Extern
Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (721)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (403)
- Postprint (133)
- Review (122)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (17)
- Part of a Book (15)
- Part of Periodical (15)
- Conference Proceeding (10)
- Other (3)
- Working Paper (2)
- Master's Thesis (1)
Language
- German (721) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (721) (remove)
Keywords
- Lehrkräftebildung (11)
- Philosophie (9)
- philosophy (9)
- Reflexion (8)
- Reflexionskompetenz (8)
- Germany (7)
- Low German (6)
- Niederdeutsch (6)
- Baasdörper Krönk (5)
- Plattdeutsch (5)
- Sprachtherapie (5)
- Archiv (4)
- Demokratie (4)
- Feedback (4)
- Nachlass (4)
- Anthropologie (3)
- Brandenburg (3)
- China (3)
- Erster Weltkrieg <Motiv> (3)
- Fallarbeit (3)
- First World War <literary theme> (3)
- Informatik (3)
- Inklusion (3)
- Partizipation (3)
- Phraseologie (3)
- Realpolitik (3)
- anthropology (3)
- democracy (3)
- transatlantic relations (3)
- Akteure (2)
- Aphasie (2)
- Außenpolitik (2)
- Bauernroman (2)
- Beziehungsgestaltung (2)
- Biologiedidaktik (2)
- Deutschdidaktik (2)
- Digitale Medien (2)
- Digitalisierung (2)
- Diskriminierungsschutz (2)
- Dysarthrie (2)
- Döntje (2)
- EU (2)
- European foreign policy (2)
- G8 (2)
- German (2)
- German foreign policy (2)
- Goethe (2)
- Hochschule (2)
- ICF-CY (2)
- Interprofessionalität (2)
- Iran (2)
- Iraq war (2)
- Johann Wolfgang von (2)
- Kooperation (2)
- Kriegsgefangenschaft <Motiv> (2)
- Lehr-Lern-Labor-Seminar (2)
- Lehramtsstudierende (2)
- Luhnstedt (2)
- Max Scheler (2)
- Netzwerk (2)
- Phraseology (2)
- Pioniere (2)
- Praxissemester (2)
- Reflexionsförderung (2)
- Region (2)
- Russland (2)
- Selbsthilfe (2)
- Selbstreflexion (2)
- Stottern (2)
- Türkei (2)
- US foreign policy (2)
- Universitätsarchiv (2)
- Unterrichtsreflexion (2)
- Unterrichtsvideos (2)
- Vertragsarbeit (2)
- Vorschulalter (2)
- Wirtschaft (2)
- actor (2)
- anecdote (2)
- common foreign and security policy (2)
- digitalization (2)
- ePortfolio (2)
- ethnicity (2)
- foreign policy (2)
- forschendes Lernen (2)
- international understanding <literary theme> (2)
- network (2)
- pioneer (2)
- professionelle Wahrnehmung (2)
- region (2)
- rural novel (2)
- war captivity <literary theme> (2)
- Aberglaube <Motiv> (1)
- Abrüstung (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Absorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- Achtsamkeit (1)
- Achtsamkeitsübungen (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adaptive Lehrkompetenz (1)
- Alien Tort Statute (1)
- Alkoholismus <Motiv> (1)
- Amphiphiles (1)
- Anerkennung (1)
- Annotation (1)
- Anonymität (1)
- Anrechnung (1)
- Anti-Humanismus (1)
- Anwender*innenakzeptanz (1)
- Apps (1)
- Assessment-Feedback (1)
- Astronomie <Motiv> (1)
- Aufgabenkonzept (1)
- Ausbildungscoaching (1)
- Bachelorstudium (1)
- Bachmann (1)
- Baden-Wuerttemberg (1)
- Baden-Württemberg (1)
- Banken (1)
- Barrierefreiheit (1)
- Basalganglien (1)
- Bedeutung (1)
- Begleitseminar (1)
- Benachteiligtenförderung (1)
- Beobachten (1)
- Berufliche Bildung (1)
- Berufs- und Arbeitswelt (1)
- Berufsausbildung (1)
- Besonderheiten des Lehrberufs (1)
- Bildband (1)
- Bilderbogen (1)
- Bildungsroman (1)
- Bildungssprache (1)
- Brandenburgisch-Niederlausitzische Landesgeschichte (1)
- Brion (1)
- Bruegel (1)
- Bundesnachrichtendienst (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- COVID-19-Pandemie (1)
- Checkliste (1)
- Chor (1)
- Christmas <literary theme> (1)
- Christmas tradition (1)
- Climate Change (1)
- Coachingtools (1)
- Cochlea-Implantat (CI) (1)
- Common Foreign and Security Policy (1)
- Coracis garrulus (1)
- Critical Theory (1)
- DaZ-Unterricht (1)
- Daseinsvorsorge (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenbanken (1)
- Datennutzung (1)
- Datenschutz (1)
- Debugging (1)
- Denkmal (1)
- Denkmalpflege (1)
- Design-Based-Research (1)
- Design-based Research (1)
- Detlev von (1)
- Deutsch (1)
- Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache (1)
- Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache (DaFZ) (1)
- Deutsche Gebärdensprache (1)
- Didaktik (1)
- Digital Narratives (1)
- Digitales Beobachtungstool (1)
- Digitalität (1)
- Dingstruktur (1)
- Diskriminierungsverbot (1)
- Diskussionskultur (1)
- Distanzlehre (1)
- Doblin (1)
- Doeblin (1)
- Dreiecksgeschichte (1)
- Durchlässigkeit (1)
- Dysphagie (1)
- Döblin (1)
- Dünnschliffmikroskopie (1)
- E-Peer-Assessment (1)
- E. Berne (1)
- EMRK (1)
- Educational-Design-Research (1)
- Eigen- und Fremdreflexionen (1)
- Eigenverantwortung (1)
- Eigenvideografie (1)
- Eignungs- und Orientierungspraktikum (1)
- Eignungsreflexion (1)
- Einstellungen (1)
- Eitelkeit <Motiv> (1)
- Elternpartizipation (1)
- Emotionen (1)
- Englisch (1)
- Entfremdung (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Entwicklungsforschung (1)
- Entwicklungsstufen (1)
- Erbfolge <Motiv> (1)
- Erfahrungslernen (1)
- Erfolgsmessung (1)
- Erniedrigung <Motiv> (1)
- Esau <Motiv> (1)
- Esau <literary theme> (1)
- Ethnien (1)
- Europe (1)
- Exil (1)
- Exile (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Exzentrizität (1)
- Fachdidaktik (1)
- Fachdidaktische Reflexion (1)
- Fachinformatik (1)
- Fachinformatiker (1)
- Fachpraktikum (1)
- Faktorenanalyse (1)
- Fallverstehen (1)
- Fluoreszenzspektroskopie (1)
- Forschungsdesiderate (1)
- Fortschritt <Motiv> (1)
- Fragebogen (1)
- Fremdsprachenunterricht (1)
- Friederike (1)
- Friedland (1)
- Friedrich (1)
- Friedrich Ernst / Autobiographie Luhnstedt (1)
- Friedrich Nietsche (1)
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1)
- Frühförderung (1)
- Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung (1)
- Förderung von Reflexivität (1)
- Galactosides (1)
- Ganymed in den Fängen des Adlers (1)
- Geiz <Motiv> (1)
- Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik (1)
- Geopolitik (1)
- Geowissenschaften (1)
- Gerechtigkeit (1)
- Gerhard (1)
- German Foreign Policy (1)
- Gershom Scholem (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Geschlechterunterschiede (1)
- Geschlechtsidentität (1)
- Globalisisierung (1)
- Globalization (1)
- Glycoconjugates (1)
- Glycopeptides (1)
- Goethe-Rezeption (1)
- Gottesurteil (1)
- Grenzüberschreitende Flüsse (1)
- Grundschulpädagogik (1)
- Gute-Praxis-Beispiele (1)
- H5P (1)
- HEI (1)
- Handlungsschritte (1)
- Hans (1)
- Hebbel (1)
- Heimatdichtung (1)
- Helmuth Plessner (1)
- Heterogenität (1)
- History of Philosophy (1)
- Hochdeutsch (1)
- Holtorf (1)
- Human Rights Litigation (1)
- Huminstoffe (1)
- IRF-Sequenz (1)
- ISSEP (1)
- Identität (1)
- Idiomatik (1)
- Idiomology (1)
- Imagism (1)
- Imagismus (1)
- India (1)
- Indien (1)
- Indonesia (1)
- Informatics Education (1)
- Informatik B. Sc. (1)
- Informatikstudium (1)
- Innenpolitik (1)
- Interaktionsanalyse (1)
- Interdisziplinarität (1)
- Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit (1)
- International Organisations (1)
- International Relations (1)
- International law (1)
- Internationale Organisationen (1)
- Internationaler Pakt über bürgerliche und politische Rechte (1)
- Internationales Privatrecht (1)
- Interventionen (1)
- Interventionsseminar (1)
- Inverted Classroom (1)
- Inverted Classroom Modell (1)
- Iraq crisis (1)
- Islam (1)
- Islamische Republik Iran (1)
- Isotopie (1)
- J. J. (1)
- Jagdunfall <Motiv> (1)
- Jahn (1)
- Jakob von Uexküll (1)
- Jewish Mysticism (1)
- Julius (1)
- Jüdische Mystik (1)
- KI (1)
- KI-basierte Anwendungen (1)
- Kabbala (1)
- Kabbalah (1)
- Kaukasus (1)
- Kiezdeutsch (1)
- Kindertherapie (1)
- Kindesalter (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Kohärenz (1)
- Kohärenz über die Praxisphasen (1)
- Kolmogorov-Gleichung (1)
- Kommune (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kommunikative Partizipation (1)
- Kompetenz (1)
- Kompetenzen (1)
- Kompetenzerwerb (1)
- Kompetenzorientierung (1)
- Kompetenzraster (1)
- Kontingenz (1)
- Konversionsmaßnahmen (1)
- Konzeptionelle Überlegungen (1)
- Kooperationslabor (1)
- Kriegsgefangener <Motiv> (1)
- Kritische Theorie (1)
- Kröger (1)
- LGBTQI+-Rechte (1)
- Langbehn (1)
- Lautes Denken (1)
- Lautstärkeverarbeitung (1)
- Learning Analytics (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Lehr- und Lernformate (1)
- Lehr-/Lernkonzept (1)
- Lehr-Lern-Labor (1)
- Lehramtsstudium (1)
- Lehrhospitation (1)
- Lehrkonzept (1)
- Lehrkräfteausbildung (1)
- Lehrkräftemangel (1)
- Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung (1)
- Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung für Inklusion (1)
- Lehrpersonenbildung (1)
- Lehrämtervergleich (1)
- Lern-Infrastruktur (1)
- Lernerfolg (1)
- Lerntagebuch (1)
- Lernumgebungen (1)
- Lernzentrum (1)
- Leseleistung (1)
- Lichtstreuung (1)
- Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz (LkSG) (1)
- Liliencron (1)
- Lumineszenz (1)
- Machbarkeitsstudie (1)
- Mann (1)
- Martin Heidegger (1)
- Massenvernichtungswaffen (1)
- Mathematikunterricht (1)
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1)
- Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (1)
- Medien (1)
- Mediendidaktische Reflexion (1)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (1)
- Meißenheim (1)
- Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (1)
- Menschenopfer <Motiv> (1)
- Menschenrechtsbeschwerde (1)
- Menschenrechtsklage (Human Rights Litigation) (1)
- Mentalität (1)
- Meta-Reflexivität (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Militär <Motiv> (1)
- Mineralogie (1)
- Mobiles Lernen (1)
- Morbus Parkinson (1)
- Moritz (1)
- Multiethnolekt (1)
- Multilateralismus (1)
- Multiparadigmatik (1)
- Musik (1)
- Musikunterricht (1)
- NATO (1)
- NGOs (1)
- Neuruppin (1)
- Nikolaus (1)
- Norddeutschland (1)
- Northern Germany (1)
- Online Self Assessment (1)
- Online-Self-Assessment (1)
- Open-Source-Software H5P (1)
- Osteuropa (1)
- Partizipationsmodell (1)
- Partizipatives Lernen (1)
- Peer Instruction (1)
- Peer-Befriending (1)
- Peer-Review (1)
- Personas (1)
- Personenorientierung (1)
- Perspektivenübernahme (1)
- Peters (1)
- Philosophiegeschichte (1)
- Philosophy of Religion (1)
- Physik (1)
- Pieter de Oudere/Der Sturz des Ikarus (1)
- Pieter de Oudere/Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (1)
- Pilotstudiengang (1)
- Podcast (1)
- Poland (1)
- Polen (1)
- Politisches System (1)
- Post-structuralism (1)
- Poststrukturalismus (1)
- Praxis-Theorie-Verknüpfung (1)
- Praxisphasen (1)
- Praxisreflexion (1)
- Private International Law (conflict of laws) (1)
- Privatisierung (1)
- Problembasiertes Lernen (1)
- Professional Vision (1)
- Professionalisierung (1)
- Professionalisierung der Hochschullehre (1)
- Prozesskontrolle (1)
- Querschnittskompetenzen (1)
- Rape of Ganymede (1)
- Ratgeber (1)
- Recht auf Achtung des Privat- und Familienlebens (1)
- Recht auf Kenntnis der eigenen Abstammung (1)
- Reflektieren (1)
- Reflexionsanlässe (1)
- Reflexionsanregung (1)
- Reflexionsbogen (1)
- Reflexionsebenen (1)
- Reflexionsfähigkeit (1)
- Reflexionsqualität (1)
- Reflexivität (1)
- Regionalmacht (1)
- Regionalökonomik (1)
- Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II) (1)
- Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 (Brussels Ibis) (1)
- Relflexion des Lehrhandelns (1)
- Religionsphilosophie (1)
- Rembrandt <<Harmensz van Rijn> (1)
- Resonanz (1)
- Ressource (1)
- Restaphasie (1)
- Rhythmustraining (1)
- Romantheorie (1)
- Romanticism (1)
- Romantik (1)
- Rundfunk (1)
- Russia (1)
- SAK (1)
- SES (1)
- Sachunterricht (1)
- Samen- und Eizellenspende (1)
- Schicksalswürdigkeit (1)
- Schlüsselfiguren (1)
- Schriftsteller <Motiv> (1)
- Seminarkonzept (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Sicherheit (1)
- Sievers (1)
- Situationsrelevanz (1)
- Smartness (1)
- Sorbisch-Deutsch-Jüdische Kulturkontakte (1)
- Sorgeberechtigte (1)
- Sozialer Aufstieg (1)
- Sprachentwicklung (1)
- Sprachentwicklungsstörung (1)
- Sprachförderung (1)
- Sprachsensibilität (1)
- Sprechmotorik (1)
- Staatsanleihen (1)
- Staatsverschuldung (1)
- Standardsprachideologie (1)
- Staunen (1)
- Steroid esters (1)
- Stochastische Analysis (1)
- Strukturlegetechnik (1)
- Strukturtheorie (1)
- Stud.IP (1)
- Student Engagement (1)
- Studienabbruch (1)
- Studienanfänger*innen (1)
- Studieneingangsphase (1)
- Studiengestaltung (1)
- Studienmotivation (1)
- Studienreise in den Iran (1)
- Studienverläufe (1)
- Studium (1)
- Summenparameter (1)
- Süd- und Mittelamerika (1)
- Teatro Olimpico (1)
- Terrorismus (1)
- Tersteegen (1)
- Themenzentrierte Interaktion (1)
- Theodor W. Adorno (1)
- Therapie (1)
- Therapieformate (1)
- Thomas (1)
- Thomas / Der Zauberberg (1)
- Thomas / Versuch über das Theater (1)
- Timm (1)
- Tourismus (1)
- Transaktionsanalyse (1)
- Transdisziplinarität (1)
- Transformation (1)
- UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) (1)
- UN-Leitprinzipien für Wirtschaft und Menschenrechte (UNGP) (1)
- Umfrage (1)
- Umsetzung (1)
- United States (1)
- Unterrichtsanalyse (1)
- Unterrichtsaufgaben (1)
- Unterrichtsplanungsfähigkeit (1)
- Unterrichtswahrnehmung (1)
- Unterstützte Kommunikation (1)
- VERA (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Verhaltensintention (1)
- Verordnung (EG) 864/2007 (Rom II) (1)
- Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1215/2012 (Brüssel Ia) (1)
- Verständigungsroman (1)
- Vertrag von Lissabon (1)
- Verträge (1)
- Vicenza (1)
- Videografie (1)
- Videovignetten (1)
- Vignetten (1)
- Vincent (1)
- Vorbereitungsdienst (1)
- Vorkenntnisse (1)
- Vornamen (1)
- Vorwissen (1)
- Völkerverständigung <Motiv> (1)
- Wahrnehmen (1)
- Wasserkonflikte (1)
- Wasserversorgung (1)
- Weihnachten <Motiv> (1)
- Weihnachtsbrauch (1)
- Weltbeziehungssoziologie (1)
- Welthandel (1)
- Wissenschaft (1)
- Wissenstransfer (1)
- Wolfgang (1)
- World Trade (1)
- Zapatistas (1)
- Zusammenarbeit (1)
- Zusatzprotokoll (1)
- Zyklusmodell (1)
- adaptive Erklärkompetenz (1)
- advancement (1)
- akzessorisch (1)
- alcoholism <literary theme> (1)
- anti-humanism (1)
- area studies (1)
- astronomy <literary theme> (1)
- attitudes (1)
- avarice <literary theme> (1)
- banking (1)
- berufliche Schulen (1)
- berufliches Lehramt (1)
- berufsbiographischer Ansatz (1)
- bimodale Bilingualitäte (1)
- bio-psycho-soziales Modell der ICF (1)
- broadcasting (1)
- civil war (1)
- democratisation (1)
- deutsch-polnische Grenzregion (1)
- didactics (1)
- digitale Lernumgebung (1)
- digitale Transformation (1)
- digitales interaktives Lernmaterial (1)
- digitales soziales Netzwerk (1)
- eccentricity (1)
- emotionale Schulerfahrungen (1)
- erste Phase der Lehrer:innenbildung (1)
- erste Phase der Lehrkräftebildung (1)
- ethics (1)
- ethischer Relativismus (1)
- examples of best practice (1)
- fachdidaktische Entwicklungsforschung (1)
- feminism (1)
- first names (1)
- fiscal capacity (1)
- fiskalische Kapazität (1)
- flood response (1)
- foreign language teaching (1)
- future of capitalism (1)
- fächerverbindend (1)
- gehörlos (1)
- gender (1)
- german unification process (1)
- globale Aphasie (1)
- globalization (1)
- grenzüberschreitende Daseinsvorsorge (1)
- grenzüberschreitende Kooperation (1)
- home range (1)
- human rights (1)
- human sacrifice <literary theme> (1)
- humiliation <literary theme> (1)
- hunting accident <literary theme> (1)
- hydrological model (1)
- immigration (1)
- implementation (1)
- inclusive education (1)
- individuelle Lernwege (1)
- information structure (1)
- informatische Grundkompetenzen (1)
- intelligence service (1)
- international (1)
- international politics (1)
- international relations (1)
- international security (1)
- internationale Politik (1)
- justice (1)
- kasuistische Lehrkräftebildung (1)
- kommunikative Partizipation (1)
- kriteriengeleitete Reflexion (1)
- language change (1)
- leader (1)
- learning theory (1)
- loi de vigilance (1)
- love triangle (1)
- ländliche Räume (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- meaning (1)
- media (1)
- mentality (1)
- military <literary theme> (1)
- multiethnolect (1)
- multilaterism (1)
- municipality (1)
- neighborhood German (1)
- neue Technologien (1)
- norms (1)
- novel of formation (1)
- object culture (1)
- ordeal (1)
- phraseology (1)
- poet <literary theme> (1)
- political economy (1)
- political science (1)
- political system (1)
- political theory (1)
- politische Entwicklungen (1)
- politische Theorie (1)
- polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- predictability (1)
- preferential flow (1)
- prisoner of war <literary theme> (1)
- professionalisation of teaching in higher education (1)
- professionelle Handlungskompetenz (1)
- professionelle Handlungskompetenzen (1)
- progress <literary theme> (1)
- public debt (1)
- qualitativ-rekonstruktive Methoden der Sozialforschung (1)
- reception of Goethe (1)
- reflexionsbezogene Lerngelegenheit (1)
- reflexive Grundhaltung (1)
- reflexive Inklusion (1)
- reflexiver Habitus (1)
- reflexives Schreiben (1)
- regional literature (1)
- relfection on teaching (1)
- resource (1)
- rural areas (1)
- scale (1)
- sensomotorische Synchronisation (1)
- sexuelle Orientierung (1)
- sheet of pictures (1)
- smart region (1)
- smarte Region (1)
- smartness (1)
- social network (1)
- sovereign exposure (1)
- soziale Bewegungen (1)
- soziales Netzwerk (1)
- standard language ideology (1)
- studentische Forschung (1)
- subjektwissenschaftliche Lerntheorie (1)
- succession <literary theme> (1)
- superstition <literary theme> (1)
- systemic risk (1)
- systemisches Risiko (1)
- technical progress (1)
- technischer Fortschritt (1)
- territorial behaviour (1)
- territory (1)
- terrorism (1)
- theoriegeleitete Praxisphasen (1)
- theory of the novel (1)
- therapeutisches Milieu (1)
- transatlantic relationship (1)
- transformation (1)
- transformation of communist states (1)
- transformatorische Bildung (1)
- universitäre Lehrkräftebildung (1)
- vanity <literary theme> (1)
- variabler Unterrichtsmodus (1)
- verb placement in Germanic (1)
- videobasierte Unterrichtsreflexion (1)
- war (1)
- welfare state (1)
- wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (1)
- wissenschaftliches Schreiben (1)
- world order (1)
- worthiness for fate (1)
Institute
- Extern (721) (remove)
Aus dem Inhalt: Die Juvenilhormone 1a-c werden im Blut von Insekten enzymatisch zu den biologisch inaktiven Sluren hydrolysiert. Bei der Hydrolyse von racemischem 1c im Blut der Wanderheuschrecke Locusta migratoria wird ein Umsatz von 40-60% erreicht. Das unumgesetzte Edukt enthällt einen Überschuß an natürlich konfiguriertem (10R)-1c (e.e. 47.2%). Wir konnten zeigen, daß das in der Hämolymphe vorhandene Hormon-Bindungsprotein bevorzugt mit (10R)- 1c assoziiert.
The synthesis of galactose clusters that are linked to a steroid moiety by a peptide-like spacer unit is described. The galactose cluster is obtained by Koenigs-Knorr glycosylation of TRIS-Gly-Fmoc (2b) under Helferich conditions. Peptide and ester bonds are formed after activation of carboxylic acids as diphenylthiophene dioxide (TDO) esters. 6a is synthesized in a convergent way by coupling of (Ac4Gal)3-TRIS-Gly (3e) with cholesteryl TDO succinate (5b). Coupling of (Ac4Gal)3-TRIS-Gly hydrogen succinate (3f) with Gly-O-Chol (5d) by means of EEDQ yields 6d. Reaction of (Ac4Gal)3-TRIS-Gly-SUCC-O-TDO (3g) with 25-hydroxycholesterol leads in a linear sequence to the oxysterol derivative 6f. Selective cleavage of the acetyl groups from galactose units yields the known compound 6b and the new derivatives 6e and 6g.
The dramatic changes in international relations characterized by the terms "Complex Interdependence" and "Segmentary Globalization" call for new explanation. The author considers the post-modern approaches, a critical analysis of which he presents, to be one possibility to do that. In studies of international policy, these post-modern influences are gaining ground in disputes with realistic and neo-realistic approaches, and they can also clearly be felt in Latin America. Tomassini, based on the historic experiences of Latin America, forcefully calls for an active and constructive incorporation of the region into international developments. For that, Latin-American societies have to establish modern, and open political as well as economic systems which are able to meet those challenges.
Taking the visit of Erich Honecker to China as an example, the author analyses the bilateral GDR-Chinese relations in the 1980s. Based on extensive original research, the objectives as well as disappointed hopes are presented. The author reveals that not Honecker played the "Chinese Card", but he himself became part of Chinese politics. At the same time, the contradictory reaction to that visit in Moscow are documented when, with the election of Gorbachev, first signs of a change in Soviet policy toward China were indicated. Jahresabo: 40,00 € (ermäßigt: 25,00 €)
Underlying the importance of revenue the author discusses the future of the international order from the perspective of political economy. The international system will not be a capitalist one. Political conflicts will not be removed by nonviolent market regulations. Weakness of labour force and a dominant role of revenue will further more result in political interventions by nation states. The struggle for revenue to maintain comparative advantages in high-tech-development strengthens state intervention in order to protect domestic market. The failure of the "development state" in the third world and the rising of fundamentalistic tendencies supported by a market-oriented middle class will increase conflicts in those regions.
Although without providing a systematical comparison, it has become clear that the sects or party-factions of Japan’s New Left movement are by no means merely copies of their counterparts in the West. On the other hand their conduct may not be judged as to be a unique Japanese phenomenon. What they embody is, on the whole, a complex symbiosis of universal and particularly Japanese features, which can be observed in the fields of social behavior, organizational structure, and group dynamics. The particularity of the New Left factions is mostly revealed through the higher intensity of specific features rather than through pecularities found only in Japan.
Flight and expulsion are and will remain important international problems. The existence of refugees is a result of unsolved domestic tasks. Thus, effective solutions require comprehensive and long-term strategies. So far the efforts to reduce the causes of escape have not been sufficient. In the current refugee crises millions of people can survive only with the help of an efficient international system (for example the UNHCR) that guarantees humanitarian aid and protection. However, this system has turned out to be inadequate although the potential of preventive action is sufficient to reach a major progress in diminishing the refugee problem.
There has never been a theory of transition from really existing Socialism to a democratic and market-oriented system. Different theoretical approaches are taken into consideration by the author. Experiences of other transitional processes are practicable on Eastern Europe in a limited way. The missing of socio-structural differentiation, the socio-cultural consequences of the really existing Socialism and the international conditions did not promote the transition. It seems that the transition in Eastern Europe is obviously not a change from one political system to another one, but for the time being an open process.
Based on the discussion on Germany´s new 'central location', the author tries to sketch Germany´s geopolitical position in view of the constellation of powers in Europe from a national point of view. This favourable position offers a great chance for the country to play an active role in Europe’s integration. However, German historical heritage as well as the delicate relationship of Germany´s political elite to the use of power are reasons for the country´s hesitation to fulfill her neighbours’ and her allies’ expectations. Anyhow, Summaries 192 rooted in the West-European and transatlantic integration is Germany the natural dooropener for its Eastern, South-Eastern and Baltic neighbours to become 'members of the club'. )</a> Jahresabo: 40,00 € (ermäßigt: 25,00 €)
The Chinese coastal cities play an increasing economic role in the Yellow Sea region. The inclusion of these cities into the intra Asian economic cooperation is accomplished not only in the conventional sphere of trade but also by a growing involvement in telecommunication networks, technological exchange and the circulation of human resources. That is why these cities emerge as autonomous actors in the East Asian integration process. In this context national states face deep structural change, especially in the field of sovereignty and territory. Concerning the internal situation of China, this change could also cause a turn over of the relationship between the central government and the regions.
The article argues that the concept of statehood is not functioning any longer. It exists a crisis for the international legal order which is represented by the failure of state to maintain order within its borders. The problem of violence in international relations are connected to the implosion of a considerable number of the state entities in the contemporary international society. The federalist institutional approach in international law and international theory could not contribute in an appropriate way to the solution of the "problem of violence", because it supposes a willingness on the part of states to do so. Only the concept of "national interest", in a sociological sense, connected to the development of a discource of solidarity and mutual responsibility between the "West" and the "rest of the world" offers the possibility to create a common consciousness which could make it easier to overcome the contemporary crises for the international legal order.
The failure of politics is closely connected with deeply rooted misconceptions about the term politics. The author argues that a re-reading of Immanuel Kant's work "The Perpetual Peace" written 200 years ago offers a challenging possibility for a new conceptualization of politics, morality and peace. Morality is seen by Kant as an essential dimension of politics and the implementation and acknowledgement of laws by moral demands is defined as a precondition for a community of free citizens. In its public discourse politics does require law and morality. Deriving future rights from existing laws is one of the most favored argumentation used by politicians in the public. If the needs of law and justice are interpretated by politicians in their own interest, i.e. above all guarantees for the realization of political selfdetermination, then a real chance will exist for improving peace in the future.
There is sufficient evidence of integration processes in the Asia-Pacific rim. But these processes differ profoundly from the European case. On the other hand integration theory up to the present day has been based mainly on the European evidence. Does this mean, that conventional integration theory is irrelevant in the case of the Asia-Pacific development? This contributuion tries to re-examine the theoretical capacity of various approaches (institionalism, functionalism, regionalism, flying geese pattern, regime-theory) when applied to the realities of transnational interaction and international organization in the Asia-Pacific rim.
The post cold war world order is popularly discussed in terms of what Samuel Huntington has called the "clash of civilizations". The authors hold that Huntington is just a prominent example of the trend which constructs geopolitical identities based on ethnic definitions of world regions, where ethnicitiy is understood to be a primordial, transhistorical and static understanding of cultural identities. In their paper, they extensively deconstruct this concept of ethnicity, drawing parallels with the history of nationalism and nation-building, and analyze its functions for legitimizing projects of building exclusive economic blocs in Europe, America and Pacific Asia. At present, ethnic concepts of world regions are competing with liberal, non-ethnic identities of the three world regions. Finally, the dangerous potentials of ethnic regionalization are discussed. From a peace research perspective, support for a common global identity of "mankind" is strongly advocated.
The fatal "eye disease" that afflicts Realists and Neorealists, and even infects some self-styled Institutionalists and Constructivists, has several causes. In his polemical essay, the author defines these as historicism, the legalistic bias, the underestimation of non-state actors and the overestimation of the state as such. Discussing the linkage between loyality, ethnicy, and politics, he strongly argues for recognition of the fact that the world is groping for new political arrangements for which we simply do not have the appropriate ideas or words to describe. In the future, the range of political identities and loyalities in the global culture of "fragmegration" will extend beyond traditional multiculturalism.
The transition and transformation within the three countries dealt with are still in process. In her essay, the author analyses whether there is a need for Poland to re-define its relationship to Germany and Russia, whilst searching for a new identity and a new place within Europe. She argues that there is a set of historical and geopolitical reasons for doing so. But whilst the Polish aim is to normalise its relationship to its neighbours, the perception of Russians and Germans in Poland is rather different. On the one hand, in the Polish people opinion, Germany is the main promoter of their European institutional integration wishes. On the other, relatively aggressive attitude towards Russia can also be identified. The essay is a strong plea for mutual responsibility and co-operation in favour of peace and security in Europe. Additionally Russia is to be regarded as part of European history, and should thus be involved in the European political process.
Gomułka’s harsh criticism of the Stalinist past and the introduction of liberal elements into the public life of Poland was not welcomed by the East German leadership. Ulbricht demanded full support for the sovereignty of the GDR and tried to prevent any independent Polish moves to come to terms with the Federal Republic. The Polish leadership strived towards a closer economic integration with the GDR and Czechoslovakia to foster industrial development in Poland and to bind the East German state more closely into the "socialist camp". These ideas were flatly rejected by the GDR. The level of economic interdependence between the two German states and the advantages of the GDR resulting from the "intra-German" status of trade and transfer of technologies provoked Gomułka’s distrust. Relations worsened even more when, towards the end of his time in power, Ulbricht moved towards a rapprochement with the FRG and showed some readiness to question the Görlitz treaty on the German-Polish border line.