Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
ISSN (online) 1867-5808
URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-series-438
Herausgegeben von der Universität Potsdam
URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-series-438
Herausgegeben von der Universität Potsdam
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173
In nowadays production, fluctuations in demand, shortening product life-cycles, and highly configurable products require an adaptive and robust control approach to maintain competitiveness. This approach must not only optimise desired production objectives but also cope with unforeseen machine failures, rush orders, and changes in short-term demand. Previous control approaches were often implemented using a single operations layer and a standalone deep learning approach, which may not adequately address the complex organisational demands of modern manufacturing systems. To address this challenge, we propose a hyper-heuristics control model within a semi-heterarchical production system, in which multiple manufacturing and distribution agents are spread across pre-defined modules. The agents employ a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to learn a policy for selecting low-level heuristics in a situation-specific manner, thereby leveraging system performance and adaptability. We tested our approach in simulation and transferred it to a hybrid production environment. By that, we were able to demonstrate its multi-objective optimisation capabilities compared to conventional approaches in terms of mean throughput time, tardiness, and processing of prioritised orders in a multi-layered production system. The modular design is promising in reducing the overall system complexity and facilitates a quick and seamless integration into other scenarios.
157
A multidimensional and analytical perspective on Open Educational Practices in the 21st century
(2022)
Participatory approaches to teaching and learning are experiencing a new lease on life in the 21st century as a result of the rapid technology development. Knowledge, practices, and tools can be shared across spatial and temporal boundaries in higher education by means of Open Educational Resources, Massive Open Online Courses, and open-source technologies. In this context, the Open Education Movement calls for new didactic approaches that encourage greater learner participation in formal higher education. Based on a representative literature review and focus group research, in this study an analytical framework was developed that enables researchers and practitioners to assess the form of participation in formal, collaborative teaching and learning practices. The analytical framework is focused on the micro-level of higher education, in particular on the interaction between students and lecturers when organizing the curriculum. For this purpose, the research reflects anew on the concept of participation, taking into account existing stage models for participation in the educational context. These are then brought together with the dimensions of teaching and learning processes, such as methods, objectives and content, etc. This paper aims to make a valuable contribution to the opening up of learning and teaching, and expands the discourse around possibilities for interpreting Open Educational Practices.
82
One of the most striking features of recent public sector reform in Europe is privatization. This development raises questions of accountability: By whom and for what are managers of private for-profit organizations delivering public goods held accountable? Analyzing accountability mechanisms through the lens of an institutional organizational approach and on the empirical basis of hospital privatization in Germany, the article contributes to the empirical and theoretical understanding of public accountability of private actors. The analysis suggests that accountability is not declining but rather multiplying. The shifts in the locus and content of accountability cause organizational stress for private hospitals.
83
Accountability can be conceptualized as institutionalized mechanisms obliging actors to explain their conduct to different forums, which can pose questions and impose sanctions. This article analyses different crises' in immigration policies in Norway, Denmark and Germany along a descriptive framework of five different accountability types: political, administrative, legal, professional and social accountability. The exchanges of information, debate and their consequences between an actor and a forum are crucial to understanding how political-administrative action is carried out in critical situations. First, accountability dynamics emphasize conventional norms and values regarding policy change and, second, formal political responsibility does not necessarily lead to political consequences such as minister resignations in cases of misbehaviour. Consequences strongly depend on how accountability dynamics take place.
153
Background
Wearables, as small portable computer systems worn on the body, can track user fitness and health data, which can be used to customize health insurance contributions individually. In particular, insured individuals with a healthy lifestyle can receive a reduction of their contributions to be paid. However, this potential is hardly used in practice.
Objective
This study aims to identify which barrier factors impede the usage of wearables for assessing individual risk scores for health insurances, despite its technological feasibility, and to rank these barriers according to their relevance.
Methods
To reach these goals, we conduct a ranking-type Delphi study with the following three stages. First, we collected possible barrier factors from a panel of 16 experts and consolidated them to a list of 11 barrier categories. Second, the panel was asked to rank them regarding their relevance. Third, to enhance the panel consensus, the ranking was revealed to the experts, who were then asked to re-rank the barriers.
Results
The results suggest that regulation is the most important barrier. Other relevant barriers are false or inaccurate measurements and application errors caused by the users. Additionally, insurers could lack the required technological competence to use the wearable data appropriately.
Conclusion
A wider use of wearables and health apps could be achieved through regulatory modifications, especially regarding privacy issues. Even after assuring stricter regulations, users’ privacy concerns could partly remain, if the data exchange between wearables manufacturers, health app providers, and health insurers does not become more transparent.
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51
Inhalt: I. Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Beziehungen als Forschungsobjekt der Betriebswirtschaftslehre II. Beziehungsebenen und unternehmenspolitische Einordnung 1. Aktoren auf unterschiedlichen Beziehungsebenen 2. Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Beziehungen und das Politik-System der Unternehmung III. Struktureinflüsse 1. Unternehmensgröße 2. Organisationsstruktur a) Verrichtungsbezogene Organisationsmodelle b) Objektbezogene Organisationsmodelle c) Mehrdimensionale Organisationsmodelle IV. Kultureinflüsse 1. Bezugsebenen des Kultureinflusses 2. Aktorenspezifische Beziehungsmuster a) Führungskräfte (Leitende Angestellte) b) Betriebsräte c) Arbeitgeber(-vertreter): das Personalressort d) Gewerkschafter e) Anteilseigner V. Entwicklungstendenzen und konzeptionelle Konsequenzen: Management der humanen Ressourcen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Konsensus- und Konfliktmanagement
paper 053
Inhalt I. Das Mitbestimmungsgesetz von 1976 II . Der Aufsichtsrat als Aktionsfeld der Arbeitnehmer-Arbeitgeber-Beziehungen 1. Die Kompetenzstruktur des Aufsichtsrates nach dem MitbestG von 1976 2. Zur Bedeutung von Aufsichtsratsausschüssen im Kompetenzgefüge des Aufsichtsrates III. Die Akteure im Bereich der Unternehmungsverfassung 1. Arbeitnehmervertreter im Aufsichtsrat 2. Anteilseignervertreter im Aufsichtsrat 3. Personenbezogene Aspekte der Pattauflösung im Aufsichtsrat: Das Zweitstimmrechtund seine Bedeutung für die Arbeitsbeziehungen auf Unternehmensebene 4. Die Rolle der Vorstandsmitglieder im Aufsichtsrat