dodonaea angustifolia (1)
- Dog growth (1)
- Domain-specific knowledge (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Doping attitude (1)
- Doping tests (1)
- Dormancy (1)
- Downscaling socio-economic scenarios (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- Droughts (1)
- Dual-task walking (1)
- Duration (1)
- Dynamic NMR (1)
- Dynamical X-ray theory (1)
- Dynamics and mechanics of faulting (1)
- Dyslexic children (1)
- E-learning (1)
- E-teaching (1)
- ECG (1)
- ELA (1)
- ELISA (1)
- ENFA (1)
- ENSO (1)
- EPA (1)
- ESI-MS (1)
- ESR (1)
- Early maternal care (1)
- Early warning (1)
- Earthquake ground motions (1)
- East Africa (1)
- East African Rift System (1)
- Ecological health (1)
- Ecological models (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Edough (1)
- Educational intervention research (1)
- Efectos regionales (1)
- Effect heterogeneity (1)
- Effet heterogene (1)
- Effets regionaux (1)
- Efficiency optimization (1)
- Eigentum (1)
- Einflussfaktoren (1)
- Einkommen (1)
- Element partitioning (1)
- Elite (1)
- Elliptic complexes (1)
- Embodiment (1)
- Emotional intelligence (1)
- Empathie (1)
- Empathy (1)
- Empirical ground-motion models (1)
- Empleo autonomo (1)
- Emulsification (1)
- Emulsion (1)
- Emulsion destabilization (1)
- EnMAP (1)
- Endangered species (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelin receptor antagonists (1)
- Energy crops (1)
- Energy intake (1)
- Energy metabolism (1)
- Energy-aware (1)
- English (1)
- Enlightenment (1)
- Ensemble Kalman Filter (1)
- Ensembles (1)
- Entrepreneurship (1)
- Entscheidungsfreiheit (1)
- Environmental DNA (1)
- Environmental sustainability (1)
- Enzymatic recycling (1)
- Enzyme Kinetics (1)
- Epigenetics (1)
- Equivalence (1)
- Eratosthenes Seamount (1)
- Error monitoring (1)
- Estrangement (1)
- Euler-Lagrange equations (1)
- Europa (1)
- European Union (1)
- Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention <1950 November 4> (1)
- Eutrophication (1)
- Evaluacion (1)
- Event mapping (1)
- Event processing (1)
- Evidentiality (1)
- Ex ante assessment (1)
- Exchangeable Ca (1)
- Excitable dynamics (1)
- Excitable systems (1)
- Exclusiveness (1)
- Executive function (1)
- Exercise therapy (1)
- Exile (1)
- Existenzgrundungszuschusse (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimental design (1)
- Extensibility (1)
- Extensional duplex (1)
- Externalizing behavior (1)
- Extracellular DNA (1)
- Extravasation rate-limited tissue model (1)
- Extremophilic green alga (1)
- Eye movements during reading (1)
- F-19 (1)
- F-test (1)
- FAIRE-qPCR (1)
- FAIRE-seq (1)
- FAP (1)
- FEM models (1)
- FKBP5 (1)
- FLN1 (1)
- FLNS (1)
- Fabry-Perot etalon (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- Fall risk (1)
- False discovery rate (1)
- Fast-priming (1)
- Fattening pigs (1)
- Fault linkage and interaction (1)
- Fauna (1)
- Female labour supply (1)
- Fermi golden rule (1)
- Ferrocene benzoboroxol biosensor (1)
- Ferrocene boronic acid (1)
- Ferroelectrets (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Fetal development (1)
- Fine roots (1)
- Finger counting (1)
- Finger-digit mapping (1)
- Finsler distance (1)
- Firm (1)
- First exit location (1)
- First exit time (1)
- First order PDE (1)
- First psychotic episode (1)
- Fist-Edge-Palm test (1)
- Fixation duration (1)
- Flavanone (1)
- Flavone (1)
- Floods (1)
- Flora (1)
- Floral Meristem (1)
- Floral Organ (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flower Development (1)
- Flower buds (1)
- Flower structure (1)
- Fluent aphasia (1)
- Fluid-rock interaction (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime (1)
- Fluorescent nanoconjugate (1)
- Fluvial processes (1)
- Focal mechanism (1)
- Focus group (1)
- Focus particles (1)
- Fokker-Planck equations (1)
- Folsomia candida (1)
- Food quantity (1)
- Forearc dewatering (1)
- Forecasting and prediction (1)
- Forelimb (1)
- Foresight (1)
- Forest ecosystem (1)
- Formalised scenario analysis (1)
- Formate dehydrogenase (1)
- Forschendes Lernen (1)
- Fossil DNA (1)
- Fourier amplitude spectrum (1)
- Fractional cover (1)
- Fractions with linear poles (1)
- Frail elderly (1)
- Frauenfreundlichkeit, Migrantenfreundlichkeit und Gleichheit der Teilhabe (1)
- Fredholm alternative (1)
- Fredholm complexes (1)
- Free carrier generation (1)
- Freshmen (1)
- Freshwater fish (1)
- Frontopolar (1)
- Fruit biology (1)
- Fruit ripening (1)
- Furnariidae (1)
- Future (1)
- Future tense (1)
- Futures research (1)
- Führungsverhalten (1)
- G quadruplexes (1)
- G-protein coupled receptor (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (1)
- GABA (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GLP-1 receptor (1)
- GMPE (1)
- GPER (1)
- GPR30 (1)
- GPS (1)
- GPS and Glonass (1)
- GSH (1)
- Galaxy: center (1)
- Galaxy: evolution (1)
- Galaxy: formation (1)
- Gamma ray astronomy (1)
- Gastropods (1)
- Gaussian Process regression (1)
- Gene duplication (1)
- Gene polymorphism (1)
- Generalization error (1)
- Genetic diversity (1)
- Geodynamic (1)
- Geotechnical parameters (1)
- Geothermal field (1)
- Geschichte 1600-1700 (1)
- Geschichte 1999-2009 (1)
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (1)
- Ghrelin (1)
- Girsanov formula (1)
- Glacial (1)
- Glacial buzzsaw (1)
- Gliomas (1)
- Global (1)
- Global attractor (1)
- Global inversion (1)
- Global sensitivity analysis (1)
- Gloxinia perennis (1)
- Glucose tolerance (1)
- Glutamate (1)
- Glutamine (1)
- Good modelling practice (1)
- Governmentality (1)
- Gradience (1)
- Grain for Green Project (1)
- Graph rewriting (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Great Britain (1)
- Ground motion and GPS (1)
- Ground motion prediction equation (1)
- Ground-motion models (1)
- Ground-motion prediction equations (1)
- Ground-motion-model (1)
- Groundedness (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Growth (1)
- Growth Regulate Factor (1)
- Growth zoning (1)
- Großbritannien (1)
- Gut contractions (1)
- H-1 (1)
- HESS (1)
- HP/LT metamorphism (1)
- HPA (1)
- Habitat preferences (1)
- Hard sphere model in the Percus-Yevick Approximation (1)
- Health literacy (1)
- Health-promoting compounds (1)
- Health-related quality of life (1)
- Heart rate variability (1)
- Heartbeat perception (1)
- Heat diffusion (1)
- Heat kernel coefficients (1)
- Heat transport by conduction (1)
- Hebbian learning (1)
- Heinrich events (1)
- Hellenic trench (1)
- Hemiporphyrazines (1)
- Hepatocytes (1)
- Herd size (1)
- Herd type (1)
- Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams (1)
- Heteroclinic cycle (1)
- Heterogeneidad del efecto (1)
- Heterogenitat von Effekten (1)
- Hexokinase (1)
- Hiatus (1)
- Hierarchical partitioning (1)
- Higgs boson (1)
- High osmolarity (1)
- High-cell-density culture (1)
- High-rate GPS (1)
- High-rateGPS (1)
- High-resolution spectrometer (1)
- Hispanistik (1)
- Histidine transport (1)
- Histone deacetylases (1)
- Historiography (1)
- History (1)
- History of Political Thought (1)
- History of Revolutions (1)
- Hominin (1)
- Homogeneous catalysis (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Huisman-Olff-Fresco models (1)
- Human (1)
- Human evolution (1)
- Hybrid solar cells (1)
- Hybridoma (1)
- Hydraulic fracture (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrological balance (1)
- Hydrological model (1)
- Hyperion (1)
- Hyperspectral remote sensing (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- Hysteresis index (1)
- IBC-grass model (1)
- ICF (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- IL-12 (1)
- IPCC (1)
- ISAF (1)
- ISM: bubbles (1)
- ISM: individual objects (Crab Nebula) (1)
- ISM: individual objects (LMC N11) (1)
- ISM: individual objects (SNR G338.3-0.0, SNR G338.5+0.1) (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Crab nebula (1)
- ISM: individual objects: SNR G1.9+0.3 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: SNR G330.2+1.0 (1)
- ISM: kinematics and dynamics (1)
- ISM: magnetic fields (1)
- IaaS (1)
- Identifiers (1)
- Idiosomic Si pool (1)
- Image classification (1)
- Imaging spectroscopy (1)
- Immunization (1)
- Implicit attitude test (IAT) (1)
- In-situ remediation (1)
- Incentives (1)
- Incoherent phonons (1)
- Index (1)
- Index of connectivity (1)
- Indian Monsoon (1)
- Indian monsoon (1)
- Indian summer monsoon (1)
- Indicator (1)
- Indicators (1)
- Indirect speech (1)
- Indirect test (1)
- Individual based simulation model (1)
- Individual-based model (1)
- Individual-based modelling (1)
- Indole (1)
- Indonesien (1)
- Induced seismicity (1)
- Indus (1)
- Inferno (1)
- Infilling (1)
- Inflection (1)
- Information form (1)
- Infrared radiation (1)
- Initiation (1)
- Innovation networks (1)
- Innovation und soziale Sicherung (1)
- Innovationen (1)
- Inorganic carbon accumulation (1)
- Inorganic phosphorus limitation (1)
- Insect (1)
- Insects (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Insulin signalling (1)
- Integrated Kalman filter (1)
- Integration (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Intercellular crosstalk (1)
- Interception (1)
- Interfacial equilibrium (1)
- Interfacial molecular interaction (1)
- Interfacial tension (1)
- Interferometry (1)
- Interior (1)
- Internal conflict (1)
- Internal pH (1)
- Internet (1)
- Interoceptive sensitivity (1)
- Intervention (1)
- Intracellular DNA (1)
- Intracellular signalling (1)
- Intraplate seismicity (1)
- Intraspecific variation (1)
- Intrauterine exposure (1)
- Introspection (1)
- Ionic Liquid (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Iron Age (1)
- Irrealis (1)
- Irrigation experiment (1)
- Isabena river (1)
- Isolations (1)
- Isometric feature mapping (1)
- Isothermal amplification (1)
- Isothermal nucleic acid amplification (1)
- Isotope Effect (1)
- Isotope dilution analysis (1)
- Israel (1)
- Issyk-Kul (1)
- Ito SDE (1)
- J68 (1)
- Janus drops (1)
- Japan (1)
- Job monitoring (1)
- Job submission (1)
- Juan Fernandez Archipelago (1)
- Judentum (1)
- Kabbala (1)
- Kaghan (1)
- Kalakuli Lake (1)
- Kalman filter (1)
- Kalman-Bucy Filter (1)
- Kapital (1)
- Kenya (1)
- Konversationsanalyse (1)
- Korean readers (1)
- Kreativität (1)
- Kuramoto model (1)
- L-cysteine desulfurase (1)
- L26 (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LIBS (1)
- LPS (1)
- Labor Administration (1)
- Lafora disease (1)
- Lagrangian modelling (1)
- Lake (1)
- Lake Bayan Nuur (1)
- Lake Holzmaar (1)
- Lake Kinneret (1)
- Lake Malombe (1)
- Lake Stechlin (1)
- Lake model (1)
- Land reform (1)
- Land use (1)
- Land use conception (1)
- Land use intensity (1)
- Land-use intensity (1)
- Landing position (1)
- Landscape genetics (1)
- Landslides (1)
- Langmuir layers (1)
- Language acquisition (1)
- Language change (1)
- Languages Model-driven engineering (1)
- Larger foraminifera (1)
- Larsen Ice Shelf (1)
- Laser fluorination (1)
- Laser resonators (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Last Glacial Maximum (1)
- Last glacial maximum (1)
- Late Holocene (1)
- Late cretaceous (1)
- Late positivity (1)
- Lateral flow (1)
- Latitudinal gradient (1)
- Leadership (1)
- Leaf (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lefschetz number (1)
- Lens (1)
- Leucos (1)
- Levant (1)
- Level Differentiation (1)
- Levy foraging hypothesis (1)
- Lexical tone (1)
- Lexical-semantics (1)
- Libet (1)
- Life span (1)
- Light verb constructions (1)
- Lignin: N ratio (1)
- Limited proteolysis (1)
- Linguistik (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Literatur Ost West (1)
- Litter raking (1)
- Little Ice Age (1)
- Live forensics (1)
- Local Group (1)
- Local density of states (1)
- Local magnitude scale (1)
- Local spectroscopy (1)
- Locomotion (1)
- Locus of control (1)
- Lonar Crater Lake (1)
- Lonar Lake (1)
- Lower Palaeolithic (1)
- Lupinus albus (1)
- Luria (1)
- Lutein (1)
- Lyapunov exponent (1)
- MAT (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MHD (1)
- MRSA (1)
- Macrophage-like phenotype (1)
- Macrophytes (1)
- Magnetic properties (1)
- Magnetosphere (1)
- Magnetostratigraphy (1)
- Maltose-modified PEI (1)
- Mammea usambarensis (1)
- Mammea-type coumarins (1)
- Management (1)
- Managerialism (1)
- Mandarin Chinese (1)
- Manifold (1)
- Markarian 421 (1)
- Mars (1)
- Masked priming (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mathematical model (1)
- Mating system (1)
- Maturation (1)
- Maxent (1)
- Maximal oxygen uptake (1)
- Mechanical properties (1)
- Mechanistic effect models (1)
- Media History (1)
- Media violence (1)
- Medieval Climate Anomaly (1)
- Mediterranean Europe (1)
- Mediterranean-mountainous (1)
- Mekong Delta (1)
- Mekong delta (1)
- Melt (1)
- Memory (1)
- Memory retrieval (1)
- Menarche (1)
- Mental Health (1)
- Mental disorders (1)
- Mental time line (1)
- Mental time travel (1)
- Mercury (1)
- Meta-analysis (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolome analysis (1)
- Metamorphism (1)
- Metaphors (1)
- Metathesis (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanogens (1)
- Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Method (1)
- Methode (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Michael addition (1)
- Microbial community analysis (1)
- Microchip (1)
- Microcystis aeruginosa (1)
- Microelements (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microparticles Reagentless assay (1)
- Microphthalmia associated transcription factor (1)
- Micropipette aspiration (1)
- Micropolarity (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Microseismicity (1)
- Microviscosity (1)
- Middle East (1)
- Military conversion (1)
- Millettia dura; (1)
- Millettia leucantha (1)
- Millettia oblata ssp teitensis (1)
- Miniaturized cultivations (1)
- Minimization (1)
- Mismatch Negativity (MMN) (1)
- Missions (1)
- Mitigation (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixing model (1)
- Mixing models (1)
- Moa (1)
- Mobile device (1)
- Mobile devices (1)
- Mobile learning (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Model comparison (1)
- Model complexity (1)
- Model ranking (1)
- Model transformation (1)
- Model validation (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modelling framework (1)
- Moisture-advection feedback (1)
- Molecular Probe (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Molybdenum cofactor (1)
- Molybdoenzymes (1)
- Monads (1)
- Monitoring language (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monsoon (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (1)
- Moringa oleifera (1)
- Morpho-syntactic feature (1)
- Morphological generalization (1)
- Morphological structure (1)
- Mosha Fault (1)
- Mossbauer spectroscopy (1)
- Motor performance (1)
- Movement (1)
- Multi-attribute decision-making (1)
- Multi-branch entrainment (1)
- Multi-variables (1)
- Multifunctionality (1)
- Multilayer graphene (1)
- Multilingual (1)
- Multimedia retrieval (1)
- Multimodality (1)
- Multiple light scattering (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiple zeta values (1)
- Multiplicative noise (1)
- Multiscale modeling (1)
- Muonic molecules (1)
- Myotis spp. (1)
- Mystik (1)
- N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) (1)
- N-azobenzylchitosan (1)
- N-methylnicotinamide (1)
- N-temperature model (1)
- N400 (1)
- NAO (1)
- NATO (1)
- NMR (1)
- NP-completeness (1)
- Nanograins (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanosensor (1)
- Naphthyridines (1)
- National Socialism (1)
- Natura 2000 monitoring (1)
- Natural dam (1)
- Natural hazards (1)
- Natural product (1)
- Natural satellites (1)
- Near East (1)
- Near-field thermal radiation (1)
- Nectar (1)
- Neoclassicismo (1)
- Neottieae (1)
- Nested scenarios (1)
- Network structure (1)
- Networked foresight (1)
- Neural activation (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- Neutral tone (1)
- Nianbaoyeze Mountains (1)
- Nicotinamide (1)
- Nicotine (1)
- Nitric oxide (1)
- Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (1)
- Non-fluent aphasia (1)
- Non-geminate recombination (1)
- Non-parametric regression (1)
- Non-scalar input factors (1)
- Noncommutative geometry (1)
- Nonlinear Laplace operator (1)
- Nonparametric statistics (1)
- North Anatolian Fault (1)
- North Tehran Fault (1)
- North-eastern Spain (1)
- Northeast Spain (1)
- Northern Europe (1)
- Norway (1)
- Novel word (1)
- Number marking (1)
- Numerical experiment (1)
- Nyctalus noctula (1)
- OCCI (1)
- OCP-Place (1)
- ODD protocol (1)
- OLI (1)
- OSL dating (1)
- Occupation quotient pi*/pi (1)
- Ocean (1)
- Oceanic anoxic event 1a (1)
- Oddball paradigm (1)
- Odorant compounds (1)
- Ohalo Site (1)
- Oil sands (1)
- Open innovation (1)
- Optical oxygen sensor (1)
- Optimism (1)
- Optionality (1)
- Oral anticoagulation (1)
- Oral anticoagulation therapy (1)
- Orbital forcing (1)
- Orbitofrontal (1)
- Orbitoides (1)
- Oryctolagus cuniculus (1)
- Other livestock (1)
- Out-of-core (1)
- Overland flow (1)
- Overweight (1)
- Oxygen and carbon isotopes (1)
- Oxygen heterocycles (1)
- Oxygen isotope compositions (1)
- PADILIH (1)
- PAN (1)
- PBPK (1)
- PCLake (1)
- PCR (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PIP2 (1)
- PIP3 (1)
- PIP3 signals (1)
- PMoA (1)
- PNIPAM (1)
- PQQ-GDH (1)
- PTEN (1)
- Pain (1)
- Palaeoclimatology (1)
- Palaeoecology (1)
- Palaeoliminology (1)
- Paleoenvironmental change (1)
- Paleohydrology (1)
- Paleolimnology (1)
- Paleoseismology (1)
- Palladium (1)
- Palmitate (1)
- Pamir (1)
- Panama (1)
- Pancreatic cells (1)
- Parafoveal (1)
- Paratope (1)
- Parents (1)
- Participant Orientation (1)
- Past (1)
- Patch clamp (1)
- Patient information (1)
- Patient self-management (1)
- Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (1)
- Pax6 (1)
- Perceptual span (1)
- Performance setting (1)
- Performanz von Gesellschaften im internationalen Vergleich (1)
- Pericytes (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Permittivity (1)
- Peroxidatic activity (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Person Categories (1)
- Personal Learning Environment (1)
- Personal unity (1)
- Personalentwicklung (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personalization (1)
- Personalized medicine (1)
- Perspective taking (1)
- Perturbative renormalization (1)
- Pervasive game (1)
- Pervasive learning (1)
- Pesticide transport (1)
- Phenological modelling (1)
- Phenylanthraquinone (1)
- Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photosensitive polymer film (1)
- Photosensitive surfactant (1)
- Photosynthesis (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physical fitness (1)
- Phytosterols (1)
- Pierson-Moskowitz spectra (1)
- Piketty (1)
- Pipistrellus spp. (1)
- Placenta (1)
- Planetary interior (1)
- Plasmid DNA production (1)
- Platelet (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Pleistocene/Holocene transition (1)
- Plume (1)
- Point-of-care (1)
- Point-of-care testing (1)
- Pointing (1)
- Polarization elements (1)
- Policy change (1)
- Political Inclusion (1)
- Political sociology (1)
- Pollen dataset (1)
- Pollen-climate calibration (1)
- Pollen-climate transfer function (1)
- Pollenkitt (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polygons (1)
- Polymer dispersions (1)
- Polymerized ionic liquids (1)
- Polypeptide (1)
- Polystyrene-divinylbenzene (1)
- Pooling analysis (1)
- Population Genetics - Empirical (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Porphyrins (1)
- Posthomerica (1)
- Potato (1)
- Potsdam <2013> (1)
- Precise Point Positioning (1)
- Precise point positioning (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) (1)
- Predictive coding (1)
- Preferential flow (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Press History (1)
- Preterm delivery (1)
- Preterm infant (1)
- Preventive therapy (1)
- Preview (1)
- Primary school (1)
- Probabilistic forecasting (1)
- Process domains (1)
- Process mining (1)
- Productivity (1)
- Profession (1)
- Programming language (1)
- Programming library (1)
- Projection (1)
- Projektion (1)
- Pronoun resolution (1)
- Pronouns (1)
- Prosocial behaviour (1)
- Protein kinase A (1)
- Proto-North Atlantic (1)
- Prunus avium L. (1)
- Pseudo-differential operators (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Public good game (1)
- Pull-Apart Basin (1)
- Pull-apart basin (1)
- Pulsed climate variability hypothesis (1)
- Punishment (1)
- Push-pull alkynes (1)
- Push-pull effect (1)
- Pyruvate kinase (1)
- Python (1)
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) (1)
- Quantitative regional plant abundance (1)
- Quantizations (1)
- Quantum Chemical Calculations (1)
- Quantum dots (1)
- Quasi-shuffles (1)
- Quintus Smyrnaeus (1)
- R11 (1)
- REE (1)
- REST (1)
- REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation (1)
- RNG (1)
- ROC curve (1)
- RP-HPLC (1)
- RPBF (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Radiocontrast media-induced nephropathy (1)
- Raman imaging (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Random vibration theory (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Rangifer tarandus (1)
- Ranking (1)
- Rapid learning (1)
- Rapid test (1)
- Rasa (1)
- Rate of compositional change (1)
- RbcL (1)
- Readability (1)
- Reading comprehension (1)
- Reading motivation (1)
- Reading strategies (1)
- Real-time earthquake monitoring and early warning (1)
- Realis (1)
- Recent forest (1)
- Reclamation (1)
- Recombinase polymerase amplification (1)
- Recursive transport equations (1)
- Reflexion (1)
- Regional ecosystem service management (1)
- Regional effects (1)
- Regional objectives (1)
- Regional-dependence (1)
- Regionale Auswirkungen (1)
- Regular variation (1)
- Reichtum (1)
- Reinforcement learning (1)
- Relative dose response test (1)
- Republicanism (1)
- Republikanismus (1)
- Resource management (1)
- Response Spectrum (1)
- Resurrection plant (1)
- Retina (1)
- RhB degradation (1)
- RhB photodegradation (1)
- RiPPs (1)
- Ring-current effect (1)
- Rings (1)
- Risk factor (1)
- Risk reduction (1)
- Risk tolerance (1)
- Road disturbance (1)
- Robust optimization (1)
- Rock magnetism (1)
- Role-play (1)
- Rom (1)
- Roots (1)
- Rules (1)
- Russian Arctic (1)
- Ruthenium (1)
- S1P receptors (1)
- SAUR (1)
- SERF1 (1)
- SLI (1)
- SOA (1)
- ST-1071 (1)
- ST-968 (1)
- Saccade planning (1)
- Saccade-target selection (1)
- Safety (1)
- Salinity (1)
- Salivary gland (1)
- Sampling strategy (1)
- Sarmarutilus new genus (1)
- Satellite geodesy (1)
- Scanning near-field optical microscopy (1)
- Schicksal (1)
- Schizophrenia (1)
- Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (1)
- Schizozygane indoline alkaloid (1)
- Schizozygia coffaeoides (1)
- Schule (1)
- Schutzstaffel (SS, Protection Squadron) (1)
- Schöpfung (1)
- Sclerochronology (1)
- Sea of Galilee (1)
- Seamless learning (1)
- Secondary metabolite (1)
- Security (1)
- Sediment Transport (1)
- Sediment budget (1)
- Sediment cascade (1)
- Sediment connectivity (1)
- Sediment monitoring (1)
- Sediment redistribution (1)
- Sediment transfer (1)
- Sediment yield (1)
- Sedimentary basin (1)
- Sedimentation rate (1)
- Seed traits (1)
- Seismic cycle (1)
- Seismic slip distribution (1)
- Seismicity (1)
- Selbststandigkeit (1)
- Selection and design (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (1)
- Self-efficacy (1)
- Self-employment (1)
- Self-regulated learning (1)
- Semantics morphosyntax interface (1)
- Semi-arid (1)
- Semi-arid savanna (1)
- Semiarid (1)
- Semiclassical analysis (1)
- Semiconductors (1)
- Senescence (1)
- Sentence comprehension (1)
- Sentinel-2 (1)
- Serotonin (1)
- Service-oriented architecture (1)
- Sexual aggression (1)
- Sexual dimorphism (1)
- Sexual victimization (1)
- Shell Bar (1)
- Shintani zeta values (1)
- Shuffles (1)
- Si fractions (1)
- SiO2 composite material (1)
- Sick Leave (1)
- Side effects (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Signaling (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Similarity (1)
- Sinai diffusion (1)
- Site amplification (1)
- Site-adequate land use (1)
- Situated cognition (1)
- Situatedness (1)
- Skeletal muscle cells (1)
- Slab break-off (1)
- Slatted floor (1)
- Slip rate (1)
- Slope-area plot (1)
- Smale - Williams solenoid (1)
- Smallholder (1)
- Smooth cones (1)
- SnAr reaction (1)
- SnRK1 (1)
- Social Differentiation (1)
- Social change (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil heterogeneity (1)
- Soil invertebrates (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (1)
- Source identification (1)
- Source mechanism (1)
- South Africa (1)
- South Pacific Gyre (1)
- Southern Africa (1)
- Soziale Integration und Befähigung zur Autonomie (1)
- Space geodetic surveys (1)
- Spain (1)
- Spatial autocorrelation (1)
- Spatial bias (1)
- Spatial scale (1)
- Spatial structure (1)
- Spatial-numerical association of response codes (1)
- Spatial-numerical association of response codes effect (1)
- Spatial-numerical associations (1)
- Spatial-temporal association (1)
- Species coexistence (1)
- Species diversity (1)
- Specific enzyme activities (1)
- Spectral unmixing (1)
- Speech Rhythm and Rhythmic Analysis (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) (1)
- Spin probes (1)
- Spinning drop (1)
- Splicing (1)
- Spoken language comprehension (1)
- Sprechrhythmus und Rhythmische Analyse (1)
- Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stable carbon isotope (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Stage-based model (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Start-up subsidies (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Statute (1)
- Stereochemistry (1)
- Steric hindrance (1)
- Steroid use (1)
- Sterols (1)
- Stimulus presentation (1)
- Stoa (1)
- Strandlines (1)
- Stratigraphy (1)
- Stratonovich SDE (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stress pattern (1)
- Strong-motion (1)
- Strong-motion data (1)
- Strong-motion records (1)
- Strong-motion sensor (1)
- Strontium isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Structural geology (1)
- Structural investigations (1)
- Structure revision (1)
- Style of faulting (1)
- Sub-zero temperature (Celsius) (1)
- Subarctic North Pacific (1)
- Subdivisions (1)
- Subduction fluids (1)
- Subduction input (1)
- Subduction zone (1)
- Subduction zone processes (1)
- Subject verb agreement in Turkish (1)
- Subject-verb agreement (1)
- Submarine sediments (1)
- Substrate specificities (1)
- Subvenciones a proyectos empresariales (1)
- Subventions de demarrage (1)
- Success (1)
- Sucrose responsiveness (1)
- Sugar efflux (1)
- Suguta Valley (1)
- Sulfur (1)
- Sulphoxide (1)
- Sumatran fault (1)
- Sun: UV radiation (1)
- Sun: chromosphere (1)
- Sun: filaments (1)
- Sun: magnetic reconnection (1)
- Sun: photosphere (1)
- Sun: solar radio bursts (1)
- Supramolecular compounds (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surface Relief Grating (1)
- Surface exudates (1)
- Surface relief grating (1)
- Surface treatment (1)
- Surface uplift (1)
- Susceptibility (1)
- Sustained negativity (1)
- Swift - Hohenberg equation (1)
- Swine (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Syllabic tone (1)
- Synchronization (1)
- Syntax-Discourse Model (1)
- Syntax-semantics interface (1)
- Synthetic biology (1)
- System architecture (1)
- T beta h (1)
- TEP (1)
- TK/TD modelling (1)
- TNBC (1)
- TRMM satellite data (1)
- TRX z (1)
- Tail (1)
- Tailings ponds (1)
- Taliban (1)
- Tandem solar cells (1)
- Taphonomy (1)
- Tarchonanthopria freidbergi (1)
- TeV gamma rays (1)
- Tea leaves (1)
- Team (1)
- Technical enzymes (1)
- Tectonic (1)
- Tectonic stress (1)
- Tectonic-climate coupling (1)
- Tectonics (1)
- Teilnehmerorientierung (1)
- Temperate deciduous forest (1)
- Temperate ecosystems (1)
- Temperate grasslands (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Template phase (1)
- Temporal grain (1)
- Temporal stability of soil water fluxes (1)
- Tense and aspect (1)
- Tephrosia purpurea (1)
- Tephrosia villosa (1)
- Tephrostratigraphy (1)
- Terminology (1)
- Terrestrial ecosystem development (1)
- Testudines (1)
- Tetrads (1)
- Tetraoxo[8]circulenes (1)
- Tetraphenylethene Bioassay Fluorescent dye (1)
- Th-232 (1)
- Theoretical calculations (1)
- Theory of social fields (1)
- Thermal behavior (1)
- Thermo-mechanical modeling (1)
- Thermodynamic modeling (1)
- Thermodynamic-geochemical modeling (1)
- Thermoelasticity (1)
- Thermoresponsive (1)
- Thimerosal (1)
- Thiol-X (1)
- Third generation sensor (1)
- Threatened species (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Through-space NMR shielding (TSNMRS) (1)
- Throughfall (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (1)
- Tien Shan (1)
- Tien Shan (western Central Asia) (1)
- Time series analysis (1)
- Tip-sample interactions (1)
- Titan (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Tool survey (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Transcription factor (1)
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) (1)
- Transfer function (1)
- Transform fault (1)
- Transformation tool contest (1)
- Transnational History (1)
- Transnationalization (1)
- Travail independant (1)
- Travel (1)
- Tree-ring (1)
- Trennungsprinzip (1)
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle (1)
- Tropical forest (1)
- Trunk muscle strength (1)
- Tso Moriri Lake (1)
- Tuber yield (1)
- Tumor suppression (1)
- Turkey (1)
- Turn-Constructional Units (1)
- Turnkonstruktionseinheiten (1)
- Twin arginine translocation pathway (1)
- Twisted symbolic estimates (1)
- Type I importer (1)
- Tyramine (1)
- UHP eclogites (1)
- UK (1)
- USA (1)
- Ubiquitous learning (1)
- Uighur (1)
- Ulcerate pollen (1)
- Ulmener Maar Tephra (1)
- Ultrafast dynamics (1)
- Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-visible Spectroscopy) (1)
- Umbilical artery Doppler (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Understanding (1)
- Ungleichheit (1)
- Uniform Access Principle (1)
- University Service Bus (1)
- Uranus (1)
- Urinary ET-1 (1)
- VHE (1)
- VMP1 (1)
- VO2mdx (1)
- Vadose zone (1)
- Valley fills (1)
- Van der Pol oscillator (1)
- Variables (1)
- Varroa destructor (1)
- Varying CO2 condition (1)
- Vegetation diversity indices (1)
- Verfügungsgeschäft (1)
- Verpflichtungsgeschäft (1)
- Verstehen/Verständnis (1)
- Verwaltungsreform (1)
- Video OCR (1)
- Video indexing (1)
- View navigation (1)
- Virtual 3D city model (1)
- Virtual camera control (1)
- Visual-world paradigm (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vitamin D (1)
- Vitamin k-antagonists (1)
- Volcanic activity (1)
- Volcano seismology (1)
- WKB expansion (1)
- Wacker reaction (1)
- Wage gap (1)
- Walking (1)
- Water and salt retention (1)
- Water depth (1)
- Water quality (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- Water yield (1)
- Wave propagation (1)
- Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (laser spectroscopy) (1)
- Weathering indices (1)
- Weights-of-Evidence (1)
- Whey protein (1)
- Wholeheartedness (1)
- Wohlstand und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Word boundaries (1)
- Word frequency (1)
- Word order variation (1)
- Workplace (1)
- X-radiography (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- X-ray switching (1)
- X-rays: general (1)
- X-rays: individuals: G15.4+0.1 (1)
- XAS (1)
- XES (1)
- XRF (1)
- Xanthine (1)
- Xanthine Dehydrogenase (1)
- Xanthine Oxidase (1)
- Xanthomonas (1)
- Xanthone (1)
- Xylanase (1)
- YUCCA (1)
- Yodzis-Innes (1)
- York River (1)
- Younger Dryas (1)
- Youth (1)
- Yukawa model in the Mean Spherical Approximation (1)
- ZnO (1)
- Zoonoses (1)
- [N-15]Anthranilic acid (1)
- [N-15]Indole (1)
- abdominal pain (1)
- ability grouping (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- absorbtion fine-structure (1)
- absorption (1)
- academic performance (1)
- acceleration (1)
- accommodation-space (1)
- accretion, accretion disks (1)
- acculturation (1)
- acinar-cells (1)
- acoustic monitoring (1)
- acoustic phonetics (1)
- acquisition of literacy (1)
- activation (1)
- active optical resonators (1)
- actively growing bacteria (AGB) (1)
- acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adduct formation (1)
- adenoassociated virus (1)
- adhesives (1)
- adolescents (1)
- adsorption (1)
- aerosol size distribution (1)
- affect misattribution procedure (1)
- age of acquisition (1)
- agency (1)
- aggression (1)
- aggressive norms (1)
- agricultural grasslands (1)
- aldehyde oxidoreductase (1)
- algorithms (1)
- allochthony (1)
- alpha-stable Levy process (1)
- alternative stable states (1)
- amino acids (1)
- amperometry (1)
- amphiphilic polymer assembly (1)
- analytic perturbation theory (1)
- anatexis (1)
- ancient DNA (1)
- ancient forests (1)
- angiotensin (1-7) (1)
- angiotensin II (1)
- animal personality (1)
- annuals (1)
- anomalous response and relaxation (1)
- ant mounds (1)
- anti-polyelectrolyte effect (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- anticancer drug (1)
- anticipation (1)
- antisocial (1)
- anxiety (1)
- aphasia (1)
- applied classical electromagnetism (1)
- argument structure (1)
- argumentation (1)
- arte tedesca (1)
- aryl diazonium salts (1)
- astronomy spectrograph (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- atlas data (1)
- atmosphere-only climate model simulations (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- atomic processes (1)
- attachment (1)
- attention shifting (1)
- audit quality (1)
- audition (1)
- auditory perception (1)
- augmented-wave method (1)
- autoimmunity (1)
- automatic processing (1)
- autonomy (1)
- available phosphorus (1)
- azobenzene (1)
- azobenzene containing photosensitive material (1)
- azobenzenes (1)
- bacterial community composition (1)
- baroclinicity (1)
- bat conservation (1)
- bat fatalities (1)
- behavioural plasticity (1)
- belowground biomass (1)
- benzaldehyde (1)
- betaine (1)
- beyond Standard Model (1)
- bilingual children (1)
- bilingualism (1)
- bimetallic nanoparticles (1)
- binaries: general (1)
- binaries: spectroscopic (1)
- binding (1)
- binding principle A (1)
- biochemical networks (1)
- biodiversity and ecosystem services (1)
- biodiversity loss (1)
- bioelectrochemistry (1)
- biogenic amine (1)
- biogenic amines (1)
- biogeographic provinces (1)
- biogeography (1)
- biomineralization (1)
- biosensors (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- bistability (1)
- bladder-cancer (1)
- block copolymers (1)
- body height (1)
- body mass (1)
- body weight (1)
- bonding layer at the metal/polymer interface (1)
- bootstrapping (1)
- boundary scavenging (1)
- box turtles (1)
- breccia (1)
- brewster angle microscopy (1)
- bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemistry (1)
- brownian-motion (1)
- bryophytes (1)
- bulk heterojunction (1)
- butterflies (1)
- cAMP receptor (1)
- cSSR (1)
- calcium (1)
- calcium phosphate (1)
- calicivirus (1)
- cambridge cb4 0wf (1)
- cambs (1)
- capital flows (1)
- captive breeding (1)
- carbon budget (1)
- carbon flux (1)
- carbon nitride (1)
- carbon pathway (1)
- carbon stoichiometry (1)
- carcinogen exposure (1)
- cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- carrion resources (1)
- cartographic design (1)
- case syncretism (1)
- catastrophizing (1)
- catchment scale (1)
- categorization (1)
- cations (1)
- cell-death (1)
- cellular signaling (1)
- cellulose (1)
- central Mongolia (1)
- central administration (1)
- certainty (1)
- channel steepness (1)
- chaos (1)
- charge carrier recombination (1)
- charge generation (1)
- charge transfer states (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chemoradiation therapy (1)
- chicken (1)
- childhood abuse (1)
- children (1)
- chitosan (1)
- chlimate impacts (1)
- chlorophyll (1)
- chromatin (1)
- chromoionophore (1)
- chronic illness (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- circulation (1)
- cis-regulatory elements (1)
- citizen science programme (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- climate change impact (1)
- climatic and tectonic forcing (1)
- clinical studies (1)
- cluster expansion (1)
- clustering (1)
- co-limitation (1)
- coastal flooding (1)
- cockroach salivary-glands (1)
- code generation (1)
- coefficient (1)
- coefficients (1)
- cognitive abilities (1)
- coherency (1)
- coherent phonons (1)
- coiled coil (1)
- colonization (1)
- colony decline (1)
- combinatorics (1)
- community effect (1)
- comparison (1)
- complementiser combinations (1)
- complication (1)
- compound detection or discrimination (1)
- compound production (1)
- computational molecular biology (1)
- computer aided dosage (1)
- conceptualization (1)
- condition-dependent mortality (1)
- conduct disorder (1)
- conductive polymer (1)
- confinement (1)
- conflict monitoring (1)
- confocal Raman microscopy (1)
- conjugated polymers (1)
- connectedness (1)
- conscripts (1)
- consecutive tests (1)
- conservation (1)
- conservation biology (1)
- conservation units (1)
- construction (1)
- continuous testing (1)
- continuous time random walks (1)
- control rates (1)
- controversial issues (1)
- convection (1)
- coordination (1)
- coronary artery disease (1)
- correlations (1)
- corticosterone (1)
- cosmic background radiation (1)
- cosmic rays (1)
- cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- cosmology: miscellaneous (1)
- cost and cost analysis (1)
- cost-benefit analysis (1)
- count data (1)
- counterterms (1)
- coupled oscillators (1)
- critical nutrient loading (1)
- cross-cultural (1)
- cross-cultural differences (1)
- cross-level interactions (1)
- crosslinked poly(propylene) (1)
- crosslinking (1)
- crystal structures (1)
- crystal twinning (1)
- cultural heritage (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- cyclic GMP (1)
- cyclization (1)
- cys-peptide (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cytokinesis (1)
- cytoplasm (1)
- cytosine methylation (1)
- cytosolic sodium (1)
- data analysis (1)
- databases (1)
- de novo synthesis (1)
- dead sorting (1)
- decision-making (1)
- decomposition (1)
- delayed fluorescence (1)
- delta O-18 (1)
- dendritic (1)
- density functional calculations (1)
- deposition (1)
- derivation (1)
- developmental task (1)
- developmental tempo (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diaspore (1)
- diatoms (1)
- diazonium coupling (1)
- dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) (1)
- diffractive elements (1)
- diffusion (1)
- diimine-complexes (1)
- diketopiperazine (1)
- dimensional (1)
- direct bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- direct matching (1)
- discourse prominence (1)
- disegno (1)
- display change awareness (1)
- display-change awareness (1)
- distance thresholds (1)
- distinctiveness (1)
- distributional effects (1)
- diurnal signal (1)
- dna coiling (1)
- dog (1)
- domain-specific APIs (1)
- domestication (1)
- dopamine (1)
- dose-response relation (1)
- drainage network expansion (1)
- driven diffusive systems (theory) (1)
- driving force (1)
- drought stress (1)
- drug monitoring (1)
- drugs (1)
- drylands (1)
- dyes/pigments (1)
- dynamic energy budget (1)
- dynamic reciprocal relationship (1)
- dynamic service binding (1)
- dynamics simulation (1)
- dyslipidemia (1)
- e-learning (1)
- eDNA (1)
- early Universe (1)
- early speech perception and later language performance (1)
- earthquake deformation (1)
- earthworm ecological types (1)
- echocardiography (1)
- eco-hydrological modelling (1)
- ecohydrological modelling (1)
- ecological risk assessment (1)
- ecological theory (1)
- economy (1)
- ecosystem function (1)
- ecosystem modeling (1)
- ecosystem processes (1)
- ecotoxicology (1)
- elderly (1)
- electric fish (1)
- electric organ (1)
- electrically switchable gratings. (1)
- electrodes (1)
- electron-phonon scattering (1)
- electron-transfer (1)
- electropolymerisation (1)
- electrostatics (1)
- elementary school (1)
- elite sport (1)
- elite sports (1)
- ellipsis (1)
- ellipsometry (1)
- embodied numerical cognition (1)
- emergentist framework (1)
- empathy (1)
- employment services (1)
- emulsion microscopy (1)
- encoding (1)
- endemicity (1)
- endosomal escape (1)
- energy transfer (1)
- england (1)
- environmental change (1)
- environmental impact assessment (1)
- enzyme reactions (1)
- eolian dust (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epigenomics (1)
- equation approach (1)
- error discovery (1)
- error management (1)
- error reporting (1)
- escherichia-coli (1)
- ethnic identity (1)
- europium complex (1)
- evapotranspiration (1)
- events (1)
- evidentiality (1)
- evolution (1)
- evolution of plastids (1)
- evolutionary theory (1)
- ex-ante impact assessment (1)
- excess energy (1)
- excimer UV light (1)
- excision-repair (1)
- excitation (1)
- excluded volume (1)
- executive function (1)
- exercise (1)
- exercise capacity (1)
- exhaustion (1)
- expert system (1)
- explosive force production (1)
- exponential decay (1)
- exposure (1)
- external dispersal (1)
- extinction (1)
- extinction debt (1)
- eye movement (1)
- eye-movement monitoring (1)
- eye-tracking (1)
- eyetracking (1)
- fNIRS (1)
- falling sphere viscosimetry (1)
- false discovery rate (1)
- family risk for SLI (1)
- fatigue (1)
- faulting behavior (1)
- feedback (1)
- feedback loops (1)
- feedbacks (1)
- ferroelectret (1)
- fetal programming (1)
- fingolimod (1)
- first passage (1)
- fish (1)
- flight search patterns (1)
- floodplain (1)
- floods (1)
- fluctuation phenomena (1)
- fluctuation-dissipation theorem (1)
- fluctuations (theory) (1)
- fluid inclusions (1)
- fluid intelligence (1)
- fluid-induced seismicity (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence imaging (1)
- fluorescence label (1)
- fluorescence photobleaching recovery (1)
- fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) (1)
- fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) copolymer (1)
- focal mechanisms (1)
- focus plus context visualization (1)
- folding kinetics (1)
- food approach (1)
- food contact material (1)
- food quality (1)
- food quantity (1)
- force (1)
- forecasting (1)
- foreland-basin stratigraphy (1)
- forest clear-cut (1)
- founder-cell recruitment (1)
- fractional dynamics (1)
- fractional dynamics approach (1)
- frameworks (1)
- frictional melt (1)
- fully concurrent bisimulation (1)
- functional genomics (1)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- functional senescence (1)
- functional traits (1)
- gait (1)
- galaxies: evolution (1)
- galaxies: formation (1)
- galaxies: fundamental parameters (1)
- galaxies: magnetic fields (1)
- galaxies: star clusters: general (1)
- galaxies: stellar content (1)
- galaxies: structure (1)
- gamma rays : stars (1)
- gamma rays: ISM (1)
- gamma rays: general(HESS J0632+057, VER J0633+057) (1)
- gamma rays: stars (1)
- gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 130427A) (1)
- gamma-ray burst: individual (MGRO J1908+06, VER J1907+062) (1)
- gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 100621A (1)
- gamma-rays: ISM (1)
- garnet (1)
- gas-phase (1)
- gastrocnemius muscle (1)
- gel network (1)
- gelatin (1)
- geminate recombination (1)
- gender (1)
- gene regulatory network (1)
- gene-environment interaction (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- gene-regulation kinetics (1)
- genera Rutilus (1)
- general learning model (1)
- genes (1)
- genomic dna methylation (1)
- geochemistry (1)
- geothermal (1)
- germination (1)
- gibberellic acid (1)
- giftedness (1)
- glacier flow (1)
- glacier variation (1)
- glaciolacustrine sediment (1)
- glaciological instruments and methods (1)
- glaciology (1)
- global change (1)
- global climate (1)
- glomerular filtration rate (1)
- glucan (1)
- glycoalkaloids (1)
- governance (1)
- grade skipping (1)
- grade-skipping (1)
- grain filling (1)
- grain size (1)
- grapevine (1)
- graphene oxide (1)
- graphite (1)
- grasslands (1)
- grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (1)
- green (1)
- green algae (1)
- ground-penetrating radar (1)
- groundwater lysimeter (1)
- group-living (1)
- habitat fragmentation (1)
- habitat islands (1)
- habitual and goal-directed system (1)
- health (1)
- health status (1)
- heart cycle (1)
- heartbeat perception (1)
- hela-cells (1)
- helium-4 (1)
- helping (1)
- hemocompatibility (1)
- hemoglobin (1)
- hepatic impairment (1)
- heterocycles (1)
- heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- heuristic concept (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high-precision gravimeter (1)
- high-pressure (1)
- high-resolution imaging (1)
- honey bee (1)
- host-plants (1)
- hot and cool executive function (1)
- human impact (1)
- human-cells (1)
- hybrid material (1)
- hydrodynamics (1)
- hydrogel (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydrogen (1)
- hydrogen peroxide (1)
- hyperbolic attractor (1)
- hyporheic zone (1)
- ice dynamics (1)
- ice-sheet modelling (1)
- ice-shelf tributary glaciers (1)
- iceberg calving (1)
- illustrazioni (1)
- image-based representation (1)
- imidazole (1)
- in-vitro (1)
- incoming word predictability effect (1)
- incretins (1)
- indicators (1)
- indigenous concept (1)
- induced malignant-transformation (1)
- inelastic properties (1)
- infant (1)
- infiltration patterns (1)
- infinite-dimensional diffusion (1)
- infrared: stars (1)
- inhibition (1)
- initio molecular-dynamics (1)
- inland waters (1)
- inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- instabilities (1)
- integral equation (1)
- inter- and transdisciplinarity (1)
- inter-rater variability (1)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (1)
- intermittent chaotic systems (1)
- international bureaucracies (1)
- international financial integration (1)
- international organizations (1)
- interoception (1)
- intracellular na+ (1)
- intracellular-transport (1)
- intrauterine (1)
- intrauterine fetal growth (1)
- inverse ill-posed problem (1)
- inverse scattering (1)
- ion exchange (1)
- ion optodes (1)
- ionic liquid (1)
- ionic liquids (1)
- ionic strength (1)
- ionophore (1)
- iron feature depth (IFD) (1)
- island biogeography (1)
- island biogeography theory (1)
- island ecology (1)
- isokinetic (1)
- isolation (1)
- isomerization (1)
- isotope effect (1)
- isotopes (1)
- iterated asymptotics (1)
- iterative regularization (1)
- jump process (1)
- juvenile plasticity (1)
- kardiologische Rehabilitation (1)
- kinetic models (1)
- knowledge integration (1)
- koronare Herzkrankheit (1)
- korperliche Leistungsfahigkeit (1)
- label-free biosensors (1)
- lactate (1)
- lactate threshold (1)
- lake eutrophication (1)
- lakes (1)
- land conversion (1)
- land use (1)
- land use functions (1)
- landscape planning (1)
- landslide (1)
- langevin equation (1)
- language acquisition (1)
- language contact (1)
- large sample size studies (1)
- large ungulate (1)
- large-scale structure of Universe (1)
- large-scale structure of universe (1)
- laser remote sensing (1)
- laser-enhanced nuclear fusion (1)
- late Holocene (1)
- late Quaternary (1)
- late bilinguals (1)
- latent change score (1)
- laterality (1)
- layered architecture (1)
- leaking (1)
- least favorable configuration (1)
- left periphery (1)
- lemma (1)
- leucine zipper (1)
- levy flights (1)
- lexical abilities (1)
- liberalism (1)
- life-history evolution (1)
- lifetime (1)
- lifetime microscopy (1)
- light responsiveness (1)
- light-verb constructions (1)
- linagliptin (1)
- line: formation (1)
- line: identification (1)
- lipid analysis (1)
- lipid monolayer (1)
- lipids (1)
- littoral zone (1)
- live (1)
- lonar lake (1)
- long chain base (1)
- long-time corrections (1)
- longevity (1)
- longitudinal (1)
- longitudinal design (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- loose programming (1)
- loss and damage (1)
- low-dimensional models (1)
- low-energy electrons (1)
- lower nephron (1)
- lung infection (1)
- lupin (1)
- lyssavirus (1)
- mAb disposition (1)
- macroITO (1)
- macroarray (1)
- macroecology (1)
- macrolides (1)
- macropore flow (1)
- macropores (1)
- magnesium (1)
- magnetic parameters (1)
- magnetic reconnection (1)
- maleimidophenyl (1)
- manganese (1)
- manifolds with corners (1)
- marine oils (1)
- marine-controlled source electromagnetic method (1)
- mass media (1)
- mass-spectrometry (1)
- maximal isometric contraction (1)
- maximal structuring (1)
- maximal subsemigroup (1)
- mechanical effects of light (1)
- media competence (1)
- media violence (1)
- mediation (1)
- medication adherence (1)
- melt inclusions (1)
- membrane analysis (1)
- membrane channel (1)
- membrane order (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory (1)
- mental chronometry (1)
- mental health-oriented work analysis (1)
- mental number line (1)
- meso-scale ecosystems (1)
- mesocosm (1)
- mesoporous materials (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolic device (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metabolome analysis (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metal coordination (1)
- metal-free photocatalysis (1)
- metal/multilayered graphene/polymer interfaces (1)
- methods: analytical (1)
- methods: data analysis (1)
- methods: observational (1)
- methylmercury (1)
- methyltransferases dnmt3a (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microemulsions (1)
- microfacies (1)
- microporous organic polymers (1)
- microsaccade (1)
- microsatellites (1)
- microseisms (1)
- microsites (1)
- mid-latitude Westerlies (1)
- migration (1)
- milton rd (1)
- mine waste (1)
- ministers and civil servants (1)
- mirror (1)
- mitochondrial DNA (1)
- mixtures (1)
- modal verbs (1)
- modality (1)
- model coupling (1)
- model interpreter (1)
- model transformation (1)
- model validation (1)
- model-based and model-free learning (1)
- modeling language (1)
- models at runtime (1)
- modern pollen (1)
- modern surface pollen (1)
- modern surface sediments (1)
- moisture variations in India (1)
- molecular analysis (1)
- molecular clock (1)
- molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- molecular rods (1)
- molecular-mechanisms (1)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monomer (1)
- monsoon (1)
- monte-carlo (1)
- motion discrimination (1)
- mountain birch (1)
- mousetracking (1)
- multi-agent simulation (1)
- multi-host-multi-pathogen interactions (1)
- multi-perspective visualization (1)
- multi-proxy reconstructions (1)
- multichannel Raman spectroscopy (1)
- multilayer graphene deformation (1)
- multiple stressors (1)
- multiple testing (1)
- multiple testing; (1)
- muscle architecture (1)
- musculoskeletal ultrasound (1)
- nano clay (1)
- nanobioconjugate (1)
- nanoclusters (1)
- nanogranites (1)
- nanostructured metal surface (1)
- narration (1)
- nation (1)
- native dialects (1)
- natural language generation (1)
- nematic phase (1)
- nested catchments (1)
- network reconstruction (1)
- neurodegenerative diseases (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- neurotoxicity (1)
- neutron radiography (1)
- new genus (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- nitrogen limitation (1)
- noise (1)
- non-Markov drift (1)
- non-native dialects (1)
- non-native speech perception (1)
- non-predatory mortality (1)
- nonequilibrium electrodynamics of nanosystems (1)
- nonlinear dynamical systems (1)
- noun phrase (1)
- nucleosome (1)
- number line (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- numerical ice modeling (1)
- obesity (1)
- obligate parasitic fungal pathogens (1)
- ocean acidification (1)
- oil (1)
- olivine (1)
- on-line processing (1)
- one dot two development signals (ODTDS) dot blot (1)
- onformational analysis (1)
- ontogenetic symmetry (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual: Quintuplet (1)
- operators with corner symbols (1)
- optical feedback (1)
- optical fiber bundle (1)
- optical pump X-ray probe (1)
- opto-mechanical stresses (1)
- optomechanical forces (1)
- order (1)
- ordination (1)
- organ growth (1)
- organic matter (1)
- organic photovoltaics (1)
- organic semiconductors (1)
- orthographic overlap (1)
- osmotic-pressure (1)
- out-of-sequence deformation (1)
- outcome measures (1)
- outflows (1)
- overland flow (1)
- oxidation (1)
- oxygen (1)
- oxygen dynamics (1)
- pH Dependence (1)
- pH dynamics (1)
- paediatric athlete (1)
- palaeoclimate reconstruction (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- palaeolimnology (1)
- paleoaltimetry (1)
- paleoelevation (1)
- paleovegetation (1)
- panorama (1)
- parafoveal preview benefit (1)
- parafoveal processing (1)
- parafoveal vision (1)
- parafoveal-on-foveal effect (1)
- part of speech (1)
- pathogen diversity (1)
- pathogen proneness (1)
- pathogen transmission (1)
- peptide engineering (1)
- peptidyl transferase (1)
- perception-action-coupling (1)
- perceptual span (1)
- performance diagnostics (1)
- periplaneta-americana (1)
- periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase (1)
- permafrost (1)
- permafrost carbon feedback (1)
- personality change (1)
- petrography (1)
- phase separation (1)
- phenprocoumon (1)
- phonotactics (1)
- phosphonic acid (1)
- photochemistry (1)
- photochromism (1)
- photoinduced radical polymerization (1)
- photon-counting statistics (1)
- photooxidation (1)
- photoperiod (1)
- photosensitive polymer films (1)
- photoswitches (1)
- phreatophytes (1)
- phycocyanin (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physical aggression (1)
- physical performance (1)
- physiological mode of action (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- pi-pi stacking (1)
- piezoelectrets (1)
- piezoelectricity (1)
- piezoelectricity-polarization relation (1)
- planar rotors (1)
- planetary nebulae: general (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual (A30 and A78) (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: Abell 48 (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: Stingray nebula (Henize 3-1357) (1)
- plant defense (1)
- plant functional types (1)
- plant-animal-soil-system (1)
- plasmas (1)
- plasticity (1)
- plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (1)
- platelet aging (1)
- platelet function (1)
- platelet rich plasma (1)
- platelet storage (1)
- platinum (1)
- plug-ins (1)
- plyometric training (1)
- polarization gratings (1)
- policy dismantling (1)
- policy transfer (1)
- political advisers (1)
- political responsiveness (1)
- politicization (1)
- pollen (1)
- pollen-beetles (1)
- poly(A) polymerase (1)
- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (1)
- poly(epsilon-caprolactone) methacrylate (1)
- polyadenylation (1)
- polyampholyte (1)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (1)
- polyesterurethane (1)
- polyesterurethanes (1)
- polyglucan debranching reactions (1)
- polymer (1)
- polymer micelles (1)
- polymer translocation (1)
- polymer/LC composites (1)
- polymerization (1)
- polymers (1)
- polyunsaturated fatty acid (1)
- population structure (1)
- pore pressure (1)
- pornography (1)
- positive correlation (1)
- post-polymerization modification (1)
- posttranslational protein translocation (1)
- postural balance (1)
- postural control (1)
- potassium (1)
- potential landscape (1)
- pragmaticalisation (1)
- pre-lexical processing (1)
- pre-participation screening (1)
- precipitation (1)
- predator-prey system (1)
- predictive systems ecology (1)
- preferential flow (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- preterm delivery (1)
- preview benefit (1)
- primary immunodeficiencies (1)
- proactive personality (1)
- probability (1)
- probability summation (1)
- process based (1)
- professional competency (1)
- project coordination (1)
- prolonged droughts (1)
- pronoun resolution (1)
- propagating surface plasmons (1)
- prosocial behavior (1)
- prosocial media (1)
- protactinium (1)
- protease inhibitors (1)
- proteasome (1)
- protein binding (1)
- protein design and selection (1)
- protein engineering (1)
- protein kinase G (1)
- protein quantification (1)
- proteinuria (1)
- proverbs (1)
- pseudotachylyte (1)
- psychometric functions (1)
- psychophysics (1)
- psychosocial development (1)
- public administration (1)
- pulsars : individual (PSR J2021+3651) (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J1907+0602) (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J2032+4127) (1)
- pulse shortening (1)
- pulsed resources (1)
- quality indicator (1)
- quality of life (1)
- quantum dots (1)
- quantum friction (1)
- quasars: individual: HS 1549+1919 (1)
- quasars: individual: PKS 0208-512 (1)
- quenched energy landscape (1)
- query optimisation (1)
- query rewriting (1)
- rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus epidemiology (1)
- radar imaging (1)
- radiation (1)
- radiative transfer (1)
- radio-echo sounding (1)
- random number generation (1)
- random processes (1)
- random walks (1)
- rapid detection method (1)
- rat (1)
- reactivity (1)
- reading speed (1)
- reanalysis (1)
- rearrangement (1)
- redox polymer (1)
- redox regulation (1)
- reduction (1)
- redundancy gain (1)
- reference (1)
- referential coding (1)
- referential effectiveness (1)
- reflexive resolution (1)
- register (1)
- registry (1)
- regression tree (1)
- reindeer (1)
- reinforcement (1)
- relational aggression (1)
- relative cycle (1)
- relative pollen productivity (1)
- relaxation NMR spectroscopy (1)
- relevant pollen source area (1)
- religion issue (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- renal dysfunction (1)
- renal impairment (1)
- renormalization Hopf algebra (1)
- repair (1)
- reproduction test (1)
- reservoir characterization (1)
- resistance training (1)
- resonances (1)
- resonant formation (1)
- response selection (1)
- restricted N-S rotation (1)
- retrieval (1)
- reward (1)
- reward anticipation (1)
- reward system (1)
- rheology (1)
- rhizosphere (1)
- rhythmic discrimination (1)
- ribosome (1)
- rice (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk factor (1)
- river networks (1)
- root depth distribution (1)
- root distribution (1)
- rooted trees (1)
- royal soc chemistry (1)
- rp-hplc (1)
- rupturing of metal film (1)
- rural (1)
- sacrificial bonds (1)
- safety efficacy (1)
- salivary gland (1)
- salt stress (1)
- sample preparation (1)
- samples (1)
- sandy soil (1)
- scalar fields (1)
- scale-dependence (1)
- school shooting (1)
- science (1)
- science park (1)
- screening (1)
- scrub typhus (1)
- sea level (1)
- sea-level rise (1)
- search optimization (1)
- seasonal environment (1)
- seco-Anthraquinone (1)
- secondary metabolite (1)
- secondary seed dispersal (1)
- sediment output (1)
- sediment supply (1)
- sediment-supply ratio (A /S) (1)
- self-adaptive software (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- self-assembly (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- self-healing materials (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- semantic preview benefit (1)
- semantic transparency (1)
- semantics (1)
- semi-arid (1)
- semi-arid area (1)
- semiclassical Agmon estimate (1)
- semiconducting polymers (1)
- semiconductor lasers (1)
- sensorimotor cortex (1)
- sensors (1)
- sensory input (1)
- sequence learning (1)
- service-oriented architecture (1)
- sex difference (1)
- sex1-8 (1)
- sexual aggression (1)
- sexual scripts (1)
- shape-memory effect (1)
- shear layers (1)
- shock waves (1)
- sick leave (1)
- sickness absence (1)
- side reaction (1)
- signal cross-talk (1)
- signalling (1)
- similarity (1)
- simplicity (1)
- simulations (1)
- single-file diffusion (1)
- single-molecule analysis (1)
- single-strand breaks (1)
- single-stranded-dna (1)
- skeletal muscle (1)
- skeletal robustness (1)
- small angle X-ray scattering (1)
- social behavior (1)
- social cognition (1)
- social domination (1)
- social interaction (1)
- social policy (1)
- sociality (1)
- socialization effects (1)
- sodium green (1)
- software evolution (1)
- software reference architecture (1)
- soil erosion (1)
- soil water distribution (1)
- soil-root interaction (1)
- sol-gel processes (1)
- solid-state nanopores (1)
- sonography (1)
- sorption (1)
- sorting task (1)
- spatial data infrastructure (1)
- spatial extent (1)
- spatial parameterization (1)
- spatial-organization (1)
- species density (1)
- species origin (1)
- species pair (1)
- species richness (1)
- species-area relationship (1)
- specific yield (1)
- spectral triple (1)
- spectroelectrochemistry (1)
- spectrogram (1)
- speech production (1)
- speech segmentation (1)
- sphingosine (1)
- splay faults (1)
- sport and race (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- standardization (1)
- starch and glycogen (de)phosphorylation (1)
- starch and glycogen metabolism (1)
- starch granule surface (1)
- starch phosphorylation (1)
- stars: individual: AM CVn (1)
- stars: individual: HD 164492C (1)
- stars: individual: SAO 244567 (1)
- stars: individual: xi Persei (1)
- stars: jets (1)
- stars: late-type (1)
- stars: mass loss (1)
- stars: variables: general (1)
- stars: winds (1)
- state-space model (1)
- stationarity (1)
- statistical copolymer (1)
- statistical learning (1)
- step-growth polymerization (1)
- step-up (1)
- sterol (1)
- stiff ODE (1)
- stochastic process (1)
- stochastic processes (theory) (1)
- storage-discharge relationship (1)
- storm tracks (1)
- stormflow (1)
- stream power (1)
- strength performance (1)
- stress (1)
- stress signaling (1)
- stretchability (1)
- stroke (1)
- structural ambiguity (1)
- structural case (1)
- structure elucidation (1)
- structured polynucleotides (1)
- structured process model (1)
- study design (1)
- study designs (1)
- subdiffusion (1)
- subduction zone earthquakes (1)
- substituent effects (1)
- success (1)
- sucrose responsiveness (1)
- sudden cardiac death (1)
- sugar (1)
- sulfobetaine (1)
- sunspots (1)
- super-intense laser pulses (1)
- supernovae : individual (CTB 87) (1)
- supernovae: individual: HESS J1818-154 (1)
- supported gold (1)
- surface (1)
- surface charge (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface modification (1)
- surface plasmon resonance (1)
- surface uplift (1)
- surveillance (1)
- sustainable development (1)
- switchable retarder (1)
- switches (1)
- synchronization (1)
- synchrony (1)
- syntax (1)
- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (1)
- systems (1)
- t-POM (1)
- talent (1)
- tamoxifen (1)
- task difficulty (1)
- tbx5 (1)
- teacher training students (1)
- team training (1)
- techniques: photometric (1)
- techniques: polarimetric (1)
- telbivudine (1)
- temperature (1)
- test-retest reliability (1)
- text comprehension (1)
- theory of mind (1)
- thermal effect (1)
- thermal stability (1)
- thermochronology (1)
- thermoresponsive materials (1)
- thimerosal (1)
- thin film (1)
- thio-dimethylarsinic acid (1)
- thioredoxins (1)
- thomas graham house (1)
- thorium (1)
- tight-binding (1)
- time interval reproduction (1)
- time random-walks (1)
- time-resolved (1)
- time-resolved fluorescence (1)
- tomato accessions (1)
- trafficking (1)
- training (1)
- trajectories (1)
- trampling (1)
- transdiagnostic (1)
- transfer functions (1)
- transformations (1)
- transformations of the public sphere (1)
- transformations on infinite set (1)
- translation (1)
- transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (1)
- transnational history (1)
- trivalent (1)
- tsunami hazards (1)
- tubular-channel polymer systems (1)
- turbulence (1)
- two-dimensional phases (1)
- type-III effector (1)
- typical steppe (1)
- tyramine (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- ultracontractivity (1)
- ultrafast X-ray diffraction (1)
- upconversion (1)
- upper critical solution temperature (1)
- upper mantle (1)
- urine (1)
- van Hove correlation (1)
- van der Waals interaction (1)
- varves (1)
- vegetation degradation (1)
- ventral striatum (1)
- ventricular myocytes (1)
- violence (1)
- violence in schools (1)
- violent media (1)
- visible light (1)
- visual perception (1)
- visual span profiles (1)
- vitro toxicological characterization (1)
- volcanic ontogeny (1)
- vultures (1)
- warfarin (1)
- water (1)
- water dikinase (GWD) (1)
- water storage (1)
- weathering indices (1)
- weight-based formulations (1)
- welfare state retrenchment (1)
- well-being (1)
- western blot (1)
- westernmost Tibetan Plateau (1)
- wetland (1)
- wh Questions (1)
- whole blood (1)
- whole-grade acceleration (1)
- wind energy (1)
- word categories (1)
- word-finding difficulties (1)
- work characteristics (1)
- work-related stress (1)
- working memory (1)
- working memory updating (1)
- working paper review (1)
- workplace (1)
- xanthophylls (1)
- yield enhancement (1)
- zinc (1)
- zoogeomorphology (1)
- zooplankton carcasses (1)
- zwitterionic group (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (227)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (214)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (213)
- Institut für Chemie (147)
- Department Psychologie (88)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (55)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (51)
- Historisches Institut (48)
- Sozialwissenschaften (47)
- Institut für Informatik und Computational Science (41)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (39)
- Institut für Mathematik (37)
- Department Linguistik (32)
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (21)
- Bürgerliches Recht (16)
- Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik (16)
- Institut für Romanistik (16)
- Institut für Germanistik (15)
- Öffentliches Recht (14)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH (13)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (11)
- Philosophische Fakultät (9)
- Department Erziehungswissenschaft (8)
- Klassische Philologie (6)
- Extern (5)
- Strafrecht (5)
- Institut für Künste und Medien (4)
- Institut für Jüdische Studien und Religionswissenschaft (3)
- WeltTrends e.V. Potsdam (3)
- Department Grundschulpädagogik (2)
- Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft (2)
- Fachgruppe Soziologie (2)
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (2)
- MenschenRechtsZentrum (2)
- Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät (1)
- Institut für Philosophie (1)
- Institut für Slavistik (1)
- Juristische Fakultät (1)
- Kommunalwissenschaftliches Institut (1)
Earthquake catalogs are probably the most informative data source about spatiotemporal seismicity evolution. The catalog quality in one of the most active seismogenic zones in the world, Japan, is excellent, although changes in quality arising, for example, from an evolving network are clearly present. Here, we seek the best estimate for the largest expected earthquake in a given future time interval from a combination of historic and instrumental earthquake catalogs. We extend the technique introduced by Zoller et al. (2013) to estimate the maximum magnitude in a time window of length T-f for earthquake catalogs with varying level of completeness. In particular, we consider the case in which two types of catalogs are available: a historic catalog and an instrumental catalog. This leads to competing interests with respect to the estimation of the two parameters from the Gutenberg-Richter law, the b-value and the event rate lambda above a given lower-magnitude threshold (the a-value). The b-value is estimated most precisely from the frequently occurring small earthquakes; however, the tendency of small events to cluster in aftershocks, swarms, etc. violates the assumption of a Poisson process that is used for the estimation of lambda. We suggest addressing conflict by estimating b solely from instrumental seismicity and using large magnitude events from historic catalogs for the earthquake rate estimation. Applying the method to Japan, there is a probability of about 20% that the maximum expected magnitude during any future time interval of length T-f = 30 years is m >= 9.0. Studies of different subregions in Japan indicates high probabilities for M 8 earthquakes along the Tohoku arc and relatively low probabilities in the Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai region. Finally, for scenarios related to long-time horizons and high-confidence levels, the maximum expected magnitude will be around 10.
The injection of fluids is a well-known origin for the triggering of earthquake sequences. The growing number of projects related to enhanced geothermal systems, fracking, and others has led to the question, which maximum earthquake magnitude can be expected as a consequence of fluid injection? This question is addressed from the perspective of statistical analysis. Using basic empirical laws of earthquake statistics, we estimate the magnitude M-T of the maximum expected earthquake in a predefined future time window T-f. A case study of the fluid injection site at Paradox Valley, Colorado, demonstrates that the magnitude m 4.3 of the largest observed earthquake on 27 May 2000 lies very well within the expectation from past seismicity without adjusting any parameters. Vice versa, for a given maximum tolerable earthquake at an injection site, we can constrain the corresponding amount of injected fluids that must not be exceeded within predefined confidence bounds.
We investigate spatio-temporal properties of earthquake patterns in the San Jacinto fault zone (SJFZ), California, between Cajon Pass and the Superstition Hill Fault, using a long record of simulated seismicity constrained by available seismological and geological data. The model provides an effective realization of a large segmented strike-slip fault zone in a 3D elastic half-space, with heterogeneous distribution of static friction chosen to represent several clear step-overs at the surface. The simulated synthetic catalog reproduces well the basic statistical features of the instrumental seismicity recorded at the SJFZ area since 1981. The model also produces events larger than those included in the short instrumental record, consistent with paleo-earthquakes documented at sites along the SJFZ for the last 1,400 years. The general agreement between the synthetic and observed data allows us to address with the long-simulated seismicity questions related to large earthquakes and expected seismic hazard. The interaction between m a parts per thousand yen 7 events on different sections of the SJFZ is found to be close to random. The hazard associated with m a parts per thousand yen 7 events on the SJFZ increases significantly if the long record of simulated seismicity is taken into account. The model simulations indicate that the recent increased number of observed intermediate SJFZ earthquakes is a robust statistical feature heralding the occurrence of m a parts per thousand yen 7 earthquakes. The hypocenters of the m a parts per thousand yen 5 events in the simulation results move progressively towards the hypocenter of the upcoming m a parts per thousand yen 7 earthquake.
Background: Protein kinases constitute a particularly large protein family in Arabidopsis with important functions in cellular signal transduction networks. At the same time Arabidopsis is a model plant with high frequencies of gene duplications. Here, we have conducted a systematic analysis of the Arabidopsis kinase complement, the kinome, with particular focus on gene duplication events. We matched Arabidopsis proteins to a Hidden-Markov Model of eukaryotic kinases and computed a phylogeny of 942 Arabidopsis protein kinase domains and mapped their origin by gene duplication.
Results: The phylogeny showed two major clades of receptor kinases and soluble kinases, each of which was divided into functional subclades. Based on this phylogeny, association of yet uncharacterized kinases to families was possible which extended functional annotation of unknowns. Classification of gene duplications within these protein kinases revealed that representatives of cytosolic subfamilies showed a tendency to maintain segmentally duplicated genes, while some subfamilies of the receptor kinases were enriched for tandem duplicates. Although functional diversification is observed throughout most subfamilies, some instances of functional conservation among genes transposed from the same ancestor were observed. In general, a significant enrichment of essential genes was found among genes encoding for protein kinases.
Conclusions: The inferred phylogeny allowed classification and annotation of yet uncharacterized kinases. The prediction and analysis of syntenic blocks and duplication events within gene families of interest can be used to link functional biology to insights from an evolutionary viewpoint. The approach undertaken here can be applied to any gene family in any organism with an annotated genome.
Coated vesicles provide a major mechanism for the transport of proteins through the endomembrane system of plants. Transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi involves vesicles with COPI and COPII coats, whereas clathrin is the predominant coat in endocytosis and post-Golgi trafficking. Sorting of cargo, coat assembly, budding, and fission are all complex and tightly regulated processes that involve many proteins. The mechanisms and responsible factors are largely conserved in eukaryotes, and increasing organismal complexity tends to be associated with a greater numbers of individual family members. Among the key factors is the class of ENTH/ANTH/VHS domain-containing proteins, which link membrane subdomains, clathrin, and other adapter proteins involved in early steps of clathrin coated vesicle formation. More than 30 Arabidopsis thaliana proteins contain this domain, but their generally low sequence conservation has made functional classification difficult. Reports from the last two years have greatly expanded our knowledge of these proteins and suggest that ENTH/ANTH/VHS domain proteins are involved in various instances of clathrin-related endomembrane trafficking in plants. This review aims to summarize these new findings and discuss the broader context of clathrin-dependent plant vesicular transport.
Downscaling of microfluidic cell culture and detection devices for electrochemical monitoring has mostly focused on miniaturization of the microfluidic chips which are often designed for specific applications and therefore lack functional flexibility. We present a compact microfluidic cell culture and electrochemical analysis platform with in-built fluid handling and detection, enabling complete cell based assays comprising on-line electrode cleaning, sterilization, surface functionalization, cell seeding, cultivation and electrochemical real-time monitoring of cellular dynamics. To demonstrate the versatility and multifunctionality of the platform, we explored amperometric monitoring of intracellular redox activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and detection of exocytotically released dopamine from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in both applications for monitoring cell sedimentation and adhesion as well as proliferation in the case of PC12 cells. The influence of flow rate on the signal amplitude in the detection of redox metabolism as well as the effect of mechanical stimulation on dopamine release were demonstrated using the programmable fluid handling capability. The here presented platform is aimed at applications utilizing cell based assays, ranging from e.g. monitoring of drug effects in pharmacological studies, characterization of neural stem cell differentiation, and screening of genetically modified microorganisms to environmental monitoring.
ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress.
ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene-environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior.
The study presents the first evidence of metamorphosed submarine ashes in the Edough Massif, in northeastern Algeria. It occurs below the greenschist-facies Tellian units that represent the thrusted Mesozoic to Eocene passive paleomargin of northern Africa deposited on thinned continental crust. The metamorphic complex consists of tectonically superposed units composed of gneisses (lower unit) and micaschists (upper unit). At the Cap de Garde, these units enclose an "intermediate unit" composed of micaschists and meter-thick layers of marbles, which are sometimes intercalated with amphibolites. The latter occur as discontinuous small lenses and layers. The amphibolites are parallel to the primary bedding of the marbles and the main foliation. Chemical markers and field observations indicate that they are metamorphic equivalents of basic igneous rocks. The lenticular character, low thickness and multiple intercalations with marine sediments and the unusual high lithium concentrations suggest subaqueous near-source basaltic ash-fall deposits in a marine environment. (C) 2014 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Stabilized multi-wavelength emission from a single emitter broad area diode laser (BAL) is realized by utilizing an external cavity with a spectral beam combining architecture. Self-organized emitters that are equidistantly spaced across the slow axis are enforced by the spatially distributed wavelength selectivity of the external cavity. This resulted in an array like near-field emission although the BAL is physically a single emitter without any epitaxial sub-structuring and only one electrical contact. Each of the self-organized emitters is operated at a different wavelength and the emission is multiplexed into one spatial mode with near-diffraction limited beam quality. With this setup, multi-line emission of 31 individual spectral lines centered around and a total spectral width of 3.6 nm is realized with a 1000 mu m wide BAL just above threshold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such a self-organization of emitters by optical feedback utilizing a spectral beam combining architecture.
The emission characteristics of a novel, specially designed broad area diode laser (BAL) with on-chip transversal Bragg resonance (TBR) grating in lateral direction were investigated in an off-axis external cavity setup. The internal TBR grating defines a low loss transversal mode at a specific angle of incidence and a certain wavelength. By providing feedback at this specific angle with an external mirror, it is possible to select this low loss transverse mode and stabilize the BAL. Near diffraction limited emission with an almost single lobed far field pattern could be realized, in contrast to the double lobed far field pattern of similar setups using standard BALs or phase-locked diode laser arrays. Furthermore, we could achieve a narrow bandwidth emission with a simplified setup without external frequency selective elements. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
Soils in various places of the Panama Canal Watershed feature a low saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) at shallow depth, which promotes overland-flow generation and associated flashy catchment responses. In undisturbed forests of these areas, overland flow is concentrated in flow lines that extend the channel network and provide hydrological connectivity between hillslopes and streams. To understand the dynamics of overland-flow connectivity, as well as the impact of connectivity on catchment response, we studied an undisturbed headwater catchment by monitoring overland-flow occurrence in all flow lines and discharge, suspended sediment, and total phosphorus at the catchment outlet. We find that connectivity is strongly influenced by seasonal variation in antecedent wetness and can develop even under light rainfall conditions. Connectivity increased rapidly as rainfall frequency increased, eventually leading to full connectivity and surficial drainage of entire hillslopes. Connectivity was nonlinearly related to catchment response. However, additional information on factors such as overland-flow volume would be required to constrain relationships between connectivity, stormflow, and the export of suspended sediment and phosphorus. The effort to monitor those factors would be substantial, so we advocate applying the established links between rain event characteristics, drainage network expansion by flow lines, and catchment response for predictive modeling and catchment classification in forests of the Panama Canal Watershed and in similar regions elsewhere.
Die staatsangehörigkeitsrechtliche Optionspflicht des § 29 StAG für in Deutschland geborene Kinder ausländischer Eltern, die jus soli die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit erworben haben, bildete eine der Kernfragen des letzten Bundestagswahlkampfes. Im zwischen CDU/CSU und SPD abgeschlossenen Koalitionsvertrag ist vorgesehen, dass für in Deutschland geborene und aufgewachsene deutsche Kinder ausländischer Eltern in Zukunft der Optionszwang entfallen soll und die Mehrstaatigkeit akzeptiert wird, während es im Übrigen beim geltenden Staatsangehörigkeitsrecht bleiben soll. Der Beitrag untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund und im Lichte der nunmehr insoweit vorliegenden Entwürfe die sich aus diesen politischen Vorgaben ergebenden staatsangehörigkeitsrechtlichen Regelungsoptionen und -probleme.
A wide range of basic and applied problems in water resources research requires high-quality estimates of the spatial mean of throughfall. Many throughfall sampling schemes, however, are not optimally adapted to the system under study. The application of inappropriate sampling schemes may partly reflect the lack of generally applicable guidelines on throughfall sampling strategies. In this study we conducted virtual sampling experiments using simulated fields which are based on empirical throughfall data from three structurally distinct forests (a 12-year old teak plantation, a 5-year old young secondary forest, and a 130-year old secondary forest). In the virtual sampling experiments we assessed the relative error of mean throughfall estimates for 38 different throughfall sampling schemes comprising a variety of funnel- and trough-type collectors and a large range of sample sizes. Moreover, we tested the performance of each scheme for both event-based and accumulated throughfall data. The key findings of our study are threefold. First, as errors of mean throughfall estimates vary as a function of throughfall depth, the decision on which temporal scale (i.e. event-based versus accumulated data) to sample strongly influences the required sampling effort. Second, given a chosen temporal scale throughfall estimates can vary considerably as a function of canopy complexity. Accordingly, throughfall sampling in simply structured forests requires a comparatively modest effort, whereas heterogeneous forests can be extreme in terms of sampling requirements, particularly if the focus is on reliable data of small events. Third, the efficiency of trough-type collectors depends on the spatial structure of throughfall. Strong, long-ranging throughfall patterns decrease the efficiency of troughs substantially. Based on the results of our virtual sampling experiments, which we evaluated by applying two contrasting sampling approaches simultaneously, we derive readily applicable guidelines for throughfall monitoring. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Atmospheric interactions with land surface in the arctic based on regional climate model solutions
(2014)
Fast actuation speed, large-shape deformation and robust responsiveness are critical to synthetic soft actuators. A simultaneous optimization of all these aspects without trade-offs remains unresolved. Here we describe porous polymer actuators that bend in response to acetone vapour (24 kPa, 20 degrees C) at a speed of an order of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art, coupled with a large-scale locomotion. They are meanwhile multi-responsive towards a variety of organic vapours in both the dry and wet states, thus distinctive from the traditional gel actuation systems that become inactive when dried. The actuator is easy-to-make and survives even after hydrothermal processing (200 degrees C, 24 h) and pressing-pressure (100 MPa) treatments. In addition, the beneficial responsiveness is transferable, being able to turn 'inert' objects into actuators through surface coating. This advanced actuator arises from the unique combination of porous morphology, gradient structure and the interaction between solvent molecules and actuator materials.
Our study presents the results of a moment tensor inversion of 19 microseismic events with M-L between 2.0 and 3.4, associated with the stimulation operation of an enhanced geothermal reservoir in Basel, Switzerland, in 2006. We adopt a three-step procedure to retrieve point source solution parameters based on full waveform inversion. The inversion is performed by fitting displacement amplitude spectra and displacement seismograms in the first and second step, respectively, assuming a double couple source model and thus obtaining focal solutions for all 19 events. Our results are in agreement with focal mechanisms from a previous study, which employed P wave first-motion polarities from more than 40 stations, whereas our solutions are achieved using full waveform data recorded by less than 10 surface stations. In the last step, a full moment tensor inversion is performed. The results from the moment tensor inversion show an improvement on the waveform fitting compared to the double couple models, which is verified by an F-test. We investigate the stability of the moment tensor solutions by employing different velocity models. The isotropic components of the moment tensor solutions of some events are not negligible, suggesting source volume changes due to fluid injection. Events with significant isotropic components occurred mainly during the stimulation phase and close to the injection well. On the other hand, events that occurred in the post-stimulation phase are predominantly pure shear failure and located further away from the well bore. These spatio-temporal patterns can be explained by the influence of pore pressure variations during and after the hydraulic stimulation at the geothermal site. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Changes in carbon flow and sink/source activities can affect floral, architectural, and reproductive traits of plants. In potato, overexpression (OE) of the purple acid phosphatase 2 of Arabidopsis (AtPAP2) resulted in earlier flowering, faster growth rate, increased tubers and tuber starch content, and higher photosynthesis rate. There was a significant change in sucrose, glucose and fructose levels in leaves, phloem and sink biomass of the OE lines, consistent with an increased expression of sucrose transporter 1 (StSUT1). Furthermore, the expression levels and enzyme activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) were also significantly increased in the OE lines. These findings strongly suggest that higher carbon supply from the source and improved sink strength can improve potato tuber yield. (C) 2014 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Low cost, large area, lightweight, stretchable piezoelectric films, based on space-charge electret with a foam structure (i.e., ferroelectrets or piezoelectrets), have been fabricated by using commercially available irradiation cross-linked poly(propylene) (IXPP) foam sheets. Piezoelectric d(33) coefficients are as high as 100pCN(-1). The piezoelectric performance in such IXPP films is well preserved for repeated strains of less than 10%. Piezoelectric d(33) coefficients are frequency independent in the range from 2 to 100Hz. Such new class materials may be applied in sensory skins, smart clothing, bio-inspired systems, microenergy harvesters, and so on.
We present a detailed analysis of time-and energy-dependent synchrotron polarization signatures in a shock-in-jet model for gamma-ray blazars. Our calculations employ a full three-dimensional radiation transfer code, assuming a helical magnetic field throughout the jet. The code considers synchrotron emission from an ordered magnetic field, and takes into account all light-travel-time and other relevant geometric effects, while the relevant synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton effects are handled with the two-dimensional Monte-Carlo/Fokker-Planck (MCFP) code. We consider several possible mechanisms through which a relativistic shock propagating through the jet may affect the jet plasma to produce a synchrotron and high-energy flare. Most plausibly, the shock is expected to lead to a compression of the magnetic field, increasing the toroidal field component and thereby changing the direction of the magnetic field in the region affected by the shock. We find that such a scenario leads to correlated synchrotron + synchrotron-self-Compton flaring, associated with substantial variability in the synchrotron polarization percentage and position angle. Most importantly, this scenario naturally explains large polarization angle rotations by greater than or similar to 180 degrees, as observed in connection with gamma-ray flares in several blazars, without the need for bent or helical jet trajectories or other nonaxisymmetric jet features.
Wer wird Vater und wann?
(2014)
Students beginning their studies at university face manifold problems such as orientation in a new environment and organizing their courses. This article presents the implementation and successful empirical evaluation of the pervasive browser-based educational game "FreshUP", which aims at helping to overcome the initial difficulties of freshmen. In contrast to a conventional scavenger hunt, mobile pervasive games like FreshUP, bridging in-game and real world activities, have the potential to provide help in a motivating manner using new technology which is currently becoming more and more common. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
According to Dooge (1986) intermediate-scale catchments are systems of organized complexity, being too organized and yet too small to be characterized on a statistical/conceptual basis, but too large and too heterogeneous to be characterized in a deterministic manner. A key requirement for building structurally adequate models precisely for this intermediate scale is a better understanding of how different forms of spatial organization affect storage and release of water and energy. Here, we propose that a combination of the concept of hydrological response units (HRUs) and thermodynamics offers several helpful and partly novel perspectives for gaining this improved understanding. Our key idea is to define functional similarity based on similarity of the terrestrial controls of gradients and resistance terms controlling the land surface energy balance, rainfall runoff transformation, and groundwater storage and release. This might imply that functional similarity with respect to these specific forms of water release emerges at different scales, namely the small field scale, the hillslope, and the catchment scale. We thus propose three different types of "functional units" - specialized HRUs, so to speak - which behave similarly with respect to one specific form of water release and with a characteristic extent equal to one of those three scale levels. We furthermore discuss an experimental strategy based on exemplary learning and replicate experiments to identify and delineate these functional units, and as a promising strategy for characterizing the interplay and organization of water and energy fluxes across scales. We believe the thermodynamic perspective to be well suited to unmask equifinality as inherent in the equations governing water, momentum, and energy fluxes: this is because several combinations of gradients and resistance terms yield the same mass or energy flux and the terrestrial controls of gradients and resistance terms are largely independent. We propose that structurally adequate models at this scale should consequently disentangle driving gradients and resistance terms, because this optionally allow sequifinality to be partly reduced by including available observations, e. g., on driving gradients. Most importantly, the thermodynamic perspective yields an energy-centered perspective on rainfall-runoff transformation and evapotranspiration, including fundamental limits for energy fluxes associated with these processes. This might additionally reduce equifinality and opens up opportunities for testing thermodynamic optimality principles within independent predictions of rainfall-runoff or land surface energy exchange. This is pivotal to finding out whether or not spatial organization in catchments is in accordance with a fundamental organizing principle.
As a part of searching for fully aromatic chelate compounds, copper complexes of malondialdehyde as well as its sulfur and selenium derivatives were investigated using the DFT quantum chemical methods. Chelate complexes of both Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions wereconsidered. Aromaticity of the metal complexes studied were analyzed using NICS(0), NICS(1), PDI, I-ring, MCI, ICMCI and I-B aromaticity indices, and by TSNMRS visualizations of the spatial magnetic properties. It seems that partial aromaticityof studied chelates increases when oxygen atoms in malondialdehyde are replaced by sulfur and selenium.
We combine data from the Spitzer Survey for Stellar Structure in Galaxies, a recently calibrated empirical stellar mass estimator from Eskew et al., and an extensive database of Hi spectral line profiles to examine the baryonic Tully-Fisher (BTF) relation. We find (1) that the BTF has lower scatter than the classic Tully-Fisher (TF) relation and is better described as a linear relationship, confirming similar previous results, (2) that the inclusion of a radial scale in the BTF decreases the scatter but only modestly, as seen previously for the TF relation, and (3) that the slope of the BTF, which we find to be 3.5 +/- 0.2 (Delta log M-baryon/Delta log v(c)), implies that on average a nearly constant fraction (similar to 0.4) of all baryons expected to be in a halo are "condensed" onto the central region of rotationally supported galaxies. The condensed baryon fraction, M-baryon/M-total, is, to our measurement precision, nearly independent of galaxy circular velocity (our sample spans circular velocities, vc, between 60 and 250 km s(-1), but is extended to v(c) similar to 10 km s(-1) using data from the literature). The observed galaxy-to-galaxy scatter in this fraction is generally <= a factor of 2 despite fairly liberal selection criteria. These results imply that cooling and heating processes, such as cold versus hot accretion, mass loss due to stellar winds, and active galactic nucleus driven feedback, to the degree that they affect the global galactic properties involved in the BTF, are independent of halo mass for galaxies with 10 < v(c) < 250 km s(-1) and typically introduce no more than a factor of two range in the resulting M-baryon/M-total. Recent simulations by Aumer et al. of a small sample of disk galaxies are in excellent agreement with our data, suggesting that current simulations are capable of reproducing the global properties of individual disk galaxies. More detailed comparison to models using the BTF holds great promise, but awaits improved determinations of the stellar masses.
Picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to investigate the electronic and structural dynamics initiated by plasmon excitation of 1.8 nm diameter Au nanoparticles (NPs) functionalised with 1-hexanethiol. We show that 100 ps after photoexcitation the transient XAS spectrum is consistent with an 8% expansion of the Au–Au bond length and a large increase in disorder associated with melting of the NPs. Recovery of the ground state occurs with a time constant of ∼1.8 ns, arising from thermalisation with the environment. Simulations reveal that the transient spectrum exhibits no signature of charge separation at 100 ps and allows us to estimate an upper limit for the quantum yield (QY) of this process to be <0.1.
Picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to investigate the electronic and structural dynamics initiated by plasmon excitation of 1.8 nm diameter Au nanoparticles (NPs) functionalised with 1-hexanethiol. We show that 100 ps after photoexcitation the transient XAS spectrum is consistent with an 8% expansion of the Au-Au bond length and a large increase in disorder associated with melting of the NPs. Recovery of the ground state occurs with a time constant of similar to 1.8 ns, arising from thermalisation with the environment. Simulations reveal that the transient spectrum exhibits no signature of charge separation at 100 ps and allows us to estimate an upper limit for the quantum yield (QY) of this process to be <0.1.
Realization of all-optically controlled and efficient DNA compaction is the major motivation in the study of interactions between DNA and photosensitive surfactants. In this article, using recently published approach of phase diagram construction [Y. Zakrevskyy, P. Cywinski, M. Cywinska, J. Paasche, N. Lomadze, O. Reich, H.-G. Lohmannsroben, and S. Santer, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 044907 (2014)], a strategy for substantial reduction of compaction agent concentration and simultaneous maintaining the light-induced decompaction efficiency is proposed. The role of ionic strength (NaCl concentration), as a very important environmental parameter, and surfactant structure (spacer length) on the changes of positions of phase transitions is investigated. Increase of ionic strength leads to increase of the surfactant concentration needed to compact DNA molecule. However, elongation of the spacer results to substantial reduction of this concentration. DNA compaction by surfactants with longer tails starts to take place in diluted solutions at charge ratios Z < 1 and is driven by azobenzene-aggregation compaction mechanism, which is responsible for efficient decompaction. Comparison of phase diagrams for different DNA-photosensitive surfactant systems allowed explanation and proposal of a strategy to overcome previously reported limitations of the light-induced decompaction for complexes with increasing surfactant hydrophobicity. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
Recently, photosensitive surfactants have re-attracted considerable attention. It has been shown that their association with oppositely charged biologically important polyelectrolytes, such as DNA or microgels, can be efficiently manipulated simply by light exposure. In this article, we investigate the self-assembly of photosensitive surfactants as well as their interactions with DNA by calorimetric and spectroscopic methods. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), standard micellization enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy were determined in different conditions (ionic strengths and temperatures) for a series of cationic surfactants with an azobenzene group in their tail. It is shown, that aggregation forces of photosensitive units play an important role in the micellization giving the major contribution to the micellization enthalpy. The onset of the aggregation can be traced from shift of the absorption peak position in the UV-visible spectrum. Titration UV-visible spectroscopy is used as an alternative, simple, and sensitive approach to estimate CMC. The titration UV-visible spectroscopy was also employed to investigate interactions (CAC: critical aggregation concentration, precipitation, and colloidal stabilization) in the DNA-surfactant complex.
Although several experiments reported rapid cortical plasticity induced by passive exposure to novel segmental patterns, few studies have devoted attention to the neural dynamics during the rapid learning of novel tonal word-forms in tonal languages, such as Chinese. In the current study, native speakers of Mandarin Chinese were exposed to acoustically matched real and novel segment-tone patterns. By recording their Mismatch Negativity (MMN) responses (an ERP indicator of long-term memory traces for spoken words), we found enhanced MMNs to the novel word-forms over the left-hemispheric region in the late exposure phase relative to the early exposure phase. In contrast, no significant changes were identified in MMN responses to the real word during familiarisation. Our results suggest a rapid Hebbian learning mechanism in the human neocortex which develops long-term memory traces for a novel segment-tone pattern by establishing new associations between the segmental and tonal representations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Ligands incorporating a tetraazamacrocycle receptor, a 'click'-derived triazole and a 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore have proven utility as probes for metal ions. Three new cyclam-based molecular probes are reported, in which a piperidinyl group has been introduced at the 4-position of the naphthalimide fluorophore. These compounds have been synthesized using the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition and their photophysical properties studied in detail. The alkylamino group induces the expected red-shift in absorption and emission spectra relative to the simple naphthalimide derivatives and gives rise to extended fluorescence lifetimes in aqueous buffer. The photophysical properties of these systems are shown to be highly solvent-dependent. Screening the fluorescence responses of the new conjugates to a wide variety of metal ions reveals significant and selective fluorescence quenching in the presence of copper(II), yet no fluorescence enhancement with zinc(II) as observed previously for the simple naphthalimide derivatives. Reasons for this different behaviour are proposed. Cytotoxicity testing shows that these new cyclam-triazole-dye conjugates display little or no toxicity against either DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells or MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells, suggesting a potential role for these and related systems in biological sensing applications.
In the current work, X-ray emission spectra of aqueous solutions of different inorganic salts within the Hofmeister series are presented. The results reflect the direct interaction of the ions with the water molecules and therefore, reveal general properties of the salt-water interactions. Within the experimental precision a significant effect of the ions on the water structure has been observed but no ordering according to the structure maker/structure breaker concept could be mirrored in the results indicating that the Hofmeister effect if existent may be caused by more complex interactions.
We demonstrate the emergence of a complex state in a homogeneous ensemble of globally coupled identical oscillators, reminiscent of chimera states in nonlocally coupled oscillator lattices. In this regime some part of the ensemble forms a regularly evolving cluster, while all other units irregularly oscillate and remain asynchronous. We argue that the chimera emerges because of effective bistability, which dynamically appears in the originally monostable system due to internal delayed feedback in individual units. Additionally, we present two examples of chimeras in bistable systems with frequency-dependent phase shift in the global coupling.
For the first time the direct electron transfer of an enzyme - cellobiose dehydrogenase, CDH - has been coupled with the hexokinase catalyzed competition for glucose in a sensor for ATP. To enhance the signal output for ATP, pyruvate kinase was coimmobilized to recycle ADP by the phosphoenolpyruvate driven reaction. The new sensor overcomes the limit of 1:1 stoichiometry of the sequential or competitive conversion of ATP by effective enzymatic recycling of the analyte. The anodic oxidation of the glucose converting CDH proceeds at electrode potentials below 0 mV vs. Ag vertical bar AgCl thus potentially interfering substances like ascorbic acid or catecholamines do not influence the measuring signal. The combination of direct electron transfer of CDH with the enzymatic recycling results in an interference-free and oxygen-independent measurement of ATP in the lower mu molar concentration range with a lower limit of detection of 63.3 nM (S/N=3).
We present an electrochemical MIP sensor for tamoxifen (TAM)-a nonsteroidal anti-estrogen-which is based on the electropolymerisation of an O-phenylenediamine. resorcinol mixture directly on the electrode surface in the presence of the template molecule. Up to now only. bulk. MIPs for TAM have been described in literature, which are applied for separation in chromatography columns. Electro-polymerisation of the monomers in the presence of TAM generated a film which completely suppressed the reduction of ferricyanide. Removal of the template gave a markedly increased ferricyanide signal, which was again suppressed after rebinding as expected for filling of the cavities by target binding. The decrease of the ferricyanide peak of the MIP electrode depended linearly on the TAM concentration between 1 and 100 nM. The TAM-imprinted electrode showed a 2.3 times higher recognition of the template molecule itself as compared to its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen and no cross-reactivity with the anticancer drug doxorubucin was found. Measurements at + 1.1 V caused a fouling of the electrode surface, whilst pretreatment of TAM with peroxide in presence of HRP generated an oxidation product which was reducible at 0 mV, thus circumventing the polymer formation and electrochemical interferences.
Text displayed in a video is an essential part for the high-level semantic information of the video content. Therefore, video text can be used as a valuable source for automated video indexing in digital video libraries. In this paper, we propose a workflow for video text detection and recognition. In the text detection stage, we have developed a fast localization-verification scheme, in which an edge-based multi-scale text detector first identifies potential text candidates with high recall rate. Then, detected candidate text lines are refined by using an image entropy-based filter. Finally, Stroke Width Transform (SWT)- and Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based verification procedures are applied to eliminate the false alarms. For text recognition, we have developed a novel skeleton-based binarization method in order to separate text from complex backgrounds to make it processible for standard OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software. Operability and accuracy of proposed text detection and binarization methods have been evaluated by using publicly available test data sets.
Aims:This study aims to investigate the relationship between plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations, ET-1 gene polymorphisms in loci rs5370, rs1630736, 3A/4A and clinical features of primary nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children.
Materials and methods: Thirty-six children with primary NS were selected as case group, and 94 healthy children were selected as control group. All subjects were genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs5370, rs10478694 [3A4A) and rs 1630736) in the ET-1 gene by gene sequencing. The plasma ET-1 concentrations were measured using a radio-immunoassay.
Key findings: Plasma ET-1 concentrations were higher in NS patients (P = 0.007) as compared to healthy children. The allele frequencies between control and NS patients were significantly different only with respect to the rs10478694 SNP of the ET-1 gene. The allele frequencies between control and NS patients for the rs5370 SNP showed a trend towards difference (P = 0.057). Plasma cholesterol in NS patients is associated with both: the Cl genotype in locus rs5370 and the 3A4A genotype in locus rs10478694 (P < 0.05 in both cases).
Significance: The ET systems might play a disease modifying role in pediatric NS. Plasma cholesterol, a hallmark of NS. seems to be associated with genetic variations within the human ET-1 gene. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
It is generally accepted that low-level features (e.g., inter-word spaces) are responsible for saccade-target selection in eye-movement control during reading. In two experiments using Uighur script known for its rich suffixes, we demonstrate that, in addition to word length and launch site, the number of suffixes influences initial landing positions. We also demonstrate an influence of word frequency. These results are difficult to explain purely by low-level guidance of eye movements and indicate that due to properties specific to Uighur script low-level visual information and high-level information such as morphological structure of parafoveal words jointly influence saccade programming. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The current study examined effects of syllable articulation on eye movements during the silent reading of Chinese sentences, which contained two types of two-character target words whose second characters were subject to dialect-specific variation. In one condition the second syllable was articulated with a neutral tone for northern-dialect Chinese speakers and with a full tone for southern-dialect Chinese speakers (neutral-tone target words) and in the other condition the second syllable was articulated with a full tone irrespective of readers' dialect type (full-tone target words). Native speakers of northern and southern Chinese dialects were recruited in Experiment 1 to examine the effect of dialect-specific articulation on silent reading. Recordings of their eye movements revealed shorter viewing durations for neutral- than for full-tone target words only for speakers of northern but not for southern dialects, indicating that dialect-specific articulation of syllabic tone influenced visual word recognition. Experiment 2 replicated the syllabic tone effect for speakers of northern dialects, and the use of gaze-contingent display changes further revealed that these readers processed an upcoming parafoveal word less effectively when a neutral- than when a full-tone target was fixated. Shorter viewing duration for neutral-tone words thus cannot be attributed to their easier lexical processing; instead, tonal effects appear to reflect Chinese readers' simulated articulation of to-be-recognized words during silent reading. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Green algae are of great economic importance. Seaweed is consumed fresh or as seasoning in Japan. The commercial value is determined by quality, color, and flavor and is also strongly influenced by the production area. Our research, based on solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), has revealed that volatile compounds differ intensely in the four varieties of commercial green algae. Accordingly, 41 major volatile compounds were identified. Heptadecene was the most abundant compound from Okayama (Ulva prolifera), Tokushima (Ulva prolifera), and Ehime prefecture (Ulva linza). Apocarotenoids, such as ionones, and their derivatives were prominent volatiles in algae from Okayama (Ulva prolifera) and Tokushima prefecture (Ulva prolifera). Volatile, short chained apocarotenoids are among the most potent flavor components and contribute to the flavor of fresh, processed algae, and algae-based products. Benzaldehyde was predominant in seaweed from Shizuoka prefecture (Monostroma nitidum). Multivariant statistical analysis (PCA) enabled simple discrimination of the samples based on their volatile profiles. This work shows the potential of SPME-GC-MS coupled with multivariant analysis to discriminate between samples of different geographical and botanical origins and form the basis for development of authentication methods of green algae products, including seasonings.
In this paper, we report on differences in the response of photosensitive azobenzene containing films upon irradiation with the intensity or polarization interference patterns. Two materials are studied differing in the molecular weight: an azobenzene-containing polymer and a molecular glass formed from a much smaller molecule consisting of three connected azobenzene units. Topography changes occurring along with the changes in irradiation conditions are recorded using a homemade set-up combining an optical part for generation and shaping of interference patterns and an atomic force microscope for acquiring the kinetics of film deformation. In this way, we could reveal the unique behavior of photosensitive materials during the first few minutes of irradiation: the change in topography is initially driven by an increase in the azobenzene free volume along with the transcis isomerization, followed by the mass transport finally resulting in the surface relief grating. This study demonstrates the great potential of our setup to experimentally highlight puzzling processes governing the formation of surface relief gratings. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
Azo-modified photosensitive polymers offer the interesting possibility to reshape bulk polymers and thin films by UV-irradiation while being in the solid glassy state. The polymer undergoes considerable mass transport under irradiation with a light interference pattern resulting in the formation of surface relief grating (SRG). The forces inscribing this SRG pattern into a thin film are hard to assess experimentally directly. In the current study, we are proposing a method to probe opto-mechanical stresses within polymer films by characterizing the mechanical response of thin metal films (10 nm) deposited on the photosensitive polymer. During irradiation, the metal film not only deforms along with the SRG formation but ruptures in a regular and complex manner. The morphology of the cracks differs strongly depending on the electrical field distribution in the interference pattern, even when the magnitude and the kinetics of the strain are kept constant. This implies a complex local distribution of the opto-mechanical stress along the topography grating. In addition, the neutron reflectivity measurements of the metal/polymer interface indicate the penetration of a metal layer within the polymer, resulting in a formation of a bonding layer that confirms the transduction of light-induced stresses in the polymer layer to a metal film.
The Relative Pollen Productivities (RPPs) of common steppe species are estimated using Extended R-value (ERV) model based on pollen analysis and vegetation survey of 30 surface soil samples from typical steppe area of northern China. Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Asteraceae are the dominant pollen types in pollen assemblages, reflecting the typical steppe communities well. The five dominant pollen types and six common types (Thalictrum, Iridaceae, Potentilla, Ephedra, Brassicaceae, and Ulmus) have strong wind transport abilities; the estimated Relevant Source Area of Pollen (RSAP) is ca. 1000 m when the sediment basin radius is set at 0.5 m. Ulmus, Artemisia, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Thalictrum have relative high RPPs; Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Potentilla, and Ephedra pollen have moderate RPPs; Asteraceae and Iridaceae have low RPPs. The reliability test of RPPs revealed that most of the RPPs are reliable in past vegetation reconstruction. However, the RPPs of Asteraceae and Iridaceae are obviously underestimated, and those of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Ephedra are either slightly underestimated or slightly overestimated, suggesting that those RPPs should be considered with caution. These RPPs were applied to estimating plant abundances for two fossil pollen spectra (from the Lake Bayanchagan and Lake Haoluku) covering the Holocene in typical steppe area, using the "Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites" (REVEALS) model. The RPPs-based vegetation reconstruction revealed that meadow-steppe dominated by Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Artemisia plants flourished in this area before 6500-5600 cal yr BP, and then was replaced by present typical steppe.
Herein, we report the use of upconversion agents to modify graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by direct thermal condensation of a mixture of ErCl3 center dot 6H(2)O and the supramolecular precursor cyanuric acid-melamine. We show the enhancement of g-C3N4 photoactivity after Er3+ doping by monitoring the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye under visible light. The contribution of the upconversion agent is demonstrated by measurements using only a red laser. The Er3+ doping alters both the electronic and the chemical properties of g-C3N4. The Er3+ doping reduces emission intensity and lifetime, indicating the formation of new, nonradiative deactivation pathways, probably involving charge-transfer processes.
Herein we report a general liquid-mediated pathway for the growth of continuous polymeric carbon nitride (C3N4) thin films. The deposition method consists of the use of supramolecular complexes that transform to the liquid state before direct thermal condensation into C3N4 solid films. The resulting films exhibit continuous porous C3N4 networks on various substrates. Moreover, the optical absorption can be easily tuned to cover the solar spectrum by the insertion of an additional molecule into the starting complex. The strength of the deposition method is demonstrated by the use of the C3N4 layer as the electron acceptor in a polymer solar cell that exhibits a remarkable open-circuit voltage exceeding 1 V. The easy, safe, and direct synthesis of carbon nitride in a continuous layered architecture on different functional substrates opens new possibilities for the fabrication of many energy-related devices.
The large-scale green synthesis of graphene-type two-dimensional materials is still challenging. Herein, we describe the ionothermal synthesis of carbon-based composites from fructose in the iron-containing ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloridoferrate(III), [Bmim][FeCl4] serving as solvent, catalyst, and template for product formation. The resulting composites consist of oligo-layer graphite nanoflakes and iron carbide particles. The mesoporosity, strong magnetic moment, and high specific surface area of the composites make them attractive for water purification with facile magnetic separation. Moreover, Fe3Cfree graphite can be obtained via acid etching, providing access to fairly large amounts of graphite material. The current approach is versatile and scalable, and thus opens the door to ionothermal synthesis towards the larger-scale synthesis of materials that are, although not made via a sustainable process, useful for water treatment such as the removal of organic molecules.
Transparent, ion-conducting, and flexible ionogels based on the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide [Bmim][N(Tf)(2)], the dye-IL (DIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl orange [Bmim][MO], and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) are prepared. Upon IL incorporation the thermal stability of the PMMA matrix significantly increases from 220 to 280 degrees C. The ionogels have a relatively high ionic conductivity of 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 373 K. Most importantly, the ionogels exhibit a strong and reversible color change when exposed to aqueous or organic solutions containing protons or hydroxide ions. The resulting material is thus a prototype of soft multifunctional matter featuring ionic conductivity, easy processability, response to changes in the environment, and a strong readout signal, the color change, that could be used in optical data storage or environmental sensing.
Chickens represent by far the most important poultry species, yet the number, locations, and timings of their domestication have remained controversial for more than a century. Here we report ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences from the earliest archaeological chicken bones from China, dating back to similar to 10,000 B.P. The results clearly show that all investigated bones, including the oldest from the Nanzhuangtou site, are derived from the genus Gallus, rather than any other related genus, such as Phasianus. Our analyses also suggest that northern China represents one region of the earliest chicken domestication, possibly dating as early as 10,000 y B.P. Similar to the evidence from pig domestication, our results suggest that these early domesticated chickens contributed to the gene pool of modern chicken populations. Moreover, our results support the idea that multiple members of the genus Gallus, specifically Gallus gallus and Gallus sonneratii contributed to the gene pool of the modern domestic chicken. Our results provide further support for the growing evidence of an early mixed agricultural complex in northern China.
Der Häftlingsfreikauf aus der DDR 1962/63 - 1989 : zwischen Menschenhandel und humanitären Aktionen
(2014)
Fungi and bacteria are the major organic matter (OM) decomposers in aquatic ecosystems. While bacteria are regarded as primary mineralizers in the pelagic zone of lakes and oceans, fungi dominate OM decomposition in streams and wetlands. Recent findings indicate that fungal communities are also active in lakes, but little is known about their diversity and interactions with bacteria. Therefore, the decomposer niche overlap of saprotrophic fungi and bacteria was studied on pollen (as a seasonally recurring source of fine particulate OM) by performing microcosm experiments with three different lake types. Special emphasis was placed on analysis of fungal community composition and diversity. We hypothesized that (I) pollen select for small saprotrophic fungi and at the same time for typical particle-associated bacteria; (II) fungal communities form specific free-living and attached sub-communities in each lake type; (III) the ratio between fungi or bacteria on pollen is controlled by the lake's chemistry. Bacteria-to-fungi ratios were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and bacterial and fungal diversity were studied by clone libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprints. A protease assay was used to identify functional differences between treatments. For generalization, systematic differences in bacteria-to-fungi ratios were analyzed with a dataset from the nearby Baltic Sea rivers. High abundances of Chytridiomycota as well as occurrences of Cryptomycota and yeast-like fungi confirm the decomposer niche overlap of saprotrophic fungi and bacteria on pollen. As hypothesized, microbial communities consistently differed between the lake types and exhibited functional differences. Bacteria-to-fungi ratios correlated well with parameters such as organic carbon and pH. The importance of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen for bacteria-to-fungi ratios was supported by the Baltic Sea river dataset. Our findings highlight the fact that carbon-to-nitrogen ratios may also control fungal contributions to OM decomposition in aquatic ecosystems.
El lunfardo : Kontaktvarietät der Migrationskultur am Rio de la Plata und in der Welt des Tango
(2014)
Questions: (i) Is plant species richness related to patch configuration, quality, heterogeneity and history in very small forest patches? (ii) Is there a similar effect of patch configuration, quality, heterogeneity and history on all plant species or does it vary for different plant groups? (iii) Does the importance of patch configuration, quality, heterogeneity and history vary for plant species richness between patch size classes?
Location: Prignitz region, western part of Brandenburg, Germany
Methods: Plant species lists for 183 forest patches (0.08-12.7 ha) were compiled. We conducted a hierarchical partitioning analysis to test which of the four patch variables - configuration, quality, heterogeneity and history - explained most of the variance in plant species richness and richness of various plant groups.
Results: Irrespective of patch size class, species richness is mainly predicted by patch quality and heterogeneity. In particular, generalists are primarily affected by the soil moisture and nutrient level, and specialists additionally by patch heterogeneity and history. A higher historical habitat quality, together with long habitat continuity, led to an increase in forest specialists and geophytes in all patches. In the >5-ha patches only historical habitat quality accounted for a significant increase in the number of species with short-distance dispersal capacity in all species. Regardless of patch size, the number of locally infrequent species increased significantly with historical habitat quality. The effect of patch configuration was negligible, except for space-filling trees and shrubs, when considering all patches.
Conclusions: Our more comprehensive statistical approach shows, in general, that all complex variables have an effect on species richness and should be considered in future studies. The fact that patch heterogeneity and quality are the main predictors of species richness indicates that very small forest patches covered a range of highly structured patches and sites having various growth conditions. We assume that the century-old tradition of private ownership with smallholder social structure is the main reason for variability in stand structure and species assemblage, resulting in the uniqueness of each patch. Since the number of locally infrequent plant species increases significantly with historical habitat quality, we suggest that it is particularly important to consider this variable in future studies on the decline of infrequent plant species.
From November 2006 to January 2010, a sediment trap that was cleared monthly was deployed in Lake Challa, a deep stratified freshwater lake on the eastern slope of Mt. Kilimanjaro in southern Kenya. Geochemical data from sediment trap samples were compared with a broad range of limnological and meteorological parameters to characterize the effect of single parameters on productivity and sedimentation processes in the crater basin. During the southern hemisphere summer (November-March), when the water temperature is high and the lake is biologically productive (nondiatom algae), calcite predominated in the sediment trap samples. During the "long rain" season (March-May) a small amount of organic matter and lithogenic material caused by rainfall appeared. This was followed by the cool and windy months of the southern hemisphere winter (June-October) when diatoms were the main component, indicating a diatom bloom initiated by improvement of nutrient availability related to upwelling processes. The sediment trap data support the hypothesis that the light-dark lamination couplets, which are abundant in Lake Challa cores, reflect seasonal delivery to the sediments of diatom-rich particulates during the windy months and diatom-poor material during the wet season. However, interannual and spatial variability in upwelling and productivity patterns, as well as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related rainfall and drought cycles, exert a strong influence on the magnitude and geochemical composition of particle export to the hypolimnion of Lake Challa.
Flexion-extension ratio of trunk peak torque measures and antagonistic activity in males and females
(2014)
It takes two to kiss, but does it take three to give a kiss? Categorization based on thematic roles
(2014)
We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms associated with processing light verb constructions such as "give a kiss". These constructions consist of a semantically underspecified light verb ("give") and an event nominal that contributes most of the meaning and also activates an argument structure of its own ("kiss"). This creates a mismatch between the syntactic constituents and the semantic roles of a sentence. Native speakers read German verb-final sentences that contained light verb constructions (e.g., "Julius gave Anne a kiss"), non-light constructions (e.g., "Julius gave Anne a rose"), and semantically anomalous constructions (e.g., 'Julius gave Anne a conversation"). ERPs were measured at the critical verb, which appeared after all its arguments. Compared to non-light constructions, the light verb constructions evoked a widely distributed, frontally focused, sustained negative-going effect between 500 and 900 ms after verb onset. We interpret this effect as reflecting working memory costs associated with complex semantic processes that establish a shared argument structure in the light verb constructions.
The Tibetan Plateau is a region that is highly sensitive to recent global warming, but the complexity and heterogeneity of its mountainous landscape can result in variable responses. In addition, the scarcity and brevity of regional instrumental and palaeoecological records still hamper our understanding of past and present patterns of environmental change. To investigate how the remote, high-alpine environments of the Nianbaoyeze Mountains, eastern Tibetan Plateau, are affected by climate change and human activity over the last similar to 600 years, we compared regional tree-ring studies with pollen and diatom remains archived in the dated sediments of Dongerwuka Lake (33.22A degrees N, 101.12A degrees E, 4,307 m a.s.l.). In agreement with previous studies from the eastern Tibetan Plateau, a strong coherence between our two juniper-based tree-ring chronologies from the Nianbaoyeze and the Anemaqin Mountains was observed, with pronounced cyclical variations in summer temperature reconstructions. A positive directional trend to warmer summer temperatures in the most recent decades, was, however, not observed in the tree-ring record. Likewise, our pollen and diatom spectra showed minimal change over the investigated time period. Although modest, the most notable change in the diatom relative abundances was a subtle decrease in the dominant planktonic Cyclotella ocellata and a concurrent increase in small, benthic fragilarioid taxa in the similar to 1820s, suggesting higher ecosystem variability. The pollen record subtly indicates three periods of increased cattle grazing activity (similar to 1400-1480 AD, similar to 1630-1760 AD, after 1850 AD), but shows generally no significant vegetation changes during past similar to 600 years. The minimal changes observed in the tree-ring, diatom and pollen records are consistent with the presence of localised cooling centres that are evident in instrumental and tree-ring data within the southeastern and eastern Tibetan Plateau. Given the minor changes in regional temperature records, our complacent palaeoecological profiles suggest that climatically induced ecological thresholds have not yet been crossed in the Nianbaoyeze Mountains region.
Graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4, is a promising organic photo-catalyst for a variety of redox reactions. In order to improve its efficiency in a systematic manner, however, a fundamental understanding of the microscopic interaction between catalyst, reactants and products is crucial. Here we present a systematic study of water adsorption on g-C3N4 by means of density functional theory and the density functional based tight-binding method as a prerequisite for understanding photocatalytic water splitting. We then analyze this prototypical redox reaction on the basis of a thermodynamic model providing an estimate of the overpotential for both water oxidation and H+ reduction. While the latter is found to occur readily upon irradiation with visible light, we derive a prohibitive overpotential of 1.56 eV for the water oxidation half reaction, comparing well with the experimental finding that in contrast to H-2 production O-2 evolution is only possible in the presence of oxidation cocatalysts.
Graphitic carbon nitride, g-C₃N₄, is a promising organic photo-catalyst for a variety of redox reactions. In order to improve its efficiency in a systematic manner, however, a fundamental understanding of the microscopic interaction between catalyst, reactants and products is crucial. Here we present a systematic study of water adsorption on g-C₃N₄ by means of density functional theory and the density functional based tight-binding method as a prerequisite for understanding photocatalytic water splitting. We then analyze this prototypical redox reaction on the basis of a thermodynamic model providing an estimate of the overpotential for both water oxidation and H⁺ reduction. While the latter is found to occur readily upon irradiation with visible light, we derive a prohibitive overpotential of 1.56 eV for the water oxidation half reaction, comparing well with the experimental finding that in contrast to H₂ production O₂ evolution is only possible in the presence of oxidation cocatalysts.
We present and discuss the results of crystallographic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analyses of five tetrachloridocuprate(II) complexes to supply a useful tool for the structural characterisation of the [CuCl4](2-) moiety in the liquid state, for example in ionic liquids, or in solution. Bis(benzyltriethylammonium)-, bis(trimethylphenylammonium)-, bis(ethyltriphenylphosphonium)-, bis(benzyltriphenylphosphonium)-, and bis(tetraphenylarsonium) tetrachloridocuprate(II) were synthesised and characterised by elemental, IR, EPR and X-ray analyses. The results of the crystallographic analyses show distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry of all [CuCl4](2-) anions in the five complexes and prove that all investigated complexes are stabilised by hydrogen bonds of different intensities. Despite the use of sterically demanding ammonium, phosphonium and arsonium cations to obtain the separation of the paramagnetic Cu(II) centres for EPR spectroscopy no hyperfine structure was observed in the EPR spectra but the principal values of the electron Zeeman tensor, g(parallel to) and g(perpendicular to), could be determined. With these EPR data and the crystallographic parameters we were able to carry out a correlation study to anticipate the structural situation of tetrachloridocuprates in different physical states. This correlation is in good agreement with DFT calculations.
Polyelectrolytes are macromolecules composed of charged monomers and exhibit unique properties due to the interplay of their flexibility and electrostatic interactions. In solution, they are attracted to oppositely charged surfaces and interfaces and exhibit a transition to an adsorbed state when certain conditions are met concerning the charge densities of the polymer and surface and the properties of the solution. In this review, we discuss two limiting cases for adsorption of flexible polyelectrolytes on curved surfaces: weak and strong adsorption. In the first case, adsorption is strongly influenced by the entropic degrees of freedom of a flexible polyelectrolyte. By contrast, in the strong adsorption limit, electrostatic interactions dominate, which leads to particular adsorption patterns, specifically on spherical surfaces. We discuss the corresponding theoretical approaches, applying a mean-field description for the polymer and the polymer-surface interaction. For weak adsorption, we discuss the critical adsorption behavior by exactly solvable models for planar and spherical geometries and a generic approximation scheme, which is additionally applied to cylindrical surfaces. For strong adsorption, we investigate various polyelectrolyte patterns on cylinders and spheres and evaluate their stability. The results are discussed in the light of experimental results, mostly of DNA adsorption experiments.
Soldatenbriefe
(2014)
Redox modulation of protein activity by thioredoxins (TRXs) plays a key role in cellular regulation. Thioredoxin z (TRX z) and its interaction partner fructokinase-like protein 1 (FLN1) represent subunits of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), suggesting a role of both proteins in redox regulation of chloroplast gene expression. Loss of TRX z or FLN1 expression generates a PEP-deficient phenotype and renders the plants incapable to grow autotrophically. This study shows that PEP function in trx z and fln1 plants can be restored by complementation with redox-inactive TRX z C106S and FLN1 C(105/106)A protein variants, respectively. The complemented plants showed wild-type levels of chloroplast gene expression and were restored in photosynthetic capacity, indicating that redox regulation of PEP through TRX z/FLN1 per se is not essential for autotrophic growth. Promoter-reporter gene studies indicate that TRX z and FLN1 are expressed during early phases of leaf development while expression ceases at maturation. Taken together, our data support a model in which TRX z and FLN1 are essential structural components of the PEP complex and their redox activity might only play a role in the fine tuning of PEP function.
This study compares the duration and first two formants (F1 and F2) of 11 nominal monophthongs and five nominal diphthongs in Standard Southern British English (SSBE) and a Northern English dialect. F1 and F2 trajectories were fitted with parametric curves using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the zeroth DCT coefficient represented formant trajectory means and the first DCT coefficient represented the magnitude and direction of formant trajectory change to characterize vowel inherent spectral change (VISC). Cross-dialectal comparisons involving these measures revealed significant differences for the phonologically back monophthongs /D, , , u:/ and also /3z:/ and the diphthongs /eI, e, aI, I/. Most cross-dialectal differences are in zeroth DCT coefficients, suggesting formant trajectory means tend to characterize such differences, while first DCT coefficient differences were more numerous for diphthongs. With respect to VISC, the most striking differences are that /u:/is considerably more diphthongized in the Northern dialect and that the F2 trajectory of /e/proceeds in opposite directions in the two dialects. Cross-dialectal differences were found to be largely unaffected by the consonantal context in which the vowels were produced. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to VISC, consonantal context effects and speech perception. (c) 2014 Acoustical Society of America.
Spatial interferences in mental arithmetic: Evidence from the motion-arithmetic compatibility effect
(2014)
Recent research on spatial number representations suggests that the number space is not necessarily horizontally organized and might also be affected by acquired associations between magnitude and sensory experiences in vertical space. Evidence for this claim is, however, controversial. The present study now aims to compare vertical and horizontal spatial associations in mental arithmetic. In Experiment 1, participants solved addition and subtraction problems and indicated the result verbally while moving their outstretched right arm continuously left-, right-, up-, or downwards. The analysis of the problem-solving performances revealed a motion-arithmetic compatibility effect for spatial actions along both the horizontal and the vertical axes. Performances in additions was impaired while making downward compared to upward movements as well as when moving left compared to right and vice versa in subtractions. In Experiment 2, instead of being instructed to perform active body movements, participants calculated while the problems moved in one of the four relative directions on the screen. For visual motions, only the motion-arithmetic compatibility effect for the vertical dimension could be replicated. Taken together, our findings provide first evidence for an impact of spatial processing on mental arithmetic. Moreover, the stronger effect of the vertical dimension supports the idea that mental calculations operate on representations of numerical magnitude that are grounded in a vertically organized mental number space.
Perspectives on English Revolutionary Republicanism takes stock of developments in the scholarship of seventeenth-century English republicanism by looking at the movements and schools of thought that have shaped the field over the decades: the linguistic turn, the cultural turn and the religious turn. While scholars of seventeenth-century republicanism share their enthusiasm for their field, they have approached their subject in diverse ways. The contributors to the present volume have taken the opportunity to bring these approaches together in a number of case studies covering republican language, republican literary and political culture, and republican religion, to paint a lively picture of the state of the art in republican scholarship.
The volume begins with three chapters influenced by the theory and methodology of the linguistic turn, before moving on to address cultural history approaches to English republicanism, including both literary culture and (practical) political culture. The final section of the volume looks at how religion intersected with ideas of republican thought. Taken together the essays demonstrate the vitality and diversity of what was once regarded as a narrow topic of political research.
A Little Piece of the Shire
(2014)
Rezensiertes Werk
George, Rosemary Marangoly, Indian English and the Fiction of National Literature - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. - Hb. viii, 285 pp. - (Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik ; 62(4))
ISBN 978-1-107-04000-7.
The mental chronometry of the human brain's processing of sounds to be categorized as targets has intensively been studied in cognitive neuroscience. According to current theories, a series of successive stages consisting of the registration, identification, and categorization of the sound has to be completed before participants are able to report the sound as a target by button press after similar to 300-500 ms. Here we use miniature eye movements as a tool to study the categorization of a sound as a target or nontarget, indicating that an initial categorization is present already after 80-100 ms. During visual fixation, the rate of microsaccades, the fastest components of miniature eye movements, is transiently modulated after auditory stimulation. In two experiments, we measured microsaccade rates in human participants in an auditory three-tone oddball paradigm (including rare nontarget sounds) and observed a difference in the microsaccade rates between targets and nontargets as early as 142 ms after sound onset. This finding was replicated in a third experiment with directed saccades measured in a paradigm in which tones had to be matched to score-like visual symbols. Considering the delays introduced by (motor) signal transmission and data analysis constraints, the brain must have differentiated target from nontarget sounds as fast as 80-100 ms after sound onset in both paradigms. We suggest that predictive information processing for expected input makes higher cognitive attributes, such as a sound's identity and category, available already during early sensory processing. The measurement of eye movements is thus a promising approach to investigate hearing.
Whilst sophisticated multiphase fluid flow models are routinely employed to understand behaviour of oil and gas reservoirs, high-resolution data describing the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of rock characteristics is rarely available to populate models. We present a new approach to developing a quantitative understanding of the effect of individual controls on the distribution of petrophysical properties and their impact on fluid flow. This involves simulating flow through high-detail permeability architectures generated by forward modelling of the coupled depositional-diagenetic evolution of isolated platforms using CARB3D(+). This workflow is exemplified by an investigation of interactions between subsidence and climate, and their expression in spatial variations in reservoir quality in an isolated carbonate platform of similar size and subsidence history to the Triassic Latemar Platform.
Dissolutional lowering during subaerial exposure controls platform-top graininess via platform top hydrodynamics during the subsequent transgression. Dissolved carbonate is reprecipitated as cements by percolating meteoric waters. However, associated subsurface meteoric dissolution generates significant secondary porosity under a more humid climate. Slower subsidence enhances diagenetic overprinting during repeated exposure events. Single-phase streamline simulations show how early diagenesis develops more permeable fairways within the finer-grained condensed units that can act as thief zones for flow from the grainier but less diagenetically altered cyclic units.
With the growth of virtualization and cloud computing, more and more forensic investigations rely on being able to perform live forensics on a virtual machine using virtual machine introspection (VMI). Inspecting a virtual machine through its hypervisor enables investigation without risking contamination of the evidence, crashing the computer, etc. To further access to these techniques for the investigator/researcher we have developed a new VMI monitoring language. This language is based on a review of the most commonly used VMI-techniques to date, and it enables the user to monitor the virtual machine's memory, events and data streams. A prototype implementation of our monitoring system was implemented in KVM, though implementation on any hypervisor that uses the common x86 virtualization hardware assistance support should be straightforward. Our prototype outperforms the proprietary VMWare VProbes in many cases, with a maximum performance loss of 18% for a realistic test case, which we consider acceptable. Our implementation is freely available under a liberal software distribution license. (C) 2014 Digital Forensics Research Workshop. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New porous materials based on covalently connected monomers are presented. The key step of the synthesis is an acetalisation reaction. In previous years we used acetalisation reactions extensively to build up various molecular rods. Based on this approach, investigations towards porous polymeric materials were conducted by us. Here we wish to present the results of these studies in the synthesis of 1D polyacetals and porous 3D polyacetals. By scrambling experiments with 1D acetals we could prove that exchange reactions occur between different building blocks (evidenced by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry). Based on these results we synthesized porous 3D polyacetals under the same mild conditions.
New porous materials based on covalently connected monomers are presented. The key step of the synthesis is an acetalisation reaction. In previous years we used acetalisation reactions extensively to build up various molecular rods. Based on this approach, investigations towards porous polymeric materials were conducted by us. Here we wish to present the results of these studies in the synthesis of 1D polyacetals and porous 3D polyacetals. By scrambling experiments with 1D acetals we could prove that exchange reactions occur between different building blocks (evidenced by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry). Based on these results we synthesized porous 3D polyacetals under the same mild conditions.
The cultivation of plants for use as energy resources is an agricultural and industrial sector with potentially synergistic benefits related to protecting the environment and generating income. Against the background of increasing land-use changes and new agricultural approaches to the production of energy crops, we present a method for identifying future-oriented crop rotations that supports both the economic and environmental components of decision-making strategies with respect to agriculture-related policy decisions (regional mission statements). The conflicting aspects of these objectives can be addressed with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multi-attribute decision-making method that was integrated here. Three models are used to generate simulations of the defined objectives over a planning period of 30 years under the current climate scenario and provide input data for the multi-attribute assessment of several crop rotations. Based on the entire evaluation process, dimensionless global priority vectors are used to indicate how well the crop rotations meet the requirements of the defined mission statement. The method is tested in a municipality in NE Germany. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This article summarizes the latest results on the proton-to-electron mass ratio derived from H-2 observations at high redshift in the light of possible variations of fundamental physical constants. The focus lies on UVES observations of the past years as enormous progress was achieved since the first positive results on / were published. With the better understanding of systematics, dedicated observation runs, and numerous approaches to improve wavelength calibration accuracy, all current findings are in reasonable good agreement with no variation and provide an upper limit of / < 1 x 10(-5) for the redshift range of 2 < z < 3. ((