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Expeditionen in die Fremde
(2011)
F. E. Peters stellt in seiner Studie Überlegungen zur Idiomatik und Phraseologie des Plattdeutschen an, der Muttersprache des Schriftstellers. Er plädiert dafür, das Plattdeutsche in seiner Besonderheit und unabhängig von Vergleichen mit dem Hochdeutschen zu bewerten und zu würdigen. Kürze, Prägnanz, Anschaulichkeit und intuitive Treffsicherheit des Plattdeutschen werden hervorgehoben und anhand von Beispielen aus dem Alltag belegt. Peters unterstreicht die sich in dem Bewahren von Formeln ausdrückende „einfältige Sprachfrömmigkeit“ des Plattdeutschen, für ihn ein Zeichen junger und primitiverer Sprachen, gewissermaßen „Sprach-Marionetten“ im Kleistschen Sinn ausgestattet mit der Anmut des Unbewussten.
Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers’ eyefixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses as new words are integrated, and retrieval, which quantifies comprehension difficulty in terms of working memory constraints. We examine the predictions of both metrics using a family of dependency parsers indexed by an upper limit on the number of candidate syntactic analyses they retain at successive words. Surprisal models all fixation measures and regression probability. By contrast, retrieval does not model any measure in serial processing. As more candidate analyses are considered in parallel at each word, retrieval can account for the same measures as surprisal. This pattern suggests an important role for ranked parallelism in theories of sentence comprehension.
There has been a substantial increase in the percentage for publications with co-authors located in departments from different countries in 12 major journals of psychology. The results are evidence for a remarkable internationalization of psychological research, starting in the mid 1970s and increasing in rate at the beginning of the 1990s. This growth occurs against a constant number of articles with authors from the same country; it is not due to a concomitant increase in the number of co-authors per article. Thus, international collaboration in psychology is obviously on the rise.