Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (71)
- Postprint (22)
- Report (7)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (3)
- Other (2)
- Preprint (2)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
- Habilitation Thesis (1)
- Review (1)
Keywords
- Germany (15)
- damage (9)
- preparedness (9)
- vulnerability (8)
- floods (7)
- Klimaanpassung (5)
- Turkey (5)
- Starkregen (4)
- disaster risk reduction (4)
- governance (4)
- insurance (4)
- mitigation (4)
- people (4)
- private households (4)
- recovery (4)
- Adaptation (3)
- August 2002 flood (3)
- Central Europe (3)
- ERA5 (3)
- Europe (3)
- Flood (3)
- Floods (3)
- Floods Directive (3)
- June 2013 flood (3)
- Natural hazards (3)
- Risk reduction (3)
- adaptation (3)
- climate change adaptation (3)
- emergency management (3)
- flood hazards (3)
- flood risk (3)
- frequency analysis (3)
- hierarchical clustering (3)
- motivation (3)
- natural hazards (3)
- pathway (3)
- precaution (3)
- resilience (3)
- risk communication (3)
- risk governance (3)
- risk management (3)
- risk management cycle (3)
- risk perceptions (3)
- City ranking (2)
- Climate adaptation (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Direct economic loss (2)
- Flood risk (2)
- Hangrutschungen (2)
- Hess-Brezowsky Großwetterlagen classification (2)
- Hitze (2)
- Klimaschutz (2)
- Land use change (2)
- Mountain basins (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Risikokommunikation (2)
- Stadtplanung (2)
- Sturzflut (2)
- august 2002 (2)
- capacities (2)
- climate change (2)
- critical meteorological condition (2)
- early warning (2)
- effectiveness (2)
- emergency response (2)
- extreme rainfall (2)
- flash flood (2)
- flood recovery (2)
- flooding (2)
- health (2)
- heat (2)
- integrated flood risk management (2)
- landslides (2)
- natural hazard management (2)
- pluvial floods (2)
- railway transportation (2)
- residents (2)
- resources (2)
- risk perception (2)
- social science (2)
- societal equity (2)
- surface water flooding (2)
- transferability (2)
- 2016-origin (1)
- Adaptation plans (1)
- Adaptation to climate change (1)
- Adaptation tracking (1)
- Ahr (1)
- Ahr River (1)
- Alpine hazards (1)
- Anpassungsmaßnahmen (1)
- Anpassungsverhalten (1)
- Asset estimation (1)
- Austria (1)
- Auswirkungen des Klimawandels (1)
- Bavaria (1)
- Bayesian Network (1)
- Begrünung (1)
- Berlin (1)
- Besucherbefragung (1)
- Betroffenenbefragung (1)
- Bodenkühlpotenzial (1)
- Braunsbach (1)
- Capital Approach Framework (CAF) (1)
- Climate Adaptation (1)
- Climate Mitigation (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climate change adaptation Saxony (1)
- Climate mitigation (1)
- Climate policy integration (1)
- Cluster analysis (1)
- Coastal hazards (1)
- Communications/decision making (1)
- Company (1)
- Compound flood event (1)
- Coping appraisal (1)
- Costs (1)
- Disaster loss databases (1)
- Droughts (1)
- EU Floods Directive (1)
- Eigenvorsorge (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emergency response (1)
- Engineering , Environmental (1)
- Engineering, Civil (1)
- Environmental Sciences (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Event documentation (1)
- Extreme events (1)
- Extreme value statistics (1)
- Extremniederschlag (1)
- Extremwertstatistik (1)
- Federal Water Act (1)
- Field experiments (1)
- Flood damage potential (1)
- Flood defence measures (1)
- Flood impacts (1)
- Flood losses (1)
- Flooding (1)
- Gefahrenkarten (1)
- Geosciences, Multidisciplinary (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Hail (1)
- Hazard (1)
- Hess-Brezowsky Grosswetterlagen classification (1)
- Historic natural hazards (1)
- Hitzebelastung (1)
- Hochwasser (1)
- Hochwassergefährdung (1)
- Hochwasserregime (1)
- Hochwasserrisikomanagementrichtlinie (1)
- Hochwasserversicherung (1)
- Insurance (1)
- Klimapolitische Integration (1)
- LCGA (1)
- Lech catchment (1)
- Levee (1)
- Loss (1)
- Loss modeling (1)
- Loss modelling (1)
- Markov Blanket (1)
- Meteorological Event Analysis (1)
- Meteorologische Ereignisanalyse (1)
- Mitigation (1)
- Modellstadt (1)
- Moral hazard (1)
- Naturgefahren (1)
- Open-Air-Veranstaltungen (1)
- OpenStreetMap (1)
- Pfadanalysen (1)
- Pilotmaßnahmen (1)
- Potsdam (1)
- Private businesses (1)
- Regional & Urban Planning (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resilienz (1)
- Risikomanagement (1)
- Risk governance (1)
- Risk reduction partnerships (1)
- Riverine floods (1)
- Scenarios (1)
- Schadensabschätzung (1)
- Schadensmodellierung (1)
- Schadensprozesse (1)
- Societal impacts (1)
- Socioeconomic scenarios (1)
- Spatial policy (1)
- Stadtentwicklung (1)
- Stadtranking (1)
- Storm (1)
- Surface floods (1)
- Survey of affected residents (1)
- Temporal variability (1)
- Transferablity (1)
- Transport sector (1)
- UNISDR (1)
- Urban Flooding (1)
- Urban climate policy (1)
- Urban planning (1)
- Verhaltensbeobachtung (1)
- Vulnerability (1)
- Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (1)
- Water Resources (1)
- Wissenstransfer (1)
- Würzburg (1)
- adapatation measures (1)
- adaptation behavior (1)
- adaptation to climate change (1)
- affected residents (1)
- analysis of pathways (1)
- attrition bias (1)
- attrition rate (1)
- breaches (1)
- building damage (1)
- buildings (1)
- circulation patterns (1)
- city of Potsdam (1)
- city of Wuerzburg (1)
- climate (1)
- climate adaptation (1)
- climate change impacts (1)
- damage assessment (1)
- damage estimation (1)
- damaging processes (1)
- debris flow (1)
- disaster risk (1)
- discharge pattern (1)
- erosion (1)
- events (1)
- exposure (1)
- extreme flood (1)
- extreme precipitation (1)
- flood hazard mapping; (1)
- flood insurance (1)
- flood loss (1)
- flood regime (1)
- flood risk analysis (1)
- flood risk management (1)
- flood-affected residents (1)
- flow (1)
- geomorphology (1)
- global change (1)
- global environmental change (1)
- greening (1)
- hazard (1)
- heavy rain (1)
- heavy rainfall (1)
- historical floods (1)
- historische Hochwasser (1)
- impacts (1)
- individual recovery (1)
- inundation simulation (1)
- june 2013 Flood (1)
- knowledge transfer (1)
- land-use (1)
- lech catchment (1)
- longitudinal (1)
- loss modelling (1)
- mai 29th (1)
- mitigation behavior (1)
- mitigation measures (1)
- model (1)
- model city (1)
- modelling (1)
- mountainous rivers (1)
- nutzbare Feldkapazität (1)
- panel (1)
- panel data (1)
- pathways (1)
- pilot measures (1)
- pluvial flooding (1)
- population density (1)
- private precaution (1)
- projections (1)
- protection motivation theory (PMT) (1)
- public communication (1)
- public engagement (1)
- rapid impact assessment (1)
- reduction (1)
- risk (1)
- risk reduction (1)
- scenarios (1)
- social vulnerability (1)
- urban development (1)
- urban planning (1)
- urbane Böden (1)
- Überflutungssimulation (1)
- Übertragbarkeit (1)
Flooding is assessed as the most important natural hazard in Europe, causing thousands of deaths, affecting millions of people and accounting for large economic losses in the past decade. Little is known about the damage processes associated with extreme rainfall in cities, due to a lack of accurate, comparable and consistent damage data. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of extreme rainfall on residential buildings and how affected households coped with these impacts in terms of precautionary and emergency actions. Analyses are based on a unique dataset of damage characteristics and a wide range of potential damage explaining variables at the household level, collected through computer-aided telephone interviews (CATI) and an online survey. Exploratory data analyses based on a total of 859 completed questionnaires in the cities of Munster (Germany) and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) revealed that the uptake of emergency measures is related to characteristics of the hazardous event. In case of high water levels, more efforts are made to reduce damage, while emergency response that aims to prevent damage is less likely to be effective. The difference in magnitude of the events in Munster and Amsterdam, in terms of rainfall intensity and water depth, is probably also the most important cause for the differences between the cities in terms of the suffered financial losses. Factors that significantly contributed to damage in at least one of the case studies are water contamination, the presence of a basement in the building and people's awareness of the upcoming event. Moreover, this study confirms conclusions by previous studies that people's experience with damaging events positively correlates with precautionary behaviour. For improving future damage data acquisition, we recommend the inclusion of cell phones in a CATI survey to avoid biased sampling towards certain age groups.
Flood loss data collection and modeling are not standardized, and previous work has indicated that losses from different flood types (e.g., riverine and groundwater) may follow different driving forces. However, different flood types may occur within a single flood event, which is known as a compound flood event. Therefore, we aimed to identify statistical similarities between loss-driving factors across flood types and test whether the corresponding losses should be modeled separately. In this study, we used empirical data from 4,418 respondents from four survey campaigns studying households in Germany that experienced flooding. These surveys sought to investigate several features of the impact process (hazard, socioeconomic, preparedness, and building characteristics, as well as flood type). While the level of most of these features differed across flood type subsamples (e.g., degree of preparedness), they did so in a nonregular pattern. A variable selection process indicates that besides hazard and building characteristics, information on property-level preparedness was also selected as a relevant predictor of the loss ratio. These variables represent information, which is rarely adopted in loss modeling. Models shall be refined with further data collection and other statistical methods. To save costs, data collection efforts should be steered toward the most relevant predictors to enhance data availability and increase the statistical power of results. Understanding that losses from different flood types are driven by different factors is a crucial step toward targeted data collection and model development and will finally clarify conditions that allow us to transfer loss models in space and time. <br /> Key Points <br /> Survey data of flood-affected households show different concurrent flood types, undermining the use of a single-flood-type loss model Thirteen variables addressing flood hazard, the building, and property level preparedness are significant predictors of the building loss ratio Flood type-specific models show varying significance across the predictor variables, indicating a hindrance to model transferability
Flood loss modeling is an important component within flood risk assessments. Traditionally, stage-damage functions are used for the estimation of direct monetary damage to buildings. Although it is known that such functions are governed by large uncertainties, they are commonly applied - even in different geographical regions - without further validation, mainly due to the lack of real damage data. Until now, little research has been done to investigate the applicability and transferability of such damage models to other regions. In this study, the last severe flood event in the Austrian Lech Valley in 2005 was simulated to test the performance of various damage functions from different geographical regions in Central Europe for the residential sector. In addition to common stage-damage curves, new functions were derived from empirical flood loss data collected in the aftermath of recent flood events in neighboring Germany. Furthermore, a multi-parameter flood loss model for the residential sector was adapted to the study area and also evaluated with official damage data. The analysis reveals that flood loss functions derived from related and more similar regions perform considerably better than those from more heterogeneous data sets of different regions and flood events. While former loss functions estimate the observed damage well, the latter overestimate the reported loss clearly. To illustrate the effect of model choice on the resulting uncertainty of damage estimates, the current flood risk for residential areas was calculated. In the case of extreme events like the 300 yr flood, for example, the range of losses to residential buildings between the highest and the lowest estimates amounts to a factor of 18, in contrast to properly validated models with a factor of 2.3. Even if the risk analysis is only performed for residential areas, our results reveal evidently that a carefree model transfer in other geographical regions might be critical. Therefore, we conclude that loss models should at least be selected or derived from related regions with similar flood and building characteristics, as far as no model validation is possible. To further increase the general reliability of flood loss assessment in the future, more loss data and more comprehensive loss data for model development and validation are needed.
Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
Adaptation to flood risk
(2017)
As flood impacts are increasing in large parts of the world, understanding the primary drivers of changes in risk is essential for effective adaptation. To gain more knowledge on the basis of empirical case studies, we analyze eight paired floods, that is, consecutive flood events that occurred in the same region, with the second flood causing significantly lower damage. These success stories of risk reduction were selected across different socioeconomic and hydro-climatic contexts. The potential of societies to adapt is uncovered by describing triggered societal changes, as well as formal measures and spontaneous processes that reduced flood risk. This novel approach has the potential to build the basis for an international data collection and analysis effort to better understand and attribute changes in risk due to hydrological extremes in the framework of the IAHSs Panta Rhei initiative. Across all case studies, we find that lower damage caused by the second event was mainly due to significant reductions in vulnerability, for example, via raised risk awareness, preparedness, and improvements of organizational emergency management. Thus, vulnerability reduction plays an essential role for successful adaptation. Our work shows that there is a high potential to adapt, but there remains the challenge to stimulate measures that reduce vulnerability and risk in periods in which extreme events do not occur.
In the aftermath of the severe flooding in Central Europe in August 2002, a number of changes in flood policies were launched in Germany and other European countries, aiming at improved risk management. The question arises as to whether these changes have already had an impact on the residents' ability to cope with floods, and whether flood-affected private households are now better prepared than they were in 2002. Therefore, computer-aided telephone interviews with private households in Germany that suffered from property damage due to flooding in 2005, 2006, 2010 or 2011 were performed and analysed with respect to flood awareness, precaution, preparedness and recovery. The data were compared to a similar investigation conducted after the flood in 2002.
After the flood in 2002, the level of private precautions taken increased considerably. One contributing factor is the fact that, in general, a larger proportion of people knew that they were at risk of flooding. The best level of precaution was found before the flood events in 2006 and 2011. The main reason for this might be that residents had more experience with flooding than residents affected in 2005 or 2010. Yet, overall, flood experience and knowledge did not necessarily result in building retrofitting or flood-proofing measures, which are considered as mitigating damages most effectively. Hence, investments still need to be stimulated in order to reduce future damage more efficiently.
Early warning and emergency responses were substantially influenced by flood characteristics. In contrast to flood-affected people in 2006 or 2011, people affected by flooding in 2005 or 2010 had to deal with shorter lead times and therefore had less time to take emergency measures. Yet, the lower level of emergency measures taken also resulted from the people's lack of flood experience and insufficient knowledge of how to protect themselves. Overall, it was noticeable that these residents suffered from higher losses. Therefore, it is important to further improve early warning systems and communication channels, particularly in hilly areas with rapid-onset flooding.