- The increasing development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been a major problem for years, both in human and veterinary medicine. Prophylactic measures, such as the use of vaccines, are of great importance in reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock. These vaccines are mainly produced based on formaldehyde inactivation. However, the latter damages the recognition elements of the bacterial proteins and thus could reduce the immune response in the animal. An alternative inactivation method developed in this work is based on gentle photodynamic inactivation using carbon nanodots (CNDs) at excitation wavelengths λex > 290 nm. The photodynamic inactivation was characterized on the nonvirulent laboratory strain Escherichia coli K12 using synthesized CNDs. For a gentle inactivation, the CNDs must be absorbed into the cytoplasm of the E. coli cell. Thus, the inactivation through photoinduced formation of reactive oxygen species only takes place inside the bacterium, which means that the outer membrane is neither damaged norThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been a major problem for years, both in human and veterinary medicine. Prophylactic measures, such as the use of vaccines, are of great importance in reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock. These vaccines are mainly produced based on formaldehyde inactivation. However, the latter damages the recognition elements of the bacterial proteins and thus could reduce the immune response in the animal. An alternative inactivation method developed in this work is based on gentle photodynamic inactivation using carbon nanodots (CNDs) at excitation wavelengths λex > 290 nm. The photodynamic inactivation was characterized on the nonvirulent laboratory strain Escherichia coli K12 using synthesized CNDs. For a gentle inactivation, the CNDs must be absorbed into the cytoplasm of the E. coli cell. Thus, the inactivation through photoinduced formation of reactive oxygen species only takes place inside the bacterium, which means that the outer membrane is neither damaged nor altered. The loading of the CNDs into E. coli was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Complete loading of the bacterial cells could be achieved in less than 10 min. These studies revealed a reversible uptake process allowing the recovery and reuse of the CNDs after irradiation and before the administration of the vaccine. The success of photodynamic inactivation was verified by viability assays on agar. In a homemade flow photoreactor, the fastest successful irradiation of the bacteria could be carried out in 34 s. Therefore, the photodynamic inactivation based on CNDs is very effective. The membrane integrity of the bacteria after irradiation was verified by slide agglutination and atomic force microscopy. The method developed for the laboratory strain E. coli K12 could then be successfully applied to the important avian pathogens Bordetella avium and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale to aid the development of novel vaccines.…
MetadatenAuthor details: | Martin ZühlkeORCiDGND, Till Thomas MeilingORCiDGND, Phillip RoderORCiDGND, Daniel RiebeORCiDGND, Toralf BeitzORCiD, Ilko BaldORCiDGND, Hans-Gerd LöhmannsröbenORCiDGND, Traute Janßen, Marcel Erhard, Alexander Repp |
---|
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c01700 |
---|
ISSN: | 2470-1343 |
---|
Pubmed ID: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34568654 |
---|
Title of parent work (English): | ACS omega / American Chemical Society |
---|
Publisher: | ACS Publications |
---|
Place of publishing: | Washington, DC |
---|
Publication type: | Article |
---|
Language: | English |
---|
Date of first publication: | 2021/09/10 |
---|
Publication year: | 2021 |
---|
Release date: | 2022/02/22 |
---|
Tag: | Bacteria; Fluorescence; Genetics; Irradiation; Photodynamics |
---|
Volume: | 6 |
---|
Issue: | 37 |
---|
Number of pages: | 8 |
---|
First page: | 23742 |
---|
Last Page: | 23749 |
---|
Funding institution: | German Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture (BMEL) |
---|
Funding institution: | Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG) |
---|
Funding institution: | Open Access Publishing Fund of University of Potsdam |
---|
Funding number: | 2817600712 |
---|
Organizational units: | Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Chemie |
---|
| Extern / Extern |
---|
DDC classification: | 5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 54 Chemie / 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften |
---|
| 6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 66 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik / 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik |
---|
Peer review: | Referiert |
---|
Grantor: | Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam |
---|
Publishing method: | Open Access / Gold Open-Access |
---|
License (German): | CC-BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung, nicht kommerziell, keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International |
---|
External remark: | Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 1220 |
---|