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The failure of politics is closely connected with deeply rooted misconceptions about the term politics. The author argues that a re-reading of Immanuel Kant's work "The Perpetual Peace" written 200 years ago offers a challenging possibility for a new conceptualization of politics, morality and peace. Morality is seen by Kant as an essential dimension of politics and the implementation and acknowledgement of laws by moral demands is defined as a precondition for a community of free citizens. In its public discourse politics does require law and morality. Deriving future rights from existing laws is one of the most favored argumentation used by politicians in the public. If the needs of law and justice are interpretated by politicians in their own interest, i.e. above all guarantees for the realization of political selfdetermination, then a real chance will exist for improving peace in the future.
The Voyager 2 Photopolarimeter experiment has yielded the highest resolved data of Saturn's rings, exhibiting a wide variety of features. The B-ring region between 105000 km and 110000 km distance from Saturn has been investigated. It has a high matter density and contains no significance features visible by eye. Analysis with statistical methods has let us to the detection of two significant events. These features are correlated with the inner 3:2 resonances of the F-ring shepherd satellites Pandora and Prometheus, and may be evidence of large ring paricles caught in the corotation resonances.
There is sufficient evidence of integration processes in the Asia-Pacific rim. But these processes differ profoundly from the European case. On the other hand integration theory up to the present day has been based mainly on the European evidence. Does this mean, that conventional integration theory is irrelevant in the case of the Asia-Pacific development? This contributuion tries to re-examine the theoretical capacity of various approaches (institionalism, functionalism, regionalism, flying geese pattern, regime-theory) when applied to the realities of transnational interaction and international organization in the Asia-Pacific rim.
Many methods have been proposed for the stabilization of higher index differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Such methods often involve constraint differentiation and problem stabilization, thus obtaining a stabilized index reduction. A popular method is Baumgarte stabilization, but the choice of parameters to make it robust is unclear in practice. Here we explain why the Baumgarte method may run into trouble. We then show how to improve it. We further develop a unifying theory for stabilization methods which includes many of the various techniques proposed in the literature. Our approach is to (i) consider stabilization of ODEs with invariants, (ii) discretize the stabilizing term in a simple way, generally different from the ODE discretization, and (iii) use orthogonal projections whenever possible. The best methods thus obtained are related to methods of coordinate projection. We discuss them and make concrete algorithmic suggestions.
A Hamiltonian system in potential form (formula in the original abstract) subject to smooth constraints on q can be viewed as a Hamiltonian system on a manifold, but numerical computations must be performed in Rn. In this paper methods which reduce "Hamiltonian differential algebraic equations" to ODEs in Euclidean space are examined. The authors study the construction of canonical parameterizations or local charts as well as methods based on the construction of ODE systems in the space in which the constraint manifold is embedded which preserve the constraint manifold as an invariant manifold. In each case, a Hamiltonian system of ordinary differential equations is produced. The stability of the constraint invariants and the behavior of the original Hamiltonian along solutions are investigated both numerically and analytically.
Many methods have been proposed for the simulation of constrained mechanical systems. The most obvious of these have mild instabilities and drift problems. Consequently, stabilization techniques have been proposed A popular stabilization method is Baumgarte's technique, but the choice of parameters to make it robust has been unclear in practice. Some of the simulation methods that have been proposed and used in computations are reviewed here, from a stability point of view. This involves concepts of differential-algebraic equation (DAE) and ordinary differential equation (ODE) invariants. An explanation of the difficulties that may be encountered using Baumgarte's method is given, and a discussion of why a further quest for better parameter values for this method will always remain frustrating is presented. It is then shown how Baumgarte's method can be improved. An efficient stabilization technique is proposed, which may employ explicit ODE solvers in case of nonstiff or highly oscillatory problems and which relates to coordinate projection methods. Examples of a two-link planar robotic arm and a squeezing mechanism illustrate the effectiveness of this new stabilization method.
Inhalt: Umweltbeziehungen und Verantwortungsbewußtsein von Unternehmen -Ökologische Anliegen der Unternehmensumwelt -Verantwortliches Verhalten von Unternehmen -Der Risiko- und Krisenbegriff Subjektive Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Risiken und Krisen -Subjektive Risikowahrnehmung: Wahrnehmung quantitativer Risikofaktoren,die Wahrnehmung qualitativer Merkmale der Risikoquelle, individuelle Risikodeterminanten -Empirische Studie zur Risikowahrnehmung -Subjektive Krisenbewältigung: Prozesse der Krisenentstehung und –entwicklung, Merkmale der Krisenwahrnehmung durch Manager, Verhaltenswissenschaftliche Theorien zur Krisenbewältigung Risiko- und Krisenmanagement
Dieser erste Lehr- und Forschungsbericht des Lehrstuhls für Betriebswirtschaftslehre mit dem Schwerpunkt Marketing beschreibt, analysiert und interpretiert ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie zum lmage Potsdams bei lokalen Unternehmern. Inhalt: Die Studie im Überblick: Erhebungssteckbrief, Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Ergebnisse Ziel der Studie Erhebungsdesign und Struktur der Stichprobe Das Image Potsdams als Wirtschaftsstandort - Die Standortfaktoren - Die Einschätzung der Standortfaktoren: Das Überzeugungsprofil - Die Wichtigkeit der Standortfaktoren: Das Anforderungsprofil - Die Stärken und Schwächen Potsdams als Wirtschaftsstandort Typologisierung der lokalen Unternehmer nach ihrem lmage vom Wirtschaftsstandort Potsdam Das lmage Potsdams als Lebensraum für Unternehmer - Das lmageprofil der Stadt Potsdam als Lebensraum - Das 'Innere Bild' von der Stadt Potsdam Die wirtschaftliche Zukunft von Potsdam aus der Sicht der befragten Unternehmer Konsequenzen und Ansatzpunkte für die Gestaltung eines effizienten Regionalen Marketingkonzepts
The dramatic changes in international relations characterized by the terms "Complex Interdependence" and "Segmentary Globalization" call for new explanation. The author considers the post-modern approaches, a critical analysis of which he presents, to be one possibility to do that. In studies of international policy, these post-modern influences are gaining ground in disputes with realistic and neo-realistic approaches, and they can also clearly be felt in Latin America. Tomassini, based on the historic experiences of Latin America, forcefully calls for an active and constructive incorporation of the region into international developments. For that, Latin-American societies have to establish modern, and open political as well as economic systems which are able to meet those challenges.