300 Sozialwissenschaften
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (373) (remove)
Keywords
- Curriculum Framework (34)
- European values education (34)
- Europäische Werteerziehung (34)
- Familie (34)
- Family (34)
- Lehrevaluation (34)
- Studierendenaustausch (34)
- Unterrichtseinheiten (34)
- curriculum framework (34)
- lesson evaluation (34)
- student exchange (34)
- teaching units (34)
- Nachhaltigkeit (17)
- Politik (17)
- Wirtschaft (17)
- Zukunft (17)
- economy (17)
- future (17)
- politics (17)
- society (17)
- sustainability (17)
- Gesellschaft (16)
- Police (10)
- Polizei (10)
- Polizeisoziologie (9)
- Sociology (9)
- Diskussion-Unterricht (8)
- Education (8)
- Geographie-Didaktik (8)
- Geographie-Studium (8)
- Geographie-Unterricht (8)
- Metzler Handbuch 2.0 (8)
- Unterrichtsmethoden (8)
- COVID-19 (7)
- Discussion (7)
- Geography Education (7)
- Strategies (7)
- Germany (6)
- Digitalisierung (4)
- climate change (4)
- decision-making (4)
- gender (4)
- Austria (3)
- European Union (3)
- digitalization (3)
- higher education (3)
- immigration (3)
- inequality (3)
- Bourdieu (2)
- Covid-19 (2)
- Latein (2)
- Latin (2)
- Migration (2)
- Populism (2)
- Postbürokratie (2)
- Security Council (2)
- beliefs (2)
- children (2)
- climate policy (2)
- cognition (2)
- communication (2)
- corruption (2)
- crisis (2)
- decarbonization (2)
- discrimination (2)
- employment (2)
- energy efficiency (2)
- executives (2)
- experiment (2)
- family (2)
- gender inequality (2)
- institutional change (2)
- institutional design (2)
- integration (2)
- interaction (2)
- international migration (2)
- international organizations (2)
- machine learning (2)
- mixed methods (2)
- organizations (2)
- policy (2)
- power (2)
- presidentialism (2)
- public health (2)
- quality assurance (2)
- refugees (2)
- sexual behavior (2)
- sexual scripts (2)
- social epistemology (2)
- sustainable development (2)
- teaching (2)
- terrorism (2)
- (Verfahrens-)Gerechtigkeit (1)
- 2 degrees C target (1)
- 5 star movement (1)
- ASEAN (1)
- Ability Tracking (1)
- Accounting standards (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Afroamerikaner (1)
- Agnieszka Holland (1)
- Aid effectiveness (1)
- Akademischer Nachwuchs (1)
- Al Qaeda (1)
- Algorithmen (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Anonymity (1)
- Anti-Feminismus (1)
- Anti-Gender (1)
- Anti-Imperialismus (1)
- Anti-LGBTQI* (1)
- Appliance diffusion (1)
- Auditing standards (1)
- Austrian Social Survey (1)
- Berichterstattung (1)
- Berlin Christmas market attack (1)
- Big data (1)
- Bildung (1)
- Bildungsexpansion (1)
- Blockchain (1)
- Blood Feud (1)
- Blutrache (1)
- Body composition (1)
- Bologna Process (1)
- Boundary-making of work (1)
- Bretton woods (1)
- Bundeswehr (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- COVID-19 policy making (1)
- Callous-unemotional traits (1)
- Callousness (1)
- Car ownership (1)
- Carbon pricing (1)
- Classroom (1)
- Climate governance experiments (1)
- Collaborative consumption (1)
- Communication for development (1)
- Communications/decision making (1)
- Competency Traps (1)
- Composition (1)
- Conseil de sécurité (1)
- Consejo de Seguridad (1)
- Course of Study (1)
- Covid (1)
- Crowd-sourcing (1)
- Cumulative advantages and disadvantages (1)
- Cyberbullying (1)
- Decentralisation (1)
- Decision-making (1)
- Decoloniale Theorie (1)
- Decomposition analysis (1)
- Denmark (1)
- Diary study (1)
- Digital observation formats (1)
- Digital trace (1)
- Digitale Beobachtungsformate (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) (1)
- Discrete choice experiment (1)
- Distinction (1)
- Distinktion (1)
- Distributional effect (1)
- Doctorow (1)
- Duration (1)
- EU (1)
- EU Commission (1)
- Economics (1)
- Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) (1)
- Educational Expansion (1)
- Einkommensungleichheit (1)
- Einstellungen (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emergency response (1)
- Energy policy (1)
- Enterprise Survey (1)
- Ernährungs- und Verbraucherbildung (1)
- Estimation uncertainty (1)
- Ethical accounting estimates (1)
- European Higher Education Area (1)
- European comparison (1)
- Experience sampling method (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Explanations (1)
- Extreme events (1)
- Fachdidaktik (1)
- Feministische Philosophie (1)
- Ferdinand von Schirach (1)
- Field experiments (1)
- Finanzrisiken (1)
- Folter (1)
- Foreign Language (1)
- Formal organization (1)
- Framing (1)
- Fremdsprache (1)
- Functional differentiation (1)
- GHG Protocol (1)
- Gender (1)
- Gender Pay Gap (1)
- Gender equality (1)
- Gendered (1)
- General subject “Information” (1)
- German LifE (1)
- German literature (1)
- German secondary education (1)
- German sociology (1)
- Geschlechtersegregation (1)
- Geschlechtliche Kategorisierung (1)
- Gesellschaf (1)
- GitHub (1)
- Gleichstellungsrecht (1)
- Global comparison (1)
- Globalisation (1)
- Gobernanza de los Comités (1)
- Great Britain (1)
- Grenzziehungen von Arbeit (1)
- Haushaltseinkommen (1)
- Health care (1)
- Hermeneutische Explikation (1)
- Household data (1)
- Human (1)
- Human values (1)
- Human-robot interaction (1)
- Hydropower (1)
- IASB accounting conceptual framework (1)
- IAT (1)
- ICT (1)
- IHL (1)
- IHRL (1)
- Imperialismus (1)
- Information (1)
- Information Ethics (1)
- International Labour Organization (1)
- International climate negotiations (1)
- Intertemporal substitution (1)
- Irak (1)
- Iraq (1)
- Islamophobia (1)
- Italy (1)
- Justice and Development Party (AKP) (1)
- Justizvollzug (1)
- Klassenzusammensetzung (1)
- Kompetenzfalle (1)
- LCGA (1)
- LGTBQI+ communities (1)
- Labor supply (1)
- Laddering interviews (1)
- Landbevölkerung (1)
- Latent Class Analysis (1)
- Learning (1)
- Learning progress (1)
- Leistungsdifferenzierung (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Lictor (1)
- Lieferkettengesetz (1)
- Life course perspective (1)
- Liktor (1)
- Local Autonomy Index (1)
- Low- and middle-income countries (1)
- Lucha antiterrorista (1)
- Luhmann (1)
- Ländlicher Raum (1)
- Managerialisierung (1)
- Massenmedien (1)
- Means-end chain analysis (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Mediation Analysis (1)
- Mediationsanalyse (1)
- Menschenrechte (1)
- Mercantilism (1)
- Migration, Deutsche Demokratische Republik, Mosambik, Schule der Freundschaft (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobilisierungsdynamiken (1)
- Moralische Intuition (1)
- Mozambique (1)
- Multimodal behavior (1)
- Multiple Imputation (1)
- Muscle torque (1)
- Muslims (1)
- NSU (1)
- Nachhaltige Entwicklung (1)
- Nachwuchswissenschaftler (1)
- Narrationen im Politikunterricht (1)
- Neoliberalism (1)
- Neoliberalism Populism theoretical framework (1)
- Network clustering (1)
- Neue Rechte (1)
- Nicht-Beherrschung (1)
- Nicht-ideale Theorie (1)
- Niklas (1)
- Normalisierung (1)
- Normalization (1)
- Objectivation (1)
- Objektivierung (1)
- Online disinhibition (1)
- Oprichnina (1)
- Opritschnina (1)
- Organisation (1)
- Organisationales Lernen (1)
- Organisationen (1)
- Organization theory (1)
- Organizational Learning (1)
- Organizational learning (1)
- Organizations and society (1)
- Othering (1)
- Paediatrics (1)
- Papst (1)
- Paris agreement (1)
- Partial organization (1)
- Partnership trajectories (1)
- Path modelling (1)
- Payment vehicle (1)
- Peer Effects (1)
- Peer-Effekte (1)
- Peer-to-peer (1)
- Perceived socioeconomic status (1)
- Pfadmodell (1)
- Philosophical perspectives (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Political logics (1)
- Politikdidaktik (1)
- Populism restated (1)
- Populismus (1)
- Position Generator (1)
- Poverty alleviation (1)
- Precautionary saving (1)
- President Trump (1)
- Presidents (1)
- Proceso debido (1)
- Pronouns (1)
- Protein complexes (1)
- Protein–protein interaction (1)
- Public organizations (1)
- R&D (1)
- Ragtime (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Rassismus (1)
- Redundancy (1)
- Reformresistenz (1)
- Regionalentwicklung (1)
- Regulatory focus (1)
- Rekonstruktion (1)
- Religionsfreiheit (1)
- Replication (1)
- Replikation (1)
- Republikanismus (1)
- Residential energy demand (1)
- Review (1)
- Right-Wing Terrorism (1)
- Risikoauferlegung (1)
- Risikofaktoren (1)
- Robot personality (1)
- SDG 11 (1)
- SDGs (1)
- Sanciones de la ONU (1)
- Scale development (1)
- Schülerorientierung (1)
- Scientific (1)
- Scientific advice (1)
- Scientific understanding of Information (1)
- Search Heuristics (1)
- Secondary Education Systems (1)
- Secretariat General (1)
- Sekundarbildungssysteme (1)
- Seniors (1)
- Sequence analysis (1)
- Serene Khader (1)
- Shari’a (1)
- Social (1)
- Social Class (1)
- Social and cognitive psychology (1)
- Social capital (1)
- Social movements (1)
- Social origin (1)
- Social stratification (1)
- Societal impacts (1)
- Sociology of social facts (1)
- South Africa (1)
- Soziale Bewegungen (1)
- Soziale Herkunft (1)
- Soziale Infrastruktur (1)
- Soziale Ungleichheit (1)
- Sozialer Survey Österreich (1)
- Sozialkapital (1)
- Species comparison (1)
- Stata ice (1)
- State and trait measurement (1)
- Statistical technologies of ordering (1)
- Statistische Ordnungstechniken (1)
- Studentenbewegung (1)
- Study (1)
- Suchheuristiken (1)
- Suizidprävention (1)
- Suizidrisiko (1)
- Survey (1)
- Survey Research Methods (1)
- Sustainable (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Symbolic capital (1)
- Symbolisches Kapital (1)
- Systemisches Risiko (1)
- Thomas theorem (1)
- Thomas-Theorem (1)
- Tracking (1)
- Truman doctrine (1)
- Trumponomics (1)
- Turkey (1)
- Turkish-Islamist ideology (1)
- Typologies of local government systems (1)
- U.S. and Germany (1)
- UN (1)
- UN sanctions (1)
- UNFCCC (1)
- USA (1)
- Uncanny valley (1)
- Uncaring (1)
- Unemotional (1)
- Universalismus (1)
- Usage (1)
- Vermögen (1)
- Verschwindenlassen (1)
- Verwaltungsreform (1)
- Voluntary global business initiatives (1)
- Voluntary simplicity (1)
- Vulnerability (1)
- Walking (1)
- Washington consensus Development aid (1)
- Well-being (1)
- WhatsApp (1)
- Wissenschaft (1)
- Wojciech Smarzowski (1)
- World Bank (1)
- Youth (1)
- abuse cycles (1)
- academic (1)
- acceptance of sexual (1)
- accountability (1)
- action problems (1)
- adaptation behavior (1)
- administrative reform (1)
- adolescence (1)
- adolescents (1)
- age (1)
- age-appropriate competence development (1)
- agent (1)
- agent-based modeling (1)
- aggressive cognitions (1)
- agile (1)
- alcohol (1)
- algorithmic contingency (1)
- alliances (1)
- allocation policies (1)
- analysis (1)
- antagonistic (1)
- argumentation research (1)
- assault (1)
- assessment (1)
- associative networks (1)
- attitudes (1)
- authority (1)
- automated text analysis (1)
- automatic evaluation (1)
- behavioral strategy (1)
- bibliometric analysis (1)
- binary systems (1)
- borderlands (1)
- bright side (1)
- business (1)
- business process management (1)
- capabilities framework (1)
- carbon pricing (1)
- cartel (1)
- case ecologies (1)
- categorization (1)
- centralization (1)
- characteristics (1)
- child (1)
- child protection (1)
- child's voice (1)
- childcare (1)
- children's participation (1)
- chronic illness (1)
- cities (1)
- class-specific analysis (1)
- classroom cultural diversity climate (1)
- climate policies (1)
- co-citation analysis (1)
- co-creation (1)
- co-occurrence analysis (1)
- co-ordination (1)
- coercion (1)
- coercive power (1)
- cohort (1)
- collaboration (1)
- collective consumption context (1)
- college students (1)
- collusion (1)
- colonialism (1)
- committee governance (1)
- comparative environmental politics (1)
- competence (1)
- competency framework (1)
- computer-assisted text analysis (1)
- concentrating solar power (1)
- confidence (1)
- conservative confidence limits (1)
- constitutions (1)
- consumer studies (1)
- consumption (1)
- contingencies (1)
- continuation thesis (1)
- contracts (1)
- contrastive empiricism (1)
- cosmopolitanism (1)
- counterterrorism (1)
- court files (1)
- coworking spaces (1)
- critical consciousness (1)
- critical theory (1)
- criticism of social psychology (1)
- cross-national (1)
- curtailment thesis (1)
- cyber humanistic (1)
- cyber-attack (1)
- cyberwar (1)
- dark side (1)
- data visualization (1)
- datafication (1)
- dating app use (1)
- decomposition methods (1)
- democratisation (1)
- demographic change (1)
- demography (1)
- deterrence (1)
- developing and emerging economies (1)
- development (1)
- developmental psychology (1)
- diaspora (1)
- dictator game (1)
- dictionary (1)
- didactic concept (1)
- didactic framework (1)
- diffusion (1)
- digital contact tracing (1)
- digital transformation (1)
- digitalisation (1)
- digitization (1)
- disability (1)
- discourse (1)
- discretion (1)
- division of labour (1)
- doctrine (1)
- donors (1)
- drivers (1)
- due process (1)
- early career scientists (1)
- ecological modernization (1)
- economic crisis (1)
- economic thought (1)
- elites (1)
- embodied power structures (1)
- embodiment (1)
- emigration and immigration (1)
- empirical implications of theoretical models (1)
- empirical research (1)
- employee training (1)
- employment services (1)
- enablement thesis (1)
- energetic systems (1)
- energy policy (1)
- entrepreneurship (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental degradation (1)
- environmental policy effects (1)
- environmental policy performance (1)
- epistemic injustice (1)
- equality law (1)
- ethnicity (1)
- evidence-based policy (1)
- executive personalism (1)
- experiences survey (1)
- expertise (1)
- extensive margin (1)
- fairness (1)
- family court (1)
- family workers (1)
- fehlende Werte (1)
- femininity (1)
- feminist standpoint theory (1)
- field (1)
- field theory (1)
- financial solidarity (1)
- firm behaviour (1)
- flexible pattern matching approach (1)
- floods (1)
- focus group (1)
- food and nutrition education (1)
- foreign policy (1)
- friendship (1)
- functional differentiation (1)
- funktionale Differenzierung (1)
- gender bias (1)
- gender composition (1)
- gender equality (1)
- gender inequalities (1)
- gender pay gap (1)
- gender segregation (1)
- gender social inequality (1)
- gender stereotypes (1)
- gender-specific occupational (1)
- gendered boundaries (1)
- geometric data analysis (1)
- global climate governance (1)
- global governance (1)
- globalization (1)
- gouvernance de comité (1)
- governance (1)
- harmonisation (1)
- haushaltsbezogene Bildung (1)
- head of state (1)
- health policy (1)
- heat demand (1)
- hermeneutical capability (1)
- hermeneutical injustice (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- history of the social sciences (1)
- homophily (1)
- honeymoon-hangover (1)
- horizontal and vertical movements (1)
- household types (1)
- housing sector (1)
- huella ecológica (1)
- human behaviour (1)
- human capital investments (1)
- human resources management (1)
- hybrid mobile application (1)
- ideology cri-tique (1)
- illusion of control (1)
- immigrants (1)
- implicit (1)
- implicit self-concept of personality (1)
- inclusion (1)
- income (1)
- indigenous rights (1)
- individual recovery (1)
- individuals living in single-parent households (1)
- industry development (1)
- informal (1)
- injury (1)
- inpatients (1)
- institutional entrepreneurship (1)
- institutional isomorphism (1)
- institutionelle Isomorphie (1)
- institutions (1)
- intention-behavior gap (1)
- intergroup contacts (1)
- international comparison; (1)
- international human rights (1)
- international humanitarian law (1)
- international organisations (1)
- intersectionality (1)
- introductory phase (1)
- investigative routines (1)
- invisibilities (1)
- issue salience (1)
- job changes (1)
- job satisfaction (1)
- junior scholars (1)
- knowledge building (1)
- knowledge management (1)
- labels (1)
- labor market (1)
- labour market (1)
- labour markets policies (1)
- language acquisition (1)
- language courses (1)
- latent impairment (1)
- law and technology (1)
- leadership (1)
- learning (1)
- learning environment (1)
- learning factory (1)
- learning scenario for manufacturing (1)
- legislatures (1)
- legitimation (1)
- life course (1)
- likability (1)
- limits (1)
- local climate policy making (1)
- locus of control (1)
- logics (1)
- lone actors (1)
- longitudinal (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- low-wage employment (1)
- lutte contre le terrorisme (1)
- management (1)
- manager decisions (1)
- managerialization (1)
- marketization (1)
- masculinity (1)
- media violence (1)
- memory (1)
- mental health (1)
- methodology (1)
- migrant background (1)
- migration (1)
- migration flows (1)
- migration transition (1)
- mobility (1)
- modernización ecológica (1)
- moral sociology (1)
- mortality (1)
- motivation (1)
- multi-level analysis;structure of the middle income class (1)
- multiculturalism (1)
- multilevel (1)
- multilevel governance (1)
- multiple correspondence analysis (1)
- narcissism (1)
- national ecological footprint (1)
- national identity (1)
- negotiating (1)
- network (1)
- new technologies (1)
- non-ideal theory (1)
- non-response (1)
- nonresponse bias (1)
- nonstate actions (1)
- nurses (1)
- nursing staff (1)
- objective labour market outcome (1)
- optimism (1)
- organic search (1)
- organisation (1)
- organization (1)
- overeducation (1)
- panel analysis (1)
- panel data (1)
- parental leave (1)
- parenthood (1)
- parenting stress (1)
- parliamentary democracy (1)
- parliamentary government (1)
- partnership trajectories (1)
- patterns of violence (1)
- perceived job insecurity/security (1)
- percept cycles (1)
- perception of robots (1)
- perceptions of inequality (1)
- performance (1)
- perpetration (1)
- phone (1)
- pioneering strategy (1)
- platform (1)
- police (1)
- policy agendas (1)
- policy competition (1)
- policy cycle (1)
- policy output (1)
- policy-making (1)
- political equality (1)
- political trust (1)
- política ambiental comparada (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- populist parties (1)
- post bureaucracy (1)
- post-bureaucracy (1)
- precedent (1)
- preference for agency (1)
- preferences (1)
- preparedness (1)
- prestige (1)
- prevalence (1)
- principal (1)
- prison (1)
- privacy calculus (1)
- privacy risks (1)
- probability samples (1)
- procédure officielle (1)
- productivity (1)
- professional identity (1)
- professionalization (1)
- project performance (1)
- prosocial behavior (1)
- prosopography (1)
- psychological distress (1)
- public (1)
- public sector choice (1)
- punishment (1)
- qualitative research (1)
- quality management (1)
- quality of friendship (1)
- quantitative research (1)
- race (1)
- race/ethnicity (1)
- racism (1)
- rape (1)
- reactionary mood (1)
- recall accuracy (1)
- reciprocity (1)
- referral propensity (1)
- reflection (1)
- reform resistance (1)
- refugee (1)
- regionalisation (1)
- regression tree (1)
- regulación estatal (1)
- regulation (1)
- regulations (1)
- reliability (1)
- renewable energy (1)
- representative real-time survey data (1)
- research challenges (1)
- resentment (1)
- resistance (1)
- responses (1)
- retrospective questions (1)
- return migration (1)
- risk attitudes (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk-factors (1)
- rural (1)
- sanctions (1)
- sanctions de l’ONU (1)
- satisfaction (1)
- scale development (1)
- scaling method (1)
- science mapping (1)
- science-policy interactions (1)
- scientific fields (1)
- self-employed (1)
- self-report measures (1)
- semi-parliamentarism (1)
- semi-parliamentary government (1)
- sentiment analysis (1)
- separation of powers (1)
- sequence (1)
- service business models (1)
- service motivation (1)
- sexual victimization (1)
- simulation model (1)
- single mothers (1)
- social categories (1)
- social construction (1)
- social inclusion (1)
- social inequality (1)
- social media advertising (1)
- social network analysis (1)
- social participation (1)
- social referrals (1)
- social stratification (1)
- socialization (1)
- sociology of social forms (1)
- sociometric nomination (1)
- soziale Klasse (1)
- sport profile (1)
- standpoint epistemology (1)
- state (1)
- statistical categorization (1)
- street-level bureaucracy (1)
- strength (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- subject-matter didactics (1)
- subject-oriented learning (1)
- subjective risk perception (1)
- suicid risk (1)
- suicide prevention (1)
- supply chain (1)
- surveillance (1)
- survey mode (1)
- systematic literature review (1)
- systems theory (1)
- teamwork (1)
- technical system (1)
- technological change (1)
- technological learning (1)
- term limits (1)
- territorial rights (1)
- text analysis (1)
- theory testing (1)
- trade (1)
- traits (1)
- transit migration (1)
- transnational city networks (1)
- transnational governance arrangements (1)
- transnationalization (1)
- transnormative sociology (1)
- treadmill of production (1)
- types of municipal administration (1)
- uncovered set (1)
- unit nonresponse (1)
- urban sustainability (1)
- value chain analysis (1)
- vements labour market occupational transitions (1)
- veto player theory (1)
- victimhood (1)
- victimization (1)
- virtual groups (1)
- vocational training (1)
- voice pitch (1)
- wealth (1)
- website stickiness (1)
- welfare (1)
- welfare state benefits (1)
- women (1)
- word embeddings (1)
- work-family policies (1)
- working hours (1)
- working time (1)
- young adults (1)
- youth characteristics (1)
- Öffentliche Organisationen (1)
- Öffentlichkeit (1)
- Überlegungsgleichgewicht (1)
Institute
- Sozialwissenschaften (95)
- Fachgruppe Soziologie (62)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (58)
- Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft (45)
- Zentrum für Sprachen und Schlüsselkompetenzen (Zessko) (17)
- Fachgruppe Volkswirtschaftslehre (15)
- Fachgruppe Betriebswirtschaftslehre (13)
- Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät (13)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (12)
- Extern (11)
- Department Psychologie (8)
- Department Erziehungswissenschaft (6)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (5)
- Institut für Künste und Medien (4)
- Department für Inklusionspädagogik (3)
- Institut für Germanistik (3)
- Öffentliches Recht (3)
- Gleichstellungsbeauftragte (2)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH (2)
- Historisches Institut (2)
- Institut für Slavistik (2)
- Philosophische Fakultät (2)
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (2)
- Bürgerliches Recht (1)
- Department Linguistik (1)
- Geschlechtersoziologie (1)
- Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik (1)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (1)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (1)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (1)
- Institut für Romanistik (1)
- Lehreinheit für Wirtschafts-Arbeit-Technik (1)
- Strukturbereich Bildungswissenschaften (1)
- Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung (ZeLB) (1)
- Zentrum für Qualitätsentwicklung in Lehre und Studium (ZfQ) (1)
Human after man
(2022)
Who suffered most?
(2022)
Objective:
This study examines gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parental psychological wellbeing (parenting stress and psychological distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
Background:
The dramatic shift of childcare and schooling responsibility from formal institutions to private households during the pandemic has put families under enormous stress and raised concerns about caregivers' health and wellbeing. Despite the overwhelming media attention to families’ wellbeing, to date limited research has examined parenting stress and parental psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Germany.
Method:
We analyzed four waves of panel data (N= 1,771) from an opt-in online survey, which was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable OLS regressions were used to estimate variations in the pandemic's effects on parenting stress and psychological distress by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
Results:
Overall, levels of parenting stress and psychological distress increased during the pandemic. During the first and third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers, parents with children younger than 11 years, parents with two or more children, parents working from home as well as parents with financial insecurity experienced higher parenting stress than other sociodemographic groups. Moreover, women, respondents with lower incomes, single parents, and parents with younger children experienced higher levels of psychological distress than other groups.
Conclusion:
Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parents' psychological wellbeing increased among the study participants during the pandemic.
This study examines how public policies affect parents' preferences for a more egalitarian division of paid and unpaid work. Based on the assumption that individuals develop their preferences within a specific policy context, we examine how changes in three policies affect mothers' and fathers' work-family preferences: the availability of high-quality, affordable childcare; the right to return to a full-time job after having reduced hours to part-time and an increase in the number of 'partner months' in parental leave schemes. Analysing a unique probability sample of parents with young children in Germany from 2015 (N = 1756), we find that fathers would want to work slightly fewer hours if they had the right to return to a full-time position after working part-time, and mothers would want to work slightly more hours if childcare opportunities were improved. Full-time working parents, moreover, are found to prefer fewer hours independent of the policy setting, while non-employed parents would like to work at least some hours. Last but not least, our analyses show that increasing the number of partner months in the parental leave scheme considerably increases fathers' preferences for longer and mothers' preferences for shorter leave. Increasing the number of partner months in parental schemes hence has the greatest potential to increase gender equality.
Risky journeys
(2022)
In response to well-documented harms inflicted on irregular migrants attempting to travel from West Africa to Europe, various actors have scaled up information interventions to counter misinformation by smuggling networks and facilitate safe migration decisions. Many interventions include information on the potential dangers involved in migration. However, there is a striking lack of empirical evidence assessing a key assumption of campaign effectiveness, that is the relationship between risk perceptions and the decision to migrate irregularly. This study contributes an empirical account based on two independently collected surveys in Senegal and Guinea. Consistent with rational choice theories on migration decisions under uncertainty, the results suggest that higher risk perceptions are consistently and strongly associated with reduced intentions to migrate irregularly. Yet, the explanatory power of risk perceptions depends on context and is generally less important than structural and socio-economic factors.
Phone surveys have increasingly become important data collection tools in developing countries, particularly in the context of sudden contact restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, there is limited evidence regarding the potential of the messenger service WhatsApp for remote data collection despite its large global coverage and expanding membership. WhatsApp may offer advantages in terms of reducing panel attrition and cutting survey costs. WhatsApp may offer additional benefits to migration scholars interested in cross-border migration behavior which is notoriously difficult to measure using conventional face-to-face surveys. In this field experiment, we compared the response rates between WhatsApp and interactive voice response (IVR) modes using a sample of 8446 contacts in Senegal and Guinea. At 12%, WhatsApp survey response rates were nearly eight percentage points lower than IVR survey response rates. However, WhatsApp offers higher survey completion rates, substantially lower costs and does not introduce more sample selection bias compared to IVR. We discuss the potential of WhatsApp surveys in low-income contexts and provide practical recommendations for field implementation.
One for all, all for one
(2022)
We propose a conceptual model of acceptance of contact tracing apps based on the privacy calculus perspective. Moving beyond the duality of personal benefits and privacy risks, we theorize that users hold social considerations (i.e., social benefits and risks) that underlie their acceptance decisions. To test our propositions, we chose the context of COVID-19 contact tracing apps and conducted a qualitative pre-study and longitudinal quantitative main study with 589 participants from Germany and Switzerland. Our findings confirm the prominence of individual privacy calculus in explaining intention to use and actual behavior. While privacy risks are a significant determinant of intention to use, social risks (operationalized as fear of mass surveillance) have a notably stronger impact. Our mediation analysis suggests that social risks represent the underlying mechanism behind the observed negative link between individual privacy risks and contact tracing apps' acceptance. Furthermore, we find a substantial intention–behavior gap.
Social theory has long predicted that social mobility, in particular downward social mobility, is detrimental to the well-being of individuals. Dissociative and “falling from grace” theories suggest that mobility is stressful due to the weakening of social ties, feelings of alienation, and loss of status. In light of these theories, it is a puzzle that the majority of quantitative studies in this area have shown null results. Our approach to resolve the puzzle is two-fold. First, we argue for a broader conception of the mobility process than is often used and thus focus on intragenerational occupational class mobility rather than restricting ourselves to the more commonly studied intergenerational mobility. Second, we argue that self-reported measures may be biased by habituation (or “entrenched deprivation”). Using nurse-collected health and biomarker data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010–2012, N = 4,123), we derive a measure of allostatic load as an objective gauge of physiological “wear and tear” and compare patterns of mobility effects with self-reports of health using diagonal reference models. Our findings indicate a strong class gradient in both allostatic load and self-rated health, and that both first and current job matter for current well-being outcomes. However, in terms of the effects of mobility itself, we find that intragenerational social mobility is consequential for allostatic load, but not for self-rated health. Downward mobility is detrimental and upward mobility beneficial for well-being as assessed by allostatic load. Thus, these findings do not support the idea of generalized stress from dissociation, but they do support the “falling from grace” hypothesis of negative downward mobility effects. Our findings have a further implication, namely that the differences in mobility effects between the objective and subjective outcome infer the presence of entrenched deprivation. Null results in studies of self-rated outcomes may therefore be a methodological artifact, rather than an outright rejection of decades-old social theory.
High-throughput proteomics approaches have resulted in large-scale protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks that have been employed for the prediction of protein complexes. However, PPI networks contain false-positive as well as false-negative PPIs that affect the protein complex prediction algorithms. To address this issue, here we propose an algorithm called CUBCO+ that: (1) employs GO semantic similarity to retain only biologically relevant interactions with a high similarity score, (2) based on link prediction approaches, scores the false-negative edges, and (3) incorporates the resulting scores to predict protein complexes. Through comprehensive analyses with PPIs from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Homo sapiens, we show that CUBCO+ performs as well as the approaches that predict protein complexes based on recently introduced graph partitions into biclique spanned subgraphs and outperforms the other state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we illustrate that in combination with GO semantic similarity, CUBCO+ enables us to predict more accurate protein complexes in 36% of the cases in comparison to CUBCO as its predecessor.
For many years scholars and politicians discuss the economic importance of the middle income class. Our article contributes to broaden the present state of research by not only examining the structure of the middle class whilst focusing on individual attributes, but by especially taking the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics and country-specific conditions into account. Based on the EU-SILC data 2020 for 17 countries, we analyze which factors affect the structure of the middle income class on the individual, on the occupational and country level. Our findings show that occupational attributes (e.g. part-time rate) prove to be highly relevant in this realm. Moreover, significant gender differences can be observed: women who work in an occupation which is mainly performed by women bear a higher risk of belonging to the lower income class as compared to men.
Immense uncertainty and the need for drastic interventions cause politicians to rely heavily on scientific advice for underpinning or legitimating their COVID-19 decision-making. This paper explores the role of scientific advice in this policy field in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK. It shows that scientific advice is based on the disciplinary, mainly medical, backgrounds of advisors but is also influenced by social and economic values, which are core to what politicians find important. During the pandemic a growing gap between scientific advice and political decisions is observed.
Schools are key contexts for the development of adolescents' critical consciousness. We explored how three dimensions of the classroom cultural diversity climate (critical consciousness, color-evasion, and multiculturalism) related to adolescents' critical reflection (i.e., perceived societal Islamophobia) and intended critical action (i.e., political activism). Our sample included adolescents experiencing high (second generation, Muslim, N = 237) versus low (non-immigrant descent, non-Muslim, N = 478) stigmatization in Germany. Multilevel analyses revealed that for both groups a critical consciousness climate, but not a color-evasive or a multicultural climate, was positively associated with perceived societal Islamophobia and intended critical action. Thus, to promote adolescents' critical consciousness, schools should go beyond emphasizing a common humanity and celebrating cultural diversity and include explicit discussions of social inequity.
Potentially disabled?
(2022)
Ten years ago, I was diagnosed with a rare illness called Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term neuromuscular autoimmune disease where antibodies block or destroy specific receptors at the junction between nerve and muscle; hence, nerve impulses fail to trigger muscle contractions. The disease leads to varying degrees of muscle weakness. Currently, I have only minor symptoms, I am not seriously impaired, and I do not suffer from any social disadvantage because of my illness. Yet, my life and my body since my diagnosis feel different than before. In this paper I aim to make this feeling intelligible and propose that it is a state of what I call ‘latent impairment’. Latent impairment is a state of being ‘in between’, different from being actually impaired and also different from being abled-bodied. The theory takes its cues both from social constructionist theories of disability as well as theories of (chronic) illness and their focus on the importance of subjectivity. Furthermore, I suggest that a phenomenological understanding of latent impairment can show possible ways of becoming an ally to the DRM.
Job satisfaction is a major driver of an individual’s subjective well-being and thus affects public health, societal prosperity, and organisations, as dissatisfied employees are less productive and more likely to change jobs. However, changing jobs does not necessarily lead to higher job satisfaction in the long run. Previous studies have shown, instead, that changing jobs only increases job satisfaction for a short period of time before it gradually falls back to similar levels as before. This phenomenon is known as the ’honeymoon–hangover’ pattern. In our study, we identify an important new moderator of the relation between job change and job satisfaction: the job–education match of job changes. Based on relative deprivation theory, we argue that job changes from being overeducated in a job lowers the likelihood of negative comparisons and thus increases the honeymoon period, lessens the hangover period, and increases long-term job satisfaction. We use data from the Socio-Economic Panel ranging from 1994–2018 and focus specifically on individual periods of employees before and after job changes (n = 134,404). Our results confirm that a change to a job that requires a matched education has a stronger and longer-lasting effect on job satisfaction, and that this effect is slightly lower for respondents born abroad.
Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy
(2022)
Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers.
Divorce à l’allemande
(2022)
Avec la création de l’Académie de sociologie (AS), le champ sociologique allemand compte désormais une nouvelle association professionnelle qui s’ajoute à la Société allemande de sociologie (DGS), établie de longue date. Cet article passe en revue les principales positions discursives, les sujets de controverse majeurs ainsi que les grandes lignes de fracture qui ont conduit à ce schisme. Les conflits contemporains sont interprétés au travers d’une représentation empirique du champ de la sociologie allemande. De manière générale, la sociologie allemande contemporaine apparaît une fois de plus dominée par deux camps opposés, arbitrairement définis mais puissants, qui se partagent la domination d’une discipline, pourtant réellement pluraliste.
Die Mehrheit aktueller Studien schätzt das Transformationspotenzial digitaler Technologien für Organisationen hoch ein. In Auseinandersetzung mit dieser Einschätzung entwickelt der Artikel eine konzeptionelle organisationssoziologische Perspektive auf das Verhältnis von Organisation und digitalen Technologien. Wir nutzen diese Perspektive, um den Fall des Predictive Policing in Deutschland zu betrachten und die Entscheidung zur Adaption der Technologie, ihre organisationale Situierung sowie die Rolle des Organisationstyps zu diskutieren. Unsere Perspektive führt zu einem zurückhaltenden Urteil über das Transformationspotenzial dieser digitalen Technologie, die wir daher als Reform unter anderen Reformen begreifen. Insgesamt argumentieren wir dafür, Digitalisierung stärker als bisher als heterogenen Prozess zu verstehen.
This article examines how challenger parties enter the political arena and the effect of this entry by looking at the Italian 5 Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle – M5S). We explain the M5S's entry strategy in 2013 using the spatial approach to party competition and employing expert survey data collected for each national election between 2008 and 2018. These data allow us to analyse the changing spatial configuration of Italian politics due to the increasing salience of pro/anti-EU and pro/anti-immigration dimensions. We then apply the theoretical notion of the uncovered set (UCS) to trace how the M5S's entry reshaped the overall space of party competition, causing a realignment of existing parties. This work contributes to the ongoing debate on the electoral success of challenger parties and the emerging cleavages and polarization of party systems in Western European countries.
In this paper, we show how socialist planning can be based on input-output data. We argue that the information required for this can be obtained by a central planning agency and thus dismiss Hayek’s information argument against socialism. We further show how economic planning can be made responsive to consumer demand through a feedback control mechanism. Output targets of products would be adjusted in response to observed consumer demand or based on predictions about future demand. Planners can use machine learning to make more accurate forecasts. The valuation of goods plays an important role in the feedback control mechanism. The values of goods can either be measured by the labour time necessary for their production (labour values) or through shadow prices based on linear programming.
Competence development must change at all didactic levels to meet the new requirements triggered by digitization. Unlike classic learning theories and the resulting popular approaches (e.g., sender-receiver model), future-oriented vocational training must include new learning theory impulses in the discussion about competence acquisition. On the one hand, these impulses are often very well elaborated on the theoretical side, but the transfer into innovative learning environments - such as learning factories - is often still missing. On the other hand, actual learning factory (design) approaches often concentrate primarily on the technical side. Subject-oriented learning theory enables the design of competence development-oriented vocational training projectsin learning factories in which persons can obtain relevant competencies for digitization. At the same time, such learning theory approaches assume a potentially infinite number of learning interests and reasons. Following this, competence development is always located in an institutional or organizational context. The paper conceptionally answers how this theoryimmanent challenge is synthesizable with the reality of organizationally competence development requirements.
Bei der Festsetzung des Gefahrtarifs steht den Unfallversicherungsträgern nach § 157 SGB VII ein weiter Gestaltungsspielraum zu. An Grenzen stößt er bei der Zusammenfassung verschiedener Gewerbezweige in einer Tarifstelle. Unternehmensarten, die ein vom Durchschnitt der Tarifstelle erheblich abweichendes Gefährdungsrisiko haben, steht ein Anspruch auf Verselbstständigung als eigene Tarifstelle oder auf Neuzuordnung zu einer anderen, passenderen Tarifstelle zu. Ein fester Grenzwert für eine nicht mehr zulässige Abweichung der Belastungsziffer von Unternehmen von der Belastungsziffer des Tarifstellendurchschnitts hat sich aber bislang nicht herausgebildet. Der vorliegende Teil I befasst sich mit dem rechtlichen Rahmen für die Tarifstellenbildung im Gefahrtarif. Teil II (abgedruckt in einem der nächsten Hefte der SGb 2023) geht auf den aktuellen Fall des 4. Gefahrtarifs der BG BAU ein.
Der Beitrag hat sich in Teil 1 (abgedruckt in SGb 2023, 461 ff.) dem rechtlichen Rahmen und den offenen Rechtsfragen bei der Gliederung des Gefahrtarifs nach Tarifstellen gewidmet. Teil 2 zeigt anhand des aktuellen Falls des 4. Gefahrtarifs der BG BAU, welche Rechtsfehler zur Rechtswidrigkeit von Gefahrtarifen führen.
Über kaum ein Thema werden so hitzige Debatten geführt wie über Geschlechtsidentität. Das Wissen darum, dass Gender sozial konstruiert ist, wird von Anti-Gender Aktivist*innen häufig als ‚Gender-Ideologie‘ bezeichnet und ruft heftige Gegenreaktionen hervor. Dies gilt nicht nur in Deutschland – sondern länderübergreifend. Auffällig viele der transnationalen Anti- Gender Mobilisierungen der letzten 20 Jahre finden bezogen auf Bildungseinrichtungen statt. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der besonderen Rolle der Universität und der Wissenschaft für transnationale Anti-Gender Diskurse. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele zeige ich auf, dass das Verhältnis zwischen Anti-Gender Bewegungen und Wissenschaft geprägt ist von widersprüchlichen Dynamiken, von Abgrenzung aber auch Imitation. In ihrem Zusammenspiel wirken beide Dynamiken mobilisierend und tragen zum Erstarken regressiver Rollenbilder und antidemokratischer rechter Bewegungen in der breiteren Gesellschaft bei. Der letzte Teil des Beitrags ruft daher zu mehr Selbstreflexion der wissenschaftlichen Praxis auf Grundlage feministischer und intersektionaler Ansätze auf.
This essay takes an Anglophone Cultural Studies approach to reflect on the interdependence among as well as the individual (implicit) impact of the elements constituting our (embodied) power structures. These are, e.g., bodily experience/s such as shame and fear, everyday and institutional discourses and practices, but also manifestations of differences and particularities that we transform into phenomena such as “norms”, “binary systems” and “binary organisations”. The analysis of seemingly cyclic “Othering processes” and patterns of violence shows how people who identify as trans*, inter*, or non-binary have to live through and embody epistemological, emotional, and/or physical violence. At the same time, the descriptions illustrate numberless potential forms of resistance and change.
This study analyses the impact of managers’ risk preferences on their training allocation decisions. We begin by providing nationally representative evidence that managers’ risk-aversion is negatively correlated with the likelihood that their firms engage in any worker training. Using a novel vignette study, we then demonstrate that risk-tolerant and risk-averse decision makers have significantly different training preferences. Risk aversion results in increased sensitivity to turnover risk. Managers who are risk-averse offer less general training and are more reluctant to train workers with a history of job mobility. Adopting a weighting approach to flexibly control for observed differences in the characteristics of risk-averse and risk-tolerant managers, we show that our findings cannot be explained by heterogeneity in either managers’ observed characteristics or the type of firms where they work. All managers, irrespective of their risk preferences, are sensitive to the investment risk associated with training, avoiding training that is more costly or that targets those with less occupational expertise or nearing retirement. This provides suggestive evidence that the risks of training are primarily due to the risk that trained workers will leave the firm (turnover risk) rather than the risk that the benefits of training do not outweigh the costs (investment risk).
Reply and Counter-Reply
(2023)
This article responds to critical reflections on my Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism by Sarah Birch, Kevin J. Elliott, Claudia Landwehr and James L. Wilson. It discusses how different types of representative democracy, especially different forms of government (presidential, parliamentary or hybrid), can be justified. It clarifies, among other things, the distinction between procedural and process equality, the strengths of semi-parliamentary government, the potential instability of constitutional designs, and the difference that theories can make in actual processes of constitutional reform.
Our study applies legitimacy theorizing to service research, zooming in on co-prosumption service business models, which reside on significant direct contacts among provider-actors and customers as well as fellow customers in the service space. Our findings are based on a longitudinal flexible pattern matching method on 17 coworking spaces. The service cocreation nuances the double role of customers as evaluators and cocreators of legitimacy. This is because customers can have immediate perceptions of the actions and values of the services in their legitimacy evaluation while cocreating the service. Legitimacy shaped via social and recursive processes occurs in three stages: provisional, calibrated, and affirmed legitimacy. Findings inform four trajectory mechanisms of value-in-use pattern provenance, emergent Business Model development adaptive to the spatial context and loyal customers, visible trances as well as inside-out and outside-in identification processes. Further, the processes in the micro-ecosystem of an interstitial service space can develop a superordinate logic which overlays the potentially present coopetive and heterogenous institutional logics and interests of service customers.
Behavioral strategy
(2023)
Purpose: Behavioral strategy, as a cognitive- and social-psychological view on strategic management, has gained increased attention. However, its conceptualization is still fuzzy and deserves an in-depth investigation. The authors aim to provide a holistic overview and classification of previous research and identify gaps to be addressed in future research.
Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a systematic literature review on behavioral strategy. The final sample includes 46 articles from leading management journals, based on which the authors develop a research framework.
Findings: The results reveal cognition and traits as major internal factors. Besides, organizational and environmental contingencies are major external factors of behavioral strategy.
Originality/value: To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first holistic systematic literature review on behavioral strategy, which categorizes previous research.
Review symposium
(2023)
Steffen Ganghof’s Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers (Oxford University Press, 2021) posits that “in a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not” (Ganghof, 2021). To consider, examine and theorise about this, Ganghof urges engagement with semi-parliamentarism. As explained by Ganghof, legislative power is shared between two democratically legitimate sections of parliament in a semi-parliamentary system, but only one of those sections selects the government and can remove it in a no-confidence vote. Consequently, power is dispersed and not concentrated in the hands of any one person, which, Ganghof argues, can lead to an enhanced form of parliamentary democracy. In this book review symposium, George Tsebelis, Michael Thies, José Antonio Cheibub, Rosalind Dixon and Daniel Bogéa review Steffen Ganghof’s book and engage with the author about aspects of research design, case selection and theoretical argument. This symposium arose from an engaging and constructive discussion of the book at a seminar hosted by Texas A&M University in 2022. We thank Prof José Cheibub (Texas A&M) for organising that seminar and Dr Anna Fruhstorfer (University of Potsdam) for initiating this book review symposium.
Web scraping, a technique for extracting data from web pages, has been in use for decades, yet its utilization in the field of migration, mobility, and migrant integration studies has been limited. The field faces notorious limitations regarding data access and availability, particularly in low-income settings. Web scraping has the potential to provide new datasets for further qualitative and quantitative analysis. Web scraping requires no financial resources, is agnostic to epistemic divides in the field, reduces researcher bias, and increases transparency and replicability of data collection. As large providers of digital data such as Facebook or Twitter increasingly restrict access to their data for researchers, web scraping will become more important in the future and deserves its place in the toolbox of migration and mobility scholars. This short and nontechnical methods note introduces the fundamental concepts of web scraping, provides guidance on how to learn the technique, showcases practical applications of web scraping in the study of migrant populations, and discusses potential future use cases.
Ausgehend von Bourdieus Kapitaltheorie diskutieren wir in diesem Beitrag, inwiefern ökonomisch verwertbare personenbezogene Daten als Fundament einer eigenständigen Form eines neuen digitalen Kapitals gesehen werden können. Als wertvolles und umkämpftes Gut entfaltet es in spezifischen Feldern eine soziale Wirkmächtigkeit und spiegelt sich in den Reproduktionsstrategien von Akteur*innen und korrespondierenden Ungleichheitsstrukturen.
Creativity is a crucial part of policy capacity in governments. Existing studies on creative behavior in the public sector assess employees' openness to new ideas and creative solutions, and they confirm the relevance of organizational and individual determinants for pro-creativity attitudes. Yet we lack systemic evidence on the explicit level of work-related creativity among policy officials in government organizations. At the same time, novel technologies and particularly social networking services change the working environment of policy officials radically, alter organizational features, and may also yield crucial individual effects. Our study analyses “policy creativity” of policy officials in three European governments. We demonstrate the importance of organizational and individual features, including the stress triggered by using social networking services. Our study captures officials' creativity explicitly and adds to debates on creativity and innovation in the public sector as well as the micro-level foundations of the digital transformation in the public sector.
Reformen bei Elterngeld und Ehegattensplitting könnten gleichstellungspolitische Impulse setzen
(2023)
Germany is characterised by large gender gaps in the labour market. Both the gender pay gap as well as the gender gap in working hours are among the highest in Europe. Family policy reforms such as increasing the parental leave period that is ear-marked for fathers as well as reducing the high marginal tax rates for secondary earners resulting from the joint taxation of married couples with full income splitting (“Ehegattensplitting”) could help to mitigate the existing gender gaps in the labour market. These reforms are also paramount due to the increasing labour scarcity stemming from the demographic change.
Structural duration conveys stability but also resilience in central government and is therefore a key issue in the debate on the structure and organization of government. This paper discusses three core variants of structural duration to study the explanatory relevance of politics. We compare these durations across ministerialunits in four European democracies (Germany, France, The Netherlands, and Norway) from 1980 to 2013, totaling over 17,000 units. Our empirical analyses show that cabinets’ ideological turnover and extremism are the most significant predictors of all variants of duration, whereas polarization in parliament as well as new prime ministers without office experience yield the predicted significant negative effects for most models. We discuss these findings and avenues for futureresearch that acknowledge the definition and measures for structural change as well as temporal aspects of the empirical phenomenon more explicitly.
There is a growing recognition that international organizations (IOs) formulate and adopt policy in a wide range of areas. IOs have emerged as key venues for states seeking joint solutions to contemporary challenges such as climate change or COVID-19, and to establish frameworks to bolster trade, development, security, and more. In this capacity, IOs produce both extraordinary and routine policy output with a multitude of purposes, ranging from policies of historic significance like admitting new members to the more mundane tasks of administering IO staff. This article introduces the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD), which covers close to 37,000 individual policy acts of 13 multi-issue IOs in the 1980–2015 period. The dataset fills a gap in the growing body of literature on the comparative study of IOs, providing researchers with a fine-grained perspective on the structure of IO policy output and data for comparisons across time, policy areas, and organizations. This article describes the construction and coverage of the dataset and identifies key temporal and cross-sectional patterns revealed by the data. In a concise illustration of the dataset’s utility, we apply models of punctuated equilibria in a comparative study of the relationship between institutional features and broad policy agenda dynamics. Overall, the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset offers a unique resource for researchers to analyze IO policy output in a granular manner and to explore questions of responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy of IOs.
When are international organizations (IOs) responsive to the policy problems that motivated their establishment? While it is a conventional assumption that IOs exist to address transnational challenges, the question of whether and when IO policy-making is responsive to shifts in underlying problems has not been systematically explored. This study investigates the responsiveness of IOs from a large-n, comparative approach. Theoretically, we develop three alternative models of IO responsiveness, emphasizing severeness, dependence, and power differentials. Empirically, we focus on the domain of security, examining the responsiveness of eight multi-issue IOs to armed conflict between 1980 and 2015, using a novel and expansive dataset on IO policy decisions. Our findings suggest, first, that IOs are responsive to security problems and, second, that responsiveness is not primarily driven by dependence or power differentials but by problem severity. An in-depth study of the responsiveness of the UN Security Council using more granular data confirms these findings. As the first comparative study of whether and when IO policy adapts to problem severity, the article has implications for debates about IO responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy.
The limitations and possibilities of the state in solving societal problems are perennial issues in the political and policy sciences and increasingly so in studies of environmental politics. With the aim of better understanding the role of the state in addressing environmental degradation through policy making, this article investigates the nexus between the environmental policy outputs and the environmental performance. Drawing on three theoretical perspectives on the state and market nexus in the environmental dilemma, we identify five distinct pathways. We then examine the extent to which these pathways are manifested in the real world. Our empirical investigation covers up to 37 countries for the period 1970–2010. While we see no global pattern of linkages between policy outputs and performance, our exploratory analysis finds evidence of policy effects, which suggest that the state can, under certain circumstances, improve the environment through policy making.
Im Zentrum dieser Forschungsnotiz steht die Frage nach der Bewertung von Einkommensungleichheit in der österreichischen Gegenwartsgesellschaft. Anhand von ISSP- und SSÖ-Daten können unsere Analysen diesbezüglich zeigen, dass Einkommensungleichheit von einer großen Mehrheit aktuell als zu hoch wahrgenommen wird. Zudem sehen die Menschen in Österreich sehr häufig den Staat in der Verantwortung Einkommensungleichheit abzubauen; viel häufiger als das in anderen europäischen Ländern der Fall ist. Während der Bereich Gesundheit und Pension seit Mitte der 1980er von der überwiegenden Mehrheit als staatliche Aufgabe gesehen wurde, liegt die Verantwortung für den Abbau von Einkommensungleichheit auf einem niedrigeren Zustimmungsniveau. Die Befürwortung der Absicherung von Arbeitslosen als Verantwortung des Staats nimmt aktuell eher ab, trotz der gestiegenen Arbeitslosigkeit zu Beginn der Pandemie. Schließlich zeigen unsere Regressionsanalysen, dass Unterschiede in der Beurteilung von Einkommensungleichheiten u. a. durch sozio-demographische Faktoren, die berufliche Stellung, das Haushaltseinkommen aber auch durch persönliche Einstellungen und Gerechtigkeitsüberzeugungen erklärt werden können.
Despite energy efficiency measures, global energy demand has gradually increased due to global economic growth and changes in consumer behavior. Even if people are aware of the problem and want to change their energy consumption, they have difficulty acting on their attitudes. This is called the attitude-behavior gap. To narrow this gap and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, behavioral interventions beyond technological advances must be considered. A promising intervention is nudging, which uses insights from behavioral economics to gently nudge individuals toward more sustainable choices. In this study, we investigate how modifying digital choice architectures with nudges can be used to influence consumer energy conservation behavior in smart home applications (SHAs). We conducted an online experiment with 391 participants to test the effectiveness of the following three digital nudges in an SHA: self-commitment, reminder, and social norm nudge. While the results of a structural equation model indicated no effect on bridging the gap between attitude and behavior, we found the potential to promote energy conservation with two nudge types. Thus, this paper makes substantial contribution to persuasive and information systems-enabled sustainability for a better world in the form of digital nudges for emerging technologies.
House price expectations
(2023)
This study examines short-, medium-, and long-run price expectations in housing markets. At the heart of our analysis is the combination of data from a tailored in-person household survey, past sale offerings, satellite imagery on developable land, and an information treatment (RCT). As novel finding, we show that price expectations show no evidence for momentum-effects in the long run. We also do not find much evidence for behavioural biases in expectations related to individual housing tenure decisions. Confirming existing findings, we find momentum-effects in the short-run and that individuals, to a limited extend, use aggregate price information to update local expectations. Lastly, we provide suggestive evidence corroborating existing findings that expectations are relevant for portfolio choice.
Keep on scrolling?
(2023)
Smartphones are an integral part of daily life for many people worldwide. However, concerns have been raised that long usage times and the fragmentation of daily life through smartphone usage are detrimental to well-being. This preregistered study assesses (1) whether differences in smartphone usage behaviors between individuals predict differences in a variety of well-being measures (between-person effects) and (2) whether differences in smartphone usage behaviors between situations predict whether an individual is feeling better or worse (within-person effects). In addition to total usage time, several indicators capturing the fragmentation of usage/nonusage time were developed. The study combines objectively measured smartphone usage with self-reports of well-being in surveys (N = 236) and an experience sampling period (N = 378, n = 5775 datapoints). To ensure the robustness of the results, we replicated our analyses in a second measurement period (surveys: N = 305; experience sampling: N = 534, n = 7287 datapoints) and considered the pattern of effects across different operational definitions and constructs. Results show that individuals who use their smartphone more report slightly lower well-being (between-person effect) but no evidence for within-person effects of total usage time emerged. With respect to fragmentation, we found no robust association with well-being.
Background:
Like most countries, Germany is currently recruiting international nurses due to staff shortages. While these are mostly academic, the academisation of nursing in Germany has only just begun. This allows for a broader look at the participation of migrant nurses: How do care teams deal with the fact that immigrant colleagues are theoretically more highly qualified than long-established colleagues?
Methods:
Case studies were conducted in four inpatient care teams of two hospitals in 2022. Qualitative data include 26 observation protocols, 4 group discussions and 17 guided interviews. These were analysed using the documentary method and validated intersubjectively.
Results:
Due to current academisation efforts in Germany and the immigration of academised nursing staff from abroad, the areas of activity and responsibility of nursing in Germany are under negotiating pressure. This concerns basic care for example, which in Germany is provided by skilled workers, but in other countries is mostly provided by assistants or relatives. The question of who should provide basic care, whether all nurses or only nursing assistants, documents the struggle between an established and a new understanding of care. In this context, the knowledge and skills of migrant and academicised care workers become a crucial aspect in the struggle for a new professional identity for care in Germany.
Conclusions:
The specific situation in Germany makes it possible to show the potential for change that international care migration can constitute for destination countries. The far-reaching process of change of German nursing is given a further dimension not only by its academization, but by the immigration of international and academically trained nursing staff, where inclusive or exclusive effects can already be observed.
Key messages: The increasing proportion of migrant nurses accelerates the current discussion on nursing in Germany. Conflict areas show up in everyday work of care teams and must be addressed there.
Einleitung
Pflege in Deutschland befindet sich in einem Veränderungsprozess. Die politisch forcierte Zuwanderung von Pflegekräften sowie die Akademisierung führen zu einem enormen Anpassungsdruck bei allen Beteiligten. Wie wirkt sich dies auf den Arbeitsalltag aus?
Methoden
Die qualitative Datenbasis umfasst bisher 36 Tage Teilnehmende Beobachtung, 17 Themenzentrierte Leitfadeninterviews sowie vier Gruppendiskussionen in vier Pflegeteams zweier Krankenhäuser. Die Analyse erfolgt mit der Dokumentarischen Methode.
Ergebnisse
Am Beispiel der Grundpflege (u. A. dem „Waschen“) wird deutlich, wie die Pflegeteams ihren Arbeitsalltag neu aushandeln. Die Teams mit einer hohen migrationsbezogenen Diversität argumentieren eher, dass die Aufgaben der Grund- und Behandlungspflege entsprechend der Qualifikation als Hilfs- oder Fachkraft erledigt werden sollen. Hier treten stereotype (kulturalisierende) Zuschreibungen in den Hintergrund. Demgegenüber berufen sich Pflegeteams mit einer niedrigen migrationsbezogenen Diversität eher darauf, dass die Grundpflege in Deutschland – anders als in anderen Ländern – zu den Aufgaben einer examinierten Pflegefachkraft zählt. Kolleg*innen aus dem Ausland wird die pflegerische Kompetenz daher eher abgesprochen.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Frage nach der Aufteilung von Grund- und Behandlungspflege, ist auf allen Stationen virulent. Die Teams entwickeln jedoch in Abhängigkeit von ihrer spezifischen Heterogenität unterschiedliche Umgangsweisen. Demzufolge sollte sich Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung insbesondere an den Pflegeteams orientieren.
In a comparison of three human service organisations in which the human body plays a key role, we examine how organisations regulate religious body practices. We concentrate on Muslim norms of dressing and undressing as a potential focal point of cultural and religious diversity. Inspired by Ray’s (2019) idea of racialized organizations, we assume that state-run organizations in Germany are characterized by a strong commitment to religious tolerance and non-discrimination but also marked by anti- Muslim sentiment prevalent among the German population. Our study looks for mechanism that explain how Human Service Organizations accommodate Muslim body practices. It draws on qualitative empirical data collected in state-run hospitals, schools and swimming pools in Germany. Our analyses show that the organizations draw on formal and informal rules at the organizational level to accommodate Islam. We identify five general organizational mechanisms that may hinder Muslim accommodation in human service organizations. In particular, we see a risk of decoupling between the expectation of religious tolerance and processes that lead to informal discrimination, driven mainly by the difficulty of controlling group dynamics among users.
A growing number of studies have recently postulated a so-called local turn in the study of immigrant and refugee integration policy. A fundamental, yet untested, assumption of this body of research is that local (sub-national) policies and administrations shape how migrants and refugees integrate into society. We develop and apply an analytical model using multilevel modeling techniques based on large-N, longitudinal survey data (N > 9000) with refugees (2012–2018) in a highly decentralized country (Germany) to estimate the scope for local policy effects net of individual-level and state- and district-level characteristics. We show that region and district-level variation in integration outcomes across multiple dimensions (employment, education, language, housing, social) is limited (∼5%) within 4–8 years after immigration. We find modest variation in policy indicators (∼10%), which do not appear to directly translate into outcomes. We discuss implications for the study of local policies and the potential for greater convergence between administrative and political science, interested in governance structures and policy variation, and sociology and economics, interested primarily in integration outcomes.
The digitization process has triggered a profound transformation of modern societies. It encompasses a broad spectrum of technical, social, political, cultural and economic developments related to the mass use of computer- and internet-based technologies. It is now becoming increasingly clear that digitization is also changing existing structures of social inequality and that new structures of digital inequality are emerging. This is shown by a growing number of recent individual studies. In this paper, we set ourselves the task of systematizing this new research within the framework of an empirically supported literature review. To do so, we use the PRISMA model for literature reviews and focus on three central dimensions of inequality - ethnicity, gender, and age - and their relevance within the discourse on digitization and inequality. The empirical basis consists of journal articles published between 2000 and 2020 and listed on the Web of Science, as well as an additional Google Scholar search, through which we attempt to include important monographs and contributions to edited volumes in our analyses. Our text corpus thus comprises a total of 281 articles. Empirically, our literature review shows that unequal access to digital resources largely reproduces existing structures of inequality; in some cases, studies report a reduction in social inequalities as a result of the digitization process.
Sanctions are critical to the Security Council's efforts to fight terrorism. What is striking is that the Council's sanctions regimes are subject to detailed sets of rules and decision criteria. The scholarship on human rights in counterterrorism assumes that rights advocacy and court litigation have prompted this development. The article complements this literature by highlighting an unexplored internal driver of legal-regulatory decision-making and explores how mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members have affected the extent of committee regulations and the content of decisions taken by sanctions committees. Based on internal documents and diplomatic cables, a comparative analysis of the Iraq sanctions regime and the counterterrorism sanctions regime demonstrates that mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members provide incentives to elaborate rules to guide decision-making resulting in legal-regulatory sanctions governance, even if the human rights of targeted individuals are not at stake. For comparative leverage and to assess the limits of the proposed mechanism, the analysis is briefly extended to other sanctions regimes targeting individuals (Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan). The findings have implications for this essential tool of the Security Council to react to threats to peace as diverse as counterterrorism, nonproliferation, and internal armed conflict.
Eskalation in Tweets
(2023)
Taxed fairly?
(2023)
Empirically, the poor are more likely to support increases in the level of tax progressivity than the rich. Such income-stratified tax preferences can result from differences in preferences of what should be taxed as argued by previous literature. However, it may also result from income-stratified perceptions of what is taxed. This paper argues that the rich perceive higher levels of tax progressivity than the poor and that tax perceptions affect individuals’ support for progressive taxation. Using data from an Austrian survey experiment, we test this argument in three steps: First, in line with past research, we show that individuals’ income positions are connected to individuals’ tax preferences as a self-interest rationale would predict. However, second, we show that this variation is mainly driven by income-stratified tax perceptions. Third, randomly informing a subset of the sample about actual tax rates, we find that changing tax perceptions causally affects support for redistributive taxation among those who initially overestimated the level of tax progressivity. Our results indicate that tax perceptions are relevant for forming tax preferences and suggest that individuals are more polarized in their perceptions of who pays how much taxes than in their support for who should pay how much tax.