Extern
Refine
Document Type
- Working Paper (36) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (36) (remove)
Keywords
- COVID-19 (3)
- Bildungswissenschaften (2)
- Forschungsdatenmanagement (2)
- carbon pricing (2)
- educational sciences (2)
- entrepreneurship (2)
- experiment (2)
- gender (2)
- research data management (2)
- self-employment (2)
- Active Labor Market Policy (1)
- Africa (1)
- Backward ownership (1)
- Carbon Capture (1)
- Carbon Dioxide Removal (1)
- Climate Policy (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Datendokumentation (1)
- Datenschutzgrundverordnung (1)
- Difference-in-Differences (1)
- Disziplinspezifisches FDM (1)
- E-DSGE (1)
- Employee Training (1)
- Entrepreneurship (1)
- Entry deterrence (1)
- Exportsubvention (1)
- Firm Growth (1)
- Foreclosure (1)
- Forschungsdaten (1)
- General Data Protection Regulation (1)
- High growth firms (1)
- Human Capital Investments (1)
- Impermanence (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Institutions (1)
- Job Creation (1)
- Job Search (1)
- Labor Market Mobility (1)
- Manager Decisions (1)
- Minority shareholdings (1)
- Oligopol (1)
- PHQ-4 score (1)
- Partial ownership (1)
- Personenbezogene Daten (1)
- Policy Reform (1)
- Psychologie (1)
- Push and Pull Theories (1)
- Qualitative Forschungsdaten (1)
- Quality of regional governments (1)
- Regions (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Risk Attitudes (1)
- Search Frictions (1)
- Social Cost of Carbon (1)
- Start-Up Subsidies (1)
- Start-up Motivation (1)
- Survival (1)
- Uniform pricing (1)
- Unintended Consequence (1)
- Vertical integration (1)
- Wohlfahrtseffekt (1)
- air pollution (1)
- ambiguity attitudes (1)
- behavioral economics (1)
- blended learning (1)
- business services (1)
- carbon debt (1)
- carbon emissions (1)
- carbon price (1)
- carbon removal (1)
- cartel (1)
- climate (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate policy (1)
- collusion (1)
- communication (1)
- commuting (1)
- data documentation (1)
- decomposition methods (1)
- developing country cities (1)
- discipline specific rdm (1)
- discrete choice (1)
- discrimination (1)
- disziplinspezifisches FDM (1)
- double dividend (1)
- efficiency (1)
- emergency-aid (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- energy policy (1)
- entrepreneurship policy (1)
- environmental tax reform (1)
- equity crowdfunding (1)
- finance (1)
- financial access and inclusion (1)
- food prices (1)
- gender pay gap (1)
- goal-setting (1)
- gridded data (1)
- home office (1)
- horizontal equity (1)
- income (1)
- instrumental variables (1)
- just transition (1)
- labor productivity (1)
- labour migration (1)
- leadership (1)
- legal aspects (1)
- linked employer-employee data (1)
- machine learning (1)
- market-entry game (1)
- mental health (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- migration (1)
- multi-valued treatment (1)
- natural field experiment (1)
- net-negative emissions (1)
- non-Ricardian households (1)
- personal information (1)
- pollution (1)
- population density (1)
- productivity slowdown (1)
- promises (1)
- property taxes (1)
- psychology (1)
- public good (1)
- qualitative research data (1)
- rdm in disciplines (1)
- rechtliche Aspekte (1)
- redistribution (1)
- removal subsidies (1)
- renewable energy subsidies (1)
- representative longitudinal survey data (1)
- representative real-time survey data (1)
- research data (1)
- resilience (1)
- returns to education (1)
- revenue recycling (1)
- risk attitudes (1)
- self-employed (1)
- soft information (1)
- stag-hunt game (1)
- strategic-uncertainty attitudes (1)
- subjective survival probability (1)
- tax competition (1)
- terms-of-trade effects (1)
- trade (1)
- treatment effects (1)
- unilateral climate policy (1)
- vocational education (1)
- voting (1)
Institute
We analyze how conventional emissions trading schemes (ETS) can be modified by introducing “clean-up certificates” to allow for a phase of net-negative emissions. Clean-up certificates bundle the permission to emit CO2 with the obligation for its removal. We show that demand for such certificates is determined by cost-saving technological progress, the discount rate and the length of the compliance period. Introducing extra clean-up certificates into an existing ETS reduces near-term carbon prices and mitigation efforts. In contrast, substituting ETS allowances with clean-up certificates reduces cumulative emissions without depressing carbon prices or mitigation in the near term. We calibrate our model to the EU ETS and identify reforms where simultaneously (i) ambition levels rise, (ii) climate damages fall, (iii) revenues from carbon prices rise and (iv) carbon prices and aggregate mitigation cost fall. For reducing climate damages, roughly half of the issued clean-up certificates should replace conventional ETS allowances. In the context of the EU ETS, a European Carbon Central Bank could manage the implementation of cleanup certificates and could serve as an enforcement mechanism.
We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use. The model parameters are calibrated to replicate key variables for two developing country cities, Maputo, Mozambique, and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In the counterfactual simulations, we study how various transport and energy policies affect equilibrium pollution. Policies may be induce rebound effects from increasing residential energy use or switching to high emission modes or locations. In general, these rebound effects tend to be largest for subsidies to public transport or modern residential energy technology.
We examine how the gender of business-owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is – starting from a gender pay gap of 11 to 12 percent - two to three percentage-points lower for hourly wages in female-owned firms than in male-owned firms. Results are robust to how the wage is measured, as well as to various further robustness checks. More importantly, we find substantial differences between industries. While, for instance, in the manufacturing sector, the gender of the owner plays no role for the gender pay gap, in several service sector industries, like ICT or business services, no or a negligible gender pay gap can be found, but only when firms are led by female business owners. Businesses in male ownership maintain a gender pay gap of around 10 percent also in the latter industries. With increasing firm size, the influence of the gender of the owner, however, fades. In large firms, it seems that others – firm managers – determine wages and no differences in the pay gap are observed between male- and female-owned firms.
Leadership plays an important role for the efficient and fair solution of social dilemmas but the effectiveness of a leader can vary substantially. Two main factors of leadership impact are the ability to induce high contributions by all group members and the (expected) fair use of power. Participants in our experiment decide about contributions to a public good. After all contributions are made, the leader can choose how much of the joint earnings to assign to herself; the remainder is distributed equally among the followers. Using machine learning techniques, we study whether the content of initial open statements by the group members predicts their behavior as a leader and whether groups are able to identify such clues and endogenously appoint a “good” leader to solve the dilemma. We find that leaders who promise fairness are more likely to behave fairly, and that followers appoint as leaders those who write more explicitly about fairness and efficiency. However, in their contribution decision, followers focus on the leader’s first-move contribution and place less importance on the content of the leader’s statements.
Access to digital finance
(2024)
Financing entrepreneurship spurs innovation and economic growth. Digital financial platforms that crowdfund equity for entrepreneurs have emerged globally, yet they remain poorly understood. We model equity crowdfunding in terms of the relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised per pitch. We examine heterogeneity in the average amount raised per pitch that is associated with differences across three countries and seven platforms. Using a novel dataset of successful fundraising on the most prominent platforms in the UK, Germany, and the USA, we find the underlying relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised for entrepreneurs is loglinear, with a coefficient less than one and concave to the origin. We identify significant variation in the average amount invested in each pitch across countries and platforms. Our findings have implications for market actors as well as regulators who set competitive frameworks.
High growth firms (HGFs) are important for job creation and considered to be precursors of economic growth. We investigate how formal institutions, like product- and labor-market regulations, as well as the quality of regional governments that implement these regulations, affect HGF development across European regions. Using data from Eurostat, OECD, WEF, and Gothenburg University, we show that both regulatory stringency and the quality of the regional government influence the regional shares of HGFs. More importantly, we find that the effect of labor- and product-market regulations ultimately depends on the quality of regional governments: in regions with high quality of government, the share of HGFs is neither affected by the level of product market regulation, nor by more or less flexibility in hiring and firing practices. Our findings contribute to the debate on the effects of regulations by showing that regulations are not, per se, “good, bad, and ugly”, rather their impact depends on the efficiency of regional governments. Our paper offers important building blocks to develop tailored policy measures that may influence the development of HGFs in a region.
The last years have been affected by Covid-19 and the international emergency mecha-nism to deal with health-related threats. The effects of this period manifested differ-ently worldwide, depending on matters such as international relations, national policies, power dynamics etc. Additionally, the impact of this time will likely have long-term effects which are yet to be known. This paper gives a critical overview of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) mechanism in the context of Covid-19. It does so by explaining the legal framework for states of emergency, specifically in the context of a PHEIC, while considering its restrictions and limitations on human rights. It further outlines issues in the manifestation of global protections and limitations on human rights during Covid-19. Lastly, considering the likelihood of future PHEICs and the known systemic obstructions, this paper offers ways to im-prove this mechanism from a holistic, non-zero-sum perspective.
Das Dokument "Forschungsdatenmanagement bei personenbezogenen Daten - eine Handreichung" versammelt zentrale Inhalte, Verweise und Vorgehensweisen für Forscher*innen, die in einer Studie personenbezogene Daten erheben und diese verarbeiten, archivieren oder veröffentlichen wollen. Die Handreichung verweist an den entsprechenden Abschnitten auf weiterführende Materialien wie insbesondere die Handreichung „Datenschutz“ des Rats für die Sozial-, Verhaltens-, Bildungs- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften (RatSWD).
Carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere is becoming an important option to achieve net zero climate targets. This paper develops a welfare and public economics perspective on optimal policies for carbon removal and storage in non-permanent sinks like forests, soil, oceans, wood products or chemical products. We derive a new metric for the valuation of non-permanent carbon storage, the social cost of carbon removal (SCC-R), which embeds also the conventional social cost of carbon emissions. We show that the contribution of CDR is to create new carbon sinks that should be used to reduce transition costs, even if the stored carbon is released to the atmosphere eventually. Importantly, CDR does not raise the ambition of optimal temperature levels unless initial atmospheric carbon stocks are excessively high. For high initial atmospheric carbon stocks, CDR allows to reduce the optimal temperature below initial levels. Finally, we characterize three different policy regimes that ensure an optimal deployment of carbon removal: downstream carbon pricing, upstream carbon pricing, and carbon storage pricing. The policy regimes differ in their informational and institutional requirements regarding monitoring, liability and financing.