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A competitive immunoassay to detect a hapten using an enzyme-labelled peptide mimotope as tracer
(2002)
Mimotope peptides-peptides which mimic the binding of a hapten to its corresponding monoclonal antibody-were conjugated to peroxidase and used in competitive immunoassay. The established immunoassay was used to quantitatively determine the concentration of hapten. As model system in all the experiments described here, we used the binding of the monoclonal antibody B13-DE1 to fluorescein and the corresponding peptide mimotope.
Amperometric biosensor based on a functionalized gold electrode for the detection of antioxidants
(2002)
Art.: Gasterosteiform
(2002)
Juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) fed on the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon were able to maintain liver glycogen and muscle protein concentrations. In contrast, internal energy stores of fish fed on the cyanobacterium Microcystis were degraded. However, liver glycogen was higher than in starved fish, suggesting that roach was able to obtain some nutrients (probably carbohydrates) from the mucus cover of Microcystis. Weak assimilation of radiolabeled Microcystis by roach was detectable, and assimilation rates increased with increasing proportion of Aphanizomenon in a mixture of both cyanobacteria. We conclude that the incomplete digestion of Microcystis was the main reason for the negative growth rates of roach when fed on this cyanobacterium species.
In the honey bee, responsiveness to sucrose correlates with many behavioural parameters such as age of first foraging, foraging role and learning. Sucrose responsiveness can be measured using the proboscis extension response (PER) by applying sucrose solutions of increasing concentrations to the antenna of a bee. We tested whether the biogenic amines octopamine, tyramine and dopamine, and the dopamine receptor agonist 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN) can modulate sucrose responsiveness. The compounds were either injected into the thorax or fed in sucrose solution to compare different methods of application. Injection and feeding of tyramine or octopamine significantly increased sucrose responsiveness. Dopamine decreased sucrose responsiveness when injected into the thorax. Feeding of dopamine had no effect. Injection of 6,7-ADTN into the thorax and feeding of 6,7-ADTN reduced sucrose responsiveness significantly. These data demonstrate that sucrose responsiveness in honey bees can be modulated by biogenic amines, which has far reaching consequences for other types of behaviour in this insect. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.