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Černobylʼ, Gewalt, Mythos
(2016)
On 7 February 1861, John Tyndall, professor of natural philosophy, delivered a historical lecture: he could prove that different gases absorb heat to a very different degree, which implies that the temperate conditions provided for by the Earth's atmosphere are dependent on its particular composition of gases. The theoretical foundation of climate science was laid.
Ten years later, on the other side of the Channel, a young and ambitious author was working on a comprehensive literary analysis of the French era under the Second Empire. Émile Zola had probably not heard or read of Tyndall's discovery. However, the article makes the case for reading Zola's Rougon-Macquart as an extensive story of climate change. Zola's literary attempts to capture the defining characteristic of the Second Empire led him to the insight that its various milieus were all part of the same ‘climate’: that of an all-encompassing warming. Zola suggests that this climate is man-made: the economic success of the Second Empire is based on heating, in a literal and metaphorical sense, as well as on stoking the steam-engines and creating the hypertrophic atmosphere of the hothouse that enhances life and maximises turnover and profit. In contrast to Tyndall and his audience, Zola sensed the catastrophic consequences of this warming: the Second Empire was inevitably moving towards a final débâcle, i.e. it was doomed to perish in local and ‘global’ climate catastrophes.
The article foregrounds the supplementary status of Tyndall's physical and Zola's literary knowledge. As Zola's striking intuition demonstrates, literature appears to have a privileged approach to the phenomenon of man-induced climate change.
Wir nehmen eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Nominierten und Preisträger:innen von sieben Buchpreisen im deutschsprachigen Raum vor, die mit einer vorab veröffentlichten Long- und/oder Shortlist arbeiten. Dazu vergleichen wir die Preise in Bezug auf soziodemographische Faktoren der Autor:innen (Geschlecht, Alter und Muttersprache), deren Bekanntheit zum Zeitpunkt der Nominierung (Aufrufe auf Wikipedia), die Anzahl vorheriger Nominierungen der Autor:innen für den gleichen Buchpreis, die ›Qualität‹ der ausgezeichneten Bücher (Anzahl der Rezensionen des nominierten Buches, positive bzw. negative Beurteilung in Rezensionen sowie die Einigkeit der Rezensent:innen darüber), das Ansehen der Verlage und die Geschlechterzusammensetzung der Jurys. Der Analysezeitraum umfasst 15 Jahre. Unser Datensatz beinhaltet Informationen zu 428 Autor:innen mit insgesamt 627 zwischen den Jahren 2005 und 2020 nominierten Büchern und 2.469 Rezensionen zu diesen Büchern. Der Datensatz wurde mittels mehrerer Methoden (z. B. Web-Scraping, Hand-Kodierung, Expert:innenbewertungen) aus verschiedenen Quellen (z. B. Web-Daten, Bibliothekskataloge, Expert:innenbewertungen) zusammengestellt. Auf diese Weise können wir unter anderem zeigen, dass für alle untersuchten Preise überwiegend deutsche Muttersprachler:innen mit gut rezensierten Büchern aus renommierten Verlagen nominiert werden und die Preise gewinnen.
Ways of Worldmaking
(2020)
Was heißt Berühren Denken?
(2021)
Wann und wo ist nû?
(2022)
Die neuere Literaturtheorie hat sich mit dem Sachverhalt auseinanderzusetzen, dass immer mehr zeitgenössische Erzähltexte durchgehend das Präsens nutzen, um zu erzählen. Das deutschsprachige Mittelalter kennt solche durchgängig im Präsens erzählenden Texte, also solche, die das ›narrative Präsens‹ verwenden, unserem Wissen nach nicht. Was es kennt, ist der punktuelle Gebrauch des Präsens in Texten, die ansonsten nahezu durchgängig im epischen Präteritum abgefasst sind, also ein Präsens, das oft als ›historisches‹ bezeichnet wird, das sich für das Mittelhochdeutsche jedoch besser als ›punktuelles Präsens‹ fassen lässt.
Die Verwendung eines solchen Präsens bildet den Gegenstand dieses Beitrages. Wir verfolgen dabei die Frage, wie sich dieser Tempusgebrauch narratologisch beschreiben lässt und welche Auswirkungen er auf die diegetische Struktur eines Erzähltextes hat.
Diese Frage, mag sie auch schlicht daherkommen, ist eine recht voraussetzungsreiche, erfordert sie doch zwei grundsätzliche Klärungen. Zunächst die nach der ganz allgemeinen Temporalität des Präsens. Was sagt das Präsens über die zeitliche Lagerung einer Aussage überhaupt aus? Außerdem berührt der Versuch, den Präsensgebrauch in Erzähltexten narratologisch zu beschreiben, auch die Frage, ob sich die Funktion von Tempora in narrativen und/oder fiktionalen Texten ändert oder ändern kann. Beides sind nicht nur umfassende und komplexe Fragen, sondern auch solche, die in der Forschung hochgradig umstritten sind. Unsere Überlegungen hierzu können angesichts dessen nur skizzenhaft und vorläufig sein.
Vorwort
(2021)
„Now is the winter of our discontent | Made glorious summer by this son of York“ – mit diesen Worten öffnet Shakespeares Richard III. Ein einziger Schau- spieler hat die Bühne betreten, beginnt zu reden und setzt so, alleine, das Stück in Gang – ein Novum für Shakespeare. Die frühneuzeitliche Bühne ist (fast) leer, die Zuschauer*innen hängen an den Lippen des Protagonisten, um durch seine Worte in die fiktive Welt des Dramas eingeführt zu werden.
Gleich mit dem ersten Wort versetzt Richard die Zuschauer*innen in eine andere Gegenwart: Fast wie eine hypnotische Anweisung konstituiert dieses „Now“ das Zeit-Raum-Gefüge der englischen Rosenkriege. Sich diesem thea- tralen „Now“ hinzugeben ist die Aufgabe der Zuschauer*innen. Sie sind auf- gerufen, „to forget (however briefly) everything they have experienced before. What matters is this ‚now‘, the hic et nunc of the theatre.“
Verhältnis zum Judentum
(2020)
Anna Seghers: Deutsche, Jüdin, Kommunistin, Schriftstellerin, Frau, Mutter. Jedem dieser Worte denke man nach. So viele einander widersprechende, scheinbar einander ausschließende Identitäten, so viele tiefe, schmerzliche Bindungen, so viele Angriffsflächen, so viele Herausforderungen und Bewährungszwänge, so viele Möglichkeiten, verletzt zu werden, ausgesetzt zu sein, bedroht bis zur Todesgefahr.
Para inicios del siglo XXI se instalan nuevos medios de crítica literaria a través de soportes digitales. Estas publicaciones tensionan un campo letrado chileno que enfrenta cuestionamientos. Gestionadas mayoritariamente por creadores precedentes de la generación del 90, producen reaproximaciones a la cultura letrada. El objetivo es desafiar dinámicas de interacción lectora heredadas vinculadas a las luces patria, desarrollistas, de tipo linear y ciegas a la heterogeneidad cultural vivida en la época. El proceso comprende, de tal modo, una reeducación crítica centrada en ensayar poéticas de productividad analítico-literarias heteróclitas. Se trata de una interacción lectora diversa, sujeta a retóricas íntimas de apreciación estética, que ponen en cuestión las nociones tradicionales mayoritariamente instructiva de la cultura chilena.
In October 2016, following a campaign led by Labour Peer Lord Alfred Dubs, the first child asylum-seekers allowed entry to the UK under new legislation (the ‘Dubs amendment’) arrived in England. Their arrival was captured by a heavy media presence, and very quickly doubts were raised by right-wing tabloids and politicians about their age. In this article, I explore the arguments underpinning the Dubs campaign and the media coverage of the children’s arrival as a starting point for interrogating representational practices around children who seek asylum. I illustrate how the campaign was premised on a universal politics of childhood that inadvertently laid down the terms on which these children would be given protection, namely their innocence.
The universality of childhood fuels public sympathy for child asylum-seekers, underlies the ‘child first, migrant second’ approach advocated by humanitarian organisations, and it was a key argument in the ‘Dubs amendment’. Yet the campaign highlights how representations of child asylum-seekers rely on codes that operate to identify ‘unchildlike’ children. As I show, in the context of the criminalisation of undocumented migrants‘, childhood is no longer a stable category which guarantees protection, but is subject to scrutiny and suspicion and can, ultimately, be disproved.
Theorie des (Un-)Praktischen
(2022)
According to Aikhenvald (2007:5), descriptive linguistics or linguistic
fieldwork “ideally involves observing the language as it is used,
becoming a member of the community, and often being adopted into
the kinship system”. Descriptive linguistics therefore differs from
theoretical linguistics in that while the former seeks to describe natural
languages as they are used, the latter, other than describing, attempts
to give explanations on how or why language phenomena behave in
certain ways. Thus, I will abstract away from any preconceived ideas
on how sentences ought to be in Awing and take the linguist/reader
through focus and interrogative constructions to get a feeling of how
the Awing people interact verbally.
The article is dedicated to the role of weather in Shakespeare’s tragedies. It traces a dense net of weather instances – stage weather, narrated weather events, weather imagery – throughout his plays, and attempts to reconstruct the weather’s structural implications for the tragedy genre. The way early modern humoral pathology understood the weather’s influence on the humours of the human body – of which Shakespeare’s plays themselves give evidence – provides the background for reconstructing the function of the weather as a source of tragic force. Its turbulence not only infects the characters in the play and thereby drives the plot, but also transgresses the boundaries of the fictional world and affects spectators in the auditorium.
In 1735, the Leipzig professor of medicine Samuel Theodor Quellmaltz (1696–1758) designed and built an artificial horse. He presented it in an illustrated construction manual, which included precise information about the materials and dimensions of this wooden horse for therapeutic use. This contribution analyses Quellmaltz’s invention of the ‘machine horse’ as a medical and technological contribution to prevalent theories about the paradigmatic role of the machine in Enlightenment thought.
The commuting island
(2011)
The Author as Researcher
(2019)
This article proposes a new perspective on avant-garde travel writing through the lens of scientific field work, investigating these new writing techniques in Boris Pil’niak’s expedition prose. In the 1920s, the researching writer represents a hidden, but influential counterpart to the widely propagated figure of the working writer. While the author as producer combines word and deed in an operative act, the author as researcher investigates the production of knowledge. This entails revising the centrality of facts. Literature as artistic research subverts factography by going beyond the horizons of veristic data registration to include uncharted realms and vague possibilities. This exploration leads to specific genres: the author as researcher tries his hand at a kind of laboratory text, a prolific genre at the intersection of testing equipment, recording media, and hypothetical thought. Not confined to a sterile lab, avant-garde writer-researchers, as members of research expeditions, oscillate between their home writing desks and the remote depths of the emerging USSR. At the same time, they explore writing practices situated between data acquisition, sampling, fact-finding, observation and recording.
The paper investigates Turkish texts from heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany in a pseudo-longitudinal setting, looking at pupils' texts from the 5th, 7th, 10th and 12th grades. Two types of dynamics are identified in the advanced acquisition(1) of Turkish orthography in the heritage context. One is the dynamic of language contact, where in certain areas of the orthography, we find a re-interpretation of Turkish principles according to the German model. However, this changes as the pupils grow up. The second dynamic is the heritage situation. The heritage situation on one side leads to the establishment of new practices, and it also leads to a higher degree of variability of spelling solutions in those areas, where the orthographic system of Turkish poses challenges to every writer, whether monolingual and growing up in Turkey or heritage speaker.
Sprach‑ und Weltalternativen
(2020)
Multilingualism and the alternate history genre have something in common: both phenomena are based on the construction of alternatives, in the case of multilingualism on the alternatives between different languages and communication systems, and in the case of the alternate history genre on the alternatives between real-world facts and the variation thereof within fictional worlds. This article investigates the interconnections between these two forms of thinking in alternatives by looking specifically at Quentin Tarantino's counterfactual war film Inglourious Basterds (2009) and Christian Kracht's alternate history novel Ich werde hier sein im Sonnenschein und im Schatten (2008). I argue that the consideration of language alternatives forms part of the meta-reflection of the alternate history genre in these works while at the same time opening up a political perspective: in Tarantino's film and Kracht's novel, multilingualism serves as a means for the critique of ideology by rendering palpable the political threats of a worldview based on clear-cut alternatives. In the article's final section, I plead for the establishment of stronger links between the research on literary multilingualism and the theory of fiction.
Sentence type marking is realized by two suffixes in Aymara, one marks
declaratives and the other polar sentences (polar questions and negated
sentences) by picking out one or two propositions, respectively. A third
suffix, initially associated with wh-questions, turns out to be a (scalar)
additive and unrelated to sentence type. The sentence-type-related suffixes
associate with focus and the additive can associate with focus by
attaching to the focused constituent.
Semantik der Textgestalt
(2023)
The article focuses on the rebellious subplot of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest that forms around Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo, and reads it as a satyr play. Demonstrated is how the Dionysian subplot stands in close analogical connection with the play’s main action. It is also argued that the storyline emphasises a dimension of the play that is of high relevance to the analysis of its metatheatrical implications. The correspondences between the main action and the satyr play elements highlight the important role that intemperance, excess and the suspension of control play in the Shakespearean theatrical setting.
Reflections of Lusáni Cissé
(2020)
Die „Poetica“ Tommaso Campanellas ist Ausdruck einer starken Rationalisierung und didaktischer Instrumentalisierung der Dichtung. Diese Rationalisierung kann als Reaktion auf die Inspirationstheorien von Marsilio Ficino und Pietro Pomponazzi erklärt werden, die beide (mit je ganz unterschiedlichen Begründungen) den poetischen Enthusiasmus neben die Offenbarungen des Propheten gestellt und damit den ausschließlichen Offenbarungsanspruch der Prophetie herausgefordert hatten.
Public Character
(2021)
Praxis und Theorie der Prosa
(2021)
Postcolonial criticism has repeatedly debunked the ostensible neutrality of the ‘world’ of world literature by pointing out that and how the contemporary world – whether conceived in terms of cosmopolitan conviviality or neoliberal globalization – cannot be understood without recourse to the worldly event of Europe’s colonial expansion. While we deem this critical perspective indispensable, we simultaneously maintain that to reduce ‘the world’ to the world-making impact of capital, colonialism, and patriarchy paints an overly deterministic picture that runs the risk of unwittingly reproducing precisely that dominant ‘oneworldness’ that it aims to critique. Moreover, the mere potentiality of alternative modes of world-making tends to disappear in such a perspective so that the only remaining option to think beyond oneworldness resides in the singularity claim. This insistence on singularity, however, leaves the relatedness of the single units massively underdetermined or denies it altogether. By contrast, we locate world literature in the conflicted space between the imperial imposition of a hierarchically stratified world (to which, as hegemonic forces tell us, ‘there is no alternative’) and the unrealized ‘undivided world’ that multiple minor cosmopolitan projects yet have to win. It is precisely the tension between these ‘two worlds’ that brings into view the crucial centrality not of the nodes in their alleged singularity but their specific relatedness to each other, that both impedes and energizes world literature today and renders it ineluctably postcolonial.