320 Politikwissenschaft
Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (58) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (43)
- Part of a Book (7)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
- Other (1)
- Postprint (1)
- Review (1)
- Working Paper (1)
Language
- English (58) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (58)
Keywords
- institutions (4)
- Coordination (3)
- Integration (3)
- Australia (2)
- Germany (2)
- Local authorities (2)
- Migration (2)
- bicameralism (2)
- constitutional design (2)
- debt (2)
- democratic theory (2)
- executive personalism (2)
- governance (2)
- international organizations (2)
- parliamentary government (2)
- patterns of democracy (2)
- presidential government (2)
- semi-parliamentary government (2)
- separation of powers (2)
- African American literature (1)
- Antisemitism (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Cabinet (1)
- Cities (1)
- Civil service career (1)
- Civil society (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climate change adaptation (1)
- Comparative Public Administration (1)
- Compliance (1)
- Country experience (1)
- Enforcement (1)
- Eurobarometer (1)
- Eurocentrism (1)
- European Immigration Policies (1)
- Expert Authority (1)
- Extreme weather (1)
- Federal administration (1)
- Federalism (1)
- Global South (1)
- IHL (1)
- IHRL (1)
- Informal and formal (1)
- Integration Policy (1)
- Integration strategy (1)
- International (1)
- International Bureaucracies (1)
- International bureaucrats (1)
- Kyrgyzstan (1)
- Landscape planning (1)
- Liberia (1)
- Local Civil Society Networks (1)
- Local Governance (1)
- Local autonomy (1)
- Media (1)
- Migrants (1)
- Migration Policy (1)
- Ministries (1)
- Municipalities (1)
- National state communication (1)
- Neutrality (1)
- Organisations (1)
- Peacebuilding (1)
- Performance (1)
- Policy (1)
- Policymaking (1)
- Political civil servant (1)
- Political craft (1)
- Politicisation (1)
- Public opinion (1)
- Recipient performance (1)
- Sierra Leone (1)
- Sub-national Autonomy (1)
- Supervision (1)
- Survey (1)
- United Nations (1)
- Weberian bureaucracy (1)
- World Bank (1)
- acteurs non-étatiques (1)
- administración pública (1)
- administration (1)
- administration publique (1)
- administrative culture (1)
- agentes no estatales (1)
- authoritarian resilience (1)
- authority (1)
- boundary spanning (1)
- bureaucraties internationales (1)
- burocracias internacionales (1)
- civil war (1)
- collaboration (1)
- collective memory (1)
- comparative development (1)
- containment (1)
- counterterrorism (1)
- crises (1)
- crisis (1)
- cyber-attack (1)
- cyberwar (1)
- decadence (1)
- decision-making (1)
- democratization (1)
- difference-in-differences (1)
- digital transformation (1)
- digitalization (1)
- discourse (1)
- discrimination (1)
- domestic politics (1)
- e-government (1)
- energy (1)
- environmental policy (1)
- epistemic injustice (1)
- expertise (1)
- feminism (1)
- field experiment (1)
- financial policy (1)
- gender (1)
- genre (1)
- global governance (1)
- hermeneutical capability (1)
- hermeneutical injustice (1)
- history (1)
- impact evaluation (1)
- institutional design (1)
- inter-governmental relations (1)
- international (1)
- international administration (1)
- international bureaucracies (1)
- international development (1)
- international human rights (1)
- international humanitarian law (1)
- intertextuality (1)
- law and technology (1)
- micro-credit (1)
- mots clés (1)
- multi-level government (1)
- multi-level system (1)
- nativism (1)
- neo-liberalism (1)
- new technologies (1)
- nineteenth and twentieth century (1)
- nonstate actors (1)
- organisations internationales (1)
- organizaciones internacionales (1)
- organizations (1)
- palabras clave (1)
- performance (1)
- personal data (1)
- planetarity (1)
- planning (1)
- policy advice (1)
- policy reform (1)
- post-Soviet (1)
- privacy (1)
- protest (1)
- public (1)
- public good (1)
- public health (1)
- public value (1)
- public values (1)
- race (1)
- racism (1)
- radical (1)
- regime complexity (1)
- regional organizations (1)
- right parties and movements (1)
- romance (1)
- self-employed women (1)
- social epistemology (1)
- space (1)
- start-up subsidies (1)
- survey experiment (1)
- survival analysis (1)
- terrorism (1)
- transition economies (1)
- transition policy (1)
- transitional justice (1)
- triple nexus (1)
- violence (1)
- window of opportunity (1)
- women's empowerment (1)
- world literature (1)
Institute
- Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft (36)
- Fachgruppe Betriebswirtschaftslehre (10)
- Sozialwissenschaften (4)
- Fachgruppe Volkswirtschaftslehre (2)
- Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik (2)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (2)
- Fachgruppe Soziologie (1)
- Historisches Institut (1)
- Öffentliches Recht (1)
In a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not. The book defends this thesis and explores ‘semi-parliamentary government’ as an alternative to presidential government. Semi-parliamentarism avoids power concentration in one person by shifting the separation of powers into the democratic assembly. The executive becomes fused with only one part of the assembly, even though the other part has at least equal democratic legitimacy and robust veto power on ordinary legislation. The book identifies the Australian Commonwealth and Japan, as well as the Australian states of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia, as semi-parliamentary systems. Using data from 23 countries and 6 Australian states, it maps how parliamentary and semi-parliamentary systems balance competing visions of democracy; it analyzes patterns of electoral and party systems, cabinet formation, legislative coalition-building, and constitutional reforms; it systematically compares the semi-parliamentary and presidential separation of powers; and it develops new and innovative semi-parliamentary designs, some of which do not require two separate chambers.
Introduction
(2021)
While W.E.B. Du Bois’s first novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), is set squarely in the USA, his second work of fiction, Dark Princess: A Romance (1928), abandons this national framework, depicting the treatment of African Americans in the USA as embedded into an international system of economic exploitation based on racial categories. Ultimately, the political visions offered in the novels differ starkly, but both employ a Western literary canon – so-called ‘classics’ from Greek, German, English, French, and US American literature. With this, Du Bois attempts to create a new space for African Americans in the world (literature) of the 20th century. Weary of the traditions of this ‘world literature’, the novels complicate and begin to decenter the canon that they draw on. This reading traces what I interpret as subtle signs of frustration over the limits set by the literature that underlies Dark Princess, while its predecessor had been more optimistic in its appropriation of Eurocentric fiction for its propagandist aims.
This open access book presents a topical, comprehensive and differentiated analysis of Germany's public administration and reforms. It provides an overview on key elements of German public administration at the federal, Länder and local levels of government as well as on current reform activities of the public sector. It examines the key institutional features of German public administration; the changing relationships between public administration, society and the private sector; the administrative reforms at different levels of the federal system and numerous sectors; and new challenges and modernization approaches like digitalization, Open Government and Better Regulation. Each chapter offers a combination of descriptive information and problem-oriented analysis, presenting key topical issues in Germany which are relevant to an international readership.
Federal Administration
(2021)
The federal administration is significantly small (around 10 percent of all public employees). This speciality of the German administrative system is based on the division of responsibilities: the central (federal) level drafts and adopts most of the laws and public programmes, and the state level (together with the municipal level) implements them. The administration of the federal level comprises the ministries, subordinated agencies for special and selected operational tasks (e.g. the authorisation of drugs, information security and registration of refugees) in distinct administrative sectors (e.g. foreign service, armed forces and federal police). The capacity for preparing and monitoring government bills and statutory instruments is well developed. Moreover, the instruments and tools of coordination are exemplary compared with other countries, although the recent digital turn has been adopted less advanced than elsewhere.
This chapter describes the most prominent public management reform trajectories in German public administration over the past decades since unification. In the 1990s, the New Steering Model emerged as a German variant of the NPM. Since the mid-2000s, local governments in Germany have been subjected to a mandatory reform of their budgeting and accounting system known as the New Municipal Financial Management reforms. Both reforms have led to a substantial change in terms of internal decentralisation, customer orientation, transparency in resource use and the financial situation of administrative bodies. But the emerging reform patterns and their impacts have not replaced the dominance of a strong legalist culture with hierarchical, centralised control. However, in the course of the reforms, a citizen-customer perspective, more participation of citizens and limited application of new management instruments have been accommodated within the persisting bureaucratic system.
Over the last decades, Better Regulation has become a major reform topic at the federal and—in some cases—also at the Länder level. Although the debate about improving regulatory quality and reducing unnecessary burdens created by bureaucracy and red tape date back to the 1960s and 1970s, the introduction by law in 2006 of a new independent institutionalised body for regulatory control at the federal level of government has brought a new quality to the discourse and practice of Better Regulation in Germany. This chapter introduces the basic features of the legislative process at the federal level in Germany, addresses the issue of Better Regulation and outlines the role of the National Regulatory Control Council (Nationaler Normenkontrollrat—NKR) as a ‘watchdog’ for compliance costs, red tape and regulatory impacts.
Although German bureaucracy is typically categorised as Weberian, a clear distinction between politics and administration has never been a defining characteristic of the German political-administrative system. Many close interrelations and interactions between elected politicians and appointed civil servants can be observed at all levels of administration. Higher-ranking civil servants in Germany are used to and generally appreciate the functional politicisation of their jobs, that is their close involvement in all stages of the policy process, from policy formation, goal definition, negotiation within and outside government to the implementation and evaluation of policies. For top positions, therefore, a class of ‘political civil servants’ is a special feature of the German system, and obtaining ‘political craft’ has become an important part of the learning and job experience of higher-ranking civil servants.
German Public Administration
(2021)
The international community of public administration and administrative sciences shows a great interest in the basic features of the German administrative system. The German public administration with its formative decentralisation (called: administrative federalism) is regarded as a prime example of multilevel governance and strong local self-government. Furthermore, over the past decades, the traditional profile of the German administrative system has significantly been reshaped and remoulded through reforms, processes of modernisation and the transformation process in East Germany. Studies on the German administrative system should focus especially on
key institutional features of public administration;
changing relationships between public administration, society and the private sector;
administrative reforms at different levels of the federal system; and
new challenges and modernisation approaches, such as digitalisation, open government and better regulation.
Human resource management (HRM) reform has not been the focus of attention in Germany despite its obvious relevance for effective policy implementation. Although there is a general trend worldwide towards convergence between public and private HRM strategies and practices, management of the workforce in German public administration still remains largely traditional and bureaucratic. This chapter describes and analyses German practices regarding the central functions and elements of HRM such as planning, recruitment, training and leadership. Furthermore, it explores the importance and contribution of public service motivation, performance-related pay and diversity management in the context of German practices. The chapter concludes by highlighting some of the major paradoxes of German public HRM in light of current challenges, such as demographic change, digital transformation and organisational development capabilities.
The chapter analyses recent reforms in the multilevel system of the Länder, specifically territorial, functional and structural reforms, which represent three of the most crucial and closely interconnected reform trajectories at the subnational level. It sheds light on the variety of reform approaches pursued in the different Länder and also highlights some factors that account for these differences. The transfer of state functions to local governments is addressed as well as the restructuring of Länder administrations (e.g. abolishment of the meso level of the Länder administration and of single-purpose state agencies) and the rescaling of territorial boundaries at county and municipal levels, including a brief review of the recently failed (territorial) reforms in Eastern Germany.
The German system of public sector employment (including civil servants and public employees) qualifies as a classical European continental civil service model moulded in traditional forms of a Weberian bureaucracy. Its features include a career-based employment system with entry based on levels of formal qualification. Coordinated by legal frames and centralised collective bargaining, the civil service is, at the same time, decentralised and flexible enough to accommodate regional differences and societal changes. In comparison, the civil service system stands out for its high degrees of professionalism and legal fairness with low levels of corruption or cronyism.
In this introductory chapter, the editors describe the main theoretical basis of analysis of this book and the methodological approach. The core of this book consists of 14 country-specific chapters, which allow a European comparison and show the increasing variance in migration policy approaches within and between European countries. The degree of local autonomy, the level of centralisation and the traditional forms of migration policy are factors that especially influence the possibilities for local authorities to formulate their own integration policies.
This chapter focuses on the relationship between public opinion on migration and its media coverage. Different explanatory models, including individual characteristics, cultural factors and the impact of media and politics, have been proposed to explain public attitudes towards migrants. Understanding the local context is important, as the shares of migrants living in each region and city vary considerably. Providing correct statistical information, stressing the diversity of current migration patterns in Europe and taking part in media and public discussions are ways in which to impact public attitudes at the local level.
The chapter begins with a brief historical overview of Germany’s transition in the twentieth and twenty-first century from a transit and emigration country to one of immigration. The next part of this chapter looks at the challenges and problems facing German immigration policy within a multi-level federal system. Finally, the chapter gives an analysis of some of the trends in German migration policy since the refugee crisis in 2015, such as changes in the party system and in the concepts underlying migration policies to better manage, control and limit immigration to Germany.
As expected, the traditions of national-state migration policies continue to play a very important role, path-dependence in this policy field remains high. The distribution of competences in migration policy and the integration of migrants in the nation states continues to be very different. When implementing integration strategies at grassroots level, the respective policies should be tailored to the profile of both the local migrant community and the native population. Besides better migration management in local administration and the interaction of top-down and bottom-up efforts to integrate migrants is of importance.
This book presents an overview of European migration policy and the various institutional arrangements within and between various actors, such as local councils, local media, local economies, and local civil society initiatives. Both the role of local authorities in this policy field and their cooperation with civil society initiatives or networks are under-explored topics for research. In response, this book provides a range of detailed case studies focusing on the six main groups of national and administrative traditions in Europe: Germanic, Scandinavian, Napoleonic, Southeastern European, Central-Eastern European and Anglo-Saxon.