TY - JOUR A1 - Abdalla, Hassan E. A1 - Adam, Remi A1 - Aharonian, Felix A. A1 - Benkhali, Faical Ait A1 - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan A1 - Arakawa, Masanori A1 - Arcaro, C A1 - Armand, Catherine A1 - Armstrong, T. A1 - Egberts, Kathrin T1 - Very high energy γ-ray emission from two blazars of unknown redshift and upper limits on their distance JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We report on the detection of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac objects KUV 00311-1938 and PKS 1440-389 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). H.E.S.S. observations were accompanied or preceded by multiwavelength observations with Fermi/LAT, XRT and UVOT onboard the Swift satellite, and ATOM. Based on an extrapolation of the Fermi/LAT spectrum towards the VHE gamma-ray regime, we deduce a 95 per cent confidence level upper limit on the unknown redshift of KUV 00311-1938 of z < 0.98 and of PKS 1440-389 of z < 0.53. When combined with previous spectroscopy results, the redshift of KUV 00311-1938 is constrained to 0.51 <= z < 0.98 and of PKS 1440-389 to 0.14 (sic) z < 0.53. KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual KW - galaxies: high-redshift KW - gamma-rays: general KW - Resolved and unresolved sources as a function of wavelength Y1 - 2020 VL - 494 IS - 4 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abiuso, Paolo A1 - Holubec, Viktor A1 - Anders, Janet A1 - Ye, Zhuolin A1 - Cerisola, Federico A1 - Perarnau-Llobet, Marti T1 - Thermodynamics and optimal protocols of multidimensional quadratic Brownian systems JF - Journal of physics communications N2 - We characterize finite-time thermodynamic processes of multidimensional quadratic overdamped systems. Analytic expressions are provided for heat, work, and dissipation for any evolution of the system covariance matrix. The Bures-Wasserstein metric between covariance matrices naturally emerges as the local quantifier of dissipation. General principles of how to apply these geometric tools to identify optimal protocols are discussed. Focusing on the relevant slow-driving limit, we show how these results can be used to analyze cases in which the experimental control over the system is partial. KW - stochastic thermodynamics KW - thermodynamic control KW - thermodynamic length KW - overdamped brownian systems Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac72f8 SN - 2399-6528 VL - 6 IS - 6 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abramova, Olga A1 - Batzel, Katharina A1 - Modesti, Daniela T1 - Collective response to the health crisis among German Twitter users BT - a structural topic modeling approach JF - International Journal of Information Management Data Insights N2 - We used structural topic modeling to analyze over 800,000 German tweets about COVID-19 to answer the questions: What patterns emerge in tweets as a response to a health crisis? And how do topics discussed change over time? The study leans on the goals associated with the health information seeking (GAINS) model, discerning whether a post aims at tackling and eliminating the problem (i.e., problem-focused) or managing the emotions (i.e., emotion-focused); whether it strives to maximize positive outcomes (promotion focus) or to minimize negative outcomes (prevention focus). The findings indicate four clusters salient in public reactions: 1) “Understanding” (problem-promotion); 2) “Action planning” (problem-prevention); 3) “Hope” (emotion-promotion) and 4) “Reassurance” (emotion-prevention). Public communication is volatile over time, and a shift is evidenced from self-centered to community-centered topics within 4.5 weeks. Our study illustrates social media text mining's potential to quickly and efficiently extract public opinions and reactions. Monitoring fears and trending topics enable policymakers to rapidly respond to deviant behavior, like resistive attitudes toward containment measures or deteriorating physical health. Healthcare workers can use the insights to provide mental health services for battling anxiety or extensive loneliness from staying home. KW - social media KW - Twitter KW - modeling KW - regulatory focus theory KW - crisis management KW - text mining Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100126 SN - 2667-0968 VL - 2 IS - 2 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Abromeit, Wolfgang ED - Greve, Ruth ED - Gwiasda, Benjamin ED - Kemper, Thomas ED - Moir, Joshua ED - Müller, Sabrina ED - Schönberger, Arno ED - Stöcker, Sebastian ED - Wagner, Julia ED - Wolff, Lydia T1 - Digitalisierte Verwaltungsrechtsverhältnisse T2 - Der digitalisierte Staat - Chancen und Herausforderungen für den modernen Staat : 60. Assistententagung Öffentliches Recht : Tagung der Wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter, Wissenschaftlichen Assisteninnen und Assistenten Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-6614-7 SN - 978-3-7190-4412-1 SN - 978-3-7489-0749-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748907497-333 SP - 333 EP - 352 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Abromeit, Wolfgang A1 - Szewczyk, Ewa A1 - Szewczyk, Marek A1 - Fuks, Adrian A1 - Alpha, Jan-Ole A1 - Staniszewska, Lucyna A1 - Pawłowski, Sławomir A1 - Kruś, Maciej A1 - Meier, Michael A1 - Popowska, Bożena A1 - Sancewicz, Paweł A1 - Ziemski, Krystian A1 - Jędrzejczak, Maria ED - Bauer, Hartmut ED - Szewzyk, Marek ED - Popowska, Bożena ED - Abromeit, Wolfgang T1 - Verwaltungsmodernisierung BT - Digitalisierung und Partizipation T3 - KWI Schriften N2 - Die Modernisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung hat sich längst zu einer Daueraufgabe entwickelt. In den Modernisierungsprozessen stehen derzeit zwei Segmente besonders im Fokus: Digitalisierung und Partizipation. Digitalisierung geht heute weit über die ursprünglich mit diesem Stichwort angesprochene Umwandlung analoger Daten in elektronische Datenformate hinaus. Die Programmatik der Digitalisierung zielt auf den möglichst umfassenden Einsatz elektronischer Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken zur Unterstützung, Beschleunigung, Rationalisierung und in Teilen auch Ersetzung von herkömmlichen Verwaltungsabläufen mit der Perspektive auf eine Transformation und Durchdringung sowohl des gesamten Verwaltungshandelns als auch der gesamten Verwaltungsorganisation. Demgegenüber meint Partizipation nach gängigem Verständnis die Beteiligung von Bürgern und anderen gesellschaftlichen Akteuren an politischen Willensbildungs- und Entscheidungsprozessen. In spezifisch administrativem Zusammenhang geht es vor allem um die Einbindung von Bürgern in Entscheidungsprozesse der Verwaltung und um die Aktivierung der Zivilgesellschaft, die Erschließung bürgerschaftlichen Engagements sowie gesellschaftlicher Ressourcen für die Erfüllung von Verwaltungsaufgaben – und dies alles mit dem Ziel einer Verbesserung der Legitimität und Qualität öffentlicher Verwaltung. Die beiden Modernisierungsansätze stehen nicht unverbunden nebeneinander. Vielmehr gehen sie nicht selten ineinander über. Beispiele dafür sind die Bereitstellung von Optionen zu elektronischer Stellung und Bearbeitung von Anträgen sowie von elektronischen Plattformen für die Bürgerpartizipation. An diesen Themenfeldern der Verwaltungsmodernisierung setzt der Tagungsband an. Er dokumentiert den Gedankenaustausch über Digitalisierungs- und Partizipationsprozesse zwischen polnischen und deutschen Verwaltungsrechtswissenschaftlern auf einer Tagung, die im Dezember 2019 an der Universität Potsdam stattgefunden hat. T3 - KWI-Schriften - 12 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459105 SN - 978-3-86956-486-9 SN - 1867-951X SN - 1867-9528 IS - 12 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Maurits A1 - Elsner, Birgit T1 - The impact of salient action effects on 6-, 7-, and 11-month-olds’ goal-predictive gaze shifts for a human grasping action JF - PLOS ONE N2 - When infants observe a human grasping action, experience-based accounts predict that all infants familiar with grasping actions should be able to predict the goal regardless of additional agency cues such as an action effect. Cue-based accounts, however, suggest that infants use agency cues to identify and predict action goals when the action or the agent is not familiar. From these accounts, we hypothesized that younger infants would need additional agency cues such as a salient action effect to predict the goal of a human grasping action, whereas older infants should be able to predict the goal regardless of agency cues. In three experiments, we presented 6-, 7-, and 11-month-olds with videos of a manual grasping action presented either with or without an additional salient action effect (Exp. 1 and 2), or we presented 7-month-olds with videos of a mechanical claw performing a grasping action presented with a salient action effect (Exp. 3). The 6-month-olds showed tracking gaze behavior, and the 11-month-olds showed predictive gaze behavior, regardless of the action effect. However, the 7-month-olds showed predictive gaze behavior in the action-effect condition, but tracking gaze behavior in the no-action-effect condition and in the action-effect condition with a mechanical claw. The results therefore support the idea that salient action effects are especially important for infants' goal predictions from 7 months on, and that this facilitating influence of action effects is selective for the observation of human hands. KW - attention KW - eye movements KW - infants perception KW - mechanisms KW - origins Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240165 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 15 IS - 10 PB - Public Library of Science CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Maurits A1 - Gumbsch, Christian A1 - Butz, Martin V. A1 - Elsner, Birgit T1 - The impact of action effects on infants’ predictive gaze shifts for a non-human grasping action at 7, 11, and 18 months JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - During the observation of goal-directed actions, infants usually predict the goal at an earlier age when the agent is familiar (e.g., human hand) compared to unfamiliar (e.g., mechanical claw). These findings implicate a crucial role of the developing agentive self for infants' processing of others' action goals. Recent theoretical accounts suggest that predictive gaze behavior relies on an interplay between infants' agentive experience (top-down processes) and perceptual information about the agent and the action-event (bottom-up information; e.g., agency cues). The present study examined 7-, 11-, and 18-month-old infants' predictive gaze behavior for a grasping action performed by an unfamiliar tool, depending on infants' age-related action knowledge about tool-use and the display of the agency cue of producing a salient action effect. The results are in line with the notion of a systematic interplay between experience-based top-down processes and cue-based bottom-up information: Regardless of the salient action effect, predictive gaze shifts did not occur in the 7-month-olds (least experienced age group), but did occur in the 18-month-olds (most experienced age group). In the 11-month-olds, however, predictive gaze shifts occurred only when a salient action effect was presented. This sheds new light on how the developing agentive self, in interplay with available agency cues, supports infants' action-goal prediction also for observed tool-use actions. KW - infancy KW - predictive gaze behavior KW - eye tracking KW - tool-use actions KW - agency cues KW - developing agentive self KW - non-human grasping Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695550 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adolfs, Marjolijn A1 - Hoque, Mohammed Mainul A1 - Shprits, Yuri Y. T1 - Storm-time relative total electron content modelling using machine learning techniques JF - Remote sensing N2 - Accurately predicting total electron content (TEC) during geomagnetic storms is still a challenging task for ionospheric models. In this work, a neural-network (NN)-based model is proposed which predicts relative TEC with respect to the preceding 27-day median TEC, during storm time for the European region (with longitudes 30 degrees W-50 degrees E and latitudes 32.5 degrees N-70 degrees N). The 27-day median TEC (referred to as median TEC), latitude, longitude, universal time, storm time, solar radio flux index F10.7, global storm index SYM-H and geomagnetic activity index Hp30 are used as inputs and the output of the network is the relative TEC. The relative TEC can be converted to the actual TEC knowing the median TEC. The median TEC is calculated at each grid point over the European region considering data from the last 27 days before the storm using global ionosphere maps (GIMs) from international GNSS service (IGS) sources. A storm event is defined when the storm time disturbance index Dst drops below 50 nanotesla. The model was trained with storm-time relative TEC data from the time period of 1998 until 2019 (2015 is excluded) and contains 365 storms. Unseen storm data from 33 storm events during 2015 and 2020 were used to test the model. The UQRG GIMs were used because of their high temporal resolution (15 min) compared to other products from different analysis centers. The NN-based model predictions show the seasonal behavior of the storms including positive and negative storm phases during winter and summer, respectively, and show a mixture of both phases during equinoxes. The model's performance was also compared with the Neustrelitz TEC model (NTCM) and the NN-based quiet-time TEC model, both developed at the German Aerospace Agency (DLR). The storm model has a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 3.38 TEC units (TECU), which is an improvement by 1.87 TECU compared to the NTCM, where an RMSE of 5.25 TECU was found. This improvement corresponds to a performance increase by 35.6%. The storm-time model outperforms the quiet-time model by 1.34 TECU, which corresponds to a performance increase by 28.4% from 4.72 to 3.38 TECU. The quiet-time model was trained with Carrington averaged TEC and, therefore, is ideal to be used as an input instead of the GIM derived 27-day median. We found an improvement by 0.8 TECU which corresponds to a performance increase by 17% from 4.72 to 3.92 TECU for the storm-time model using the quiet-time-model predicted TEC as an input compared to solely using the quiet-time model. KW - ionosphere KW - relative total electron content KW - geomagnetic storms KW - neural KW - networks KW - NTCM KW - European storm-time model Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236155 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 14 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adreeva, Anna T1 - Frauenfilmdramaturgie im Russischen Kaiserreich der 1910er Jahre BT - Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe JF - Apparatus N2 - Im Artikel werden von Frauen verfasste Filmdrehbücher der 1910er Jahre im Russischen Kaiserreich chronologisch untersucht. Zunächst werden die ersten Drehbuchautorinnen Makarova und Tat’jana Suchotina-Tolstaja, die am Anfang der 1910er Jahre in Koautorschaft mit den bekannten Autoren (Makarova mit den Regisseur Vladimir Gončarov; Suchotina-Tolstaja mit ihrem Vater Leo Tolstoj) arbeiteten, und ihre Filme in Betracht gezogen. Dann wird der Film Ključi sčastʹja / Schlüssel zum Glück (Vladimir Gardin, Jakov Protazanov, 1913, Russisches Kaiserreich) nach dem Roman von Anastasija Verbickaja näher behandelt. Verbickajas Film demonstrierte, dass eine Drehbuchautorin eine selbständige Autorin sein kann und diente als Impuls für die Entwicklung der Frauenfilmdramaturgie im Russischen Kaiserreich, deren Aufschwung in der zweiten Hälfte der 1910er Jahre begann, und prägte bestimmte Erwartungen von auf weiblichen Drehbüchern basierenden Filmen. Maria Kallaš, die an den Drehbüchern zu den Verfilmungen des russischen literarischen Kanons 1913 arbeitete, kritisierte Verbickajas Text als pseudofeministisch und behauptete in ihrem Essay „Ženskie kabare“ („Frauenkabarett“), dass Frauenliteratur noch „keine eigene Sprache“ habe (1916). Anna Mar begann ihre Arbeit im Kino 1914, parallel zu Verbiсkajas Nachfolgerinnen, und konzentrierte sich in ihren Filmen auf die soziale Problematik – die Stellung moderner Frauen in der Gesellschaft. Damit eröffnete Mar eine neue Entwicklungsperspektive für das weibliche Drehbuchschreiben. N2 - This article provides a chronological examination of women’s screenwriting in the 1910s in the Russian Empire. The first women screenwriters, Makarova and Tat’iana Suchotina-Tolstaia, worked in the early 1910s as co-authors with popular men writers (Makarova with the director Vladimir Goncharov and Sukhotina-Tolstaia with her father Lev Tolstoi). The film Kliuchi schast’ia / The Keys to Happiness (Vladimir Gardin, Iakov Protazanov, 1913, Russian Empire), based on Anastasiia Verbitskaia’s novel of the same title, proved that a woman screenwriter could be an independent author, influencing the development of women’s screenwriting in the Russian Empire, which took off in the second half of the 1910s, creating certain expectations for films written by women. Mariia Kallash, who worked on the screenplays for film adaptations of the Russian literary canon in 1913, criticised Verbitskaia’s text for its pseudo-feminism and claimed, in her essay “Women’s Cabaret”, that women’s literature still “did not have its own language” (1916). Anna Mar wrote for the screen in the second half of the 1910s, at the same time as Verbitskaia’s successors. In Mar’s screenplays, she focused on social problems and particularly on women’s position in modern society, suggesting a different perspective for women’s screenwriting in the Russian Empire. N2 - В настоящей статье речь пойдет о женской кинодраматургии 1910-х гг. в Российской империи. Сперва мы восстановим творческую судьбу первых сценаристок Макаровой и Татьяны Сухотиной-Толстой, которые работали в соавторстве с известными -авторами-мужчинами (Макарова – с режиссером Владимиром Гончаровым; Сухотина-Толстая – со своим отцом Львом Толстым) на рубеже 1910-х гг. Затем подробнее остановимся на фильме Ключи счастья (Владимир Гардин, Яков Протазанов, 1913, Российская империя) по одноименному роману Анастасии Вербицкой, которая считается автором сценария картины. Фильм Ключи счастья показал, что женщина может быть независимым автором, послужил толчком к развитию женской драматургии в Российской империи, подъем которой начался во второй половине 1910-х гг., и сформировал определенные ожидания от фильмов по сценариям, написанными авторами-женщинами. Мария Каллаш, автор экранизаций текстов русской литературы, раскритиковала роман Вербицкой за псевдофеминизм и в эссе «Женские кабаре» заявила, что женская литература до сих пор «не имеет своего собственного языка» (1916). Анна Мар пришла в кино в 1914 году одновременно с преемниками Вербицкой и сосредоточилась в своих фильмах на социальной проблематике, а именно – на положении современных женщин в обществе. Тем самым Мар предложила новую перспективу для развития женского киносценария. T2 - Women’s Screenwriting of the 1910s in the Russian Empire T2 - Женская кинодраматургия в Российской империи 1910-х годов KW - Anastasija Verbickaja KW - Maria Kallaš KW - Anna Mar KW - Rovdo KW - Antalek KW - Russisches K​a​iserreich KW - frühes russländisches Kino KW - Frauenfilmdramaturgie KW - Frauenliteratur KW - Feminismus KW - Drehbuch KW - Анастасия Вербицкая KW - Мария Каллаш KW - Анна Мар KW - Ровдо KW - Анталек KW - Российская империя KW - раннее российское кино KW - женская кинодраматургия KW - женская литература KW - феминизм KW - feminism KW - women’s literature KW - women’s screenwriting KW - early cinema in the Russian Empire KW - Russian Empire KW - Antalek KW - Rovdo KW - Anna Mar KW - Mariia Kallash KW - Anastasiia Verbitskaia KW - screenplays KW - scripts KW - сценарий Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17892/app.2022.00015.270 SN - 2365-7758 VL - 13 CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aga-Barfknecht, Heja A1 - Hallahan, Nicole A1 - Gottmann, Pascal A1 - Jähnert, Markus A1 - Osburg, Sophie A1 - Schulze, Gunnar A1 - Kamitz, Anne A1 - Arends, Danny A1 - Brockmann, Gudrun A1 - Schallschmidt, Tanja A1 - Lebek, Sandra A1 - Chadt, Alexandra A1 - Al-Hasani, Hadi A1 - Joost, Hans-Georg A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Vogel, Heike T1 - Identification of novel potential type 2 diabetes genes mediating beta-cell loss and hyperglycemia using positional cloning JF - Frontiers in genetics N2 - Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease regulated by an interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. To understand the genetic contribution in the development of diabetes, mice varying in their disease susceptibility were crossed with the obese and diabetes-prone New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse. Subsequent whole-genome sequence scans revealed one major quantitative trait loci (QTL),Nidd/DBAon chromosome 4, linked to elevated blood glucose and reduced plasma insulin and low levels of pancreatic insulin. Phenotypical characterization of congenic mice carrying 13.6 Mbp of the critical fragment of DBA mice displayed severe hyperglycemia and impaired glucose clearance at week 10, decreased glucose response in week 13, and loss of beta-cells and pancreatic insulin in week 16. To identify the responsible gene variant(s), further congenic mice were generated and phenotyped, which resulted in a fragment of 3.3 Mbp that was sufficient to induce hyperglycemia. By combining transcriptome analysis and haplotype mapping, the number of putative responsible variant(s) was narrowed from initial 284 to 18 genes, including gene models and non-coding RNAs. Consideration of haplotype blocks reduced the number of candidate genes to four (Kti12,Osbpl9,Ttc39a, andCalr4) as potential T2D candidates as they display a differential expression in pancreatic islets and/or sequence variation. In conclusion, the integration of comparative analysis of multiple inbred populations such as haplotype mapping, transcriptomics, and sequence data substantially improved the mapping resolution of the diabetes QTLNidd/DBA. Future studies are necessary to understand the exact role of the different candidates in beta-cell function and their contribution in maintaining glycemic control. KW - type 2 diabetes KW - beta-cell loss KW - insulin KW - positional cloning KW - transcriptomics KW - haplotype Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.567191 SN - 1664-8021 VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER -