570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (157) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2021 (157) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (134)
- Doctoral Thesis (12)
- Part of Periodical (7)
- Conference Proceeding (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (157)
Keywords
- Arabidopsis thaliana (3)
- conservation (3)
- dispersal (3)
- evolution (3)
- machine learning (3)
- Bombina bombina (2)
- Dictyostelium (2)
- Lepus europaeus (2)
- Microcystis (2)
- Mitochondria (2)
- R Shiny (2)
- agricultural landscapes (2)
- centrosome (2)
- connectivity (2)
- endozoochory (2)
- functional diversity (2)
- inflammation (2)
- insulin (2)
- interleukin-8 (2)
- iron-sulfur clusters (2)
- lipid metabolism (2)
- macrophages (2)
- mechanical (2)
- mechanobiology (2)
- metabarcoding (2)
- metabolism (2)
- microtubule-organization (2)
- mitochondria (2)
- mobile links (2)
- natural products (2)
- nutrient (2)
- photosynthesis (2)
- population dynamics (2)
- properties (2)
- range dynamics (2)
- resource competition (2)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (2)
- seed dispersal (2)
- seed dispersal syndrome (2)
- starch granule initiation (2)
- starch granules (2)
- starch metabolism (2)
- starch morphology (2)
- urbanization (2)
- (PEDOT (1)
- 1-aminodecylidene bis-phosphonic acid (1)
- 13CO2 labeling (1)
- 2D-LC-MS/MS (1)
- 3D breast cell model (1)
- A-type carrier protein (1)
- AFOLU (1)
- Adipocytes (1)
- Agricultural landscapes (1)
- Aktivität (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Analytical limitations (1)
- Andean plateau (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Aphanizomenon (1)
- Aphis fabae (1)
- Arctic (1)
- Asteraceae (1)
- Astrocytes (1)
- BBsome (1)
- Bacteria identification (1)
- Baetis (1)
- Bangladesh (1)
- Bbs4 (1)
- Bengal Delta (1)
- Bioconversion (1)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (1)
- Brachionus fernandoi (1)
- Buchnera (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CPI1 (1)
- Cep192 (1)
- Cereals (1)
- Chlamydomonas (1)
- Circadian rhythm (1)
- Cloeon (1)
- Coherences (1)
- Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Copper (1)
- Cost of resistance (1)
- Coumaronochromone (1)
- Coumestan (1)
- Curculionidae (1)
- Cytochrome b (1)
- DNMT inhibitor (1)
- Diagnostic (1)
- Dispersal (1)
- Disturbance (1)
- Docosahexaenoic acid (1)
- Drosophila wing imaginal disc (1)
- EBI3 (1)
- Ecological niche modeling (1)
- Ensemble Kalman (1)
- Evolutionary algorithms (1)
- Excited state proton transfer (1)
- Extracelluar wingless (1)
- FGF21 (1)
- FNR (1)
- Fatty acid conversion (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Female perpetrators (1)
- Fis (1)
- Floral induction (1)
- Flowering time (1)
- Forest dependency (1)
- Fortbewegung (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fresh water fish (1)
- FtsZ (1)
- FtsZ ring formation (1)
- GDF15 (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Genome-wide (1)
- Genomic selection (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Glaciers (1)
- HIREC (1)
- Habitat loss (1)
- Habrophlebiodes (1)
- Hamiltonella (1)
- Hepatocytes (1)
- HiGHmed (1)
- Hierarchical clustering (1)
- Hippo signaling (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Hormones (1)
- Host-symbiont interaction (1)
- Hydro-meteorological indices (1)
- IDPs (1)
- Imaginal disc dissection (1)
- India (1)
- Individual-based models (1)
- Infection (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ionentransport (1)
- Island biogeography (1)
- Janus droplets (1)
- Kettle holes (1)
- Kucukcekmece Lagoon (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCSM (1)
- LEA (1)
- LEUNIG LEUNIG_HOMOLOG SEUSS SEUSS-LIKEs Arabidopsis embryogenesis WOX2-module HD-ZIPIII (1)
- LMA (1)
- Lake Bolshoe Toko (1)
- Lake-surfaces variability (1)
- Landscape (1)
- Late Holocene (1)
- Leguminosae (1)
- Lichtverschmutzung (1)
- Life-history traits (1)
- Long-distance seed dispersal (1)
- MTOC (1)
- Male victims (1)
- Matrix vegetation (1)
- Matroids (1)
- MbtH (1)
- Mcy gene (1)
- Melainabacteria (1)
- Metabolic models (1)
- Metabolites (1)
- Metacommunity dynamics (1)
- Metapopulation dynamics (1)
- Methylheptadecanes (1)
- Methylobacter (1)
- Microcystin (1)
- Millettia lasiantha (1)
- MoaA (1)
- Moco biosynthesis (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Morphogen signaling (1)
- Multi-method (1)
- Mutation operators (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- NGS (1)
- Network clustering (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nonadiabatic effects (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Oil Palm (1)
- Organization model (1)
- PCR– RFLP (1)
- PNPLA3 (1)
- PPMI (parkinson's progression markers initiative) (1)
- PSS)-coated porous (1)
- Patch isolation (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Pflanze (1)
- Phalacridae (1)
- Photosynthese (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Pickering emulsions (1)
- Planktothrix (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Precipitation variability (1)
- Prior knowledge (1)
- Protein complexes (1)
- Protein-bound microcystin (1)
- Protein-protein interaction (1)
- Quantum dynamics (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- ROS (1)
- Recycling assay (1)
- Regional forcings (1)
- Reproducible benchmarking (1)
- Reproductive phase (1)
- ResNet (1)
- RpoS (1)
- RubisCO (1)
- SPD-2 (1)
- Same-sex relationships (1)
- Seed dispersal by wind (1)
- Sequential data assimilation (1)
- Sericytochromatia (1)
- Sexual aggression (1)
- Sexual victimization (1)
- Silene vulgaris (1)
- Simple Sequence Repeat (1)
- Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (1)
- Skeletal muscle cells (1)
- Snow-cover (1)
- Snowella (1)
- South American Monsoon (1)
- Species comparison (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Stability (1)
- Starch (1)
- Starch metabolism (1)
- Starch structure (1)
- Stochastic epidemic model (1)
- Submodular functions (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synchronization (1)
- System (1)
- TMAO-reductase (1)
- TNF alpha (1)
- TOR signaling (1)
- TTR (1)
- Tenebrio molitor larvae (1)
- Thylakoid (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Trace elements (1)
- Trophic upgrading (1)
- Turing instability (1)
- TusA (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- UDP-glucose (1)
- Ulcerative colitis (1)
- Upper Indus Basin (1)
- Urbanisation (1)
- Varves (1)
- Vegetative phase (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Weevil (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wingless/Wnt secretion (1)
- Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz) (1)
- a domain (1)
- abundance (1)
- acclimation (1)
- acid ceramidase (1)
- acid invertase (1)
- activated carbon (1)
- active polymer (1)
- activity (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adaptive introgression (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- admixture (1)
- advanced maternal age at first birth (1)
- aging (1)
- agrin (1)
- all-organic (1)
- all-organic ferroelectret nanogenerator (FENG) (1)
- allostatic load (1)
- alpha-glucan (1)
- alpha-helix (1)
- alternative splicing (1)
- ambient temperature (1)
- amino acid (1)
- analysis (1)
- ancient DNA (1)
- animal cognition (1)
- animal pests (1)
- anorexia (1)
- anthropogene Umweltveränderungen (1)
- anthropogenic environment (1)
- antibody producing cell selection (1)
- appetite regulation (1)
- application (1)
- arable weeds (1)
- arsenic (1)
- assembly (1)
- association studies (1)
- auxin (1)
- auxin biosynthesis (1)
- bats (1)
- behaviour (1)
- biomarker detection (1)
- biomass-trait feedback (1)
- biomaterial (1)
- biophysics (1)
- biopolymer (1)
- biosensor (1)
- birthweight (1)
- bisphosphonates (1)
- body composition (1)
- body fat estimator (1)
- bone remodeling (1)
- brain insulin signaling (1)
- browning (1)
- calcination (1)
- camera sensor (1)
- cancer therapy (1)
- carbon cycling (1)
- carbon limitation (1)
- carbon sequestration (1)
- cardiac development (1)
- cardiokine (1)
- cardiomyocyte (1)
- cell (1)
- cell culture (1)
- cell wall (1)
- cellulose (1)
- cellulose polymeric organic matter (1)
- cerami-des (1)
- cereal leaf beetle (1)
- cereal meals (1)
- chemodiversity (1)
- chloroplast isolation (1)
- ciliate predators (1)
- cilium (1)
- classical swine fever (1)
- climate adaptation (1)
- co-benefits (1)
- coffee by-products (1)
- coil-helix (1)
- cold (1)
- cold stress (1)
- collagen (1)
- community effects (1)
- composition (1)
- conformational change (1)
- core-shell (1)
- crop losses (1)
- crowdsourcing (1)
- crystallinity (1)
- cultural dependence (1)
- cyanobacteria sedimentation (1)
- cyanobacterial bloom (1)
- cyclic olefin copolymer (1)
- cycloeucalenol (1)
- cytokine (1)
- data integration (1)
- ddRAD (1)
- decitabine (1)
- deep learning (1)
- degradation (1)
- demand management (1)
- developmental canalization (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diel cycle (1)
- dietary patterns (1)
- differential (1)
- digestive enzymes quantification (1)
- digital (1)
- dipeptide (1)
- disease (1)
- disease diagnosis (1)
- diversity (1)
- division (1)
- dominance-subordination (1)
- dryland (1)
- dynamic landscapes (1)
- ecophysiology (1)
- education (1)
- egg ratio (1)
- ego motivation (1)
- elephants (1)
- endocardium (1)
- endocrine disruption (1)
- endophytes (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- energy transfer (1)
- environmental change (1)
- environmental reconstruction (1)
- enzymatic activities (1)
- enzymology (1)
- epistasis (1)
- epitope prediction (1)
- exercise (1)
- expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (1)
- experimental design (1)
- exploitation (1)
- expression (1)
- external knowledge bases (1)
- extracellular DNA (1)
- extracellular enzymes (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracellular signaling (1)
- fabric electrodes (1)
- fatty acid composition (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- feasibility (1)
- feature selection (1)
- feeding (1)
- female preference (1)
- ferroelectret (1)
- filter (1)
- fitness gradient (1)
- fitness response (1)
- fluctuating light (1)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence fluctuation microscopy (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluorescent image analysis (1)
- foetal growth (1)
- food chain (1)
- food-web efficiency (1)
- form stability (1)
- fractionation factors (1)
- functional (1)
- functional inhibitors of acid sphin-gomyelinase (1)
- fungal pathogens (1)
- fungi (1)
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- gene (1)
- gene selection (1)
- genetic accommodation (1)
- genetic rescue (1)
- global change (1)
- global runoff database (1)
- glucan phosphorylase (1)
- glucose metabolism (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- granule number per chloroplast (1)
- grasslands ecosystem (1)
- grazing pressure (1)
- groundwater (1)
- growth (1)
- growth behavior (1)
- guard cell (1)
- heart regeneration (1)
- heat (1)
- heat shock protein (1)
- herbivory (1)
- hidden obesity (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- host– pathogen dynamics (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cell (1)
- human-induced rapid environmental change (1)
- hybridoma (1)
- iatom diversity (1)
- image processing (1)
- image recognition (1)
- immobilized enzyme (1)
- in vitro thrombogenicity testing (1)
- individual‐ based model (1)
- indolactams (1)
- inhibitory cytokines (1)
- insect behavior (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- interaction (1)
- interactions (1)
- interactive web app (1)
- interleukin-35 (1)
- intra-organ-communication (1)
- intracellular DNA (1)
- intraspecific trait variation (1)
- introgression (1)
- ion transport (1)
- kelp (1)
- label-free (1)
- lake monitoring (1)
- land management (1)
- land sector (1)
- lanthanides (1)
- lanthanoid migration (1)
- last glacial (1)
- light intensity (1)
- light pollution (1)
- light variability (1)
- limits (1)
- linker (1)
- lipid-ratio (1)
- lithobiont (1)
- litter decomposition (1)
- liver (1)
- lung organoid (1)
- lysosomal hydrolases (1)
- lysosome (1)
- magnetic manipulation (1)
- magnetite nanoparticles (1)
- major histocompatibility complex (1)
- male philopatry (1)
- manganese (1)
- many-to-one genotype–phenotype map (1)
- mark-release-recapture (1)
- material and moral conditions (1)
- maternal nicotine consumption (1)
- maturation (1)
- mayfly (1)
- mesophyll cell (1)
- metacommunity (1)
- methane oxidation (1)
- methanotroph (1)
- micro-energy harvesting (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microalgal resource (1)
- microbial ecology (1)
- microcystin (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microtubule-organizing center (1)
- mitigation (1)
- mitochondrial phylogeny (1)
- mitogenomes (1)
- mitosis (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular tumor board (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- mouse (1)
- movement (1)
- movement ecology (1)
- movement patterns (1)
- multienzyme electrode (1)
- muscle (1)
- myocardium (1)
- myokine (1)
- myopathy (1)
- n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid therapies (1)
- natural climate solutions (1)
- nature-based solutions (1)
- neophilia (1)
- neophobia (1)
- newborn size (1)
- niche width (1)
- nitrate reductase (1)
- noise color (1)
- nonalcoholic fatty liver (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- normal weigh obese (1)
- novelty (1)
- number and brightness (1)
- nutrient cycling (1)
- nutrient leaching (1)
- nutrient spike (1)
- nutrition (1)
- odor (1)
- olfaction (1)
- oligomerization (1)
- ontogeny (1)
- opportunistic behaviour (1)
- organic compounds adsorption (1)
- osteoblast (1)
- osteoclast (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen scavenger (1)
- paleoenvironments (1)
- parchment (1)
- parkinson's disease (1)
- partial protandry (1)
- pathogens (1)
- peat soil microcosms (1)
- peptides (1)
- personalized medicine (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phosphoglucan water dikinase (1)
- photoresponse (1)
- phthalates (1)
- phylogenetic diversity (1)
- physiology (1)
- piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) (1)
- plant (1)
- plant diversity (1)
- plant functional trait (1)
- plant pathology (1)
- plants (1)
- platelets (1)
- pmoA amplicon sequencing (1)
- pollen (1)
- poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (1)
- polyamide (1)
- polystyrene (1)
- population demography (1)
- population growth rate (1)
- populations (1)
- predator (1)
- predator trait variation (1)
- predator-prey systems (1)
- prestige (1)
- prior knowledge (1)
- production (1)
- prostaglandin E-2 (1)
- prostaglandin E2 (1)
- protein (1)
- protein-folding (1)
- protein-metabolite (1)
- protein-protein (1)
- proteomics (1)
- pubertal timing (1)
- public health (1)
- pulse perturbation (1)
- random forest (1)
- reaction norms (1)
- recombination (1)
- regime shift (1)
- reliability (1)
- retinoid-binding protein (1)
- robustness (1)
- rock (1)
- rodents (1)
- rotifers (1)
- rs738409 (1)
- runoff (1)
- runoff timing (1)
- sarcopenia (1)
- scale-dependency (1)
- scaled mass index (1)
- schwankendes Licht (1)
- seasonality (1)
- secular change (1)
- secular changes (1)
- sediment traps (1)
- self-organisation (1)
- self-perception (1)
- shape-memory hydrogel (1)
- silica beads (1)
- sitosterol (1)
- skeletal robusticity (1)
- smart farming (1)
- smoking (1)
- social identity (1)
- social status (1)
- socioeconomy (1)
- soil aggregation (1)
- soil organic carbon (1)
- soil pH (1)
- soil respiration (1)
- source-sink dynamics (1)
- spatio-temporal pattern (1)
- species abundance (1)
- spectrometry (IMS) (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spent coffee grounds (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingomyelin (1)
- standard metabolic rate (1)
- starch (1)
- starch granule number per chloroplast (1)
- static and dynamic light scattering (1)
- stereocomplexes (1)
- sterol (1)
- stochastic fluctuations (1)
- stress (1)
- structural diversity (1)
- structural equation model (1)
- structure-function (1)
- stunting (1)
- supply (1)
- tRNA thio modifications (1)
- teleocidin (1)
- temperature (1)
- temporal variability (1)
- terpenoids (1)
- thermoplastic elastomer (1)
- thylakoid (1)
- tissue stiffness (1)
- tissue types (1)
- titin (1)
- top (1)
- trait diversity (1)
- trait-based aggregate model (1)
- trait-environment relationship (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- trimethylamine N-oxide (1)
- tritrophic food web (1)
- trnL (1)
- ubiquitination (1)
- upconversion nanoparticles (1)
- validity (1)
- valorization (1)
- viologen (1)
- virus (1)
- water dikinase (1)
- wearable electronics (1)
- weathering (1)
- westernization (1)
- wheat (1)
- wheat crops (1)
- woody biomass (1)
- yellow rust (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zinc (1)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (1)
- δ13C (1)
- δ15N (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (95)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (16)
- Institut für Chemie (13)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (10)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (7)
- Extern (6)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH (6)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (6)
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften (5)
- Department Psychologie (2)
As autotrophic organisms, plants capture light energy to convert carbon dioxide into ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and sugars, which are essential for the biosynthesis of building blocks, storage, and growth. At night, metabolism and growth can be sustained by mobilizing carbon (C) reserves. In response to changing environmental conditions, such as light-dark cycles, the small-molecule regulation of enzymatic activities is critical for reprogramming cellular metabolism. We have recently demonstrated that proteogenic dipeptides, protein degradation products, act as metabolic switches at the interface of proteostasis and central metabolism in both plants and yeast. Dipeptides accumulate in response to the environmental changes and act via direct binding and regulation of critical enzymatic activities, enabling C flux distribution. Here, we provide evidence pointing to the involvement of dipeptides in the metabolic rewiring characteristics for the day-night cycle in plants. Specifically, we measured the abundance of 13 amino acids and 179 dipeptides over short- (SD) and long-day (LD) diel cycles, each with different light intensities. Of the measured dipeptides, 38 and eight were characterized by day-night oscillation in SD and LD, respectively, reaching maximum accumulation at the end of the day and then gradually falling in the night. Not only the number of dipeptides, but also the amplitude of the oscillation was higher in SD compared with LD conditions. Notably, rhythmic dipeptides were enriched in the glucogenic amino acids that can be converted into glucose. Considering the known role of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling in regulating both autophagy and metabolism, we subsequently investigated whether diurnal fluctuations of dipeptides levels are dependent on the TOR Complex (TORC). The Raptor1b mutant (raptor1b), known for the substantial reduction of TOR kinase activity, was characterized by the augmented accumulation of dipeptides, which is especially pronounced under LD conditions. We were particularly intrigued by the group of 16 dipeptides, which, based on their oscillation under SD conditions and accumulation in raptor1b, can be associated with limited C availability or photoperiod. By mining existing protein-metabolite interaction data, we delineated putative protein interactors for a representative dipeptide Pro-Gln. The obtained list included enzymes of C and amino acid metabolism, which are also linked to the TORC-mediated metabolic network. Based on the obtained results, we speculate that the diurnal accumulation of dipeptides contributes to its metabolic adaptation in response to changes in C availability. We hypothesize that dipeptides would act as alternative respiratory substrates and by directly modulating the activity of the focal enzymes.
Due to their isolated and often fragmented nature, range margin populations are especially vulnerable to rapid environmental change. To maintain genetic diversity and adaptive potential, gene flow from disjunct populations might therefore be crucial to their survival. Translocations are often proposed as a mitigation strategy to increase genetic diversity in threatened populations. However, this also includes the risk of losing locally adapted alleles through genetic swamping. Human-mediated translocations of southern lineage specimens into northern German populations of the endangered European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) provide an unexpected experimental set-up to test the genetic consequences of an intraspecific introgression from central population individuals into populations at the species range margin. Here, we utilize complete mitochondrial genomes and transcriptome nuclear data to reveal the full genetic extent of this translocation and the consequences it may have for these populations. We uncover signs of introgression in four out of the five northern populations investigated, including a number of introgressed alleles ubiquitous in all recipient populations, suggesting a possible adaptive advantage. Introgressed alleles dominate at the MTCH2 locus, associated with obesity/fat tissue in humans, and the DSP locus, essential for the proper development of epidermal skin in amphibians. Furthermore, we found loci where local alleles were retained in the introgressed populations, suggesting their relevance for local adaptation. Finally, comparisons of genetic diversity between introgressed and nonintrogressed northern German populations revealed an increase in genetic diversity in all German individuals belonging to introgressed populations, supporting the idea of a beneficial transfer of genetic variation from Austria into North Germany.
Northern range margin populations of the European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) have rapidly declined during recent decades. Extensive agricultural land use has fragmented the landscape, leading to habitat disruption and loss, as well as eutrophication of ponds. In Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) and Southern Sweden (Skåne), this population decline resulted in decreased gene flow from surrounding populations, low genetic diversity, and a putative reduction in adaptive potential, leaving populations vulnerable to future environmental and climatic changes. Previous studies using mitochondrial control region and nuclear transcriptome-wide SNP data detected introgressive hybridization in multiple northern B. bombina populations after unreported release of toads from Austria. Here, we determine the impact of this introgression by comparing the body conditions (proxy for fitness) of introgressed and nonintrogressed populations and the genetic consequences in two candidate genes for putative local adaptation (the MHC II gene as part of the adaptive immune system and the stress response gene HSP70 kDa). We detected regional differences in body condition and observed significantly elevated levels of within individual MHC allele counts in introgressed Swedish populations, associated with a tendency toward higher body weight, relative to regional nonintrogressed populations. These differences were not observed among introgressed and nonintrogressed German populations. Genetic diversity in both MHC and HSP was generally lower in northern than Austrian populations. Our study sheds light on the potential benefits of translocations of more distantly related conspecifics as a means to increase adaptive genetic variability and fitness of genetically depauperate range margin populations without distortion of local adaptation.
The manuscript describes the phytochemical investigation of the roots, leaves and stem bark of Millettia lasiantha resulting in the isolation of twelve compounds including two new isomeric isoflavones lascoumestan and las-coumaronochromone. The structures of the new compounds were determined using different spectroscopic techniques.
Strong as a Hippo’s Heart: Biomechanical Hippo Signaling During Zebrafish Cardiac Development
(2021)
The heart is comprised of multiple tissues that contribute to its physiological functions. During development, the growth of myocardium and endocardium is coupled and morphogenetic processes within these separate tissue layers are integrated. Here, we discuss the roles of mechanosensitive Hippo signaling in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart. Hippo signaling is involved in defining numbers of cardiac progenitor cells derived from the secondary heart field, in restricting the growth of the epicardium, and in guiding trabeculation and outflow tract formation. Recent work also shows that myocardial chamber dimensions serve as a blueprint for Hippo signaling-dependent growth of the endocardium. Evidently, Hippo pathway components act at the crossroads of various signaling pathways involved in embryonic zebrafish heart development. Elucidating how biomechanical Hippo signaling guides heart morphogenesis has direct implications for our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
Precision oncology is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary medical specialty. Comprehensive cancer panels are becoming increasingly available at pathology departments worldwide, creating the urgent need for scalable cancer variant annotation and molecularly informed treatment recommendations. A wealth of mainly academia-driven knowledge bases calls for software tools supporting the multi-step diagnostic process. We derive a comprehensive list of knowledge bases relevant for variant interpretation by a review of existing literature followed by a survey among medical experts from university hospitals in Germany. In addition, we review cancer variant interpretation tools, which integrate multiple knowledge bases. We categorize the knowledge bases along the diagnostic process in precision oncology and analyze programmatic access options as well as the integration of knowledge bases into software tools. The most commonly used knowledge bases provide good programmatic access options and have been integrated into a range of software tools. For the wider set of knowledge bases, access options vary across different parts of the diagnostic process. Programmatic access is limited for information regarding clinical classifications of variants and for therapy recommendations. The main issue for databases used for biological classification of pathogenic variants and pathway context information is the lack of standardized interfaces. There is no single cancer variant interpretation tool that integrates all identified knowledge bases. Specialized tools are available and need to be further developed for different steps in the diagnostic process.
Correction to: Knowledge bases and software support for variant interpretation in precision oncology
(2021)
Background
There is a recurring and seamless interaction between the biology of human development and the social-economic-political-emotional (SEPE) environment. The SEPE environment influences the quality of the material conditions for human biology and, simultaneously, human growth in height and other dimensions provide social and moral signals that provide information to community networks.
Objectives
This article reviews the role of SEPE factors in human growth, especially skeletal growth.
Sample and Methods
The meaning of SEPE is defined and shown to be related to individual and group prestige, to social identity, and to ego and task motivation. These influence dominance or subordination of communities and the material and moral conditions of societies. Historical and contemporary examples of SEPE effects on skeletal size are presented.
Results
Membership in a SEPE community impacts skeletal size in height and breadth. Higher SEPE classes are taller, lower SEPE classes are broader. In elite level sport the winners have more growth stimulation via the hormone IGF-1 even before the contest. These findings are explained in terms of dominance versus subordination and the Community Effect in Height hypothesis.
Conclusions
SEPE factor regulation of human growth is shown to be a more comprehensive explanation for plasticity in height than traditional concepts such as socioeconomic status and simple-minded genetic determinism. People belonging to upper SEPE class communities, the elites, know that they are superior and are treated as such by the non-elites. The material and moral condition for life operating through these community social networks provide positive stimulation for the elites and negative stimulation for the lower SEPE classes. These differences maintain the gradients in height between SEPE communities in human societies.
Background
Subjective Social Status is used as an important predictor for psychological and physiological findings, most commonly measured with the MacArthur Scale (Ladder Test). Previous studies have shown that this test fits better in Western cultures. The idea of a social ladder itself and ranking oneself “higher” or “lower” is a concept that accords to the Western thinking.
Objectives
We hypothesize that in a culture where only the elites have adapted to a Western lifestyle, the test results reflect a higher level of accuracy for this stratum. We also expect that self-perception differs per sex.
Sample and Methods
We implemented the Ladder Test in a study of Indonesian schoolchildren aged between 5 and 13 years (boys N = 369, girls N= 364) from non-private and private schools in Kupang in 2020.
Results
Our analysis showed that the Ladder Test results were according to the Western expectations only for the private school, as the Ladder Scores significantly decreased with age (LM: p = 0.04). The Ladder Test results are best explained by “Education Father” for the non-private school pupils (p = 0.01) and all boys (p = 0.04), by “School Grades” for the private school cohort (p = 0.06) and by “Household Score” for girls (p =0.09).
Conclusion
This finding indicates that the concept of ranking oneself “high” or “low” on a social ladder is strongly implicated with Western ideas. A ladder implies social movement by “climbing” up or down. According to that, reflection of self-perception is influenced by culture.
Trait means or variance
(2021)
One of the few laws in ecology is that communities consist of few common and many rare taxa. Functional traits may help to identify the underlying mechanisms of this community pattern, since they correlate with different niche dimensions. However, comprehensive studies are missing that investigate the effects of species mean traits (niche position) and intraspecific trait variability (ITV, niche width) on species abundance. In this study, we investigated fragmented dry grasslands to reveal trait-occurrence relationships in plants at local and regional scales. We predicted that (a) at the local scale, species occurrence is highest for species with intermediate traits, (b) at the regional scale, habitat specialists have a lower species occurrence than generalists, and thus, traits associated with stress-tolerance have a negative effect on species occurrence, and (c) ITV increases species occurrence irrespective of the scale. We measured three plant functional traits (SLA = specific leaf area, LDMC = leaf dry matter content, plant height) at 21 local dry grassland communities (10 m × 10 m) and analyzed the effect of these traits and their variation on species occurrence. At the local scale, mean LDMC had a positive effect on species occurrence, indicating that stress-tolerant species are the most abundant rather than species with intermediate traits (hypothesis 1). We found limited support for lower specialist occurrence at the regional scale (hypothesis 2). Further, ITV of LDMC and plant height had a positive effect on local occurrence supporting hypothesis 3. In contrast, at the regional scale, plants with a higher ITV of plant height were less frequent. We found no evidence that the consideration of phylogenetic relationships in our analyses influenced our findings. In conclusion, both species mean traits (in particular LDMC) and ITV were differently related to species occurrence with respect to spatial scale. Therefore, our study underlines the strong scale-dependency of trait-abundance relationships.
Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are crucial molecular mediators in microbial ecology and provide indispensable drugs. Nevertheless, the evolution of the flexible biosynthetic machineries that correlates with the stunning structural diversity of NRPs is poorly understood. Here, we show that recombination is a key driver in the evolution of bacterial NRP synthetase (NRPS) genes across distant bacterial phyla, which has guided structural diversification in a plethora of NRP families by extensive mixing andmatching of biosynthesis genes. The systematic dissection of a large number of individual recombination events did not only unveil a striking plurality in the nature and origin of the exchange units but allowed the deduction of overarching principles that enable the efficient exchange of adenylation (A) domain substrates while keeping the functionality of the dynamic multienzyme complexes. In the majority of cases, recombination events have targeted variable portions of the A(core) domains, yet domain interfaces and the flexible A(sub) domain remained untapped. Our results strongly contradict the widespread assumption that adenylation and condensation (C) domains coevolve and significantly challenge the attributed role of C domains as stringent selectivity filter during NRP synthesis. Moreover, they teach valuable lessons on the choice of natural exchange units in the evolution of NRPS diversity, which may guide future engineering approaches.
The imagination of clearly separated core-shell structures is already outdated by the fact, that the nanoparticle core-shell structures remain in terms of efficiency behind their respective bulk material due to intermixing between core and shell dopant ions. In order to optimize the photoluminescence of core-shell UCNP the intermixing should be as small as possible and therefore, key parameters of this process need to be identified. In the present work the Ln(III) ion migration in the host lattices NaYF4 and NaGdF4 was monitored. These investigations have been performed by laser spectroscopy with help of lanthanide resonance energy transfer (LRET) between Eu(III) as donor and Pr(III) or Nd(III) as acceptor. The LRET is evaluated based on the Forster theory. The findings corroborate the literature and point out the migration of ions in the host lattices. Based on the introduced LRET model, the acceptor concentration in the surrounding of one donor depends clearly on the design of the applied core-shell-shell nanoparticles. In general, thinner intermediate insulating shells lead to higher acceptor concentration, stronger quenching of the Eu(III) donor and subsequently stronger sensitization of the Pr(III) or the Nd(III) acceptors. The choice of the host lattice as well as of the synthesis temperature are parameters to be considered for the intermixing process.
Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) are not only essential trace elements, but also potential exogenous risk factors for various diseases. Since the disturbed homeostasis of single metals can result in detrimental health effects, concerns have emerged regarding the consequences of excessive exposures to multiple metals, either via nutritional supplementation or parenteral nutrition. This study focuses on Mn-Zn-interactions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, taking into account aspects related to aging and age-dependent neurodegeneration.
Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an essential insect pollinator in oil palm plantations. Recently, researches have been undertaken to improve pollination efficiency using this species. A fundamental understanding of the genes related to this pollinator behavior is necessary to achieve this goal. Here, we present the draft genome sequence, annotation, and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data for this pollinator. In total, 34.97 Gb of sequence data from one male individual (monoisolate) were obtained using Illumina short-read platform NextSeq 500. The draft genome assembly was found to be 269.79 Mb and about 59.9% of completeness based on Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) assessment. Functional gene annotation predicted about 26.566 genes. Also, a total of 281.668 putative SSR markers were identified. This draft genome sequence is a valuable resource for understanding the population genetics, phylogenetics, dispersal patterns, and behavior of this species.