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Waehrend der herbstlichen Schwaermpase wurden im Norden Bulgariens die Ektoparasiten von neun Fledermausarten untersucht. Die hoechsten Abundanzen erreichten Fledermausfliegen, von denen 6 verschiedene Arten determiniert wurden. In geringeren Dichten besiedelten auch Flughautmilben (6 Arten) sowie Macronyssidae und Ixodidae (jeweils eine Art) die Fledermaeuse. Die Bindung an den Wirt und die Verbreitung aller Ektoparasiten sind kurz zusammengefasst. Fuer die Berechnung der Parasitenlast wird ein neues Modell vorgeschlagen, dass unter Beruecksichtigung von Groessenrealtionen und Abundanzen vergleichbare Daten bei unterschiedlichen Befallsszenarien ermoeglicht. Parasitenkombinationen traten im Norden Bulgariens seltener auf, als erwartet. Mit den Werten der haeufigsten Fledermausarten wurde ueberprueft, ob es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Masse, Unterarmlaenge und Parasitierung gibt. In keinem Fall konnte eine sichere Korrelation zwischen diesen Faktoren ermittelt werden. Unter Verwendung eines adaptierten Body-Mass-Index (BMI) oder eines Body- Condition-Index (BCI) ergab sich ebenfalls kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Koerperkondition und der Parasitenlast. Im Verlaufe der Untersuchung kam es in einer Hoehle zu einer unerwarteten Zunahme der Abundanzen von Flughautmilben. Dieses Phaenomen koennte ein interessanter Ansatz weiterer Studien sein. Im Vergleich zu herbstlichen Untersuchungen in Deutschland waren die Fledermaeuse im Norden Bulgariens deutlich staerker parasitiert.
Nachruf
(2011)
Rhythmus im Türkendeutschen
(2011)
Neues Steuerungsmodell
(2011)
Der Beitrag untersucht bestimmte Raeume, die in Wolfgang Hilbigs Prosawerk wiederholt auftauchen und die mit einer bestimmten affektiven Ladung ausgestattet sind. Es sind dies die Kuechen, die in Hilbigs Werk einer Geschlechtsverwandlung von einem ehemals weiblichen in einen maennlichen Arbeitsraum unterzogen werden. Auch werden idyllische Waldsiedlungen in Hilbigs Geschichten zu Staetten, die vom Judenmord durchzogen werden. Generall kann verallgemeinert werden, dass Hilbigs Raeume Transformationen unterliegen, die Verwandlungen bewirken.
Der Beitrag untersucht Kleists Dramentexte vor allem im Hinblick auf den "Skandal" des Koerpers und versucht dafuer eine Erklaerung zu finden. Diese besteht zunaechst im Herausfall aus dem Paradigma des aesthetischem Koerpers als einem schoenen Koerper. Zum zweiten aber auch darin, das Kleist mit seinen literarischen Mitteln eine drastische Performation des Koerpers fuer das Buehnenstueck vornahm ohne dafuer eine theatralische Praxis zu haben. Der Einsatz des Koerpers als ein Zeichen im Buehnenspiel ist daher strategisch vom Autor Kleist zu einer Aussage performiert worden, die neben den Aussagen des sprachlichen Textes eine weitere koerpersprachliche Textur konstruiert.
Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine Zusammenstellung der bisher bekannten Ektoparasitenarten europaeischer Fledermausarten. Auf der Basis eigener Untersuchungen in Deutschland erfolgt eine Analyse der Abundanz der Parasiten. Fuer jede Wirtsart wird das Artenspektrum der haeufig vorkommenden Ektoparasiten angegeben und die Spezifitaet der Wirt- Parasit-Beziehung diskutiert. Teil 1 behandelt die Ektoparasiten der Mopsfledermaus (Barbastella barbastellus), der Nordfledermaus (Eptesicus nilssonii), der Breitfluegelfledermaus (Eptesicus serotinus), der Bechsteinfledermaus (Myotis bechsteinii),der Grossen Bartfledermaus (Myotis brandtii), der Teichfledermaus (Myotis dasycneme) und der Wasserfledermaus (Myotis daubentonii).
Vorwort
(2011)
Organisationsstrukturen und ihr Einfluss auf die Karriereentwicklung von Wissenschaftlerinnen
(2011)
Wie geht es weiter
(2011)
Vorwort
(2011)
Raum und Gefühl
(2011)
Black Barbie & Co. Migrations- und Rassismuserfahrungen in Songtexten französischer Rapperinnen
(2011)
Fearful patients are in emergency situation often inattentive, unable to concentrate, agitated or even aroused. They show reduced perception and restricted willingness to cooperate. In severe conditions these patients are strongly tending towards more hazardous behavior: refusal of necessary therapy, break out or even high suicidal risk. Within disaster situations (mass accidents, fires) fearful patients with their agitated and persuasive behavior can influence other victims and with that trigger a situation of mass panic that has to be avoided at any cost. Therefore these patients must be swiftly identified and separated from the event. A diligent diagnosis process including physical-neurological examination is necessary. The recommended treatment within the emergency situation consists of a close continuous personal contact through assuring and encouraging conversations. A sense of security should be created by explaining the planned therapeutic interventions in simple, easy-to-follow and understandable words. If this necessary psycho-therapeutic intervention can not be applied a short-term psychopharmacological treatment is required preferably with Benzodiazepines. Still a long-term specific therapy is highly advised, since these disturbances, if left untreated, will lead to a chronic manifestation and with that to considerable psychosocial impairments.
The provision of outpatient services will be confronted by increased market concentration. Under these circumstances, individual medical practices are predicted to have a minimal chance for survival since by nature the specialized physician can only accommodate the considerably heterogeneous needs of the patients up to justifiable limits. Due to patients’ higher rate of mobility in the elective process, specialty physicians in rural areas are obliged to transform their practices into professional service enterprises. While hospitals are attempting to combat a continuing economization of the health care sector, in part by applying aggressive leadership and management methods, an increasing polarization can be noted in the outpatient setting. Also in the field of urology, patients consider themselves medical treatment clients who are unwilling to be relegated to cases of the often criticized"5-minute medicine.".
Prosody plays an important role in early language acquisition that in most children proceeds rapidly and easily. From birth on infants are able to perceive prosodic information in the speech signal. During the course of the first year of life prosodic perception abilities continue to develop. Cross-linguistic studies have shown that this development is already influenced by the native language. As prosodic and syntactic units occur often in correlation, prosodic cues in the continuous speech signal might help infants to derive information on how to segment their native language into syntactically relevant units. Indeed, infants use their prosodic perception and are able to detect word, phrase and clause boundaries using prosodic cues from the speech signal. Thus, during the first year of life when perceiving speech the processing of prosodic cues is focussed and allows for an efficient access to language acquisition. Future studies need to determine whether early prosodic perception abilities can provide markers for later language development and predict language impairment.
The late mediaeval prose epic Loher und Muller constantly challenges a naive interpretation of what constitutes justice by confronting it over and over again with extreme cases. Generally speaking, 'poetic justice' succeeds in establishing coherence and propel the narrative forward. The constituents of societal norms and of laws are nevertheless relentlessly questioned - to such an extent that the narrative inquiry occasionally departs from the common understanding of justice. With its focus on morality, especially the presence or absence of faith, Loher und Muller is primarily concerned with the potential for conflict inherent in medieval constructions of legality and justice. In doing so, the epic opens up a narrative playground unencumbered by legal constraints as - after all - literature need not comply with medieval jurisdiction and its claims to the validity and scope of its writings. It is literature's privilege to facilitate unfamiliar ways of looking. The playful - but by no means inconsequential - casuistry played out in Loher und Maller gives rise to a 'probable' world tangential to historical reality and its understanding of justice and the law.
For the eschatology of socialism. Hendrik de Man's contribution to the concept of "secular Religion"
(2011)
According to the results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) published in 2009, only 5% to 8% of the 15-17-year-old adolescents reach the current recommendations on health-enhancing physical activity This result (besides others in the survey) rests on data measured with the 25-item physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents (MoMo-AFB). The present study compares two different methods of assessing physical activity with the purpose of testing the validity of the MoMo-AFB self-report. First, we measured the physical activity status of 73 15 to 18-year-old pupils (32 boys and 41 girls) over seven days via objective accelerometry (ActiGraph GT1M), then the pupils completed the MoMo-AFB for the same (previous) period. Results show that using the MoMo-AFB leads to higher levels of self-reported physical activity than measuring it with accelerometers. Furthermore, only the MoMo-AFB subscale MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), that uses two single items to decide whether the health-enhancing physical activity recommendation is reached or failed, corresponds statistically significantly with the accelerometry data. For all other subscales (e.g. school- or leisure time activity), we found no agreement. Further research, first of all on the measurement quality of the MoMo-AFB but also on the physical (in)activity status of children and adolescents, is needed.
The article compares the postdemocracy with the postsocialism. At first the paper analyzes the debate of the postdemocracy and points out an analytical model of postdemocracy. Afterwards the paper searches for symptoms of the postdemocracy within the case of Russia which appears as one possible ideal type of postsocialism. The comparison shows that both post-phenomenons are two sides of one global process of transformation. However, the case of postsocialism acts as a trendsetter. The postsocialist Russia sets an example for the possible developments of the postdemocracy.
Past research indicates an association in adults and young people of emotional and contextual factors with a higher risk for the development of eating disorders or obesity. Few studies focus on problematic eating patterns in childhood, especially in association with parental feeding strategies. 482 mothers completed a questionnaire about eating behaviors and the weight status of their 1- to 10-year-old child as well as their own feeding strategies. A classification of the child's eating behavior (food responsiveness, emotional eating, external eating, eating time and meal structure) using hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a conspicuous eating pattern (10 %) showing above-average values in all eating behaviors. Controlling for weight and demographic variables mothers of children with conspicuous eating patterns were characterized by restrictive strategies and were less likely to encourage or facilitate their child to control his or her eating. Similar problematic eating patterns were also identified in early childhood. The association of maternal feeding strategies - beyond weight control issues - with conspicuous eating patterns in children might indicate a possibility of early prevention through parent training.
As part of the POPS study (Potsdam prevention of eating disorders) 300 adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years completed questionnaires measuring satisfaction with weight and muscles, body change strategies and disturbed eating behavior. More than half of the girls and a third of the boys are dissatisfied with their weight. Nearly 70% of the male participants were unhappy with their muscles. Both forms of body dissatisfaction are influenced by similar sociocultural and psychological factors. While weight dissatisfaction leads to weight reduction strategies and disturbed eating, muscle dissatisfaction results in muscle enhancement methods. Potential harmful consequences of excessive muscle building techniques are discussed. The data emphasize the need for a sex-specific investigation of body dissatisfaction and its consequences. Body image aspects relevant to boys should be added to intervention and prevention approaches.
The present study investigates diagnostic skills of German teachers in estimating basic reading capacities of sixth graders and the way they relate to achievement heterogeneity of the judged student group and to students' language background.
The data were obtained from a sample of 39 German teachers and their classes in the context of the Berlin Longitudinal Reading Study. Judgements on different levels were analysed (achievement of sixth graders in general and of individual students). Diagnostic skills were investigated using different indicators: the personal judgement error and tendency and the accuracy in identifying achievement differences between individual students (rank component). The accuracy in estimating reading capacities of students with and without a different language background was investigated by means of achievement level matched pairs.
The outcomes indicated, among others, an overestimation of students' general achievement level and on average an acceptable accuracy in identifying achievement differences between individual students. They showed equal difficulties in judging performances of students with and without a different language background.
The present study examines whether the use of different frequency scales in questionnaires about physical activity influences respondents' own estimation of their activity, as well as subsequent measurements of health- und sport-related cognitions and evaluations. Using a randomized research design we recruited a sample of 118 participants. One group received a high frequency scale for assessing their exercise frequency with the response categories "never", "less often", "once a month", "once a week", or "most days." The other group answered with a medium frequency scale with the alternatives "never", "less often", " once every few months", "once a month", and " once a week or more often." As dependent variables all participants judged the subjective importance of physical activity and their health-related quality of life (WHO-QOL-bref). Results indicate the expected response errors, owing to the fact that using a high-frequency scale produces higher levels of self-reported physical activity (Cramer's V = .30). Corresponding to this the subjective importance of physical activity increased (d = .37) and the health-related quality of life was judged to be better (d = .36). Such artefacts might be eliminated by using standardized formulations such as "I exercise... times per week/month for... minutes."
Spielberger's (1972) Trait-State-Anxiety theory distinguishes between anxiety as a trait (A-trait) - involving a stable characteristic of a person to react with anxiety in response to varying situations and anxiety as a state (A-state), a situation-dependent reaction to a stimulus perceived as threatening. Using a general instead of a sport-specific measure, a previous study provided only mixed support for core predictions of the theory as related to sports (Schwenkmezger, 1985). With the aid of enhanced instruments and statistical methods, we tested these predictions again. The multidimensional and competition-specific assessment of anxiety results in support for the assumption of a stable A-trait and a fluctuating A-state, whereby the A-trait not only predicts the intensity of A-states but also the A-state variability. The repeated assessment of A-states prior to two competitions reveals a rather low relative consistency (i.e., interindividual differences across measurements were only moderately stable). Especially this latter finding suggests that, in order to gain a full understanding of the experience of competitive anxiety in athletes, sport psychologists should not only assess competitive A-traits, but also repeatedly measure competitive A-states.
Mindfulness and acceptance describe the skills necessary to experience emotions and thoughts (e.g., performance-interfering cognitions) consciously and without judging them. This article introduces the mindfulness and acceptance approach and its potential in the context of competitive sports. Definitions as well as research results related to mechanisms of action and differential psychological aspects are given and the efficacy of the approach in the field of clinical psychology is reviewed. The rationale and implementation of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach, an approach adapted for performance enhancement, is illustrated. Finally, evidence from psychotherapy research is presented, and a recommendation for the use of mindfulness and acceptance in the context of competitive sports is given.
Using 2184 roll call votes (RCV) from 42 electoral terms this paper tests the influence of different factors on party unity in the German Landtage. It finds evidence that the strategic calculus behind RCV-requests is a crucial predictor for unity scores. The requesting party group is on average significantly more united than its parliamentary competitors. It also shows that government status, thin governmental majorities and a growing ideological distance between government and opposition increase unity. Electoral incentives, however, do not seem to influence voting behavior in the German Lander.
Quality management of sport psychology care in competitive sports - (no) effect without acceptance?!
(2011)
In the past decade quality management (QM) has grown to be one of the most important topics in the area of applied sport psychology. There we discuss structures, processes, and results concerning QM, considering the QM model of the European Foundation of Quality Management (EFQM). In terms of results, quality can be defined in three areas: the coaching process itself (e. g., satisfaction and well-being of coach and client), psychological skills (e. g., efficacy of techniques used by the client), and health, personality, as well as sport performance (e. g., client's motor behavior in training and competition). Measures and processes to improve and ensure quality in these three areas are discussed as being dependent on four types of determinants: associated institutions, sport psychologists (i.e., individual competence and valence of tasks), coaching character, and socio-economic factors. As key processes of QM in this complex structure, both orientation to stakeholders and communication about quality and QM measures are identified.
Das Reckahner Besucherbuch
(2011)
Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass es sich bei der averroischen Bearbeitung der aristotelischen ‚Poetik‘ um eine in sich konsistente Theorie der Dichtung handelt, die allerdings mit der aristotelischen Konzeption der Dichtung nur wenig zu tun hat. Ausgehend von der Übersetzung von ‚Tragödie‘ und ‚Komödie‘ mit ‚Lob‘ und ‚Tadel‘ entwickelt Averroes einen Begriff von Dichtung als moralphilosophisches Argument zum Lob der Tugend und zum Tadel des Lasters. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Interpretation des aristotelischen Begriffs der mimesis als similitudo, das heißt als Gleichnis. Als gleichnishaftes Argument ist Dichtung nur graduell von anderen argumentativen Formen wie der demonstrativen Logik und der Rhetorik unterschieden.
Der Aufsatz umreißt die Wirkung von Averroes’ Bearbeitung der aristotelischen ‚Poetik‘ als argumentativer Disziplin. Beginnend mit Al-Farabi und Al-Gazali im zehnten Jahrhundert wird die ‚Poetik‘ den logischen Disziplinen des ‚Organon‘ zugerechnet. Während die Theorie eines ‚poetischen Syllogismus‘ nicht rezipiert worden ist, wurde der argumentative Status der Dichtung vom zwölften Jahrhundert an auch im lateinischen Westen bekannt. Mit unterschiedlichen Begründungen übernahmen Dominicus Gundissalinus, Vincenz von Beauvais, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon und Thomas von Aquin die Klassifizierung der Poetik als argumentative Disziplin. Am Ende des Aufsatzes steht ein Ausblick auf Coluccio Salutatis ‚De laboribus Herculis‘ und die humanistische Rezeption dieser Tradition.
The link between pornography use, normative acceptance of sexual aggression, and the presence of risk factors of sexual aggression in sexual scripts for consensual sexual interactions was studied in a sample of 197 adolescents in Germany. Risk factors included sex after only a short acquaintanceship, alcohol and drug use in sexual interactions, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions. In addition to a measure of overall pornography use, exposure to portrayals of consensual sex, coerced sex and degrading sex was measured. Almost all participants had seen pornografic material at least once, just under half had seen depictions of coerced sex. Significant correlations were found between all measures of pornography use and the presence of risk factors of sexual aggression in consensual sexual scripts. Violent pornography usage showed a positive correlation with the normative acceptance of sexual aggression that was partly accounted for by sexual scripts. The findings are discussed with regard to the significance of pornografic media contents in the process of adolescents' sexual socialization.