800 Literatur und Rhetorik
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Public Character
(2021)
Language portraits are useful instruments to elicit speakers' reflections on the languages in their repertoires. In this study, we implement a "portrait-corpus approach" (Peters and Coetzee-Van Rooy 2020) to investigate the conceptualisations of the languages Afrikaans and English in 105 language portraits. In this approach, we use participants' reflections about their placement of the two languages on a human silhouette as a linguistic corpus. Relying on quantitative and qualitative analyses using WordSmith, Statistica and Atlas.ti, our study shows that Afrikaans is mainly conceptualised as a language that is located in more peripheral areas of the body (for example, the hands and feet) and, hence, is perceived as less important in participants' repertoires. The central location of English in the head reveals its status as an important language in the participants' multilingual repertoires. We argue that these conceptualisations of Afrikaans and English provide additional insight into the attitudes towards these languages in South Africa.
Der vorliegende Beitrag interpretiert Herders Alte Volkslieder (1773-1775) als paradigmatische Konstellation des Nationaldiskurses im 18. Jahrhundert. Blickleitend ist dabei die These einer Gleichursprünglichkeit von nationalpoetischem Begründungs- und kulturanthropologischem Forschungsdiskurs in Herders Volksliedprojekt.
So entwickelt das Erste Buch der Alten Volkslieder zunächst das Projekt, durch die Sammlung und Edition muttersprachlicher Liedquellen zur Formierung und Kultivierung der deutschen Nationalkultur beizutragen. Die folgende Untersuchung arbeitet die diskursiven Voraussetzungen und Ziele dieser Konstruktion des Volkslieds als Paradigma ,nationaler‘ Poesie heraus.
Deutlich wird dabei erstens, wie Herder sein Projekt in kritisch-polemischer Abgrenzung von philologisch-gelehrten Ansätzen zur Erschließung von Quellen alter deutscher Poesie profiliert. Es zeigt sich, dass Herder mit seinem Projekt einer Nationsbildung im Medium des Volkslieds einen starken Innovationsanspruch äußert: In der deutschen Liedkultur, deren Idealbild Herder entwirft, soll die Differenz von Volk und gelehrtem Stand aufgehoben sein (sozialkritische Dimension); analog dazu soll das Verhältnis von unterem und oberem Erkenntnisvermögen neu konstelliert werden (wirkungsästhetische Perspektive). ,Nationallieder‘ erscheinen mithin als revolutionäre Verheißungsformel, um Restriktionen der ständischen Gesellschaft und Konventionen ihres Geschmacks infrage zu stellen.
„Now is the winter of our discontent | Made glorious summer by this son of York“ – mit diesen Worten öffnet Shakespeares Richard III. Ein einziger Schau- spieler hat die Bühne betreten, beginnt zu reden und setzt so, alleine, das Stück in Gang – ein Novum für Shakespeare. Die frühneuzeitliche Bühne ist (fast) leer, die Zuschauer*innen hängen an den Lippen des Protagonisten, um durch seine Worte in die fiktive Welt des Dramas eingeführt zu werden.
Gleich mit dem ersten Wort versetzt Richard die Zuschauer*innen in eine andere Gegenwart: Fast wie eine hypnotische Anweisung konstituiert dieses „Now“ das Zeit-Raum-Gefüge der englischen Rosenkriege. Sich diesem thea- tralen „Now“ hinzugeben ist die Aufgabe der Zuschauer*innen. Sie sind auf- gerufen, „to forget (however briefly) everything they have experienced before. What matters is this ‚now‘, the hic et nunc of the theatre.“
On 7 February 1861, John Tyndall, professor of natural philosophy, delivered a historical lecture: he could prove that different gases absorb heat to a very different degree, which implies that the temperate conditions provided for by the Earth's atmosphere are dependent on its particular composition of gases. The theoretical foundation of climate science was laid.
Ten years later, on the other side of the Channel, a young and ambitious author was working on a comprehensive literary analysis of the French era under the Second Empire. Émile Zola had probably not heard or read of Tyndall's discovery. However, the article makes the case for reading Zola's Rougon-Macquart as an extensive story of climate change. Zola's literary attempts to capture the defining characteristic of the Second Empire led him to the insight that its various milieus were all part of the same ‘climate’: that of an all-encompassing warming. Zola suggests that this climate is man-made: the economic success of the Second Empire is based on heating, in a literal and metaphorical sense, as well as on stoking the steam-engines and creating the hypertrophic atmosphere of the hothouse that enhances life and maximises turnover and profit. In contrast to Tyndall and his audience, Zola sensed the catastrophic consequences of this warming: the Second Empire was inevitably moving towards a final débâcle, i.e. it was doomed to perish in local and ‘global’ climate catastrophes.
The article foregrounds the supplementary status of Tyndall's physical and Zola's literary knowledge. As Zola's striking intuition demonstrates, literature appears to have a privileged approach to the phenomenon of man-induced climate change.
Vorwort
(2021)
Was heißt Berühren Denken?
(2021)
Nichts (Luce Irigaray)
(2021)
Praxis und Theorie der Prosa
(2021)
Poetik der Verästelung
(2021)
Postcolonial criticism has repeatedly debunked the ostensible neutrality of the ‘world’ of world literature by pointing out that and how the contemporary world – whether conceived in terms of cosmopolitan conviviality or neoliberal globalization – cannot be understood without recourse to the worldly event of Europe’s colonial expansion. While we deem this critical perspective indispensable, we simultaneously maintain that to reduce ‘the world’ to the world-making impact of capital, colonialism, and patriarchy paints an overly deterministic picture that runs the risk of unwittingly reproducing precisely that dominant ‘oneworldness’ that it aims to critique. Moreover, the mere potentiality of alternative modes of world-making tends to disappear in such a perspective so that the only remaining option to think beyond oneworldness resides in the singularity claim. This insistence on singularity, however, leaves the relatedness of the single units massively underdetermined or denies it altogether. By contrast, we locate world literature in the conflicted space between the imperial imposition of a hierarchically stratified world (to which, as hegemonic forces tell us, ‘there is no alternative’) and the unrealized ‘undivided world’ that multiple minor cosmopolitan projects yet have to win. It is precisely the tension between these ‘two worlds’ that brings into view the crucial centrality not of the nodes in their alleged singularity but their specific relatedness to each other, that both impedes and energizes world literature today and renders it ineluctably postcolonial.