Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (678) (remove)
Keywords
- Nanopartikel (23)
- nanoparticles (13)
- self-assembly (12)
- Selbstorganisation (11)
- thermoresponsive (11)
- Polymer (9)
- RAFT (9)
- polymer (9)
- DNA origami (7)
- Polymerchemie (7)
- Synthese (7)
- ionic liquids (7)
- thermoresponsiv (7)
- block copolymer (6)
- organic chemistry (6)
- polymerization (6)
- porous materials (6)
- synthesis (6)
- Blockcopolymer (5)
- Blockcopolymere (5)
- FRET (5)
- Photochemie (5)
- Polyelektrolyte (5)
- Polymere (5)
- Polymerisation (5)
- block copolymers (5)
- hydrogel (5)
- ionische Flüssigkeiten (5)
- polymer chemistry (5)
- ATRP (4)
- Biomasse (4)
- Bioraffinerie (4)
- Calciumphosphat (4)
- DNA Origami (4)
- Elektrokatalyse (4)
- Energiespeicher (4)
- Hydrogel (4)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie (4)
- Kohlenstoff (4)
- Kolloid (4)
- Korrosion (4)
- NCA (4)
- Photokatalyse (4)
- Quantenpunkte (4)
- RAFT-Polymerisation (4)
- Spektroskopie (4)
- Tenside (4)
- Vesikel (4)
- azobenzene (4)
- carbon (4)
- carbon nitride (4)
- corrosion (4)
- crystallization (4)
- energy storage (4)
- fluorescence (4)
- green chemistry (4)
- hydrogels (4)
- ion mobility spectrometry (4)
- nachhaltige Chemie (4)
- nanoparticle (4)
- organische Chemie (4)
- peptide (4)
- photocatalysis (4)
- polymers (4)
- poröse Materialien (4)
- silica (4)
- surface modification (4)
- surfactants (4)
- theoretische Chemie (4)
- Adsorption (3)
- Antifouling (3)
- Chemometrie (3)
- Chitooligosaccharide (3)
- Chitooligosaccharides (3)
- DFT (3)
- Elektrolumineszenz (3)
- Emulsion (3)
- Emulsionspolymerisation (3)
- Fluoreszenz (3)
- Funktionalisierung (3)
- Förster resonance energy transfer (3)
- Gold (3)
- Katalyse (3)
- Kohlenhydrate (3)
- Kohlenstoffnitride (3)
- Kohlenstoffnitriden (3)
- Kolloidchemie (3)
- Komposite (3)
- Kristallisation (3)
- Lipide (3)
- Lumineszenz (3)
- Massenspektrometrie (3)
- Mikroemulsion (3)
- Mineralisation (3)
- Miniemulsion (3)
- N-carboxyanhydride (3)
- Nanoparticles (3)
- PCA (3)
- PLSR (3)
- Peptid (3)
- Peptide (3)
- Photoionisation (3)
- Polyelektrolyt (3)
- SAXS (3)
- SERS (3)
- air-water interface (3)
- biomass (3)
- biorefinery (3)
- calcium phosphate (3)
- carbon nitrides (3)
- catalysis (3)
- controlled radical polymerization (3)
- functionalization (3)
- gold (3)
- heterogene Katalyse (3)
- heterogene Photokatalyse (3)
- heterogeneous catalysis (3)
- heterogeneous photocatalysis (3)
- iron (3)
- magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- magnetic resonance imaging (3)
- micelles (3)
- microfluidics (3)
- mineralization (3)
- miniemulsion (3)
- nucleation (3)
- perovskite solar cells (3)
- photochemistry (3)
- polyelectrolyte (3)
- polyelectrolytes (3)
- polypeptide (3)
- protein (3)
- sol-gel (3)
- spectroscopy (3)
- supercapacitors (3)
- sustainable chemistry (3)
- theoretical chemistry (3)
- water (3)
- Abbau (2)
- Aktuator (2)
- Ammoniak (2)
- Anisotrope Kolloide (2)
- Azobenzen (2)
- Azobenzene (2)
- Azobenzol (2)
- Beschichtungen (2)
- Bindung (2)
- Birke (2)
- Boden (2)
- Calcium (2)
- Calciumcarbonat (2)
- Carbide (2)
- Carbon (2)
- Cellulose (2)
- Ceroxid (2)
- Chemie (2)
- Colloid Chemistry (2)
- Cumarin (2)
- DBD (2)
- DNA (2)
- DNS (2)
- Eisen (2)
- Eisenoxidnanopartikel (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Elektrochemie (2)
- Farbstoff (2)
- Fettsäuren (2)
- Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe (2)
- Formgedächtnis (2)
- Funktionalisierung <Chemie> (2)
- Förster-Resonanzenergietransfer (2)
- Gasadsorption (2)
- Glycosylation (2)
- Glykopolymere (2)
- Grenzflächen (2)
- Grüne Chemie (2)
- HPLC (2)
- Hydrogele (2)
- ICP-OES (2)
- Ionische Flüssigkeiten (2)
- Katalysatoren (2)
- Klick-Chemie (2)
- Kohlenstoffmaterialien (2)
- Kolloide (2)
- LCST (2)
- LIBS (2)
- Ladungstransport (2)
- Lanthanides (2)
- Lanthanoide (2)
- Lignin (2)
- Magnetic Particle Imaging (2)
- Magnetresonanztomograpgie (2)
- Membran (2)
- Mesokristalle (2)
- Metallnitride (2)
- Mikrofluidik (2)
- Mikrogele (2)
- Mizellen (2)
- Molekulardynamik (2)
- Monoschicht (2)
- N-carboxyanhydrid (2)
- Nanokomposite (2)
- Nanoparticle (2)
- Nanotechnologie (2)
- Nitride (2)
- Nukleierung (2)
- Nährelemente (2)
- OLED (2)
- Oberflächen (2)
- Oberflächenchemie (2)
- Palladium (2)
- Peptides (2)
- Perowskit-Solarzellen (2)
- Photopolymerization (2)
- Plasmonik (2)
- Poly(2-oxazoline) (2)
- Polymer chemistry (2)
- Polymers (2)
- Polypeptid (2)
- Polyzwitterion (2)
- Porous carbon (2)
- Protein-Polymer-Konjugat (2)
- Quantum Dots (2)
- RAFT polymerization (2)
- RFA (2)
- Raman (2)
- Rinde (2)
- Salz (2)
- Salzschmelze-Templating (2)
- Schimmelpilze (2)
- Schwefel (2)
- Selbstassemblierung (2)
- Selektivität (2)
- Singulettsauerstoff (2)
- Sol-Gel (2)
- Solarzellen (2)
- Struktur (2)
- Strukturbildung (2)
- Stärke (2)
- Superkondensatoren (2)
- Synthesis (2)
- Teilchenbildung (2)
- Totalsynthese (2)
- Transmembranprotein (2)
- Ultrazentrifuge (2)
- Wasser (2)
- XRF (2)
- Zwitterionen (2)
- adsorption (2)
- amphiphile Blockcopolymere (2)
- amphiphilic block copolymer (2)
- assembly (2)
- bark (2)
- binding (2)
- biomaterials (2)
- birch (2)
- calcium (2)
- calcium carbonate (2)
- carbon materials (2)
- cerium oxide (2)
- charge transport (2)
- chelates (2)
- chemistry (2)
- click chemistry (2)
- coating (2)
- colloid (2)
- colloids (2)
- composites (2)
- copolymers (2)
- coumarine (2)
- detector development (2)
- dye (2)
- electrocatalysis (2)
- electrochemistry (2)
- emulsion (2)
- emulsion polymerization (2)
- flow chemistry (2)
- fluorescent dyes (2)
- free radical polymerization (2)
- freie radikalische Polymerisation (2)
- gas adsorption (2)
- gas sorption (2)
- glucose oxidation (2)
- glycopolymers (2)
- grüne Chemie (2)
- heteroatom-doped carbons (2)
- hierarchical porosity (2)
- hierarchische Porosität (2)
- hydrothermal (2)
- ionic liquid (2)
- ionische Flüssigkeit (2)
- ionothermal synthesis (2)
- kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisationen (2)
- laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (2)
- lipids (2)
- lower critical solution temperature (2)
- luminescence (2)
- magnetische Nanopartikel (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- mesocrystals (2)
- mesoporous (2)
- mesoporös (2)
- metal nitrides (2)
- metal oxides (2)
- microwave synthesis (2)
- molecular switches (2)
- molekulare Schalter (2)
- nachwachsende Rohstoffe (2)
- nano (2)
- nanocomposite (2)
- nonaqueous synthesis (2)
- organic synthesis (2)
- organische Synthese (2)
- organosilica (2)
- oxygen reduction reaction (2)
- palladium (2)
- particle formation (2)
- patchy particles (2)
- perovskite (2)
- photoionization (2)
- plasmonics (2)
- poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (2)
- polyesters (2)
- polyzwitterion (2)
- porous (2)
- porös (2)
- precursor (2)
- protein-polymer conjugate (2)
- quantum dots (2)
- quantum dynamics (2)
- ring-opening polymerization (2)
- ringöffnende Polymerisation (2)
- salt (2)
- salt melt templating (2)
- selectivity (2)
- solar cells (2)
- starch (2)
- structure (2)
- sulfur (2)
- surfaces (2)
- synthetic biology (2)
- thermoresponsive Polymere (2)
- thermoresponsive polymer (2)
- total synthesis (2)
- transmembrane protein (2)
- upconversion (2)
- vesicle (2)
- vesicles (2)
- wrinkles (2)
- "Reactive Flux" Ratenkonstanten (1)
- "Spacer"-Gruppe (1)
- 1,6,7,12-Tetraazaperylen (1)
- 1-Arylnaphthalen-Lignane (1)
- 1-arylnaphthalene lignanes (1)
- 2-Thiodisaccharide (1)
- 2-Thiodisaccharides (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phoshphate aldolase (1)
- 22-Hydroxydocosansäure (1)
- 22-hydroxydocosanoic acid (1)
- 2D material (1)
- 2D-Material (1)
- 2P-FRET (1)
- 2Z,4E-Diencarbonsäureester (1)
- 5'-neolignane (1)
- 8 (1)
- 9,10-Epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecansäure (1)
- 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (1)
- ABC triblock copolymer (1)
- AC -Impedance (1)
- AC Impedanz (1)
- ACC (1)
- ADMET (1)
- AM1 (1)
- AM1/FOMO (1)
- AM1/FOMO-CI (1)
- Abstandsverteilungen (1)
- Acetylacetonat (1)
- Actuator (1)
- Additive (1)
- Adhäsion (1)
- Adsorbatschwingungen (1)
- Adsorptionsaktivität (1)
- Aerogele (1)
- Aerogels (1)
- African medicinal plants (1)
- Afrikanische Heilpflanzen (1)
- AgCo (1)
- Aggregate (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Aktivierungsentropie (1)
- Alkin (1)
- Alkyd resin (1)
- Alkydharze (1)
- Alkylpyridinium salts (1)
- Alkylpyridinium-Salze (1)
- All-Carbon-Kompositen (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Aluminiumoberfläche (1)
- Amin (1)
- Amine (1)
- Aminolyse (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Ammonia (1)
- Amorphe Polymere (1)
- Amphiphile (1)
- Amphiphile Polymere (1)
- Amphiphilic diblock copolymers (1)
- Amyloid peptide (1)
- Analytische Ultrazentrifugation (1)
- Anisotropie (1)
- Anode (1)
- Anomale Diffusion (1)
- Anregungsspektren (1)
- Anthrazen (1)
- Antikörper-Färbung (1)
- Aptamere (1)
- Aromaten (1)
- Arrhenius (1)
- Arylnaphthalen-Lignane (1)
- Arylnaphthalene lignans (1)
- Assemblierung (1)
- Assoziative Verdicker (1)
- Assoziatives Anisotropiemodell (1)
- Atemgas (1)
- Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1)
- Aufarbeitung von Fruktose (1)
- Aufkonversion (1)
- Azid (1)
- B3LYP (1)
- BAPTA (1)
- BLUF (1)
- Bariumtitanat (1)
- Batterien (1)
- Baumrinde (1)
- Benetzung (1)
- Benzoboroxol (1)
- Berny-Algorithmus (1)
- Beschallung (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Beschichtungsanwendung (1)
- Beta-Lactoglobulin (1)
- Betula pendula (1)
- Betulin (1)
- Biaryle (1)
- Biaryles (1)
- Biobased Polymers (1)
- Biobasierte Polymere (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biohybrid-Membran (1)
- Bioinspiration (1)
- Biokompatibilität (1)
- Biokonjugation (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomasseverwertung (1)
- Biomaterial (1)
- Biomaterialien (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biomimetics (1)
- Biomimetik (1)
- Biomineralisation (1)
- Biomineralisation; Bruschit; Statische Lichtstreuung; Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung (1)
- Biomineralisierung (1)
- Biomodification (1)
- Biopolymere (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Biosilifizierung (1)
- Biotin-Streptavidin (1)
- Biphenol (1)
- Birch-Reduction (1)
- Birch-Reduktion (1)
- Birkenrinde (1)
- Block Copolymer (1)
- Block-Copolymere (1)
- Block-copolymer (1)
- Blockcopolymere ; Polyaminosäuren ; Hydrophile Verbindungen ; Chemische Synthese ; Ringöffnungspolymerisation | Calciumcarbonat ; Biomineralisation (1)
- Blockcopolymervesikel (1)
- Bodenanalytik (1)
- Bombyx mori Seide (1)
- Bombyx mori silk (1)
- Boronsäure (1)
- Breitband (1)
- Brewsterwinkel-Mikroskopie (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Bulkgele (1)
- C-Arlyglykosid (1)
- C-C Bindungsknüpfung (1)
- C-C bond formation (1)
- C-reaktives Protein (1)
- C1N1 (1)
- CBM (1)
- CN (1)
- CN materials (1)
- CN-Materialien (1)
- CO2 capture (1)
- CO2-Abscheidung (1)
- Ca (1)
- Calcium Bindungsstelle (1)
- Calcium binding site (1)
- Calcium phosphate (1)
- Carbides (1)
- Carbohydrate (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbonfaserprecursor (1)
- Carbonitrides (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Cavity Ring-Down (1)
- Cellulose-Bindung (1)
- Cer Ammonium Nitrat (CAN) (1)
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) (1)
- Chalkogenide (1)
- Chalkon (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chelate (1)
- Chemical Synthesis (1)
- Chemische Synthese (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chiralität <Chemie> (1)
- Chitin (1)
- Chitinase (1)
- Chitinasen (1)
- Chitolectins (1)
- Chitolektine (1)
- Chitosan (1)
- Chitosan / Präparative Chemie / Verpackungsmaterial / Mikrobielle Abbaubarkeit / Chitosan / Proteine (1)
- Cholesterin (1)
- Chromanon (1)
- Chromatographie (1)
- Chromon (1)
- Circularpolarisation (1)
- Citrazinsäure (1)
- Click Chemistry (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Co-Nonsolvency (1)
- Coating Applications (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Cobalt Nanopartikeln (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collagenase (1)
- Collision cross-section (1)
- Colloid (1)
- Composites (1)
- Confinement (1)
- Copolymere (1)
- Copolymerisation (1)
- Copolymerisationsdiagramme (1)
- Cork oak (1)
- Coumarin (1)
- CsPbI3 (1)
- Cu doped InP (1)
- Cu-dotiertes InP (1)
- Curriculare Innovation (1)
- Cyaninfarbstoffe (1)
- Cyclohexadien (1)
- Cyclohexadienderivate ; Chemische Synthese ; Birch-Reduktion ; Decarbonylierung | Cyclohexadienderivate ; Photooxidation ; Stereoselektive Reaktion ; (1)
- Cyclovoltammetrie (1)
- Cylcohexadiene (1)
- Cytochrome C (1)
- D3 (1)
- DBD-Farbstoffe (1)
- DBD-dyes (1)
- DFTB3 (1)
- DNA Nanostrukturen (1)
- DNA Schädigung (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA nanostructures (1)
- DNA origami nanoantennas (DONA) (1)
- DNA-Origami (1)
- Debus-Radziszewski polymerization (1)
- Decarbonylation (1)
- Decarbonylierung (1)
- Decorin (1)
- Defektchemie (1)
- Defekte (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Deoxyfructosazin (1)
- Design (1)
- Designed Biointerfaces (1)
- Designte Biointerface (1)
- Detektor (1)
- Detektor-Entwicklung (1)
- Detektorentwicklung (1)
- Diamondoide (1)
- Diarylheptanoide (1)
- Dichtefunktionaltheorie (1)
- Dichtematrixtheorie offener Systeme (1)
- Dielectric elastomer actuators (1)
- Dielektrische Elastomer Aktuatoren (1)
- Differential mobility analysis (DMA) (1)
- Differentielle Mobilitätsanalyse (DMA) (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Diffusionsbarriere (1)
- Dihydrobenzofurane (1)
- Dihydroxyaceton (1)
- Dilatations-Viskoelastizität (1)
- Dimensionsstabilität (1)
- Dispersionskorrektur (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Dissoziation (1)
- Dissoziative Elektronenanlagerung (1)
- Disulfide (1)
- Dizotransfer (1)
- Doppelpuls (1)
- Doppelschichtstruktur (1)
- Doppelstrangbruch (1)
- Doppelt hydrophile Blockcopolymere (1)
- Doppelthydrophile Blockcopolymere (1)
- Dotierung (1)
- Double hydrophilic block copolymers (1)
- Druckfarben (1)
- Drug Delivery (1)
- Durchflusschemie (1)
- Dynamik der Adsorption (1)
- Düngeempfehlung (1)
- E-Z Isomerisierung (1)
- EDX (1)
- EELS (1)
- Einkapselung (1)
- Einkristalle (1)
- Einzelatomkatalyse (1)
- Einzelmoleküldetektion (1)
- Einzelstrangbruch (1)
- Eisen-Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhrchen-Katalysatoren (1)
- Elektroaktive Polymere (1)
- Elektrolumineszenz-Folie (1)
- Elektrolytempfindlichkeit (1)
- Elektronendynamik (1)
- Elektronenkorrelation (1)
- Elektronenstrukturrechnung (1)
- Elektronentomographie (1)
- Elektrospinnen (1)
- Elektrosprayionisation (1)
- Ellipsometrie (1)
- Emulsion Polymerization (1)
- Emulsionen (1)
- Endoperoxide (1)
- Enegieanwendungen (1)
- Energiespeichermechanismus (1)
- Energieumwandlung (1)
- Energy Applications (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Epoxide (1)
- Epoxides (1)
- Equisetum hyemale (1)
- Erneuerbare Ressourcen (1)
- Ethen (1)
- Extracellular Matrix (1)
- Extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- Eyring (1)
- Falten (1)
- Faltenstrukturen (1)
- Faser (1)
- Faser-Bragg-Gitter (1)
- Fasern (1)
- Faserätzen (1)
- Feldflussfraktionierung (1)
- Ferrofluid (1)
- Fest-Flüssig-Extraktion (1)
- Festelektrolyten (1)
- Festphasensynthese (1)
- Fettsäure (1)
- FhuA (1)
- Field Flow Fractionation (1)
- Film (1)
- Filmbildner (1)
- Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (1)
- Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (1)
- Fluoereszenzsonden (1)
- Fluorchemie (1)
- Fluorescent Dyes (1)
- Fluoreszens (1)
- Fluoreszenz-Korrelations-Spektroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzanisotropie (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzsensor (1)
- Fluorierte Blockcopolymere (1)
- Fluoroionophore (1)
- Fluorophore (1)
- Fluorophores (1)
- Fluorpolymere (1)
- Flüssig-/flüssig-Grenzflächen (1)
- Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion (1)
- Flüssigkeitszerstäubung (1)
- Flüssigkristalline Polymere (1)
- Flüssigphasenkatalyse (1)
- Flüssigphasensynthese (1)
- Formationsfluid (1)
- Formgedächtnispolymer (1)
- Formgedächtnispolymere (1)
- Formose (1)
- Freistehende Membranen (1)
- Frequenzaufkonversion (1)
- Frequenzverdopplung (1)
- Fulgimide (1)
- Functionalization (1)
- Funktionalisierte Ölsäuremethylester (1)
- Funktionalisierung von Katalysatoren (1)
- Fällungsreaktion (1)
- Förster-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (1)
- GAUSSIAN (1)
- GIXD (1)
- GOD (1)
- Gadolinium (1)
- Gas Sorption (1)
- Gas selective membranes (1)
- Gaspermeation (1)
- Gasselektive Membranen (1)
- Gassensorik (1)
- Gassorption (1)
- Gastrennung (1)
- Gefrierschutzadditiv (1)
- Gelatin (1)
- Gelatine (1)
- Gele (1)
- Gelieren (1)
- Gentherapie (1)
- Gentransfer (1)
- Geometrieoptimierung (1)
- Gießfolien (1)
- Glass transition temperatures (1)
- Glasübergangstemperaturen (1)
- Gleichgewicht der Adsorption (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glukose Oxidation (1)
- Glukoseoxidation (1)
- Glycopeptoid (1)
- Glycoproteins (1)
- Glycosylierung (1)
- Glykan-Protein-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Glykochemie (1)
- Glykogele (1)
- Glykokonjugat (1)
- Glykokonjugate (1)
- Glykolipide (1)
- Glykomonomer (1)
- Glykopeptid (1)
- Glykopolymer (1)
- Glykopolymer-Elektrolyt (1)
- Glykoproteine (1)
- Glykosylierung (1)
- Gold Cluster (1)
- Gold-Kohlenstoff-Katalysatoren (1)
- Goldnanopartikel (1)
- Graphen (1)
- Graphitic carbon nitride (1)
- Green Chemistry (1)
- Grenzfläche (1)
- Grenzfläche Lösung/Tetradecan (1)
- Grenzflächenaktivität (1)
- Grenzflächenchemie (1)
- Grenzflächenpolarierung (1)
- Group Transfer polymerisation (1)
- Groß Schönebeck (1)
- HER (1)
- Haftvermittler (1)
- Halogenid-Perowskite (1)
- Harnstoff (1)
- Harnstoff-Glas-Route (1)
- Hartree Fock (1)
- Helicen (1)
- Hepcidin (1)
- Heptazine (1)
- Herkunft (1)
- Herstellung (1)
- Heteroatom Doping (1)
- Heteroatom-Dotierung (1)
- Heteroatom-Modifikation (1)
- Heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- Heterophase Polymerization (1)
- Heterophasenpolymerisation (1)
- Himbeerketon (1)
- Hofmeister (1)
- Hohlkugeln (1)
- Hollow Spheres (1)
- Holzmodifikation (1)
- Hyaluronic acid (1)
- Hyaluronsäure (1)
- Hybrid materials synthesis (1)
- Hybridmaterialien (1)
- Hydroborierung (1)
- Hydrogelen (1)
- Hydrogenolyse (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrophobizität (1)
- Hydrothermal Carbonization (1)
- Hydrothermal carbonisation (1)
- Hydrothermale Karbonisierung (1)
- Hydrothermalkohle (1)
- Hydrotrope (1)
- Hydroxyapatit (1)
- Hydroxyl (1)
- Hydroxymethylfurfural (1)
- Hyperpolarisierbarkeit (1)
- IR excitation (1)
- IR-Anregung (1)
- IR-MALDI (1)
- IRRAS (1)
- ISA (1)
- Imidazolium (1)
- Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDI) (1)
- Integrin (1)
- Inverse Micelle (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) (1)
- Ionen (1)
- Ionenaustauscher (1)
- Ionenmigration (1)
- Ionenmobilitäts-Berechnungen (1)
- Ionenmobilitätspektrometrie (1)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometry (IMS) (1)
- Ionenverteilung (1)
- Ionic Liquid (1)
- Ionic liquid monomers (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionisationspotential (1)
- Ionische Flüssigkeit (1)
- Ionisierungsenergie (1)
- Ionogel (1)
- Isoflavonoide (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (1)
- Isotherme Titrationskalorimetrie (1)
- Isothermen (1)
- Janus (1)
- Kalium- und Natrium-Ionen (1)
- Kapseln (1)
- Karbonnitrid Ionothermalsynthese (1)
- Kartierung (1)
- Katalysator (1)
- Kathode (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Kern-Hülle (1)
- Kern-Schale Aufkonvertierende Nanopartikel (1)
- Kerndynamik (1)
- Kinetics (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Klassiche Simulationen (1)
- Kleinwinkelstreuung (1)
- Klick (1)
- Klick Chemie (1)
- Klickchemie (1)
- Koaleszenz (1)
- Kobaltcarbonyl (1)
- Kohlenmaterialien (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Nanopunkte (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Punkte (1)
- Kohlenstofffilme (1)
- Kohlenstoffmaterial (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitrid (CN) (1)
- Kohlenstoffpartikel (1)
- Kohlenstoffsynthese (1)
- Kohlenstoffträger (1)
- Kohn Sham (1)
- Kollagen (1)
- Kollagenase (1)
- Komplexe (1)
- Kompositmaterial (1)
- Kompositpolymer (1)
- Konformationsänderungen (1)
- Kontaktdruck (1)
- Kooperativität (1)
- Koordinationskomplexe (1)
- Koordinationspolymere (1)
- Korkeiche (1)
- Korrelationsfunktion (1)
- Kraft lignin hydrogenolysis (1)
- Kraftlignin (1)
- Kraftsensoren (1)
- Kristallisation von Dünnschichten (1)
- Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- LB-Multilayer (1)
- LB-multilayer (1)
- LCST and UCST (1)
- LCST und UCST (1)
- Ladung Transport (1)
- Langmuir Monoschicht (1)
- Langmuir monolayers (1)
- Langmuir-Schaefer method (1)
- Langmuir-Schäfer-Methode (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Lanthano (1)
- Lanthanoidkomplexe (1)
- Laser induzierte Breakdown Spektroskopie (1)
- Laserablation-ICP-MS (1)
- Laserinduzierte Inkandeszenz (LII) (1)
- Laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS) (1)
- Laserpulse (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Layer-by-Layer Glykopolymerbeschichtung (1)
- Legierungen (1)
- Leitruss (1)
- Lektin (1)
- Lektine (1)
- Lerneinheit (1)
- Levoglucosenol (1)
- Levy walk (1)
- Levy-Bewegung (1)
- Lewatit TP 207 (1)
- Li-Batterien (1)
- Li-Ionen-Akkus (1)
- Li-Ionen-Kondensator (1)
- Li-S batteries (1)
- Li-S-Batterien (1)
- Li-batteries (1)
- Li-ion batteries (1)
- Li-ion capacitor (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- Lichtinduzierter Effekt (1)
- Lichtstreuung (1)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (1)
- Ligandendesign (1)
- Ligation (1)
- Lignane (1)
- Linear polarisierte Bestrahlung (1)
- Linienspannung (1)
- Liquid dispersion (1)
- Lithiophilizität (1)
- Lithium ion battery (1)
- Lithium-Ionen-Batterie (1)
- Lithium-Ionen-Kondensatoren (1)
- Lithium-Schwefel-Batterien (1)
- Luminescence (1)
- Lävulinsäure (1)
- Löschung (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- Lösungsmittel-thermisches Tempern (1)
- Lösungsmitteleffekte (1)
- Lösungsprozess (1)
- Lösungszustand (1)
- MEO2MA (1)
- MP2 (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetisch (1)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (1)
- Magnetismus (1)
- Magnetite (1)
- Magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- Magnetresonanztomographie (1)
- Makroinitiator (1)
- Makrozyklen (1)
- Mannuronsäure (1)
- Marangoni flow (1)
- Marangoni-Fluss (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Materialwissenschaft (1)
- Matrix-unterstützte Laser-Desorption/Ionisation (IR-MALDI) (1)
- Matsuda-Heck reaction (1)
- Matsuda-Heck-Reaktion (1)
- Maxwell-Wagner (1)
- Mechanism (1)
- Mechanotransduktion (1)
- Membranforschung bzw. Membranwissenschaften (1)
- Mesokristall (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporosität (1)
- Mesoporöse Materialien (1)
- Mesoskalentransformation (1)
- Metal Chalcogenides (1)
- Metal-organic framework (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metallchalkogenide (1)
- Metallnitrid-Kohlenstoff Komposite (1)
- Metallorganischen (1)
- Metalloxide (1)
- Methacrylat (1)
- Methacrylate (1)
- Methacrylates (1)
- Micr (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Microemulsion (1)
- Mikroalgen (1)
- Mikroemulsionen (1)
- Mikrogel-Array (1)
- Mikrogelketten (1)
- Mikrogelstränge (1)
- Mikrokapseln (1)
- Mikrokontaktdruck (1)
- Mikromanipulation (1)
- Mikrostruktur (1)
- Mikrotomographie (1)
- Mikrowelle (1)
- Mikrowellensynthese (1)
- Mixed-Matrix-Membran (1)
- Mizellbildung (1)
- Mizelle (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modifizierung von Polymeren (1)
- Molar masses (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Moleküle in äußeren Feldern (1)
- Molmassen (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monomersequenz (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Morphologie von Kapseln (1)
- Multi-Wellenlängen (1)
- Multiblock Copolymer (1)
- Multiblock copolymer (1)
- Multikompartiment-Mizellen (1)
- Muschelnachahmend (1)
- Mykotoxine (1)
- N-Acetyl-chitooligosaccharide (1)
- N-Alkylglycin (1)
- N-Carboxyanhydrid (1)
- N-Vinylcaprolactam (1)
- N-Vinylpyrrolidon (1)
- N-acetyl-chitooligosaccharides (1)
- N-alkyl-glycine (1)
- N-doped carbon (1)
- N-dotierter Kohlenstoff (1)
- N-vinylcaprolactame (1)
- N-vinylpyrrolidone (1)
- N2 fixation (1)
- N2-Fixierung (1)
- NEXAFS (1)
- NHC (1)
- NMR (1)
- NTF (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nahinfrarot (NIR) (1)
- Nano (1)
- Nanofluidik (1)
- Nanokapseln (1)
- Nanokomposit (1)
- Nanolinsen (1)
- Nanomaterialien (1)
- Nanoparticles, Adhesion, Interfaces, Bubble, Imaging (1)
- Nanopartikel Substrat Interaktionen (1)
- Nanopartikeln (1)
- Nanopartikeln-Anordnung (1)
- Nanoplastik (1)
- Nanoplättchen (1)
- Nanospindeln (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Nanostruktur (1)
- Nanostrukturen (1)
- Nanostäbchen (1)
- Nanotechnology (1)
- Naphthalenophane (1)
- Naphthalenophanes (1)
- Naphthalimid (1)
- Nassfestigkeit (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Akkumulator (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Batterie (1)
- Naturstoff (1)
- Negative Poisson’s ratio (1)
- Negatives Poisson-Verhältnis (1)
- Neurotransmitter (1)
- Neutronen Diffraktion (1)
- Neutronen Reflektometrie (1)
- Nichtlineare Spektroskopie (1)
- Nichtwässrige Synthese (1)
- Nickel-Kohlenstoff-Katalysatoren (1)
- Nitrides (1)
- Nitrobenzyl (1)
- Nitrogen Physisorption (1)
- Normalmodenanalyse (1)
- Nukleation (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- OEGMA (1)
- OER (1)
- OFET (1)
- ORR (1)
- OSK (1)
- OSTK (1)
- Oberflächenbeschichtung (1)
- Oberflächenkräfte (1)
- Oberflächenmodifikation (1)
- Oberflächenmodifizierung (1)
- Oberflächenplasmonenlasmonen (1)
- Oberflächenpotential (1)
- Oberflächentopografie (1)
- Oberfächen (1)
- Olefin Metathese (1)
- Olefin metathesis (1)
- Oligomere (1)
- Oligospiroketal (1)
- On-demand Freisetzung (1)
- On-demand release (1)
- On.Line Monitoring (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Optimale Kontrolltheorie (1)
- Organic photovoltaic Cell (1)
- Organische Chemie (1)
- Organische Photovoltaikzelle (1)
- Organo-Silikate (1)
- Organogel (1)
- Organosilica (1)
- Orientierungsbewegung (1)
- Origo-Spiro-Thio-Ketal-Stäbe (1)
- Oscillating Bubble (1)
- Oxalat-Fällung (1)
- Oxidkeramik (1)
- Oxinitride (1)
- Oxo-Kohlenstoff (1)
- Oxynitrides (1)
- PAN Emulsionspolymerisation (1)
- PARAFAC (1)
- PEG brushes (1)
- PEG-Funktionalisierung (1)
- PEI (1)
- PFG-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- PMS activation (1)
- POD (1)
- POF; Reliabilität; Abbau; Chemilumineszenz (1)
- POF; reliability; degradation; chemiluminescence (1)
- PZT (1)
- Pachkungsdichte (1)
- Patchy Partikel (1)
- Paxillin (1)
- PdCo (1)
- Peptid-Polymer-Konjugate (1)
- Peptiden (1)
- Perlmutt (1)
- Perovskite (1)
- Perovskites (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Perowskit Solarzellen (1)
- Perowskit Vorläuferstadien (1)
- Perowskite (1)
- Perylen (1)
- Pfropfcopolymere (1)
- Phase transitions (1)
- Phasenmodulationsspektroskopie (1)
- Phasenübergang (1)
- Phasenübergänge (1)
- Phenol (1)
- Phospholipid (1)
- Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder-Reaktion (1)
- Photoanregung (1)
- Photochemische Reaktionen (1)
- Photodesorption (1)
- Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- Photoexcitation (1)
- Photoinduzierte Polymerisation (1)
- Photoinitiierte Polymerisationen (1)
- Photon density waves (1)
- Photonendichtewellen (1)
- Photoorientierung (1)
- Photooxygenation (1)
- Photooxygenierung (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photopolymerisation (1)
- Photopolymers (1)
- Physical Crosslinking (1)
- Physikalische Vernetzung (1)
- Pickering Emulsion (1)
- Poly(2-oxazolin)-Blockcopolymer (1)
- Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamid) (1)
- Poly(N-Isopropylmethacrylamid) (1)
- Poly(N-Vinylisobutyramid) (1)
- Poly(amidoamine) (1)
- Poly(ionische Flüssigkeit) (1)
- Poly(lactic acid) (1)
- Poly(methyl methacrylate (1)
- Poly(ε-caprolacton) (1)
- Polyacetylene (1)
- Polydisulfide (1)
- Polyeste r (1)
- Polyester (1)
- Polyether (1)
- Polyethylenglykole (1)
- Polyethylenimin (1)
- Polyfluoren (1)
- Polyglycin (1)
- Polykation (1)
- Polykondensation (1)
- Polylactid (1)
- Polymer Modification (1)
- Polymer films (1)
- Polymer physics (1)
- Polymerfilme (1)
- Polymerionogel (1)
- Polymerisierbare ionische Flüssigkeiten (1)
- Polymerkristallisation (1)
- Polymernetzwerk (1)
- Polymerphysik (1)
- Polymersynthese (1)
- Polymertenside (1)
- Polymethylmethacrylat (1)
- Polymilchsäure (1)
- Polyolefin (1)
- Polyoxazolin (1)
- Polypeptide (1)
- Polypeptoide (1)
- Polysulfobetaine (1)
- Polysulfon (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Populationsanalyse (1)
- Poröse Materialien (1)
- Poröser Kohlenstoff (1)
- Poröser Stoff (1)
- Porösität (1)
- Post-Modifikationen (1)
- Precision Agriculture (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein Microcapsules (1)
- Protein-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Protein-Polymer Konjugaten (1)
- Proteinadsorption (1)
- Proteincharakterisierung (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinmikrokapseln (1)
- Protonenleitfähigkeit (1)
- Präkursor (1)
- PtCo (1)
- Punkt-für-Punkt-Einschreibemethode (1)
- Pyrolyse (1)
- QD device (1)
- QD stability (1)
- QD-Gerät (1)
- QD-Stabilität (1)
- QM/MM (1)
- QM/MM Molekulardynamik (1)
- QM/MM stochastic dynamics (1)
- Quadratsäure (1)
- Quantenausbeute (1)
- Quantenchemie (1)
- Quantendynamik (1)
- Quantendynamische Simulationen (1)
- Quantum dynamics (1)
- Quantumdots (1)
- Quercus suber (1)
- Química de Coloides (1)
- RAFT polymerisation (1)
- RAFT, Polymerisation (1)
- RAFT-Polymerization (1)
- RAFT/MADIX Polymerisation (1)
- RAFT/MADIX polymerization (1)
- ROMP (1)
- ROP (1)
- Radikalreaktionen (1)
- Radikalrekombination (1)
- Radiosensibilisator (1)
- Rasterkraftmikroskopie (1)
- Reaktion (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismen (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismus (1)
- Redoxchemie (1)
- Renewable Resources (1)
- Rerenzmaterial (1)
- Resonante Energie Transfer (1)
- Resonanz-Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Retrosynthese (1)
- Rhenium (1)
- Rhenium(V) (1)
- Rheologie (1)
- Rhodamin B (1)
- Riboflavin (1)
- Ringschlussmetathese (1)
- Ringspannung (1)
- Ringöffnungspolymerisation (1)
- Rohrreaktor (1)
- Rotationsbarriere (1)
- Rotliegend (1)
- Ruthenium (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- SAM (1)
- SEC-MALS (1)
- SFG (1)
- SHG (1)
- SLS (1)
- STM (1)
- Saccharide Recognition (1)
- Salts (1)
- Salze (1)
- Salzschmelze (1)
- Sauerstoff Reduktion (1)
- Sauerstoff-Reduktionsreaktion (1)
- Sauerstofflöschung (1)
- Sauerstoffsensorik (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schaumfilme (1)
- Schmelz (1)
- Schwefel-Ligand (1)
- Schwefelwirt (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Schwermetallentfernung (1)
- Schwingungsanregung (1)
- Schwingungsaufgelöste UV/VIS-Spektroskopie (1)
- Schwingungsspektroskopie (1)
- Sekundärstruktur (1)
- Selbstdiffusion (1)
- Selbstheilende Beschichtungen (1)
- Seltene Erdelemente (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Shadowgraphie (1)
- Shadowgraphy (1)
- Shape-memory (1)
- Silbernanopartikel (1)
- Silica (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Siliciumdioxid (1)
- Silika (1)
- Silika Partikel (1)
- Silikonelastomere (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Singletoxygen (1)
- Sintern von Nanopartikeln (1)
- Skalierungsmethode von Champagne (1)
- Soft-Templaten (1)
- Soil (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solid phase synthesis (1)
- Solubilisierung (1)
- Solution phase synthesis (1)
- Solvatochromie (1)
- Solvothermalsynthese (1)
- Sonication (1)
- Spannungskonzentrationen (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spermidin (1)
- Spezies (1)
- Sprengstoffe (1)
- Spritzgießen (1)
- Sprungwahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Stab (1)
- Stabilität von Emulsionen (1)
- Stabilität von Schäumen (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stereokomplex (1)
- Stereokomplexierung (1)
- Sternpolymere (1)
- Stickstoff Physisorption (1)
- Stickstoffdotiert (1)
- Stickstoff‑ und Kohlenstoffhaltige Materialien (1)
- Stilben (1)
- Stimuli-Sensitivität (1)
- Stoßquerschnitt (1)
- Stress concentration (1)
- Stressrelaxation (1)
- Stressrelaxierung (1)
- Structure elucidation (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Strömungschemie (1)
- Styrol (1)
- Stäbchen-Knäul; amphiphile Blockcopolymere; ; Polypeptide; Festphasen; Struktur; Morphologie; Kolloide; Selbstorganisation; Vesikel; schaltbare Aggr (1)
- Substrat (1)
- Sulfation (1)
- Superkondensator (1)
- Supramolecular Interactions (1)
- Supramolekular (1)
- Supramolekularen Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Surface Hopping Dynamik (1)
- Surfactant (1)
- Surfactants (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Syngas Hydrogenation (1)
- Syngashydrierung (1)
- Synthesemethoden (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- Synthetische Biologie (1)
- T3 (1)
- TDDFT (1)
- TEM (1)
- TRANES (1)
- TRES (1)
- Tandemmassenspektrometrie (1)
- Tannine (1)
- Temperaturänderungen (1)
- Templat (1)
- Templatgesteuerte Assemblierung (1)
- Templatierung (1)
- Templating (1)
- Templatphase (1)
- Tensid (1)
- Tensiddynamik (1)
- Tensor (1)
- Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (1)
- Thermoplastic elastomer (1)
- Thermoresponsiv (1)
- Thiazol-Salze (1)
- Thio-Click Modifizierung (1)
- Thio-click modification (1)
- Thioacetale (1)
- Thioacetals (1)
- Thioglycoside (1)
- Thiol-En (1)
- Thiole (1)
- Thiophen und Benzodithiophen Copolymere (1)
- Thiophene and Benzodithiophene copolymers (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- Time-resolved Immunoassay (1)
- Titandioxid (1)
- Trajektorien (1)
- Transfektion (1)
- Transient (1)
- Transition metal complexes (1)
- Transitionmetals (1)
- Triazin (1)
- Triblock Copolymers (1)
- Triblock-Copolymere (1)
- Trichloracetimidate (1)
- Trichloroacetimidates (1)
- Triiodthyronin (1)
- Tropfen (1)
- Tropfenoszillationen (1)
- Tropfenprofil-Analysen-Tensiometrie (1)
- Tully-Algorithmus (1)
- Two-Photon-Absorption (1)
- UV (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- Ultradünne Filme (1)
- Umweltreaktion (1)
- Upgrade of Fructose (1)
- Uranyl (1)
- Urea-Glas-Route (1)
- Uronsäuren (1)
- Valerolacton (1)
- Vanadium(IV) (1)
- Vektor (1)
- Verbindungen auf Eisenbasis (1)
- Verdunstung (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Vesikel Forschung/Vesikel Studien (1)
- Vibronik (1)
- Vinylsulfonylverbindungen (1)
- Viskoelastizität (1)
- Vorstufe (1)
- WANG-Linker (1)
- WANG-linker (1)
- WAXS (1)
- Wasser auf Aluminiumoxid (1)
- Wasser-Luft-Grenzfläche (1)
- Wasser-in-Öl-Mikroemulsion (1)
- Wasser/Luft Grenzflächen (1)
- Wasser/Öl-Grenzfläche (1)
- Wassergehalt (1)
- Wasseroberfläche (1)
- Wasserspaltung (1)
- Wasserstoff (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- Weitwinkelröntgenstreuung (1)
- Winterschachtelhalm (1)
- Wirkung des Ionenstärken (1)
- Wirkung des pH-Werten (1)
- Wissenschaftskommunikation (1)
- Wissenschaftskommunikationstypen (1)
- Wärmetransformationsanwendungen (1)
- X-ray (1)
- XMCD (1)
- XPS (1)
- Z-E Isomerisierung (1)
- Zeitabhängige Dichtefunktionaltheorie (1)
- Zeitaufgelöste Lumineszenz (1)
- Zeitaufgelöster Immunoassay (1)
- Zell-Umwelt-Interaktionen (1)
- Zellgewebe (1)
- Zellmarkierung (1)
- Zellmigration (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- Zeolites (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zimtsäureester (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zuckererkennung (1)
- Zweikernkomplexe (1)
- Zweiphotonenanregung (1)
- [2+2]-Cycloaddition (1)
- [2+2]-cycloaddition (1)
- a (1)
- ab-initio Dynamik (1)
- ab-initio dynamics (1)
- abbaubares Polymer (1)
- acoustically levitated droplets (1)
- activated urethane (1)
- activation entropy (1)
- active polymers (1)
- actuator (1)
- additive Fertigung (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- additives (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adhesive (1)
- adsorbate vibrations (1)
- aerogel (1)
- aggregate (1)
- aggregation (1)
- aktive Polymere (1)
- aktiviertes Urethan (1)
- akustisch schwebende Tropfen (1)
- alkine (1)
- all-carbon composites (1)
- alumina (1)
- aluminum alloy (1)
- amine (1)
- amino acids (1)
- aminolysis (1)
- ammonia (1)
- amorph (1)
- amorphes Calciumcarbonat (1)
- amphiphilic block copolymers (1)
- amphiphilic polymers (1)
- analytical ultracentrifugation (1)
- anisotrop (1)
- anisotropic (1)
- anisotropic colloids (1)
- anisotropic microgels (1)
- anisotropy (1)
- anode (1)
- anorganisch-organische Hybrid-Nanopartikel (1)
- anthracene (1)
- anti-fouling (1)
- antibody staining (1)
- antifouling (1)
- antifreeze additive (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- aptamers (1)
- aqueous systems (1)
- aromats (1)
- articulated (1)
- artificial cells (1)
- aryl C-glycoside (1)
- associated anisotropy (1)
- associative thickeners (1)
- assoziative Photodesorption (1)
- asymmetric (1)
- asymmetric synthesis (1)
- asymmetrisch (1)
- asymmetrische Synthese (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- azide (1)
- barrier of rotation energy (1)
- battery (1)
- begrenzte Polymerisation (1)
- benzoboroxole (1)
- beta-lactoglobulin (1)
- bilayer system (1)
- bio-based methacrylates (1)
- bio-based monomers (1)
- bio-modification (1)
- bioactive (1)
- bioaktiv (1)
- biobasierte Methacrylate (1)
- biobasierte Monomere (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biohybrid membrane materials (1)
- bioinspiration (1)
- bioinspired composite (1)
- bioinspirierte Komposite (1)
- biological membranes (1)
- biologische Membranen (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomass valorization (1)
- biomaterial (1)
- biomimetics and semiconducting polymers (1)
- biomineralization (1)
- biopolymers (1)
- biorelevant (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biosensors (1)
- biosilicification (1)
- biotin streptavidin (1)
- biphenol (1)
- bipolar blockcopolymers (1)
- bipolare Blockcopolymere (1)
- birch bark (1)
- bleifreie Perowskit-Solarzellen (1)
- block copolymer vesicles (1)
- blockcopolymer (1)
- blockcopolymere (1)
- boronic acid (1)
- broadband (1)
- bubble-bubble interaction (1)
- bulk gels (1)
- bulk-mediated surface diffusion (1)
- c-reactive protein (1)
- caged Verbindungen (1)
- caged compounds (1)
- capillary pressure tensiometry (1)
- capsule morphology (1)
- carbides (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carbon dots (1)
- carbon fibre (1)
- carbon films (1)
- carbon material (1)
- carbon nanodots (1)
- carbon particle (1)
- carbon supports (1)
- carbon synthesis (1)
- casted-films (1)
- casting (1)
- catalyst (1)
- catalyst functionalization (1)
- catalysts (1)
- catalytic application (1)
- cathode (1)
- cavity ring-down (1)
- cell labeling probe (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell-environment interactions (1)
- cellular tissue (1)
- cellulose-binding (1)
- ceramics (1)
- chalcogenide (1)
- chalcon (1)
- charge transfer (1)
- chelating cation exchanger (1)
- chemometrics (1)
- chiral sensing (1)
- chiral separation (1)
- chirale Trennung (1)
- chitin (1)
- chitinase (1)
- chromanone (1)
- chromatography (1)
- chromone (1)
- cinnamic ester (1)
- cis-trans Isomerisierung (1)
- citrazinic acid (1)
- classical dynamics (1)
- click (1)
- clusters (1)
- co-nonsolvency (1)
- coalescence (1)
- cobalt (1)
- cobalt dicarbonyl (1)
- cobalt nanoparticles (1)
- colloid chemistry (1)
- colloidal chemistry (1)
- colloidal lithography (1)
- colloidal quantum dot (1)
- complex emulsion (1)
- complexes (1)
- composite (1)
- composite materials (1)
- condensed phase systems (1)
- conducting soot (1)
- confined polymerization (1)
- confinement (1)
- conjugated small molecules (1)
- conjugates (1)
- controlled polymerization (1)
- cooperativity (1)
- coordination complexes (1)
- copolymerization (1)
- copolymerization diagrams (1)
- copper (1)
- core-shell (1)
- core-shell UCNP (1)
- correlation function (1)
- coumarin (1)
- covalent frameworks (1)
- cross-linking (1)
- cryo-TEM (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- curriculum innovation (1)
- cyanine dyes (1)
- cyclic voltammetry (1)
- decomposition (1)
- deep eutectic solvents (1)
- defect chemistry (1)
- degradable polymer (1)
- degradation (1)
- deoxyfructosazine (1)
- design of experiments (1)
- diamondoid (1)
- diazotransfer (1)
- diffusion (1)
- diffusion barrier (1)
- dihydrobenzofurans (1)
- dihydroxyacetone (1)
- dimensional stability (1)
- directed organization (1)
- dissertation (1)
- dissociative electron attachment (1)
- distance distribution (1)
- disulfide (1)
- doping (1)
- double hydrophilic block copolymers (1)
- double strand break (1)
- drop (1)
- drop and bubble coalescence (1)
- drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- drop-drop interaction (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- dynamic hyperpolarizability (1)
- dynamic interfacial tensions (1)
- dynamische Hyperpolarisierbarkeit (1)
- dünne Filme (1)
- electrical switches (1)
- electroactive polymers (1)
- electroluminescence (1)
- electroluminescent foil (1)
- electroluminsecence (1)
- electrolyte sensitivity (1)
- electron correlation (1)
- electron dynamics (1)
- electron tomography (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- electrospray ionization (ESI) (1)
- elektroaktive Polymere (1)
- elektronische Schalter (1)
- ellipsometry (1)
- emperical potential structure refinement (1)
- emulatorfrei (1)
- emulsifier-free (1)
- emulsions (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- end-groups (1)
- endoperoxides (1)
- endothelization (1)
- energy conversion (1)
- energy density (1)
- energy storage mechanism (1)
- ensamblaje de nanopartículas (1)
- environmental response (1)
- enzymatically active membrane (1)
- enzymatische Katalyse (1)
- enzyme (1)
- enzyme immobilization (1)
- enzyme/polymer conjugate (1)
- epoxidierte Phenylpropanoide (1)
- epoxidierte Terpene (1)
- epoxidized phenylpropanoids (1)
- epoxidized terpenes (1)
- estructuras templadas blandas (1)
- ethylene (1)
- europium (1)
- evaporation (1)
- expandierbar (1)
- expansion (1)
- explosives (1)
- extracellular matrix proteins (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- ferrofluid (1)
- fiber (1)
- fiber Bragg graiting (1)
- fiber etching (1)
- fiber optical sensor (1)
- fibres (1)
- film (1)
- film former (1)
- films (1)
- fluorescence anisotropy (1)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluorescence probe experiments (1)
- fluorescence sensor (1)
- fluorinated Blockcopolymers (1)
- fluorinated polymers (1)
- fluoroionophore (1)
- fluorous chemistry (1)
- flux de Marangoni (1)
- flüssigkristallin (1)
- flüssigkristalline Netzwerke (1)
- foam (1)
- foam films (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- fokale Adhäsionen (1)
- force sensors (1)
- formation fluid (1)
- formose (1)
- freie Aktivierungsenthalpie (1)
- functional (1)
- functionalized (1)
- functionalized methyl oleate (1)
- funktional (1)
- funktionalisiert (1)
- gadolinium (1)
- gas permeation (1)
- gas sensing (1)
- gelation (1)
- gels (1)
- gene therapy (1)
- geometry (1)
- geothermal (1)
- gerichtete Struckturbildung (1)
- glycan-protein interaction (1)
- glyco chemistry (1)
- glycoconjugate (1)
- glycoconjugates (1)
- glycogels (1)
- glycolipids (1)
- glycomonomer (1)
- glycopeptide (1)
- glycopeptoid (1)
- glycopolymer (1)
- glycopolymer electrolytes (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- gold-carbon catalysts (1)
- gouttes (1)
- gouttes sessiles (1)
- graft copolymers (1)
- grafting-from (1)
- graphene (1)
- großflächige Liganden (1)
- halide perovskite (1)
- heat transformation application (1)
- heavy metal removal (1)
- heavy metals (1)
- heiße Elektronen (1)
- helicene (1)
- hemocompatibility (1)
- hepcidin (1)
- heptazine (1)
- heteroatom (1)
- heteroatom modification (1)
- heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- heterodinuklear (1)
- hierarchical pore structure (1)
- hierarchische Porenstruktur (1)
- high energy density (1)
- high quantum yield (1)
- hohe Energiedichte (1)
- hohe Quantenausbeute (1)
- hollow microfibers (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- human keratinocytes (1)
- humane Keratinozyten (1)
- humaninduzierte pluripotente Stammzellen (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hybrid materials (1)
- hybrid nanostructures (1)
- hybride Nanostrukturen (1)
- hydrogen (1)
- hydrolysis (1)
- hydrophil (1)
- hydrophilic (1)
- hydrophobe Moleküle (1)
- hydrophobic molecules (1)
- hydrophobicity (1)
- hydrothermal carbon (1)
- hydrothermale Carbonisierung (1)
- hydrotropes (1)
- hydroxy (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- hyperpolarizability (1)
- imidazolium (1)
- in-operando SAXS (1)
- injection molding (1)
- inorganic (1)
- inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticle (1)
- interface (1)
- interfaces (1)
- interfacial dynamics (1)
- interfacial forces (1)
- intermolecular interactions (1)
- intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen (1)
- internal membrane-membrane adhesion (1)
- interne Membran-Membran Adhäsion (1)
- intra- and extracellular (1)
- intra- und extrazellulär (1)
- inverse Opale (1)
- inverse opal (1)
- ion distribution (1)
- ion exchange (1)
- ion migration (1)
- ion mobility calculations (1)
- ion selective electrode (1)
- ionenselektive Elektrode (1)
- ionic defects (1)
- ionic liquiod (1)
- ionic polymers (1)
- ionic strength effect (1)
- ionischen Polymere (1)
- ionisierende Strahlung (1)
- ionization energy (1)
- ionization potential (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- ionogel (1)
- ionothermal (1)
- ionothermale Synthese (1)
- ions (1)
- iron oxide nanoparticle (1)
- iron-based compounds (1)
- iron-carbon nanotube catalysts (1)
- isoflavonoids (1)
- janus emulsion (1)
- kinetics (1)
- klassische Diffusionstheorie (1)
- klebend (1)
- kolloidale Lithographie (1)
- kolloidale Stabilität (1)
- kolloidaler Quantenpunkt (1)
- kolloidchemie (1)
- komplexe Emulsion (1)
- kondensierte Phase (1)
- konjugierte Polymere (1)
- konjugierte kleine Moleküle (1)
- kontrollierte Polymerisation (1)
- kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisation (1)
- kovalente Rahmenbedingungen (1)
- künstliche Zellen (1)
- lanthanide (1)
- lanthanide complexes (1)
- lanthanides (1)
- laser pulses (1)
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- laser-induced incandescence (LII) (1)
- laserinduzierte Breakdownspektroskopie (1)
- layer-by-layer (1)
- layer-by-layer glycopolymer coating (1)
- layered compounds (1)
- lead-free perovskites (1)
- learning unit (1)
- lectin (1)
- lectins (1)
- levoglucosenol (1)
- levulinic acid (1)
- lichtinduziert (1)
- liegende Tropfen (1)
- ligand (1)
- ligand design (1)
- light induced (1)
- light scattering (1)
- light-programmable viscosity (1)
- lignin (1)
- linearly polarized irradiation (1)
- liquid crystalline (1)
- liquid phase synthesis (1)
- liquid-crystalline elastomers (1)
- liquid-phase catalysis (1)
- lithiophilicity (1)
- lithium ion capacitors (1)
- lithium sulfur battery (1)
- low-energy electrons (1)
- lubricant (1)
- lösungsmittelfreie Synthese (1)
- macrocycles (1)
- magnetism (1)
- mannuronic acid (1)
- material science (1)
- materials science (1)
- mechanotransduction (1)
- medium-vermittelte Oberflächendiffusion (1)
- mehrschichtige Verbindungen (1)
- meltable PAN (1)
- melting (1)
- membrane (1)
- membrane science (1)
- meso (1)
- mesocrystal (1)
- mesoporous materials (1)
- mesoscale transormation (1)
- mesostructure (1)
- metal (1)
- metal alloys (1)
- metal nitride carbon composites (1)
- metal organic framework (1)
- metal organic frameworks (1)
- metal-organic framework (1)
- metallorganische Netzwerke (1)
- metallorganischen Gerüstverbindungen (1)
- metalorganic frameworks (1)
- methacrylate (1)
- micelle (1)
- micellization (1)
- micro (1)
- microcapsules (1)
- microcontact printing (1)
- microemulsion (1)
- microemulsiones (1)
- microemulsions (1)
- microgel array (1)
- microgel chains (1)
- microgel strands (1)
- microgels (1)
- micromanipulation (1)
- microparticles (1)
- microporous polymers (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microtomography (1)
- mikroporöse Polymere (1)
- mikrowellengestützte Synthese (1)
- mixed-matrix-membrane (1)
- modelling (1)
- moisture content (1)
- mold fungi (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular mechanics (1)
- molecular rods (1)
- molekulare Stäbe (1)
- molekularer Abstand (1)
- monodispers (1)
- monodisperse (1)
- monolith (1)
- monomer-sequence (1)
- morphology (1)
- motif périodique (1)
- mould (1)
- multi-compartmentalised vesicles (1)
- multi-kompartmentalisierte Vesikel (1)
- multi-stimuli sensitiv materials (1)
- multi-stimuli sensitive Materialien (1)
- multicompartment micelle (1)
- multicompartment micelles (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multifunktionale Polymere (1)
- multiresponsiv (1)
- multiresponsive (1)
- multiwavelength (1)
- mussel-mimicking (1)
- mycotoxins (1)
- nachhaltige Energiespeichermaterialien (1)
- nacre (1)
- nanocapsules (1)
- nanoestructuras (1)
- nanoestructuras híbridas (1)
- nanofluidics (1)
- nanolenses (1)
- nanomaterials (1)
- nanoparticle assembly (1)
- nanoparticle sintering (1)
- nanoparticle substrate interactions (1)
- nanopartículas (1)
- nanoplastic (1)
- nanoporous carbon particles (1)
- nanoporöser Kohlenstoffpartikel (1)
- nanorods (1)
- nanospindles (1)
- nanostructure (1)
- nanostructured composite (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- nanotechnology (1)
- naphthalimide (1)
- near-infrared (NIR) (1)
- neolignans (1)
- neurotransmitter (1)
- neutron diffraction (1)
- neutron reflectometry (1)
- nicht-lineare Optik (1)
- nicht-viral (1)
- nichtadiabatische Kopplung (1)
- nichtadibatische Dynamik (1)
- nichtlineare Mechanik (1)
- nichtlineare Optik (1)
- nichtwässrige Synthese (1)
- nickel-carbon catalysts (1)
- niederenergetische Elektronen (1)
- nitrides (1)
- nitrobenzyl (1)
- nitrogen containing carbonaceous materials (1)
- nitrogen doped carbons (1)
- nitrogen-doped (1)
- non-adiabatic coupling (1)
- non-adiabatic dynamic (1)
- non-linear mechanics (1)
- non-linear optics (1)
- non-viral (1)
- nonlinear optics (1)
- obere kritische Lösetemperatur (1)
- oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Streuung (1)
- off-specular scattering (1)
- oligo spiro thio ketal rods (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) (1)
- oligo(ethyleneglycol) (1)
- oligomers (1)
- onsite monitoring (1)
- op (1)
- opal (1)
- open source (1)
- open system density matrix theory (1)
- optimal control theory (1)
- optis (1)
- optischer Fasersensor (1)
- organic dipoles (1)
- organic light emitting diode (1)
- organic semiconductors (1)
- organic solvent (1)
- organic-inorganic c (1)
- organische Dipole (1)
- organische Halbleiter (1)
- organische Licht emittierende Diode (1)
- organogel (1)
- organometallics (1)
- origin (1)
- oscillating bubble (1)
- oxalic precipitation (1)
- oxides (1)
- oxocarbon (1)
- pH effect (1)
- pH-responsive (1)
- paramagnetic (1)
- paramagnetisch (1)
- particle assembly (1)
- periodic pattern (1)
- periodisches Muster (1)
- perovskite precursors (1)
- perylene (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phenol (1)
- phosphonate containing polymers (1)
- phosphonathaltige Polymere (1)
- phosphorescent Terpolymers (1)
- phosphoreszente Terpolymere (1)
- photo induced polymerization (1)
- photo ionization (1)
- photocatalytic water splitting (1)
- photochemical reactions (1)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- photoinitiated cationic polymerization (1)
- photoinitiated free radical (1)
- photoinitiated polymerization (1)
- photoinitiierte Polymerisation (1)
- photoinitiierte freie radikalische Polymerisation (1)
- photoinitiierte kationische Polymerisation (1)
- photokatalytische Wasserspaltung (1)
- photonic crystall (1)
- photonischer Kristall (1)
- photoorientation (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photoredox catalysis (1)
- photosensitiv (1)
- photosensitive (1)
- photovoltaische Materialien (1)
- physical (1)
- physical hydrogels (1)
- physikalisch (1)
- physikalisch-chemisch (1)
- physikalische Hydrogele (1)
- physiolgischer pH (1)
- physiological pH (1)
- plasmonic chemistry (1)
- plasmonic nanoparticles (1)
- plasmonische Chemie (1)
- platform chemicals (1)
- point-by-point-inscription method (1)
- poly(2-oxazoline) (1)
- poly(2-oxazoline)s (1)
- poly(2-oxazolines) (1)
- poly(L-Asparaginsäure) (1)
- poly(L-Glutaminsäure) (1)
- poly(L-Serin) (1)
- poly(L-aspartic acid) (1)
- poly(L-glutamic acid) (1)
- poly(L-serine) (1)
- poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (1)
- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (1)
- poly(N-vinyl isobutyramide) (1)
- poly(O-phospho-L-Serin) (1)
- poly(O-phospho-L-serine) (1)
- poly(amidoamine) (1)
- poly(disulfide)s (1)
- poly(ionic liquid) (1)
- poly(ionic liquid)s (1)
- poly(ionische Flüssigkeiten) (1)
- poly(ε-caprolactone) (1)
- polyacetylenes (1)
- polycondensation (1)
- polydopamine (1)
- polyelectrolyte membranes (1)
- polyethelenimine (1)
- polyglycine (1)
- polylactide (1)
- polymer crystallization (1)
- polymer induced Biomineralization (1)
- polymer ionogel (1)
- polymer network (1)
- polymer synthesis (1)
- polymer-peptide-conjugates (1)
- polymerer Stabilisator (1)
- polymeric stabilizer (1)
- polymerised ionic liquids (1)
- polymervermittelte Biomineralisation (1)
- polyolefin (1)
- polyoxazoline (1)
- polypeptoids (1)
- polysulfobetaine (1)
- polysulfone (1)
- polyurethanes (1)
- porosity (1)
- porous carbon (1)
- porous carbon-based materials (1)
- porous carbons (1)
- porous polymers (1)
- poröse Kohlenstoffe (1)
- poröse Kohlenstoffmaterialien (1)
- poröse Polymere (1)
- poröse Struktur (1)
- porösen Materialien auf Kohlenstoffbasis (1)
- poröser Kohlenstoff (1)
- post-modification (1)
- potassium and sodium ions (1)
- potential chitinase inhibitors (1)
- potentielle Chitinaseinhibitoren (1)
- printing (1)
- printing inks (1)
- programmable friction (1)
- protein NMR spectroscopy (1)
- protein adsorption (1)
- protein characterization (1)
- protein polymer conjugate (1)
- protein stabilized foams (1)
- proteins (1)
- proton conductivity (1)
- précipitation (1)
- précipitation oxalique (1)
- pyrolysis (1)
- quantenchemische Berechnungen (1)
- quantum chemical calculations (1)
- quantum chemistry (1)
- quantum mechanical calculation (1)
- quantum yield (1)
- quenching (1)
- radical (1)
- radical reactions (1)
- radical recombination (1)
- radikalische Polymerisation (1)
- radiosensitizer (1)
- random copolymers (1)
- rare earth elements (1)
- raspberry ketone (1)
- reactions (1)
- reactive flux rate constants (1)
- reactive templating (1)
- redox chemistry (1)
- reduction (1)
- reference material (1)
- renewable raw materials (1)
- renewable resources (1)
- renewables (1)
- resonance Raman spectroscopy (1)
- resonance energy transfer (1)
- responsive (1)
- responsive polymer (1)
- retrosynthesis (1)
- reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (1)
- reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (1)
- rheology (1)
- rhodamine b (1)
- ring closing metathesis (1)
- rising bubble (1)
- rod (1)
- rod-coil; amphiphilic block copolymers; polypeptide; solid state; structure; morphology; kolloids; self assembly; vesicles; switchable aggregates (1)
- salt melt (1)
- schaltbare Materialien (1)
- schaltbare Polymere (1)
- schizophrenes Verhalten (1)
- schizophrenic behavior (1)
- schmelzbares PAN (1)
- schwach saure Chelataustauscher (1)
- science communication (1)
- science communication types (1)
- second harmonic generation (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- sel (1)
- selbstanordnend (1)
- selbstassemblierende Monolagen (1)
- selbstorganisierte Einzelschichten (1)
- self-assembled monolayer (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- self-healing coatings (1)
- self-organisation (1)
- selfassembling (1)
- sensor (1)
- sessile droplet (1)
- shape-memory (1)
- shape-memory effect (1)
- shape-memory polymer (1)
- shape-memory polymers (1)
- sichtbares Licht Photokatalyse (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silica particles (1)
- silicone elastomers (1)
- silikat (1)
- silver nanoparticles (1)
- single crystals (1)
- single strand break (1)
- single-atom catalysis (1)
- single-cell (1)
- single-molecule detection (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- small-angle scattering (1)
- small-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- smart materials (1)
- sodium-ion batteries (1)
- sodium-ion battery (1)
- soft and hard templating (1)
- soft template (1)
- soft-templates (1)
- soil analysis (1)
- solid phase extraction (1)
- solid-state-electrolyte (1)
- solution process (1)
- solvatochrome (1)
- solvent effect (1)
- solvent extraction (1)
- solvent-free reactions (1)
- solvo-thermal annealing (1)
- solvothermal synthesis (1)
- sortase-mediated ligation (1)
- spacer group (1)
- species (1)
- spectroscopic ruler (1)
- spektroskopisches Lineal (1)
- spermidine (1)
- spiropyran copolymer (1)
- squaric acid (1)
- star polymers (1)
- stark eutektisches Lösungsmittel (1)
- static hyperpolarizability (1)
- statische Hyperpolarisierbarkeit (1)
- statistische Copolymere (1)
- statistische Versuchsplanung (Design of Experiments) (1)
- steigende Blasen (1)
- stereocomplexation (1)
- stickstoffdotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- stilbene (1)
- stimul-responsive (1)
- stimul-responsive emulsion (1)
- stimuli-response (1)
- stimuli-sensitive (1)
- stimuli-sensitivity (1)
- strain energy (1)
- stress relaxation (1)
- stress-relaxation (1)
- styrene (1)
- substrate (1)
- sulfur host (1)
- sulfur ligands (1)
- supercapacitor (1)
- supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) (1)
- superparamagnetic (1)
- superparamagnetisch (1)
- supramolecular (1)
- supramolecular chemistry (1)
- supramolekulare Chemie (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface hopping dynamics (1)
- surface interaction (1)
- surface plasmons (1)
- surface rheology (1)
- surface science (1)
- surface topography (1)
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- surfaces and interfaces (1)
- surfactant (1)
- surfactant dynamics (1)
- sustainable energy storage materials (1)
- switch (1)
- switchable block copolymer (1)
- synthetische Biologie (1)
- tamplat unterstütze Anordnung von weichen Partikeln (1)
- tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- tannins (1)
- temperature variations (1)
- temperature-responsive (1)
- temperaturschaltbar (1)
- template (1)
- template assisted alignment of soft particles (1)
- template phase (1)
- tensioactivos (1)
- thermal isomerization of azobenzene (1)
- thermisch angeregte Isomerisierung von Azobenzolen (1)
- thermisch schaltbar (1)
- thermisch schaltbare Polymere (1)
- thermoplastic (1)
- thermoplastisch (1)
- thermoplastisches Elastomer (1)
- thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- thermosensitive (1)
- thermosensitive polymers (1)
- thiazolium (1)
- thin film crystallization (1)
- thin films (1)
- thio-glycosides (1)
- thiol-ene (1)
- time-dependent density functional theory (1)
- time-resolved luminescence (1)
- tin perovskites (1)
- titania (1)
- trajectory (1)
- trajectory surface hopping (1)
- trans-cis Isomerisierung (1)
- transient (1)
- transition metal catalysis (1)
- transition path sampling (1)
- transition state (1)
- transparent-leitendes Oxid (1)
- tree bark (1)
- triazine (1)
- triphil (1)
- triphilic (1)
- tropical infectious diseases (1)
- tropische Infektionskrankheiten (1)
- ultra-thin membrane (1)
- ultracentrifuge (1)
- ultradünne Membranen (1)
- ultrathin film (1)
- untere kritische Entmischungstemperatur (1)
- untere kritische Lösungstemperatur (1)
- upconverting nanoparticles (1)
- upper critical solution temperature (1)
- uranyl (1)
- urea (1)
- valerolactone (1)
- vesicle studies (1)
- vibrational control (1)
- vibrational excitation (1)
- vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- vibrationally resolved electronic spectroscopy (1)
- vibronics (1)
- vinyl sulfonyl compounds (1)
- viscoelasticity (1)
- visible light photocatalysis (1)
- wasser (1)
- water at alumina (1)
- water splitting reaction (1)
- water-in-oil microemulsion (1)
- water/tetradecane interface (1)
- weak acid resin (1)
- weiche Vorlage (1)
- weiche und harte Templatierung (1)
- weißer Kohlenstoff (1)
- wettability (1)
- wetting (1)
- white carbon (1)
- wide-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- wood modification (1)
- wässrige Systeme (1)
- ytterbium (1)
- zinc (1)
- zweifach schaltbare Blockcopolymere (1)
- zwitterions (1)
- Übergangsmetalle (1)
- Übergangsmetallkatalyse (1)
- Übergangszustand (1)
- Überstrukturierte Komposite (1)
- ß-Cyclodextrin (1)
- ß-Lactoglobulin (1)
- ß-cyclodextrine (1)
- überkritisches Kohlendioxid (scCO₂) (1)
- überlebende Radikale (1)
Institute
- Institut für Chemie (678) (remove)
Soft-template strategy enables the fabrication of composite nanomaterials with desired functionalities and structures. In this thesis, soft templates, including poly(ionic liquid) nanovesicles (PIL NVs), self-assembled polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) particles, and glycopeptide (GP) biomolecules have been applied for the synthesis of versatile composite particles of PILs/Cu, molybdenum disulfide/carbon (MoS2/C), and GP-carbon nanotubes-metal (GP-CNTs-metal) composites, respectively. Subsequently, their possible applications as efficient catalysts in two representative reactions, i.e. CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) and reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), have been studied, respectively.
In the first work, PIL NVs with a tunable particle size of 50 to 120 nm and a shell thickness of 15 to 60 nm have been prepared via one-step free radical polymerization. By increasing monomer concentration for polymerization, their nanoscopic morphology can evolve from hollow NVs to dense spheres, and finally to directional worms, in which a multi-lamellar packing of PIL chains occurred in all samples. The obtained PIL NVs with varied shell thickness have been in situ functionalized with ultra-small Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs, 1-3 nm) and subsequently employed as the electrocatalysts for CO2ER. The hollow PILs/Cu composite catalysts exhibit a 2.5-fold enhancement in selectivity towards C1 products compared to the pristine Cu NPs. This enhancement is primarily attributed to the strong electronic interactions between the Cu NPs and the surface functionalities of PIL NVs. This study casts new aspects on using nanostructured PILs as novel electrocatalyst supports in efficient CO2 conversion.
In the second work, a novel approach towards fast degradation of 4-NP has been developed using porous MoS2/C particles as catalysts, which integrate the intrinsically catalytic property of MoS2 with its photothermal conversion capability. Various MoS2/C composite particles have been prepared using assembled PS-b-P2VP block copolymer particles as sacrificed soft templates. Intriguingly, the MoS2/C particles exhibit tailored morphologies including pomegranate-like, hollow, and open porous structures. Subsequently, the photothermal conversion performance of these featured particles has been compared under near infrared (NIR) light irradiation. When employing the open porous MoS2/C particles as the catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP, the reaction rate constant has increased by 1.5-fold under light illumination. This catalytic enhancement mainly results from the open porous architecture and photothermal conversion performance of the MoS2 particles. This proposed strategy offers new opportunities for efficient photothermal-assisted catalysis.
In the third work, a facile and green approach towards the fabrication of GP-CNTs-metal composites has been proposed, which utilizes a versatile GP biomolecule both as a stabilizer for CNTs in water and as a reducing agent for noble metal ions. The abundant hydrogen bonds in GP molecules bestow the formed GP-CNTs with excellent plasticity, enabling the availability of polymorphic CNTs species ranging from dispersion to viscous paste, gel, and even dough by increasing their concentration. The GP molecules can reduce metal precursors at room temperature without additional reducing agents, enabling the in situ immobilization of metal NPs (e.g. Au, Ag, and Pd) on the CNTs surface. The combination of excellent catalytic property of Pd NPs with photothermal conversion capability of CNTs makes the GP-CNTs-Pd composite a promising catalyst for the efficient degradation of 4-NP. The obtained composite displays a 1.6-fold increase in conversion under NIR light illumination in the reduction of 4-NP, mainly owing to the strong light-to-heat conversion effect of CNTs. Overall, the proposed method opens a new avenue for the synthesis of CNTs composite as a sustainable and versatile catalyst platform.
The results presented in the current thesis demonstrate the significance of using soft templates for the synthesis of versatile composites with tailored nanostructure and functionalities. The investigation of these composite nanomaterials in the catalytic reactions reveals their potential in the development of desired catalysts for emerging catalytic processes, e.g. photothermal-assisted catalysis and electrocatalysis.
Hybrid nanomaterials offer the combination of individual properties of different types of nanoparticles. Some strategies for the development of new nanostructures in larger scale rely on the self-assembly of nanoparticles as a bottom-up approach. The use of templates provides ordered assemblies in defined patterns. In a typical soft-template, nanoparticles and other surface-active agents are incorporated into non-miscible liquids. The resulting self-organized dispersions will mediate nanoparticle interactions to control the subsequent self-assembly. Especially interactions between nanoparticles of very different dispersibility and functionality can be directed at a liquid-liquid interface.
In this project, water-in-oil microemulsions were formulated from quasi-ternary mixtures with Aerosol-OT as surfactant. Oleyl-capped superparamagnetic iron oxide and/or silver nanoparticles were incorporated in the continuous organic phase, while polyethyleneimine-stabilized gold nanoparticles were confined in the dispersed water droplets. Each type of nanoparticle can modulate the surfactant film and the inter-droplet interactions in diverse ways, and their combination causes synergistic effects. Interfacial assemblies of nanoparticles resulted after phase-separation. On one hand, from a biphasic Winsor type II system at low surfactant concentration, drop-casting of the upper phase afforded thin films of ordered nanoparticles in filament-like networks. Detailed characterization proved that this templated assembly over a surface is based on the controlled clustering of nanoparticles and the elongation of the microemulsion droplets. This process offers versatility to use different nanoparticle compositions by keeping the surface functionalization, in different solvents and over different surfaces. On the other hand, a magnetic heterocoagulate was formed at higher surfactant concentration, whose phase-transfer from oleic acid to water was possible with another auxiliary surfactant in ethanol-water mixture. When the original components were initially mixed under heating, defined oil-in-water, magnetic-responsive nanostructures were obtained, consisting on water-dispersible nanoparticle domains embedded by a matrix-shell of oil-dispersible nanoparticles.
Herein, two different approaches were demonstrated to form diverse hybrid nanostructures from reverse microemulsions as self-organized dispersions of the same components. This shows that microemulsions are versatile soft-templates not only for the synthesis of nanoparticles, but also for their self-assembly, which suggest new approaches towards the production of new sophisticated nanomaterials in larger scale.
Solar photocatalysis is the one of leading concepts of research in the current paradigm of sustainable chemical industry. For actual practical implementation of sunlight-driven catalytic processes in organic synthesis, a cheap, efficient, versatile and robust heterogeneous catalyst is necessary. Carbon nitrides are a class of organic semiconductors who are known to fulfill these requirements.
First, current state of solar photocatalysis in economy, industry and lab research is overviewed, outlining EU project funding, prospective synthetic and reforming bulk processes, small scale solar organic chemistry, and existing reactor designs and prototypes, concluding feasibility of the approach.
Then, the photocatalytic aerobic cleavage of oximes to corresponding aldehydes and ketones by anionic poly(heptazine imide) carbon nitride is discussed. The reaction provides a feasible method of deprotection and formation of carbonyl compounds from nitrosation products and serves as a convenient model to study chromoselectivity and photophysics of energy transfer in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Afterwards, the ability of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride to conduct proton-coupled electron transfer was utilized for the direct oxygenation of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones to corresponding 1,3-oxazlidine-2,4-diones. This reaction provides an easier access to a key scaffold of diverse types of drugs and agrochemicals.
Finally, a series of novel carbon nitrides based on poly(triazine imide) and poly(heptazine imide) structure was synthesized from cyanamide and potassium rhodizonate. These catalysts demonstrated a good performance in a set of photocatalytic benchmark reactions, including aerobic oxidation, dual nickel photoredox catalysis, hydrogen peroxide evolution and chromoselective transformation of organosulfur precursors.
Concluding, the scope of carbon nitride utilization for net-oxidative and net-neutral photocatalytic processes was expanded, and a new tunable platform for catalyst synthesis was discovered.
The present thesis focuses on the synthesis of nanostructured iron-based compounds by using β-FeOOH nanospindles and poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) vesicles as hard and soft templates, respectively, to suppress the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in Li-S batteries. Three types of composites with different nanostructures (mesoporous nanospindle, yolk-shell nanospindle, and nanocapsule) have been synthesized and applied as sulfur host material for Li-S batteries. Their interactions with LiPSs and effects on the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries have been systematically studied.
In the first part of the thesis, carbon-coated mesoporous Fe3O4 (C@M-Fe3O4) nanospindles have been synthesized to suppress the shuttle effect of LiPSs. First, β-FeOOH nanospindles have been synthesized via the hydrolysis of iron (III) chloride in aqueous solution and after silica coating and subsequent calcination, mesoporous Fe2O3 (M-Fe2O3) have been obtained inside the confined silica layer through pyrolysis of β-FeOOH. After the removal of the silica layer, electron tomography (ET) has been applied to rebuild the 3D structure of the M-Fe2O3 nanospindles. After coating a thin layer of polydopamine (PDA) as carbon source, the PDA-coated M-Fe2O3 particles have been calcinated to synthesize C@M-Fe3O4 nanospindles. With the chemisorption of Fe3O4 and confinement of mesoporous structure to anchor LiPSs, the composite C@M-Fe3O4/S electrode delivers a remaining capacity of 507.7 mAh g-1 at 1 C after 600 cycles.
In the second part of the thesis, a series of iron-based compounds (Fe3O4, FeS2, and FeS) with the same yolk-shell nanospindle morphology have been synthesized, which allows for the direct comparison of the effects of compositions on the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. The Fe3O4-carbon yolk-shell nanospindles have been synthesized by using the β-FeOOH nanospindles as hard template. Afterwards, Fe3O4-carbon yolk-shell nanospindles have been used as precursors to obtain iron sulfides (FeS and FeS2)-carbon yolk-shell nanospindles through sulfidation at different temperatures. Using the three types of yolk-shell nanospindles as sulfur host, the effects of compositions on interactions with LiPSs and electrochemical performance in Li-S batteries have been systematically investigated and compared. Benefiting from the chemisorption and catalytic effect of FeS2 particles and the physical confinement of the carbon shell, the FeS2-C/S electrode exhibits the best electrochemical performance with an initial specific discharge capacity of 877.6 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C and a retention ratio of 86.7% after 350 cycles.
In the third part, PILs vesicles have been used as soft template to synthesize carbon nanocapsules embedded with iron nitride particles to immobilize and catalyze LiPSs in Li-S batteries. First, 3-n-decyl-1-vinylimidazolium bromide has been used as monomer to synthesize PILs nanovesicles by free radical polymerization. Assisted by PDA coating route and ion exchange, PIL nanovesicles have been successfully applied as soft template in morphology-maintaining carbonization to prepare carbon nanocapsules embedded with iron nitride nanoparticles (FexN@C). The well-dispersed iron nitride nanoparticles effectively catalyze the conversion of LiPSs to Li2S, owing to their high electrical conductivity and strong chemical binding to LiPSs. The constructed FexN@C/S cathode demonstrates a high initial discharge capacity of 1085.0 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C with a remaining value of 930.0 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles.
The results in the present thesis demonstrate the facile synthetic routes of nanostructured iron-based compounds with controllable morphologies and compositions using soft and hard colloidal templates, which can be applied as sulfur host to suppress the shuttle behavior of LiPSs. The synthesis approaches developed in this thesis are also applicable to fabricating other transition metal-based compounds with porous nanostructures for other applications.
The increasing global population has led to a growing demand for cost-effective and eco-friendly methods of water purification. This demand has reached a peak due to the increasing presence of impurities and pollutants in water and a growing awareness of waterborne diseases. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective methods to address these challenges, due to the generation of highly reactive radicals, such as sulfate radical (SO4•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and/or superoxide radical (•O2-) in oxidation reactions. Relative to conventional hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based AOPs for wastewater treatment, the persulfate-related AOPs are receiving increasing attention over the past decades, due to their stronger oxidizing capability and a wider pH working window. Further deployment of the seemingly plausible technology as an alternative for the well-established one in industry, however, necessitates a careful evaluation of compounding factors, such as water matrix effects, toxicological consequences, costs, and engineering challenges, etc. To this end, rational design of efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts constitutes an indispensable pathway to advance persulfate activation efficacy and to elucidate the mechanisms in AOPs, the combined endeavors are expected to provide insightful understanding and guidelines for future studies in wastewater treatment. A dozens of transition metal-based catalysts have been developed for persulfate-related AOPs, while the undesirable metal leaching and poor stability in acidic conditions have been identified as major obstacles. Comparatively, the carbonaceous materials are emerging as alternative candidates, which are characterized by metal-free nature, wide availability, and exceptional resistance to acid and alkali, as well as tunable physicochemical and electronic properties, the combined merits make them an attractive option to overcome the aforementioned limitations in metal-based catalytic systems. This dissertation aims at developing novel carbonaceous materials to boost the activity in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation processes. Functionalized carbon materials with metal particles or heteroatoms were constructed and further evaluated in terms of their ability to activate PMS for AOPs. The main contents of this thesis are summarized as follows: (1) Iron oxide-loaded biochar: improving stability and alleviating metal leakage Metal leaching constitutes one of the main drawbacks in using transition metals as PMS activators, which is accompanied by the generation of metal-containing sludge, potentially leading to secondary pollution. Meanwhile, the metal nanoparticles are prone to aggregate, causing rapid decay of catalytic performance. The use of carbons as supports for transition metals could mitigate these deficiencies, because the interaction between metals and carbons could in turn disperse and stabilize metal nanoparticles, thus suppressing the metal leaching. In this work, the environmentally benign lignin with its abundant phenolic groups, which is well known to serve as carbon source with high yields and flexibility, was utilized to load Fe ions. The facile low-temperature pre-treatment pyrolytic strategy was employed to construct a green catalyst with iron oxides embedded in Kraft-lignin-derived biochar (termed as γ-Fe2O3@KC). The γ-Fe2O3@KC was capable of activating PMS to generate stable non-radical species (1O2 and Fe (V)=O) and to enhance electron transfer efficiency. A surface-bound reactive complex (catalyst-PMS*) was identified by electrochemical characterizations and discussed with primary surface-bound radical pairs to explain the contradictions between quenching and EPR detection results. The system also showed encouraging reusability for at least 5 times and high stability at pH 3-9. The low concentration of iron in γ-Fe2O3@KC/PMS system implied that the carbon scaffold of biochar substantially alleviated metal leakage. (2) MOF-derived nanocarbon: new carbon crystals Traditional carbon materials are of rather moderate performance in activation PMS, due to the poor electron transfer capacity within the amorphous structure and limited active sites for PMS adsorption. Herein, we established crystalline nanocarbon materials via a simple NaCl-templated strategy using the monoclinic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) sealed with NaCl crystals as the precursors. Specifically, NaCl captured dual advantages in serving as structure-directing agent during hydrolysis and protective salt reactor to facilitate phase transformation during carbonization. The structure-directing agent NaCl provided a protective and confined space for the evolution of MOF upon carbonization, which led to high doping amounts of nitrogen (N) and oxygen elements (O) in carbon framework (N: 14.16 wt%, O: 9.6 wt%) after calcination at a high temperature of 950 oC. We found that N-O co-doping can activate the chemically inert carbon network and the nearby sp2-hybridized carbon atoms served as active sites for adsorption and activation. Besides, the highly crystallized structure with well-established carbon channels around activated carbon atoms could significantly accelerate electron transfer process after initial adsorption of PMS. As such, this crystalline nanocarbon exhibited excellent catalytic kinetics for various pollutants. (3) MOF-derived 2D carbon layers: enhanced mass/electron transfer The two-dimensional (2D) configuration of carbon-based nanosheets with inherent nanochannels and abundant active sites residing on the layer edges or in between the layers, allowed the accessible interaction and close contact between the substrates and reactants, as well as the dramatically improved electron- and mass-transfer kinetics. In this regard, we developed dual-templating strategy to afford 2D assembly of the crystalline carbons, which found efficiency in reinforcing the interactions between the catalyst surface and foreign pollutants. Specifically, we found that the ice crystals and NaCl promoted the evolution of MOF in a 2D fashion during the freezing casting stage, while the later further allowed the formation of a graphitic surface at high calcination temperature, by virtue of the templating effect of molten salt. Due to the highly retained co-doping amounts, N and O heteroatoms created abundant active sites for PMS activation, the 2D configuration of carbon-based nanosheets enable efficient interaction of PMS and pollutants on the surface, which further boosted the kinetics of degradation.
In dieser Dissertation konnten erfolgreich mechanisch stabile Hydrogele über eine freie radikalische Polymerisation (FRP) in Wasser synthetisiert werden. Dabei diente vor allem das Sulfobetain SPE als Monomer. Dieses wurde mit dem über eine nukleophile Substitution erster bzw. zweiter Ordnung hergestellten Vernetzer TMBEMPA/Br umgesetzt.
Die entstandenen Netzwerke wurden im Gleichgewichtsquellzustand im Wesentlichen mittels Niederfeld-Kernresonanzspektroskopie, Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung (SAXS), Rasterelektronenmikroskopie mit Tieftemperaturtechnik (Kryo-REM), dynamisch-mechanische Analyse (DMA), Rheologie, thermogravimetrische Analyse (TGA) und dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie (DSC) analysiert.
Das hierarchisch aufgebaute Netzwerk wurde anschließend für die matrixgesteuerten Mineralisation von Calciumphosphat und –carbonat genutzt. Über das alternierende Eintauchverfahren (engl. „alternate soaking method“) und der Variation von Mineralisationsparametern, wie pH-Wert, Konzentration c und Temperatur T konnten dann verschiedene Modifikationen des Calciumphosphats generiert werden. Das entstandene Hybridmaterial wurde qualitativ mittels Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie (XRD), abgeschwächte Totalreflexion–fouriertransformierte Infrarot Spektroskopie (ATR-FTIR), Raman-Spektroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) mit energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie (EDXS) und optischer Mikroskopie (OM) als auch quantitative mittels Gravimetrie und TGA analysiert.
Für die potentielle Verwendung in der Medizintechnik, z.B. als Implantatmaterial, ist die grundlegende Einschätzung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Hydrogel bzw. Hybridmaterial und verschiedener Zelltypen unerlässlich. Dazu wurden verschiedene Zelltypen, wie Einzeller, Bakterien und adulte Stammzellen verwendet. Die Wechselwirkung mit Peptidsequenzen von Phagen komplettiert das biologische Unterkapitel.
Hydrogele sind mannigfaltig einsetzbar. Diese Arbeit fasst daher weitere Projektperspektiven, auch außerhalb des biomedizinischem Anwendungsspektrums, auf. So konnten erste Ansätze zur serienmäßige bzw. maßgeschneiderte Produktion über das „Inkjet“ Verfahren erreicht werden. Um dies ermöglichen zu können wurden erfolgreich weitere Synthesestrategien, wie die Photopolymerisation und die redoxinitiierte Polymerisation, ausgenutzt. Auch die Eignung als Filtermaterial oder Superabsorber wurde analysiert.
Layered structures are ubiquitous in nature and industrial products, in which individual layers could have different mechanical/thermal properties and functions independently contributing to the performance of the whole layered structure for their relevant application. Tuning each layer affects the performance of the whole layered system.
Pores are utilized in various disciplines, where low density, but large surfaces are demanded. Besides, open and interconnected pores would act as a transferring channel for guest chemical molecules. The shape of pores influences compression behavior of the material. Moreover, introducing pores decreases the density and subsequently the mechanical strength. To maintain defined mechanical strength under various stress, porous structure can be reinforced by adding reinforcement agent such as fiber, filler or layered structure to bear the mechanical stress on demanded application.
In this context, this thesis aimed to generate new functions in bilayer systems by combining layers having different moduli and/or porosity, and to develop suitable processing techniques to access these structures.
Manufacturing processes of layered structures employ often organic solvents mostly causing environmental pollution. In this regard, the studied bilayer structures here were manufactured by processes free of organic solvents.
In this thesis, three bilayer systems were studied to answer the individual questions.
First, while various methods of introducing pores in melt-phase are reported for one-layer constructs with simple geometry, can such methods be applied to a bilayer structure, giving two porous layers?
This was addressed with Bilayer System 1. Two porous layers were obtained from melt-blending of two different polyurethanes (PU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in a co-continuous phase followed by sequential injection molding and leaching the PVA phase in deionized water. A porosity of 50 ± 5% with a high interconnectivity was obtained, in which the pore sizes in both layers ranged from 1 µm to 100 µm with an average of 22 µm in both layers. The obtained pores were tailored by applying an annealing treatment at relevant high temperatures of 110 °C and 130 °C, which allowed the porosity to be kept constant. The disadvantage of this system is that a maximum of 50% porosity could be reached and removal of leaching material in the weld line section of both layers is not guaranteed. Such a construct serves as a model for bilayer porous structure for determining structure-property relationships with respect to the pore size, porosity and mechanical properties of each layer. This fabrication method is also applicable to complex geometries by designing a relevant mold for injection molding.
Secondly, utilizing scCO2 foaming process at elevated temperature and pressure is considered as a green manufacturing process. Employing this method as a post-treatment can alter the history orientation of polymer chains created by previous fabrication methods. Can a bilayer structure be fabricated by a combination of sequential injection molding and scCO2 foaming process, in which a porous layer is supported by a compact layer?
Such a construct (Bilayer System 2) was generated by sequential injection molding of a PCL (Tm ≈ 58 °C) layer and a PLLA (Tg ≈ 58 °C) layer. Soaking this structure in the autoclave with scCO2 at T = 45 °C and P = 100 bar led to the selective foaming of PCL with a porosity of 80%, while the PLA layer was kept compact. The scCO2 autoclave led to the formation of a porous core and skin layer of the PCL, however, the degree of crystallinity of PLLA layer increased from 0 to 50% at the defined temperature and pressure. The microcellular structure of PCL as well as the degree of crystallinity of PLLA were controlled by increasing soaking time.
Thirdly, wrinkles on surfaces in micro/nano scale alter the properties, which are surface-related. Wrinkles are formed on a surface of a bilayer structure having a compliant substrate and a stiff thin film. However, the reported wrinkles were not reversible. Moreover, dynamic wrinkles in nano and micro scale have numerous examples in nature such as gecko foot hair offering reversible adhesion and an ability of lotus leaves for self-cleaning altering hydrophobicity of the surface. It was envisioned to imitate this biomimetic function on the bilayer structure, where self-assembly on/off patterns would be realized on the surface of this construct.
In summary, developing layered constructs having different properties/functions in the individual layer or exhibiting a new function as the consequence of layered structure can give novel insight for designing layered constructs in various disciplines such as packaging and transport industry, aerospace industry and health technology.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Energie induzierte Nanopartikel-Substrat Interaktionen untersucht. Dazu wurden Goldnanopartikelanordnungen (AuNPA) auf verschiedenen Silizium-basierten Substraten hergestellt und der Einfluss eines Energieeintrages, genauer gesagt einer thermischen Behandlung oder des Metall-assistierten chemischen Ätzens (MaCE) getestet. Die Nanopartikelanordnungen, welche für die thermische Behandlung eingesetzt wurden, wurden nass-chemisch in Toluol synthetisiert, mit Thiol-terminiertem Polystyrol funktionalisiert und mittels Schleuderbeschichtung auf verschiedenen Substraten (drei Gläser und ein Siliziumwafer) in quasi-hexagonalen Mustern angeordnet. Diese AuNP-Anordnungen wurden mit Temperaturen zwischen 475 °C – 792 °C über verschiedene Zeiträume thermisch behandelt. Generell sanken die Nanopartikel in die Substrate ein, und es wurde festgestellt, dass mit Erhöhung der Glasübergangstemperatur der Substrate die Einsinktiefe der Nanopartikel abnahm. Die AuNPA auf Siliziumwafern wurden auf Temperaturen von 700 °C – 900 °C erhitzt. Die Goldnanopartikel sanken dabei bis zu 2,5 nm in das Si-Substrat ein. Ein Sintern der Nanopartikel fand ab einer Temperatur über 660 °C statt. Welcher Sintermechanismus der dominante ist konnte abschließend nicht eindeutig geklärt werden.
Für die Untersuchung des Einflusses des zweiten Energieeintrages mittels MaCE wurden AuNPA sowie Goldkern-Silberschale-Anordnungen auf Siliziumsubstraten genutzt. Die AuNPA wurden mit Hilfe von Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamid Mikrogelen und Natriumcitrat-stabilisierten Goldnanopartikeln (Na-AuNP) bzw. Tetrachloridogoldsäure (TCG) präpariert. Es ergaben sich Nanopartikelanordnungen mit hemisphärischen Partikeln (aus Na-AuNP) und zum anderen Nanopartikelanordnungen mit sphärischen Partikeln (aus TCG). Durch eine anschließende Silberwachstumsreaktion konnten dann die dazugehörigen Goldkern-Silberschale Nanopartikelanordnungen erhalten werden. Beim MaCE konnten signifikante Unterschiede im Verhalten dieser vier Nanopartikelanordnungen festgestellt werden, z.B. mussten bei den hemisphärischen Partikelanordnungen höhere Wasserstoffperoxidkonzentrationen (0,70 M – 0,91 M) als bei den sphärischen Partikelanordnungen (0,08 M – 0,32 M) für das Ätzen eingesetzt werden, um ein Einsinken der Nanopartikel in das Substrat zu erreichen.
Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden die erstmaligen Totalsynthesen der Arylnaphthalen-Lignane Alashinol D, Vitexdoin C, Vitrofolal E, Noralashinol C1 und Ternifoliuslignan E vorgestellt. Der Schlüsselschritt der entwickelten Methode, basiert auf einer regioselektiven intramolekularen Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA)-Reaktion, die mittels UV-Strahlung im Durchflussreaktor durchgeführt wurde. Bei der Synthese der PDDA-Vorläufer (Diarylsuberate) wurde eine Synthesestrategie nach dem Baukastenprinzip verfolgt. Diese ermöglicht die Darstellung asymmetrischer komplexer Systeme aus nur wenigen Grundbausteinen und die Totalsynthese einer Vielzahl an Lignanen. In systematischen Voruntersuchungen konnte zudem die klare Überlegenheit der intra- gegenüber der intermolekularen PDDA-Reaktion aufgezeigt werden. Dabei stellte sich eine Verknüpfung der beiden Arylpropiolester über einen Korksäurebügel, in para-Position, als besonders effizient heraus. Werden asymmetrisch substituierte Diarylsuberate, bei denen einer der endständigen Estersubstituenten durch eine Trimethylsilyl-Gruppe oder ein Wasserstoffatom ersetzt wurde, verwendet, durchlaufen diese Systeme eine regioselektive Cyclisierung und als Hauptprodukt werden Naphthalenophane mit einem Methylester in 3-Position erhalten. Mit Hilfe von umfangreichen Experimenten zur Funktionalisierung der 4-Position, konnte zudem gezeigt werden, dass die Substitution der nucleophilen Cycloallen-Intermediate, während der PDDA-Reaktion, generell durch die Zugabe von N-Halogen-Succinimiden möglich ist. In Anbetracht der geringen Ausbeuten haben diese intermolekularen Abfangreaktionen, jedoch keinen präparativen Nutzen für die Totalsynthesen von Lignanen. Mit dem Ziel die allgemeinen photochemischen Reaktionsbedingungen zu optimieren, wurde erstmalig die triplettsensibilisierte PDDA-Reaktion vorgestellt. Durch die Verwendung von Xanthon als Sensibilisator wurde der Einsatz von effizienteren UVA-Lichtquellen ermöglicht, wodurch die Gefahr einer Photozersetzung durch Überbestrahlung minimiert wurde. Im Vergleich zur direkten Anregung mit UVB-Strahlung, konnten die Ausbeuten mit indirekter Anregung durch einen Photokatalysator signifikant gesteigert werden. Die grundlegenden Erkenntnisse und die entwickelten Synthesestrategien dieser Arbeit, können dazu beitragen zukünftig die Erschließung neuer pharmakologisch interessanter Lignane voranzutreiben.
1 Bisher ist nur die semisynthetische Darstellung von Noralashinol C ausgehend von Hydroxymatairesinol literaturbekannt.