Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (145)
Year of publication
- 2019 (145) (remove)
Document Type
- Other (145) (remove)
Language
- English (145) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (145)
Keywords
- evaluation (3)
- Cloud Computing (2)
- Industry 4.0 (2)
- Scrum (2)
- Social Media Analysis (2)
- Teamwork (2)
- Virtual Machine (2)
- fabrication (2)
- retrospective (2)
- software process improvement (2)
Institute
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH (30)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (19)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH (17)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (16)
- Department Psychologie (12)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (9)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (4)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (4)
- Institut für Informatik und Computational Science (4)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (4)
Diffusion of cosmic rays (CRs) is the key process for understanding their propagation and acceleration. We employ the description of spatial separation of magnetic field lines in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in Lazarian & Vishniac to quantify the divergence of the magnetic field on scales less than the injection scale of turbulence and show that this divergence induces superdiffusion of CR in the direction perpendicular to the mean magnetic field. The perpendicular displacement squared increases, not as the distance x along the magnetic field, which is the case for a regular diffusion, but as the x 3 for freely streaming CRs. The dependence changes to x 3/2 for the CRs propagating diffusively along the magnetic field. In the latter case, we show that it is important to distinguish the perpendicular displacement with respect to the mean field and to the local magnetic field. We consider how superdiffusion changes the acceleration of CRs in shocks and show how it decreases efficiency of the CRs acceleration in perpendicular shocks. We also demonstrate that in the case when the small-scale magnetic field is generated in the pre-shock region, an efficient acceleration can take place for the CRs streaming without collisions along the magnetic loops.
Recent research indicates that non- invasive stimulation of the afferent auricular vagal nerve (tVNS) may modulate various cognitive and affec-tive functions, likely via activation of the locus coeruleus- norepinephrine (LC- NE) system. In a series of ERP studies we found that the attention- related P300 component is enhanced during continuous vagal stimula-tion, compared to sham, which is also related to increased salivary alpha amylase levels (a putative indirect marker for central NE activation). In another study, we investigated the effect of continuous tVNS on the late positive potential (LPP), an electrophysiological index for motivated atten-tion toward emotionally evocative cues, and the effects of tVNS on later recognition memory (1- week delay). Here, vagal stimulation prompted earlier LPP differences (300- 500 ms) between unpleasant and neutral scenes. During retrieval, vagal stimulation significantly improved memory performance for unpleasant, but not neutral pictures, compared to sham stimulation, which was also related to enhanced salivary alpha amylase levels. In line, unpleasant images encoded under tVNS compared to sham stimulation also produced enhanced ERP old/new differences (500- 800 ms) during retrieval indicating better recollection. Taken together, our studies suggest that tVNS facilitates attention, learning and episodic memory, likely via afferent projections to the arousal- modulated LC- NE system. We will, however, also show data that point to critical stimulation parameters (likely duration and frequency) that need to be considered when applying tVNS
Editorial
(2019)