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This study compares the classification of Azerbaijani fricatives based on two sets of features: (a) spectral moments, spectral peak, amplitude, duration, and (b) cepstral coefficients employing Hidden Markov Models to divide each fricative into three regions such that the variances of the measures within each region are minimized. The cepstral coefficients were found to be more reliable predictors in the classification of all nine Azerbaijani fricatives and the cepstral measures yielded highly successful classification rates (91.21% across both genders) in the identification of the full set of fricatives of Azerbaijani.
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(2021)
Fourteen-month-olds' ability to distinguish a just learned word, /bu?k/, from its minimally different word, /du?k/, was assessed under two pre-exposure conditions: one where /b, d/-initial forms occurred in a varying vowel context and another where the vowel was fixed but the final consonant varied. Infants in the experiments benefited from the variable vowel but not from the variable final consonant context, suggesting that vowel variability but not all kinds of variability are beneficial. These results are discussed in the context of time-honored observations on the vowel-dependent nature of place of articulation cues for consonants.