- Solar cells made from inorganic organic perovskites have gradually approached market requirements as their efficiency and stability have improved tremendously in recent years. Planar low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells are advantageous for possible large-scale production but are more prone to exhibiting photocurrent hysteresis, especially in the regular n-i-p structure. Here, a systematic characterization of different electron selective contacts with a variety of chemical and electrical properties in planar n-i-p devices processed below 180 degrees C is presented. The inorganic metal oxides TiO2 and SnO2, the organic fullerene derivatives C-60, PCBM, and ICMA, as well as double-layers with a metal oxide/PCBM structure are used as electron transport materials (ETMs). Perovskite layers deposited atop, the different ETMs with the herein applied fabrication method show a similar morphology according to scanning electron microscopy. Further, surface photovoltage spectroscopy measurements indicate comparable perovskite absorberSolar cells made from inorganic organic perovskites have gradually approached market requirements as their efficiency and stability have improved tremendously in recent years. Planar low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells are advantageous for possible large-scale production but are more prone to exhibiting photocurrent hysteresis, especially in the regular n-i-p structure. Here, a systematic characterization of different electron selective contacts with a variety of chemical and electrical properties in planar n-i-p devices processed below 180 degrees C is presented. The inorganic metal oxides TiO2 and SnO2, the organic fullerene derivatives C-60, PCBM, and ICMA, as well as double-layers with a metal oxide/PCBM structure are used as electron transport materials (ETMs). Perovskite layers deposited atop, the different ETMs with the herein applied fabrication method show a similar morphology according to scanning electron microscopy. Further, surface photovoltage spectroscopy measurements indicate comparable perovskite absorber qualities on all ETMs, except TiO2, which shows a more prominent influence of defect states. Transient photoluminescence studies together with current voltage scans over a broad range of scan speeds reveal faster charge extraction, less pronounced hysteresis effects, and higher efficiencies for devices with fullerene compared to those with metal oxide ETMs. Beyond this, only double-layer ETM structures substantially diminish hysteresis effects for all performed scan speeds and strongly enhance the power conversion efficiency up to a champion stabilized value of 18.0%. The results indicate reduced recombination losses for a double-layer TiO2/PCBM contact design: First, a reduction of shunt paths through the fullerene to the ITO layer. Second, an improved hole blocking by the wide band gap metal oxide. Third, decreased transport losses due to an energetically more favorable contact, as implied by photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The herein demonstrated improvements of multilayer selective contacts may serve as a general design guideline for perovskite solar cells.…
MetadatenAuthor details: | Lukas Kegelmann, Christian Michael WolffORCiDGND, Celline Awino, Felix Lang, Eva L. Unger, Lars Korte, Thomas Dittrich, Dieter NeherORCiDGND, Bernd Rech, Steve AlbrechtORCiDGND |
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DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b00900 |
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ISSN: | 1944-8244 |
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Pubmed ID: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28436227 |
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Title of parent work (English): | ACS applied materials & interfaces |
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Publisher: | American Chemical Society |
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Place of publishing: | Washington |
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Publication type: | Article |
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Language: | English |
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Year of first publication: | 2017 |
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Publication year: | 2017 |
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Release date: | 2020/04/20 |
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Tag: | double-layer; electron contact; fullerene; hysteresis; metal oxide; perovskite solar cell; regular planar architecture |
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Volume: | 9 |
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Number of pages: | 11 |
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First page: | 17246 |
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Last Page: | 17256 |
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Funding institution: | Bavarian Ministry for Economics, Media, Energy and Technology through the joint project Hi ERN; BMBF within the project "Materialforschung fur die Energiewende" [03SF0540]; HyPerCell (Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells) joint Graduate School; German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) through the "PersiST" project [0324037C] |
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Organizational units: | Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Physik und Astronomie |
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Peer review: | Referiert |
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