Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (27) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2020 (27) (remove)
Document Type
- Postprint (26)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Language
- English (27)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (27)
Keywords
- football (2)
- language acquisition (2)
- rate of perceived exertion (2)
- rolling averages (2)
- training load (2)
- weighted moving averages (2)
- Broca’s aphasia (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Children (1)
- Clinical psychology (1)
- EKP (1)
- ERP (1)
- ERPs (1)
- Education (1)
- Eyetracking (1)
- Football (1)
- Frailty (1)
- Geriatric rehabilitation (1)
- Iambic/Trochaic Law (1)
- Mechanotendography (1)
- Outcome measures (1)
- Partikelverben (1)
- Performance (1)
- Preaktivierung (1)
- Predictors (1)
- Psychotherapeutic competencies (1)
- Psychotherapy research (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Repeated sprint (1)
- Role-playing (1)
- SNARC (1)
- Satzverarbeitung (1)
- Self-stigmatization (1)
- Simulated patients (1)
- Speed (1)
- Standardized patients (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Swimming performance (1)
- TAVI (1)
- Treatment pathways (1)
- Vorhersagen (1)
- Weight (1)
- Weight bias internalization (1)
- Young swimmers (1)
- acute chronic workload ratio (1)
- adjectives (1)
- aging (1)
- antonymy (1)
- biological maturation (1)
- bone mineral density (1)
- bone pathologies (1)
- broadband and narrowband dimensions of behavior (1)
- carryover effects (1)
- childhood (1)
- coarticulation (1)
- common ground (1)
- concurrent training (1)
- confidence (1)
- conversational implicature (1)
- derivation (1)
- developmental dyslexia (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- emotion (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- exercise (1)
- external training load (1)
- eye tracking (1)
- eye-tracking (1)
- force (1)
- gestural organization (1)
- hemispheric asymmetry (1)
- hormones (1)
- human-robot interaction (1)
- impact on pre-activated Achilles tendon (1)
- inclusive education (1)
- injury (1)
- injury risk (1)
- internalizing behavior (1)
- maturity (1)
- mechanical tendinous oscillations (1)
- mental number line (MNL) (1)
- methodology (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morphological decomposition (1)
- morphological errors (1)
- musicality (1)
- negation (1)
- neuroendocrine (1)
- newborns (1)
- oarsmen (1)
- on-water performance (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- overreaching (1)
- overtraining (1)
- paralinguistic features (1)
- particle verbs (1)
- performance (1)
- perspective-taking (1)
- physical performance (1)
- physiology (1)
- plyometric training (1)
- politeness (1)
- postural sway (1)
- preactivation (1)
- prediction (1)
- prefixes (1)
- privileged ground (1)
- psychosocial stress (1)
- race time (1)
- recognition (1)
- recollection (1)
- recovery (1)
- reliability (1)
- rhythm perception (1)
- rhythmic grouping (1)
- salivary alpha-amylase (1)
- selbstbestimmtes Lesen (1)
- self-paced reading (1)
- sentence processing (1)
- social inclusion (1)
- social meaning (1)
- sociometric neglect (1)
- sociometric status (1)
- spatial frequency (SF) (1)
- spatial-numerical associations (1)
- special educational needs (1)
- speech kinematics (1)
- speech motor control (1)
- speech perception (1)
- synthesized voice (1)
- talent (1)
- tasks (1)
- temporal frequency (1)
- text-to-speech (1)
- training (1)
- transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- ultrasound imaging (1)
- uncanny valley (1)
- validity (1)
- variability (1)
- vowels (1)
- words (1)
Institute
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (27) (remove)
The Human Takes It All
(2020)
Background: The increasing involvement of social robots in human lives raises the question as to how humans perceive social robots. Little is known about human perception of synthesized voices.
Aim: To investigate which synthesized voice parameters predict the speaker's eeriness and voice likability; to determine if individual listener characteristics (e.g., personality, attitude toward robots, age) influence synthesized voice evaluations; and to explore which paralinguistic features subjectively distinguish humans from robots/artificial agents.
Methods: 95 adults (62 females) listened to randomly presented audio-clips of three categories: synthesized (Watson, IBM), humanoid (robot Sophia, Hanson Robotics), and human voices (five clips/category). Voices were rated on intelligibility, prosody, trustworthiness, confidence, enthusiasm, pleasantness, human-likeness, likability, and naturalness. Speakers were rated on appeal, credibility, human-likeness, and eeriness. Participants' personality traits, attitudes to robots, and demographics were obtained.
Results: The human voice and human speaker characteristics received reliably higher scores on all dimensions except for eeriness. Synthesized voice ratings were positively related to participants' agreeableness and neuroticism. Females rated synthesized voices more positively on most dimensions. Surprisingly, interest in social robots and attitudes toward robots played almost no role in voice evaluation. Contrary to the expectations of an uncanny valley, when the ratings of human-likeness for both the voice and the speaker characteristics were higher, they seemed less eerie to the participants. Moreover, when the speaker's voice was more humanlike, it was more liked by the participants. This latter point was only applicable to one of the synthesized voices. Finally, pleasantness and trustworthiness of the synthesized voice predicted the likability of the speaker's voice. Qualitative content analysis identified intonation, sound, emotion, and imageability/embodiment as diagnostic features.
Discussion: Humans clearly prefer human voices, but manipulating diagnostic speech features might increase acceptance of synthesized voices and thereby support human-robot interaction. There is limited evidence that human-likeness of a voice is negatively linked to the perceived eeriness of the speaker.
Background
Weight-related stigmatization is a widespread problem. Particularly the internalization of weight-related stereotypes and prejudices (weight bias internalization, WBI) is related to mental and physical health impairments. To date, little is known about the risk factors of WBI. Previous studies are mainly cross-sectional and based on adult samples. As childhood is a sensitive period for the development of a healthy self-concept, we examined predictors of WBI in children.
Methods
The final sample included 1,463 schoolchildren (6–11 years, 51.7% female) who took part in a prospective study consisting of three measurement waves. The first two waves delivered data on objective weight status and self-reported weight-related teasing, body dissatisfaction, relevance of one’s own figure, self-esteem and depressive symptoms; WBI was measured during the third wave. To examine predictors of WBI, we ran hierarchical regression analyses and exploratory mediation analyses.
Results
Lower parental education level, higher child weight status, female gender, experience of teasing, higher body dissatisfaction, higher figure-relevance, and higher depression scores were found to be predictive for higher WBI scores. Body dissatisfaction (only for girls) and the relevance of one’s own figure (both genders) mediated the association between self-esteem and WBI; no weight-related differences were observed.
Conclusions
Our study offers longitudinal evidence for variables that enable the identification of children who are at risk for WBI. Thus, the findings deliver starting points for interventions aimed at the prevention of adverse health developments that come along with WBI.
Bone pathology is frequent in stressed individuals. A comprehensive examination of mechanisms linking life stress, depression and disturbed bone homeostasis is missing. In this translational study, mice exposed to early life stress (MSUS) were examined for bone microarchitecture (μCT), metabolism (qPCR/ELISA), and neuronal stress mediator expression (qPCR) and compared with a sample of depressive patients with or without early life stress by analyzing bone mineral density (BMD) (DXA) and metabolic changes in serum (osteocalcin, PINP, CTX-I). MSUS mice showed a significant decrease in NGF, NPYR1, VIPR1 and TACR1 expression, higher innervation density in bone, and increased serum levels of CTX-I, suggesting a milieu in favor of catabolic bone turnover. MSUS mice had a significantly lower body weight compared to control mice, and this caused minor effects on bone microarchitecture. Depressive patients with experiences of childhood neglect also showed a catabolic pattern. A significant reduction in BMD was observed in depressive patients with childhood abuse and stressful life events during childhood. Therefore, future studies on prevention and treatment strategies for both mental and bone disease should consider early life stress as a risk factor for bone pathologies.
Previous clinical research found that invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhanced word recognition memory in epileptic patients, an effect assumed to be related to the activation of brainstem arousal systems. In this study, we applied non-invasive transcutaneous auricular VNS (tVNS) to replicate and extend the previous work. Using a single-blind, randomized, between-subject design, 60 healthy volunteers received active or sham stimulation during a lexical decision task, in which emotional and neutral stimuli were classified as words or non-words. In a subsequent recognition memory task (1 day after stimulation), participants' memory performance on these words and their subjective memory confidence were tested. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels, a putative indirect measure of central noradrenergic activation, were also measured before and after stimulation. During encoding, pleasant words were more accurately detected than neutral and unpleasant words. However, no tVNS effects were observed on task performance or on overall sAA level changes. tVNS also did not modulate overall recognition memory, which was particularly enhanced for pleasant emotional words. However, when hit rates were split based on confidence ratings reflecting familiarity- and recollection-based memory, higher recollection-based memory performance (irrespective of emotional category) was observed during active stimulation than during sham stimulation. To summarize, we replicated prior findings of enhanced processing and memory for emotional (pleasant) words. Whereas tVNS showed no effects on word processing, subtle effects on recollection-based memory performance emerged, which may indicate that tVNS facilitates hippocampus-mediated consolidation processes.