Gold Open-Access
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (2278)
- Review (85)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (69)
- Part of Periodical (39)
- Other (37)
- Part of a Book (22)
- Master's Thesis (19)
- Doctoral Thesis (17)
- Conference Proceeding (13)
- Report (12)
Language
- English (1975)
- German (581)
- Spanish (29)
- French (19)
- Italian (3)
- Portuguese (2)
- Russian (2)
- Multiple languages (1)
Keywords
- digital education (37)
- e-learning (37)
- MOOC (35)
- online course creation (33)
- online course design (33)
- Digitale Bildung (32)
- Kursdesign (32)
- Micro Degree (32)
- Online-Lehre (32)
- Onlinekurs (32)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (391)
- Extern (371)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (231)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (209)
- Institut für Romanistik (169)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (150)
- Historisches Institut (144)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH (110)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (99)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (97)
We report on the detection of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac objects KUV 00311-1938 and PKS 1440-389 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). H.E.S.S. observations were accompanied or preceded by multiwavelength observations with Fermi/LAT, XRT and UVOT onboard the Swift satellite, and ATOM. Based on an extrapolation of the Fermi/LAT spectrum towards the VHE gamma-ray regime, we deduce a 95 per cent confidence level upper limit on the unknown redshift of KUV 00311-1938 of z < 0.98 and of PKS 1440-389 of z < 0.53. When combined with previous spectroscopy results, the redshift of KUV 00311-1938 is constrained to 0.51 <= z < 0.98 and of PKS 1440-389 to 0.14 (sic) z < 0.53.
We used structural topic modeling to analyze over 800,000 German tweets about COVID-19 to answer the questions: What patterns emerge in tweets as a response to a health crisis? And how do topics discussed change over time? The study leans on the goals associated with the health information seeking (GAINS) model, discerning whether a post aims at tackling and eliminating the problem (i.e., problem-focused) or managing the emotions (i.e., emotion-focused); whether it strives to maximize positive outcomes (promotion focus) or to minimize negative outcomes (prevention focus). The findings indicate four clusters salient in public reactions: 1) “Understanding” (problem-promotion); 2) “Action planning” (problem-prevention); 3) “Hope” (emotion-promotion) and 4) “Reassurance” (emotion-prevention). Public communication is volatile over time, and a shift is evidenced from self-centered to community-centered topics within 4.5 weeks. Our study illustrates social media text mining's potential to quickly and efficiently extract public opinions and reactions. Monitoring fears and trending topics enable policymakers to rapidly respond to deviant behavior, like resistive attitudes toward containment measures or deteriorating physical health. Healthcare workers can use the insights to provide mental health services for battling anxiety or extensive loneliness from staying home.
Verwaltungsmodernisierung
(2020)
Die Modernisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung hat sich längst zu einer Daueraufgabe entwickelt. In den Modernisierungsprozessen stehen derzeit zwei Segmente besonders im Fokus: Digitalisierung und Partizipation. Digitalisierung geht heute weit über die ursprünglich mit diesem Stichwort angesprochene Umwandlung analoger Daten in elektronische Datenformate hinaus. Die Programmatik der Digitalisierung zielt auf den möglichst umfassenden Einsatz elektronischer Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken zur Unterstützung, Beschleunigung, Rationalisierung und in Teilen auch Ersetzung von herkömmlichen Verwaltungsabläufen mit der Perspektive auf eine Transformation und Durchdringung sowohl des gesamten Verwaltungshandelns als auch der gesamten Verwaltungsorganisation. Demgegenüber meint Partizipation nach gängigem Verständnis die Beteiligung von Bürgern und anderen gesellschaftlichen Akteuren an politischen Willensbildungs- und Entscheidungsprozessen. In spezifisch administrativem Zusammenhang geht es vor allem um die Einbindung von Bürgern in Entscheidungsprozesse der Verwaltung und um die Aktivierung der Zivilgesellschaft, die Erschließung bürgerschaftlichen Engagements sowie gesellschaftlicher Ressourcen für die Erfüllung von Verwaltungsaufgaben – und dies alles mit dem Ziel einer Verbesserung der Legitimität und Qualität öffentlicher Verwaltung. Die beiden Modernisierungsansätze stehen nicht unverbunden nebeneinander. Vielmehr gehen sie nicht selten ineinander über. Beispiele dafür sind die Bereitstellung von Optionen zu elektronischer Stellung und Bearbeitung von Anträgen sowie von elektronischen Plattformen für die Bürgerpartizipation.
An diesen Themenfeldern der Verwaltungsmodernisierung setzt der Tagungsband an. Er dokumentiert den Gedankenaustausch über Digitalisierungs- und Partizipationsprozesse zwischen polnischen und deutschen Verwaltungsrechtswissenschaftlern auf einer Tagung, die im Dezember 2019 an der Universität Potsdam stattgefunden hat.
When infants observe a human grasping action, experience-based accounts predict that all infants familiar with grasping actions should be able to predict the goal regardless of additional agency cues such as an action effect. Cue-based accounts, however, suggest that infants use agency cues to identify and predict action goals when the action or the agent is not familiar. From these accounts, we hypothesized that younger infants would need additional agency cues such as a salient action effect to predict the goal of a human grasping action, whereas older infants should be able to predict the goal regardless of agency cues. In three experiments, we presented 6-, 7-, and 11-month-olds with videos of a manual grasping action presented either with or without an additional salient action effect (Exp. 1 and 2), or we presented 7-month-olds with videos of a mechanical claw performing a grasping action presented with a salient action effect (Exp. 3). The 6-month-olds showed tracking gaze behavior, and the 11-month-olds showed predictive gaze behavior, regardless of the action effect. However, the 7-month-olds showed predictive gaze behavior in the action-effect condition, but tracking gaze behavior in the no-action-effect condition and in the action-effect condition with a mechanical claw. The results therefore support the idea that salient action effects are especially important for infants' goal predictions from 7 months on, and that this facilitating influence of action effects is selective for the observation of human hands.
During the observation of goal-directed actions, infants usually predict the goal at an earlier age when the agent is familiar (e.g., human hand) compared to unfamiliar (e.g., mechanical claw). These findings implicate a crucial role of the developing agentive self for infants' processing of others' action goals. Recent theoretical accounts suggest that predictive gaze behavior relies on an interplay between infants' agentive experience (top-down processes) and perceptual information about the agent and the action-event (bottom-up information; e.g., agency cues). The present study examined 7-, 11-, and 18-month-old infants' predictive gaze behavior for a grasping action performed by an unfamiliar tool, depending on infants' age-related action knowledge about tool-use and the display of the agency cue of producing a salient action effect. The results are in line with the notion of a systematic interplay between experience-based top-down processes and cue-based bottom-up information: Regardless of the salient action effect, predictive gaze shifts did not occur in the 7-month-olds (least experienced age group), but did occur in the 18-month-olds (most experienced age group). In the 11-month-olds, however, predictive gaze shifts occurred only when a salient action effect was presented. This sheds new light on how the developing agentive self, in interplay with available agency cues, supports infants' action-goal prediction also for observed tool-use actions.
Accurately predicting total electron content (TEC) during geomagnetic storms is still a challenging task for ionospheric models. In this work, a neural-network (NN)-based model is proposed which predicts relative TEC with respect to the preceding 27-day median TEC, during storm time for the European region (with longitudes 30 degrees W-50 degrees E and latitudes 32.5 degrees N-70 degrees N). The 27-day median TEC (referred to as median TEC), latitude, longitude, universal time, storm time, solar radio flux index F10.7, global storm index SYM-H and geomagnetic activity index Hp30 are used as inputs and the output of the network is the relative TEC. The relative TEC can be converted to the actual TEC knowing the median TEC. The median TEC is calculated at each grid point over the European region considering data from the last 27 days before the storm using global ionosphere maps (GIMs) from international GNSS service (IGS) sources. A storm event is defined when the storm time disturbance index Dst drops below 50 nanotesla. The model was trained with storm-time relative TEC data from the time period of 1998 until 2019 (2015 is excluded) and contains 365 storms. Unseen storm data from 33 storm events during 2015 and 2020 were used to test the model. The UQRG GIMs were used because of their high temporal resolution (15 min) compared to other products from different analysis centers. The NN-based model predictions show the seasonal behavior of the storms including positive and negative storm phases during winter and summer, respectively, and show a mixture of both phases during equinoxes. The model's performance was also compared with the Neustrelitz TEC model (NTCM) and the NN-based quiet-time TEC model, both developed at the German Aerospace Agency (DLR). The storm model has a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 3.38 TEC units (TECU), which is an improvement by 1.87 TECU compared to the NTCM, where an RMSE of 5.25 TECU was found. This improvement corresponds to a performance increase by 35.6%. The storm-time model outperforms the quiet-time model by 1.34 TECU, which corresponds to a performance increase by 28.4% from 4.72 to 3.38 TECU. The quiet-time model was trained with Carrington averaged TEC and, therefore, is ideal to be used as an input instead of the GIM derived 27-day median. We found an improvement by 0.8 TECU which corresponds to a performance increase by 17% from 4.72 to 3.92 TECU for the storm-time model using the quiet-time-model predicted TEC as an input compared to solely using the quiet-time model.
Im Artikel werden von Frauen verfasste Filmdrehbücher der 1910er Jahre im Russischen Kaiserreich chronologisch untersucht. Zunächst werden die ersten Drehbuchautorinnen Makarova und Tat’jana Suchotina-Tolstaja, die am Anfang der 1910er Jahre in Koautorschaft mit den bekannten Autoren (Makarova mit den Regisseur Vladimir Gončarov; Suchotina-Tolstaja mit ihrem Vater Leo Tolstoj) arbeiteten, und ihre Filme in Betracht gezogen. Dann wird der Film Ključi sčastʹja / Schlüssel zum Glück (Vladimir Gardin, Jakov Protazanov, 1913, Russisches Kaiserreich) nach dem Roman von Anastasija Verbickaja näher behandelt. Verbickajas Film demonstrierte, dass eine Drehbuchautorin eine selbständige Autorin sein kann und diente als Impuls für die Entwicklung der Frauenfilmdramaturgie im Russischen Kaiserreich, deren Aufschwung in der zweiten Hälfte der 1910er Jahre begann, und prägte bestimmte Erwartungen von auf weiblichen Drehbüchern basierenden Filmen. Maria Kallaš, die an den Drehbüchern zu den Verfilmungen des russischen literarischen Kanons 1913 arbeitete, kritisierte Verbickajas Text als pseudofeministisch und behauptete in ihrem Essay „Ženskie kabare“ („Frauenkabarett“), dass Frauenliteratur noch „keine eigene Sprache“ habe (1916). Anna Mar begann ihre Arbeit im Kino 1914, parallel zu Verbiсkajas Nachfolgerinnen, und konzentrierte sich in ihren Filmen auf die soziale Problematik – die Stellung moderner Frauen in der Gesellschaft. Damit eröffnete Mar eine neue Entwicklungsperspektive für das weibliche Drehbuchschreiben.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease regulated by an interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. To understand the genetic contribution in the development of diabetes, mice varying in their disease susceptibility were crossed with the obese and diabetes-prone New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse. Subsequent whole-genome sequence scans revealed one major quantitative trait loci (QTL),Nidd/DBAon chromosome 4, linked to elevated blood glucose and reduced plasma insulin and low levels of pancreatic insulin. Phenotypical characterization of congenic mice carrying 13.6 Mbp of the critical fragment of DBA mice displayed severe hyperglycemia and impaired glucose clearance at week 10, decreased glucose response in week 13, and loss of beta-cells and pancreatic insulin in week 16. To identify the responsible gene variant(s), further congenic mice were generated and phenotyped, which resulted in a fragment of 3.3 Mbp that was sufficient to induce hyperglycemia. By combining transcriptome analysis and haplotype mapping, the number of putative responsible variant(s) was narrowed from initial 284 to 18 genes, including gene models and non-coding RNAs. Consideration of haplotype blocks reduced the number of candidate genes to four (Kti12,Osbpl9,Ttc39a, andCalr4) as potential T2D candidates as they display a differential expression in pancreatic islets and/or sequence variation. In conclusion, the integration of comparative analysis of multiple inbred populations such as haplotype mapping, transcriptomics, and sequence data substantially improved the mapping resolution of the diabetes QTLNidd/DBA. Future studies are necessary to understand the exact role of the different candidates in beta-cell function and their contribution in maintaining glycemic control.
Pancreatic steatosis associates with beta-cell failure and may participate in the development of type-2-diabetes. Our previous studies have shown that diabetes-susceptible mice accumulate more adipocytes in the pancreas than diabetes-resistant mice. In addition, we have demonstrated that the co-culture of pancreatic islets and adipocytes affect insulin secretion. The aim of this current study was to elucidate if and to what extent pancreas-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with adipogenic progenitor potential differ from the corresponding stromal-type cells of the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). miRNA (miRNome) and mRNA expression (transcriptome) analyses of MSCs isolated by flow cytometry of both tissues revealed 121 differentially expressed miRNAs and 1227 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Target prediction analysis estimated 510 DEGs to be regulated by 58 differentially expressed miRNAs. Pathway analyses of DEGs and miRNA target genes showed unique transcriptional and miRNA signatures in pancreas (pMSCs) and iWAT MSCs (iwatMSCs), for instance fibrogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. Accordingly, iwatMSCs revealed a higher adipogenic lineage commitment, whereas pMSCs showed an elevated fibrogenesis. As a low degree of adipogenesis was also observed in pMSCs of diabetes-susceptible mice, we conclude that the development of pancreatic steatosis has to be induced by other factors not related to cell-autonomous transcriptomic changes and miRNA-based signals.