Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Refine
Year of publication
- 2022 (262) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (191)
- Doctoral Thesis (43)
- Postprint (23)
- Review (2)
- Habilitation Thesis (1)
- Master's Thesis (1)
- Other (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (262)
Keywords
- functional traits (7)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (5)
- animal personality (5)
- light pollution (5)
- GPS (4)
- antibody (4)
- coexistence (4)
- fence ecology (4)
- giving-up density (4)
- land use (4)
- ungulate (4)
- veterinary cordon fence (4)
- AFLP (3)
- ALAN (3)
- Asplanchna brightwellii (3)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (3)
- Germany (3)
- LCSM (3)
- Locally structured standard deviation (3)
- MSAP (3)
- Movement ecology (3)
- Myodes glareolus (3)
- Standard deviation (3)
- Transkriptionsfaktoren (3)
- Variance (3)
- animal behaviour (3)
- biodiversity (3)
- climate change (3)
- cytosine methylation (3)
- dielectrophoresis (3)
- epigenetics (3)
- food web (3)
- genome scan (3)
- hoverflies (3)
- inter-individual differences (3)
- landscape homogenization (3)
- landscape of fear (3)
- larch (3)
- miRNA (3)
- microplastics (3)
- permafrost (3)
- plant functional trait (3)
- pollen (3)
- rotifer (3)
- spatial autocorrelation (3)
- starch (3)
- syrphids (3)
- transcription factors (3)
- transgenerational response (3)
- type specimens (3)
- video analysis (3)
- wild bees (3)
- wildlife conservation (3)
- AC electrokinetics (2)
- Africa (2)
- Animal personality (2)
- Arabidopsis (2)
- Bewegungsökologie (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Carabidae beetles (2)
- Chytridiomycota (2)
- Damage assessment (2)
- Dictyostelium (2)
- Disturbance impacts (2)
- Disturbance indicator (2)
- Elephant disturbance (2)
- Energy expenditure (2)
- Epigenetik (2)
- European hare (2)
- Illuminance (2)
- Inter-individual differences (2)
- Just so stories (2)
- Koexistenz (2)
- Larix (2)
- Larix cajanderi (2)
- Locally structured correlation (2)
- Microtus arvalis (2)
- NGS (2)
- Network clustering (2)
- ODBA (2)
- Omicron (2)
- Protein complexes (2)
- Protein–protein interaction (2)
- RNA-Seq (2)
- Rotifera (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 (2)
- Siberia (2)
- Species comparison (2)
- Specific wood density (2)
- Summer Schools (2)
- TMAO reductase (2)
- Tibetan Plateau (2)
- Tree allometry (2)
- Wood specific gravity (2)
- Woody aboveground biomass (2)
- abiotic stress (2)
- accelerometer (2)
- acid mine drainage (2)
- actin (2)
- agricultural landscape (2)
- agriculture (2)
- ancient DNA (2)
- antibiotic inactivation (2)
- aquaculture (2)
- artificial light at night (ALAN) (2)
- automated radio telemetry (2)
- autophagy (2)
- behavioral type (2)
- bis-MGD (2)
- buffer zones (2)
- camelid antibody (2)
- camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (2)
- cell-free protein synthesis (2)
- centrosome (2)
- chaperone (2)
- chloroplast (2)
- community model (2)
- cross-species capture (2)
- disturbance (2)
- drought stress (2)
- ecology (2)
- ecosystem functioning (2)
- effect (2)
- energy expenditure (2)
- environmental change (2)
- environmental pollution (2)
- enzymatic inactivation (2)
- enzyme optimization (2)
- extremophiles (2)
- fence interaction (2)
- fitness (2)
- florfenicol (2)
- freshwater (2)
- functional diversity (2)
- glacial refugia (2)
- global change (2)
- grain size (2)
- heat stress (2)
- heavy-chain-only antibody (2)
- heliozoa (2)
- heterostyly (2)
- home range (2)
- immobilization (2)
- industrial farming (2)
- insects (2)
- interactions (2)
- intraguild predation (2)
- intraspecific variation (2)
- machine learning (2)
- metabolic-profiling (2)
- metacommunity (2)
- mining lakes (2)
- molecular species identification (2)
- molybdenum cofactor (2)
- monitoring (2)
- movement ecology (2)
- movement speed (2)
- museum specimens (2)
- nanobodies (2)
- nanoelectrodes (2)
- natural particle (2)
- neutralization (2)
- novel biomarkers (2)
- nuclear pore complex (2)
- nucleic acids (2)
- nucleoporins (2)
- optimal foraging (2)
- pace-of-life syndrome (2)
- parentage (2)
- perceived predation risk (2)
- personality (2)
- phylogeography (2)
- plant cell wall (2)
- postglacial recolonization (2)
- questioning solutions (2)
- repetition (2)
- reproductive success (2)
- resource-tracking (2)
- semi-closed mitosis (2)
- single domain antibodies (2)
- solar powered light-emitting diode (2)
- solitary bees (2)
- spatially explicit (2)
- speciation (2)
- starch degradation (2)
- starch granule number regulation (2)
- starch initiation (2)
- supergene (2)
- target capture (2)
- toxicity (2)
- translation (2)
- tundra (2)
- variation (2)
- wildlife (2)
- wildlife and habitat management (2)
- Ökologie (2)
- 3-way coffee hybrids (1)
- 3D (1)
- 6PPD quinone (1)
- 7-Methylheptadecan (1)
- 7-methylheptadecane (1)
- AC electroosmosis (1)
- AES (1)
- APP (1)
- APX2 (1)
- ARMS (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Aegean flora (1)
- Agentenbasierte Modelle (1)
- Agricultural pests (1)
- Aix galericulata (1)
- Aldehydoxidase (1)
- Alternaria (1)
- Amaranthus retroflexus (1)
- Amplicon sequencing (1)
- Analysis-ready data (1)
- Anatidae (1)
- Angiogenese (1)
- Annamites (1)
- Antarctica (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Anthropogenic impact (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antikörpercharakterisierung (1)
- Antikörpervalidierung (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic vegetation (1)
- Asian elephant (1)
- Aufnahme (1)
- Autophagie (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacterial (1)
- Baumgrenze (1)
- Bead (1)
- Beaufort Sea (1)
- Beetle conservation (1)
- Big data (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biologieunterricht (1)
- Bioreaktor (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Bisulfit Sequenzierung (1)
- Blaulicht (1)
- Body mass (1)
- Boten-RNA (mRNA) (1)
- Bottleneck (1)
- Brachionus (1)
- Brachionus calyciflorus s (1)
- Brandenburg (1)
- Brassica napus (1)
- Breitengrad (1)
- CAP (1)
- CBD (1)
- CDK5RAP2 (1)
- CHO cell lysate (1)
- CLSM (1)
- CLUH; (1)
- CO2 reduction (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CYP734A50 (1)
- CaM4 (1)
- Cap'n proto (1)
- Car tire rubber (1)
- Carbon cycle (1)
- Carlini Station (1)
- Central Europe (1)
- Centrosom (1)
- Cep192 (1)
- Chenopodium album (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Chloroplasten (1)
- Chukotka vegetation (1)
- Clathrin-bedeckte Vesikel (1)
- Clustering Algorithms (1)
- Co -development (1)
- Co-Transfektion (1)
- Cold (1)
- Common agricultural policy (1)
- Communication (1)
- Community matrix (1)
- Complete defoliation (1)
- Copula theory (1)
- Critically ill patients (1)
- Crop modelling (1)
- Cutinase (1)
- Cyanobacteria (1)
- Cyanobakterien-Biomarker (1)
- Cytb (1)
- CytoSorb (R) (1)
- Cytosin-Methylierung (1)
- DFT (1)
- DNA aptamer (1)
- DNA methylation; (1)
- DNA-metabarcoding (1)
- Datura stramonium (1)
- De novo Assemblierung (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Deakklimatisierung (1)
- Detektionssystem (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Dielektrophorese (1)
- Differenzielle Genexpression (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Draft genome (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EEHV (1)
- ELF3 (1)
- ENTH domain proteins (1)
- ENTH-Domänenproteine (1)
- ESCRT (1)
- Early Starvation 1 (1)
- Early childhood education (1)
- Early childhood teachers (1)
- Early mathematics development (1)
- Ecological network (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecosystem (1)
- Effekt (1)
- Endurance (1)
- Environmental DNA (1)
- Environmental stressor (1)
- Epigenom Editierung (1)
- Equivocality (1)
- Erigeron annuus (1)
- Erigeron canadensis (1)
- Etmopterus litvinovi (1)
- Etmopterus pycnolepis (1)
- Evening Complex (1)
- Evolutionary ecology (1)
- Exotic bird species (1)
- F7 gene (1)
- FMT (1)
- Fatty acid degradation (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Flower development (1)
- Fluctuating asymmetry (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Fragaria x ananassa (1)
- Fruit pathogens (1)
- Fungal communities (1)
- GWAS (1)
- Geltrex (1)
- Gemeinschaftsgarten-Experiment (1)
- GenPred (1)
- Gene flow (1)
- Genetic (1)
- Genetic variability (1)
- Genom-Scan (1)
- Genomic Mining (1)
- Gentechnik (1)
- Gerüste aus Fasergeflecht (1)
- Gießharz (1)
- Gießharzpräparate (1)
- Glasfaser (1)
- H3K4me (1)
- H3K9ac (1)
- HAC1 (1)
- HS transcriptional memory (1)
- HS-Transkriptionsgedächtnis (1)
- HSE (1)
- HSF (1)
- HSFA2 (1)
- HUVEC (1)
- Haldane's rule (1)
- Hefe (1)
- HepG2 hepatocytes (1)
- HepG2-Zellen (1)
- Herstellung (1)
- Hidden Markov models (1)
- Histon Methylierung (1)
- Hitzeschock-Transkriptionsfaktor (1)
- Hitzestress-Gedächtnis (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Home range (1)
- HsbA (1)
- Hydrogele (1)
- Hyponasty (1)
- Hypoxie (1)
- IACS (1)
- IR (1)
- Illumina amplicon sequencing (1)
- Impranil PU degradation (1)
- In vitro transcription (1)
- In vitro transcription technology (1)
- In-vitro-Transkriptionstechnologie (1)
- Insect conservation (1)
- Insekten (1)
- Instructional (1)
- Intraspezifische Variation (1)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie (IMS) (1)
- JUB1 (1)
- Kanalisierung (1)
- Klassifikation der Landbedeckung (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Koexpression Netzwerk Analysen (1)
- Krankheitsökologie (1)
- Kältestress (1)
- LAVESI (1)
- LEM-domain (1)
- LUX (1)
- Lactuca serriola (1)
- Lake Stechlin (1)
- Lake Xingxinghai (1)
- Land use intensity (1)
- Land use management (1)
- Large-area mapping (1)
- Larix gmelinii (1)
- Late Quaternary (1)
- Lateral flow assay (LFA) (1)
- Leaf axil (1)
- Legionella (1)
- Legionellen (1)
- Lena Delta (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Lipase (1)
- Lipophagie (1)
- Local and regional vegetation (1)
- Locally (1)
- Locomotion (1)
- Lolium multiflorum (1)
- Lower Havel River Region (1)
- Lysosom (1)
- Lärche (1)
- MODIS (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Madagascar (1)
- Makrophagen-Aktivierung (1)
- Mechanobiologie (1)
- Mediterranean island (1)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolismus (1)
- Metagemeinschaften (1)
- Mice (1)
- Microbiome assembly (1)
- Microgale (1)
- Mikrofluidik (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mikrosatelliten (1)
- Mineralisation (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mitochondrial replacement (1)
- Mitochondrien (1)
- Mitogenome (1)
- Mitteleuropa (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Mouse (1)
- Movement (1)
- Multi-spectral data (1)
- Multiplex (1)
- N protein (1)
- NDSI (1)
- NDVI (1)
- Nahrungsnetze (1)
- Network (1)
- Network embedding (1)
- Neuroendocrine tumors (1)
- New Guinea (1)
- Nocardioides alcanivorans (1)
- Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (1)
- Number and Brightness (1)
- Object capability (1)
- Optical remote sensing (1)
- Organic matter degradation (1)
- Osteogenese (1)
- P-bodies (1)
- PEEU (1)
- PICF6 (1)
- PIF (1)
- Pace-of-Life Syndrom (1)
- Palaeoclimate (1)
- Paleoecology (1)
- Paleogeography (1)
- Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic human-environment (1)
- Palmitat (1)
- Paläoökologie (1)
- Paradisaeidae (1)
- Paramutation (1)
- Penicillium (1)
- Peptid (1)
- Perca (1)
- Pflanzenanpassung (1)
- Pflanzenforschung (1)
- Pflanzenökologie (1)
- Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phylogeographie (1)
- PlanetScope (1)
- Planktonnahrungsnetz (1)
- Plantago major (1)
- Point of care testing (POCT) (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Polyneuropathie (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Populationspersistenz (1)
- Populationsstruktur (1)
- Porewater exchange (1)
- Primula forbesii (1)
- Prokaryotes (1)
- Protein Complex Prediction (1)
- Protein-Protein interaction network (1)
- Proteinkinase A (1)
- Präparate (1)
- Pseudochorthippus parallelus (1)
- Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 (1)
- Pseudomonas sp (1)
- Punicalagin (1)
- Puumalavirus (1)
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (1)
- Quantitative vegetation reconstruction (1)
- Quorum Sensing (1)
- RNA-Sequenzierung (1)
- RNA-seq (1)
- RNA-sequencing (1)
- RNAseq (1)
- Random eigenvalues (1)
- Random forests (1)
- Random matrices (1)
- Regional climate (1)
- Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP); (1)
- Rotatorien (1)
- Rotifer (1)
- Rozellomycota (1)
- Russia (1)
- SAR (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 N-gene (1)
- SELEX (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Scientific collaboration (1)
- Seasonality (1)
- Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) (1)
- Selective breeding (1)
- Senecio vulgaris (1)
- Seneszenz (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sepsis; (1)
- Sequenzierungstechnologien der nächsten Generation (1)
- Sex (1)
- Shared Data Resource (1)
- Short Report (1)
- Short reads (1)
- Shotgun Sequenzierung (1)
- Sibirien (1)
- Silene vulgaris (1)
- Single-nucleotide (1)
- Site fidelity (1)
- Sodium chloride (1)
- Solanum (1)
- Solanum nigrum (1)
- Solidago canadensis (1)
- Solidago gigantea (1)
- Sommerekzem (1)
- Sonchus oleraceus (1)
- Spastin (1)
- Specialized (1)
- Starch granule number per (1)
- Starch granules (1)
- Starch metabolism (1)
- Starch morphology (1)
- Steifheit (1)
- Stimuli (1)
- Structural variation (1)
- Sturnus (1)
- Submarine groundwater discharge (1)
- Support vector (1)
- Synthetische Biologie (1)
- THC (1)
- TRPV1 (1)
- Taphonomy (1)
- Tenrecs (1)
- Theranostic (1)
- Thioester (1)
- Tidal pumping (1)
- Time series (1)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (1)
- Tripleurospermum inodorum (1)
- Trockenstress (1)
- Tundra-Taiga (1)
- VHH (1)
- Vancomycin (1)
- Vegetation change (1)
- Vegetation von Tschukotka (1)
- Vegetationsveränderungen (1)
- Vegetationsveränderungen in der Subarktis (1)
- Vernetzer (1)
- Veronica cymbalaria (1)
- Veronica hederifolia (1)
- Veronica persica (1)
- Verticillium dahliae (1)
- WGCNA (1)
- Waldausdehnung (1)
- Whole genome sequencing (1)
- Wildlife management (1)
- Zea mays (1)
- Zebularin (1)
- Zellsortierung (1)
- abiotischer Stress (1)
- above-ground biomass (1)
- activated PTT (1)
- activity (1)
- adaptive Differenzierung (1)
- adaptive differentiation (1)
- adaptive management (1)
- adaptive radiation (1)
- agent-based model (1)
- aggregation size (1)
- agricultural land cover (1)
- alarm signals (1)
- alte DNA (1)
- alte sedimentäre DNA (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- analysis-ready data (1)
- analytics (1)
- anamorph-teleomorph connection (1)
- ancient sedimentary DNA (1)
- angeborene Immunantwort (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- animal (1)
- animals under human care (1)
- anthropogene Einwirkung (1)
- anthropogener globaler Wandel (1)
- anthropogenic global change (1)
- anthropogenic impact (1)
- antibody characterization (1)
- antibody validation (1)
- antimicrobial polymers (1)
- aquatic fungi (1)
- archival DNA (1)
- atom mapping (1)
- augmented reality (1)
- autotomy (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacterial infections (1)
- bait trap (1)
- bakterielle Infektionen (1)
- balance (1)
- basal fungi (1)
- behavioural reaction norm (1)
- big data (1)
- bilinear interpolation (1)
- bioclimatic niche (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity homogenization (1)
- biofilm (1)
- biogenic volatile organic compounds (1)
- biological age (1)
- biological carbon pump (1)
- biological control agents (1)
- biological invasions (1)
- biology classes (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomization (1)
- bioreactor (1)
- bisulfite sequencing (1)
- blue light (1)
- body height (1)
- body mass index (1)
- boreal (1)
- boreal forest (1)
- bottlebrush copolymers (1)
- brassinosteroid (1)
- breastfeeding (1)
- breeding (1)
- browsing (1)
- budding yeast (1)
- bulk DNA (1)
- calmodulin (1)
- camelid (1)
- camera-trap (1)
- canalization (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer therapy (1)
- canopy cooling effects (1)
- canopy-air temperature (1)
- captivity (1)
- carbohydrate (1)
- carnivore (1)
- cascading effects (1)
- casting resin (1)
- cell culture (1)
- cell division (1)
- cell shape (1)
- cell sorting (1)
- cell wall patterning (1)
- cellulose (1)
- cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (1)
- cellulose synthesis (1)
- charcoal (1)
- chemical defenses (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chironomids (1)
- chlorophyll a fluorescence (1)
- chloroplasts (1)
- chromatin remodelling (1)
- chromosome-scale genome assembly (1)
- chronic pain (1)
- chronic undernutrition (1)
- chronischer Schmerz (1)
- clathrin-coated vesicles (1)
- co-delivery of multiple genes (1)
- co-expression network analysis (1)
- co-transfection (1)
- coagulation (1)
- cold stress (1)
- combinatorial protein (1)
- common-garden experiment (1)
- communities (1)
- competitive growth (1)
- conservation scheme (1)
- cooling effect (1)
- cost optimisation (1)
- create cropland (1)
- crop model (1)
- crop production (1)
- crop rotation (1)
- cropping diversity (1)
- crosslinker (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- cyanobacteria biomarker (1)
- daily home-made measurements (1)
- de novo assembly (1)
- deacclimation (1)
- deep-sea (1)
- density dependence (1)
- dental eruption (1)
- detection (1)
- detection system (1)
- determination (1)
- developmental plasticity (1)
- dictyostelium (1)
- differential gene expression (1)
- dilution (1)
- disease ecology (1)
- dispersal (1)
- dispersal success (1)
- drainage works to (1)
- drift (1)
- drought (1)
- drying trend (1)
- dynamics (1)
- eDNA (1)
- eRNA (1)
- eco-evolutionary feedback (1)
- eco-evolutionary feedbacks (1)
- ecohydrology (1)
- ecosystem function and services; (1)
- ecosystem restoration (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- ecosystems (1)
- ecotones (1)
- ectoparasitism (1)
- effectors (1)
- effects of global warming (1)
- elevated temperature (1)
- energy (1)
- ensemble method (1)
- environmental awareness (1)
- environmental filtering; (1)
- environmental reconstructions (1)
- enzyme activity (1)
- epigenome editing (1)
- evolution (1)
- evolution of cooperation (1)
- evolutionary genomics (1)
- expanded genetic code (1)
- expansion microscopy (1)
- expression (1)
- extensively managed grasslands (1)
- factor VII (1)
- false smut fungi (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- felidae (1)
- fernandoi (1)
- fiber mesh scaffolds (1)
- fibrinogen (1)
- field boundaries (1)
- field margins (1)
- fire (1)
- fire frequency (1)
- floristic survey (1)
- flowering (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluviatilis (1)
- flux analysis (1)
- food webs (1)
- food-web models (1)
- foraging behaviour (1)
- forest (1)
- formate oxidation (1)
- free-ranging (1)
- funktionelle Diversität (1)
- gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gene flow (1)
- genetic engineering (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome-scale metabolic model (1)
- genomic prediction (1)
- glass fiber (1)
- glaziale Refugien (1)
- grassland productivity (1)
- green-green dilemma (1)
- group living (1)
- growth (1)
- growth references (1)
- growth standards (1)
- growth tempo (1)
- guideline (1)
- hADSC (1)
- habitat (1)
- hantavirus (1)
- heat (1)
- heat stress memory (1)
- herbicide (1)
- heteromorphic self-incompatibility (1)
- hexadecane (1)
- high throughput sequencing (1)
- high-dimensional cytometry data (1)
- histone methylation (1)
- histone modification (1)
- historical DNA (1)
- historical growth (1)
- historical maps (1)
- hoher Durchsatz Sequenzierung (1)
- holocene (1)
- hormone-releasing hormone (1)
- human aldehyde oxidase (1)
- human-animal relationships (1)
- human-wildlife conflicts (1)
- hybridization (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- hybridoma technology (1)
- hydro-engineering history; (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- iPhone (1)
- illegal hunting (1)
- immobilization; (1)
- immunity (1)
- in vitro immunization (1)
- infection (1)
- influenza virus (1)
- ingestion (1)
- inhibition kinetics (1)
- innate immune response (1)
- insect decline (1)
- intensification (1)
- intensive agriculture (1)
- intensively managed grasslands (1)
- interval squeeze (1)
- intraspecific trait (1)
- intrinsic motivation (1)
- invasiv (1)
- invasive (1)
- ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) (1)
- irrigation (1)
- island population (1)
- isotopic labeling (1)
- joint probability (1)
- kettle hole; (1)
- land-cover classification (1)
- land-use conflicts (1)
- land-use intensity (1)
- land-water coupling (1)
- landscape complexity; (1)
- larch forest (1)
- large herbivores (1)
- large marsh grasshopper (1)
- large-area mapping (1)
- latitudinal clines (1)
- leaf area index (1)
- lebende Materialien (1)
- life history (1)
- light signaling (1)
- linear enamel hypoplasia (1)
- lipophagy (1)
- liposomes (1)
- living materials (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- local knowledge (1)
- lokale Anpassung (1)
- long-term hydrological changes (1)
- lycopersicum (1)
- lysosome (1)
- mRFP1 (1)
- mRNA chemistry (1)
- mRNA-Chemie (1)
- machine (1)
- macromolecular assemblies (1)
- macrophage activation (1)
- malnutrition (1)
- management (1)
- mass cytometry data (1)
- maturation (1)
- mcgraph (1)
- mechanobiology (1)
- mediterranean-type ecosystem (1)
- megafauna (1)
- membrane (1)
- memory (1)
- mesocarp (1)
- metabarcoding (1)
- metabolic (1)
- metabolic rate (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metacommunities (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- microbial degradation (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microbial ecology (1)
- microbiota (1)
- microfluidics (1)
- microsatellites (1)
- microscale thermophoresis (MST) (1)
- microtubules (1)
- mikrobielle Vielfalt (1)
- mikrobielle Ökologie (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitosis (1)
- model (1)
- modelling (1)
- molecular clock (1)
- molecular phylogeny (1)
- molluscs (1)
- molybdoenzyme (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- monogonont rotifer (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- morphometrics (1)
- multi-parametric analysis (1)
- multi-sensor (1)
- museomics (1)
- nacheiszeitliche Wiederbesiedlung (1)
- nanobody (1)
- network reconstruction (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- nicht-Mendelsche Vererbung (1)
- nicht-einheimisch (1)
- nichtinvasive Diagnostik (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- non-Mendelian inheritance (1)
- non-invasive Diagnostics (1)
- non-native (1)
- non-native species (1)
- non-predatory mortality (1)
- noncanonical amino acid (1)
- nonlinear response (1)
- novel (1)
- nuclear envelope (1)
- nutritional status (1)
- oberirdische Biomasse (1)
- occupancy (1)
- occupancy modeling (1)
- oil palm (1)
- oil yield (1)
- oligomerization (1)
- olive rhizobacteria (1)
- optical remote sensing (1)
- orthogonal system (1)
- osteogenesis (1)
- paleoecology (1)
- palmitate (1)
- paper-based (1)
- papier-basiert (1)
- paramutation (1)
- parasites (1)
- pareto optimality (1)
- patch use (1)
- patch use; (1)
- patchiness in (1)
- patrolling optimization (1)
- pattern perception (1)
- peptide (1)
- perceptibility (1)
- periglacial process (1)
- phenomic prediction (1)
- phenotypic variation (1)
- phenotyping (1)
- phosphoglucan (1)
- phytochrome (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- phytoplankton host (1)
- phänotypische Variation (1)
- plankton food web (1)
- plant adaptation (1)
- plant architecture (1)
- plant breeding (1)
- plant community (1)
- plant ecology (1)
- plant ontogenetic stage (1)
- plant parasite (1)
- plant pathogen (1)
- plant protection (1)
- plant research (1)
- plant traits (1)
- plant yield (1)
- plastic degradation (1)
- plasticity (1)
- plastisphere (1)
- pleiotropy (1)
- pollination (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polyneuropathy (1)
- population cycles (1)
- population dynamic (1)
- population genetics (1)
- population persistence (1)
- population structure (1)
- post-harvest (1)
- predator-prey dynamics (1)
- predictive models (1)
- preindustrial to industrial period (1)
- preparation (1)
- primary human macrophages (1)
- primula (1)
- primäre humane Makrophagen (1)
- process-based modeling (1)
- process-based simulation model (1)
- production (1)
- production rates (1)
- protected area (1)
- prothrombin (1)
- protocol (1)
- punicalagin (1)
- quality (1)
- quantification (1)
- quartz crystal microbalance (1)
- radiative transfer models (1)
- random sampling (1)
- rangers (1)
- rarity (1)
- re-analysis (1)
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1)
- reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) (1)
- reciprocal transplant experiment (1)
- regulatory evolution (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- resource use (1)
- respirometry (1)
- review of written (1)
- reziprokes Transplantationsexperiment (1)
- rice (1)
- risk (1)
- risk allocation (1)
- rodents (1)
- roosting site (1)
- root endophytes (1)
- root growth (1)
- ruderal (1)
- räumliche Autokorrelation (1)
- salinity (1)
- salinity gradient (1)
- savanna (1)
- screening (1)
- seasonality (1)
- sediment (1)
- sediment dynamics (1)
- seed (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensor (1)
- sentinel-1 (1)
- sfGFP (1)
- shading cooling (1)
- sharks (1)
- shoot apical meristem (1)
- shotgun sequencing (1)
- shrubification (1)
- simulation modeling (1)
- simultane Einbringung multipler Gene (1)
- sinking velocities (1)
- skeletal age (1)
- snow cover duration (1)
- social class (1)
- social-ecological system (1)
- soil moisture (1)
- sources (1)
- spatial pattern formation (1)
- spatially explicit model (1)
- species coexistence (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spillovers (1)
- stable carbon isotopes (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- starch granule surface (1)
- starch metabolism (1)
- starch modifications; (1)
- starch phosphorylation (1)
- starch structure (1)
- starch surface (1)
- starch surface structure (1)
- sterility (1)
- stiffness (1)
- stimuli (1)
- stoichiometry (1)
- strategic growth adjustments (1)
- stress tolerance (1)
- structured correlation (1)
- subarctic vegetation change (1)
- sucrose; (1)
- summer eczema (1)
- sun1 (1)
- surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) (1)
- sus scrofa (1)
- synthetic biology (1)
- synurbisation (1)
- target enrichment (1)
- targeted therapy (1)
- technical advance (1)
- temperature response (1)
- terrestrial (1)
- thaliana (1)
- the Penman-Monteith equation (1)
- thermomorphogenesis (1)
- thioester (1)
- threatened (1)
- time series (1)
- toxic algal blooms (1)
- trait (1)
- trait dynamics (1)
- trans-Golgi Netzwerk (1)
- trans-Golgi network (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transect count (1)
- tree infilling (1)
- treeline (1)
- treeline ecotone (1)
- trophic position (1)
- trophic specialization (1)
- tundra-taiga (1)
- uPA (1)
- uPAR (1)
- ubiquitination (1)
- ungulates (1)
- unnatural amino acid (1)
- urban ecology (1)
- urbanization (1)
- urokinase (1)
- vegetation change (1)
- vegetation indices (1)
- vegetation migration (1)
- vesicle transport (1)
- vimentin (1)
- viral infections (1)
- virale Infektionen (1)
- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (1)
- volatile organische Substanzen (VOCs) (1)
- volatilome (1)
- vulgaris (1)
- wetlands (1)
- wildlife casualties (1)
- wildlife knowledge (1)
- wind energy bat conflict (1)
- xenophagy (1)
- xylem (1)
- zebularine (1)
- zooplankton (1)
- zooplankton carcasses (1)
- Ökokline (1)
- Ökosystemfunktionen (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (262)
- Extern (26)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (14)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (6)
- Institut für Chemie (3)
- Institut für Mathematik (1)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (1)
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (1)
- Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung (ZeLB) (1)
Pre-exposing (priming) plants to mild, non-lethal elevated temperature improves their tolerance to a later higher-temperature stress (triggering stimulus), which is of great ecological importance. 'Thermomemory' is maintaining this tolerance for an extended period of time. NAM/ATAF1/2/ CUC2 (NAC) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that modulate responses to abiotic stresses, including heat stress (HS). Here, we investigated the potential role of NACs for thermomemory. We determined the expression of 104 Ara bidopsis NAC genes after priming and triggering heat stimuli, and found ATAF1 expression is strongly induced right after priming and declines below control levels thereafter during thermorecovery. Knockout mutants of ATAF1 show better thermomemory than wild type, revealing a negative regulatory role. Differential expression analyses of RNA-seq data from ATAF1 overexpressor, ataf1 mutant and wild-type plants after heat priming revealed five genes that might be priming-associated direct targets of ATAF1: AT2G31260 (ATG9), AT2G41640 (GT61), AT3G44990 (XTH31), AT4G27720 and AT3G23540. Based on co-expression analyses applied to the aforementioned RNA-seq profiles, we identified ANAC055 to be transcriptionally co-regulated with ATAF1. Like atafl, anac055 mutants show improved thermomemory, revealing a potential co-control of both NACTFs over thermomemory. Our data reveals a core importance of two NAC transcription factors, ATAF1 and ANAC055, for thermomemory.
Vegetation change at high latitudes is one of the central issues nowadays with respect to ongoing climate changes and triggered potential feedback. At high latitude ecosystems, the expected changes include boreal treeline advance, compositional, phenological, physiological (plants), biomass (phytomass) and productivity changes. However, the rate and the extent of the changes under climate change are yet poorly understood and projections are necessary for effective adaptive strategies and forehanded minimisation of the possible negative feedbacks.
The vegetation itself and environmental conditions, which are playing a great role in its development and distribution are diverse throughout the Subarctic to the Arctic. Among the least investigated areas is central Chukotka in North-Eastern Siberia, Russia. Chukotka has mountainous terrain and a wide variety of vegetation types on the gradient from treeless tundra to northern taiga forests. The treeline there in contrast to subarctic North America and north-western and central Siberia is represented by a deciduous conifer, Larix cajanderi Mayr. The vegetation varies from prostrate lichen Dryas octopetala L. tundra to open graminoid (hummock and non-hummock) tundra to tall Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel shrublands to sparse and dense larch forests.
Hence, this thesis presents investigations on recent compositional and above-ground biomass (AGB) changes, as well as potential future changes in AGB in central Chukotka. The aim is to assess how tundra-taiga vegetation develops under changing climate conditions particularly in Fareast Russia, central Chukotka. Therefore, three main research questions were considered:
1) What changes in vegetation composition have recently occurred in central Chukotka?
2) How have the above-ground biomass AGB rates and distribution changed in central Chukotka?
3) What are the spatial dynamics and rates of tree AGB change in the upcoming millennia in the northern tundra-taiga of central Chukotka?
Remote sensing provides information on the spatial and temporal variability of vegetation. I used Landsat satellite data together with field data (foliage projective cover and AGB) from two expeditions in 2016 and 2018 to Chukotka to upscale vegetation types and AGB for the study area. More specifically, I used Landsat spectral indices (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalised Difference Snow Index (NDSI)) and constrained ordination (Redundancy analysis, RDA) for further k-means-based land-cover classification and general additive model (GAM)-based AGB maps for 2000/2001/2002 and 2016/2017. I also used Tandem-X DEM data for a topographical correction of the Landsat satellite data and to derive slope, aspect, and Topographical Wetness Index (TWI) data for forecasting AGB.
Firstly, in 2016, taxa-specific projective cover data were collected during a Russian-German expedition. I processed the field data and coupled them with Landsat spectral Indices in the RDA model that was used for k-means classification. I could establish four meaningful land-cover classes: (1) larch closed-canopy forest, (2) forest tundra and shrub tundra, (3) graminoid tundra and (4) prostrate herb tundra and barren areas, and accordingly, I produced the land cover maps for 2000/2001/2002 and 2016/20017. Changes in land-cover classes between the beginning of the century (2000/2001/2002) and the present time (2016/2017) were estimated and interpreted as recent compositional changes in central Chukotka. The transition from graminoid tundra to forest tundra and shrub tundra was interpreted as shrubification and amounts to a 20% area increase in the tundra-taiga zone and 40% area increase in the northern taiga. Major contributors of shrubification are alder, dwarf birch and some species of the heather family. Land-cover change from the forest tundra and shrub tundra class to the larch closed-canopy forest class is interpreted as tree infilling and is notable in the northern taiga. We find almost no land-cover changes in the present treeless tundra.
Secondly, total AGB state and change were investigated for the same areas. In addition to the total vegetation AGB, I provided estimations for the different taxa present at the field sites. As an outcome, AGB in the study region of central Chukotka ranged from 0 kg m-2 at barren areas to 16 kg m-2 in closed-canopy forests with the larch trees contributing the highest. A comparison of changes in AGB within the investigated period from 2000 to 2016 shows that the greatest changes (up to 1.25 kg m 2 yr 1) occurred in the northern taiga and in areas where land cover changed to larch closed-canopy forest. Our estimations indicate a general increase in total AGB throughout the investigated tundra-taiga and northern taiga, whereas the tundra showed no evidence of change in AGB within the 15 years from 2002 to 2017.
In the third manuscript, potential future AGB changes were estimated based on the results of simulations of the individual-based spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI using different climate scenarios, depending on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 with or without cooling after 2300 CE. LAVESI-based AGB was simulated for the current state until 3000 CE for the northern tundra-taiga study area for larch species because we expect the most notable changes to occur will be associated with forest expansion in the treeline ecotone. The spatial distribution and current state of tree AGB was validated against AGB field data, AGB extracted from Landsat satellite data and a high spatial resolution image with distinctive trees visible. The simulation results are indicating differences in tree AGB dynamics plot wise, depending on the distance to the current treeline. The simulated tree AGB dynamics are in concordance with fundamental ecological (emigrational and successional) processes: tree stand formation in simulated results starts with seed dispersion, tree stand establishment, tree stand densification and episodic thinning. Our results suggest mostly densification of existing tree stands in the study region within the current century in the study region and a lagged forest expansion (up to 39% of total area in the RCP 8.5) under all considered climate scenarios without cooling in different local areas depending on the closeness to the current treeline. In scenarios with cooling air temperature after 2300 CE, forests stopped expanding at 2300 CE (up to 10%, RCP 8.5) and then gradually retreated to their pre-21st century position. The average tree AGB rates of increase are the strongest in the first 300 years of the 21st century. The rates depend on the RCP scenario, where the highest are as expected under RCP 8.5.
Overall, this interdisciplinary thesis shows a successful integration of field data, satellite data and modelling for tracking recent and predicting future vegetation changes in mountainous subarctic regions. The obtained results are unique for the focus area in central Chukotka and overall, for mountainous high latitude ecosystems.
Arctic and alpine aquatic ecosystems are changing rapidly under recent global warming, threatening water resources by diminishing trophic status and changing biotic composition. Macrophytes play a key role in the ecology of freshwaters and we need to improve our understanding of long-term macrophytes diversity and environmental change so far limited by the sporadic presence of macrofossils in sediments.
In our study, we applied metabarcoding using the trnL P6 loop marker to retrieve macrophyte richness and composition from 179 surface-sediment samples from arctic Siberian and alpine Chinese lakes and three representative lake cores.
The surface-sediment dataset suggests that macrophyte richness and composition are mostly affected by temperature and conductivity, with highest richness when mean July temperatures are higher than 12 degrees C and conductivity ranges between 40 and 400 mu S cm(-1). Compositional turnover during the Late Pleistocene/Holocene is minor in Siberian cores and characterized by a less rich, but stable emergent macrophyte community. Richness decreases during the Last Glacial Maximum and rises during wetter and warmer climate in the Late-glacial and Mid-Holocene.
In contrast, we detect a pronounced change from emergent to submerged taxa at 14 ka in the Tibetan alpine core, which can be explained by increasing temperature and conductivity due to glacial runoff and evaporation.
Our study provides evidence for the suitability of the trnL marker to recover modern and past macrophyte diversity and its applicability for the response of macrophyte diversity to lake-hydrochemical and climate variability predicting contrasting macrophyte changes in arctic and alpine lakes under intensified warming and human impact.
Variations in regional temperature have widespread implications for society, but our understanding of the amplitude and origin of long-term natural variability is insufficient for accurate regional projections. This is especially the case for terrestrial temperature variability, which is currently thought to be weak over long timescales. By performing spectral analysis on climate reconstructions, produced using sedimentary pollen records from the Northern Hemisphere over the last 8,000 years, coupled with instrumental data, we provide a comprehensive estimate of regional temperature variability from annual to millennial timescales. We show that short-term random variations are overprinted by strong ocean-driven climate variability on multi-decadal and longer timescales. This may cause substantial and potentially unpredictable regional climatic shifts in the coming century, in contrast to the relatively muted and homogeneous warming projected by climate models. Due to the marine influence, regions characterized by stable oceanic climate at sub-decadal timescales experience stronger long-term variability, and continental regions with higher sub-decadal variability show weaker long-term variability. This fundamental relationship between the timescales provides a unique insight into the emergence of a marine-driven low-frequency regime governing terrestrial climate variability and sets the basis to project the amplitude of temperature fluctuations on multi-decadal timescales and longer.
Temperature variability over land is enhanced by ocean temperature fluctuations on millennial timescales, with implications for regional-scale climate change, according to an analysis of Northern Hemisphere proxy records and observations.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an herbaceous annual crop of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae). It is increasingly cultivated for its nutritious grains, which are rich in protein and essential amino acids, lipids, and minerals. Quinoa exhibits a high tolerance towards various abiotic stresses including drought and salinity, which supports its agricultural cultivation under climate change conditions. The use of quinoa grains is compromised by anti-nutritional saponins, a terpenoid class of secondary metabolites deposited in the seed coat; their removal before consumption requires extensive washing, an economically and environmentally unfavorable process; or their accumulation can be reduced through breeding. In this study, we analyzed the seed metabolomes, including amino acids, fatty acids, and saponins, from 471 quinoa cultivars, including two related species, by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Additionally, we determined a large number of agronomic traits including biomass, flowering time, and seed yield. The results revealed considerable diversity between genotypes and provide a knowledge base for future breeding or genome editing of quinoa.
The dynamics of grassland ecosystems are highly complex due to multifaceted interactions among their soil, water, and vegetation components.
Precise simulations of grassland productivity therefore rely on accurately estimating a variety of parameters that characterize different processes of these systems.
This study applied three calibration schemes - a Single-Objective (SO-SUFI2), a Multi-Objective Pareto (MO-Pareto), and, a novel Uncertainty-Based Multi-Objective (MO-SUFI2) - to estimate the parameters of MONICA (Model for Nitrogen and Carbon Simulation) agro-ecosystem model in grassland ecosystems across Germany.
The MO-Pareto model is based on a traditional Pareto optimality concept, while the MO-SUFI2 optimizes multiple target variables considering their level of prediction uncertainty.
We used measurements of leaf area index, aboveground biomass, and soil moisture from experimental data at five sites with different intensities of cutting regimes (from two to five cutting events per season) to evaluate model performance.
Both MO-Pareto and MO-SUFI2 outperformed SO-SUFI2 during calibration and validation.
The comparison of the two MO approaches shows that they do not necessarily conflict with each other, but MO-SUFI2 provides complementary information for better estimations of model parameter uncertainty.
We used the obtained parameter ranges to simulate grassland productivity across Germany under different cutting regimes and quantified the uncertainty associated with estimated productivity across regions.
The results showed higher uncertainty in intensively managed grasslands compared to extensively managed grasslands, partially due to a lack of high-resolution input information concerning cutting dates. Furthermore, the additional information on the quantified uncertainty provided by our proposed MO-SUFI2 method adds deeper insights on confidence levels of estimated productivity.
Benefiting from additional management data collected at high resolution and ground measurements on the composition of grassland species mixtures appear to be promising solutions to reduce uncertainty and increase model reliability.
A bacterial effector counteracts host autophagy by promoting degradation of an autophagy component
(2022)
Beyond its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays anti- and promicrobial roles in host-microbe interactions, both in animals and plants.
One prominent role of antimicrobial autophagy is to degrade intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules, in a process termed xenophagy.
Consequently, microbes evolved mechanisms to hijack or modulate autophagy to escape elimination.
Although well-described in animals, the extent to which xenophagy contributes to plant-bacteria interactions remains unknown.
Here, we provide evidence that Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) suppresses host autophagy by utilizing type-III effector XopL. XopL interacts with and degrades the autophagy component SH3P2 via its E3 ligase activity to promote infection.
Intriguingly, XopL is targeted for degradation by defense-related selective autophagy mediated by NBR1/Joka2, revealing a complex antagonistic interplay between XopL and the host autophagy machinery.
Our results implicate plant antimicrobial autophagy in the depletion of a bacterial virulence factor and unravel an unprecedented pathogen strategy to counteract defense-related autophagy in plant-bacteria interactions.
The contribution of dead zooplankton biomass to carbon cycle in aquatic ecosystems is practically unknown. Using abundance data of zooplankton in water column and dead zooplankton in sediment traps in Lake Stechlin, an ecological-mathematical model was developed to simulate the abundance and sinking of zooplankton carcasses and predict the related release of labile organic matter (LOM) into the water column. We found species-specific differences in mortality rate of the dominant zooplankton: Daphnia cucullata, Bosmina coregoni and Diaphanosoma brachyurum (0.008, 0.129 and 0.020 day(-1), respectively) and differences in their carcass sinking velocities in metalimnion (and hypolimnion): 2.1 (7.64), 14.0 (19.5) and 1.1 (5.9) m day(-1), respectively. Our model simulating formation and degradation processes of dead zooplankton predicted a bimodal distribution of the released LOM: epilimnic and metalimnic peaks of comparable intensity, ca. 1 mg DW m(-3) day(-1). Maximum degradation of carcasses up to ca. 1.7 mg DW m(-3) day(-1) occurred in the density gradient zone of metalimnion. LOM released from zooplankton carcasses into the surrounding water may stimulate microbial activity and facilitate microbial degradation of more refractory organic matter; therefore, dead zooplankton are expected to be an integral part of water column carbon source/sink dynamics in stratified lakes.
Climate change and human-driven eutrophication promote the spread of harmful cyanobacteria blooms in lakes worldwide, which affects water quality and impairs the aquatic food chain. In recent times, sedimentary ancient DNA-based (sedaDNA) studies were used to probe how centuries of climate and environmental changes have affected cyanobacterial assemblages in temperate lakes. However, there is a lack of information on the consistency between sediment-deposited cyanobacteria communities versus those of the water column, and on the individual role of natural climatic changes versus human pressure on cyanobacteria community dynamics over multi-millennia time scales.
Therefore, this thesis uses sedimentary ancient DNA of Lake Tiefer See in northeastern Germany to trace the deposition of cyanobacteria along the water column into the sediment, and to reconstruct cyanobacteria communities spanning the last 11,000 years using a set of molecular techniques including quantitative PCR, biomarkers, metabarcoding, and metagenome sequence analyses.
The results of this thesis proved that cyanobacterial composition and species richness did not significantly differ among different water depths, sediment traps, and surface sediments. This means that the cyanobacterial community composition from the sediments reflects the water column communities. However, there is a skewed sediment deposition of different cyanobacteria groups because of DNA alteration and/or deterioration during transport along the water column to the sediment. Specifically, single filament taxa, such as Planktothrix, are poorly represented in sediments despite being abundant in the water column as shown by an additional study of the thesis on cyanobacteria seasonality. In contrast, aggregate-forming taxa, like Aphanizomenon, are relatively overrepresented in sediment although they are not abundant in the water column. These different deposition patterns of cyanobacteria taxa should be considered in future DNA-based paleolimnological investigations. The thesis also reveals a substantial increase in total cyanobacteria abundance during the Bronze Age which is not apparent in prior phases of the early to middle Holocene and is suggested to be caused by human farming, deforestation, and excessive nutrient addition to the lake. Not only cyanobacterial abundance was influenced by human activity but also cyanobacteria community composition differed significantly between phases of no, moderate, and intense human impact.
The data presented in this thesis are the first on sedimentary cyanobacteria DNA since the early Holocene in a temperate lake. The results bring together archaeological, historical climatic, and limnological data with deep DNA-sequencing and paleoecology to reveal a legacy impact of human pressure on lake cyanobacteria populations dating back to approximately 4000 years.
The deciduous needle tree larch (Larix Mill.) covers more than 80% of the Asian boreal forests. Only a few Larix species constitute the vast forests and these species differ markedly in their ecological traits, most importantly in their ability to grow on and stabilize underlying permafrost. The pronounced dominance of the summergreen larches makes the Asian boreal forests unique, as the rest of the northern hemisphere boreal forests is almost exclusively dominated by evergreen needle-leaf forests. Global warming is impacting the whole world but is especially pronounced in the arctic and boreal regions. Although adapted to extreme climatic conditions, larch forests are sensitive to varying climatic conditions. By their sheer size, changes in Asian larch forests as range shifts or changes in species composition and the resulting vegetation-climate feedbacks are of global relevance. It is however still uncertain if larch forests will persist under the ongoing warming climate or if they will be replaced by evergreen forests. It is therefore of great importance to understand how these ecosystems will react to future climate warmings and if they will maintain their dominance. One step in the better understanding of larch dynamics is to study how the vast dominant forests developed and why they only established in northern Asia. A second step is to study how the species reacted to past changes in the climate.
The first objective of this thesis was to review and identify factors promoting Asian larch dominance. I achieved this by synthesizing and comparing reported larch occurrences and influencing components on the northern hemisphere continents in the present and in the past. The second objective was to find a possibility to directly study past Larix populations in Siberia and specifically their genetic variation, enabling the study of geographic movements. For this, I established chloroplast enrichment by hybridization capture from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) isolated from lake sediment records. The third objective was to use the established method to track past larch populations, their glacial refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) around 21,000 years before present (ka BP), and their post-glacial migration patterns.
To study larch promoting factors, I compared the present state of larch species ranges, areas of dominance, their bioclimatic niches, and the distribution on different extents and thaw depths of permafrost. The species comparison showed that the bioclimatic niches greatly overlap between the American and Asian species and that it is only in the extremely continental climates in which only the Asian larch species can persist. I revealed that the area of dominance is strongly connected to permafrost extent but less linked to permafrost seasonal thaw depths. Comparisons of the paleorecord of larch between the continents suggest differences in the recolonization history. Outside of northern Asia and Alaska, glacial refugial populations of larch were confined to the southern regions and thus recolonization could only occur as migration from south to north. Alaskan larch populations could not establish wide-range dominant forest which could be related to their own genetically depletion as separated refugial population. In Asia, it is still unclear whether or not the northern refugial populations contributed and enhanced the postglacial colonization or whether they were replaced by populations invading from the south in the course of climate warming. Asian larch dominance is thus promoted partly by adaptions to extremely continental climates and by adaptations to grow on continuous permafrost but could be also connected to differences in glacial survival and recolonization history of Larix species.
Except for extremely rare macrofossil findings of fossilized cones, traditional methods to study past vegetation are not able to distinguish between larch species or populations. Within the scope of this thesis, I therefore established a method to retrieve genetic information of past larch populations to distinguish between species. Using the Larix chloroplast genome as target, I successfully applied the method of DNA target enrichment by hybridization capture on sedaDNA samples from lake records and showed that it is able to distinguish between larch species. I then used the method on samples from lake records from across Siberia dating back up to 50 ka BP. The results allowed me to address the question of glacial survival and post-glacial recolonization mode in Siberian larch species. The analyzed pattern showed that LGM refugia were almost exclusively constituted by L. gmelinii, even in sites of current L. sibirica distribution. For included study sites, L. sibirica migrated into its extant northern distribution area only in the Holocene. Consequently, the post-glacial recolonization of L. sibirica was not enhanced by northern glacial refugia. In case of sites in extant distribution area of L. gmelinii, the absence of a genetic turn-over point to a continuous population rather than an invasion of southern refugia. The results suggest that climate has a strong influence on the distribution of Larix species and that species may also respond differently to future climate warming. Because species differ in their ecological characteristics, species distribution is also relevant with respect to further feedbacks between vegetation and climate.
With this thesis, I give an overview of present and past larch occurrences and evaluate which factors promote their dominance. Furthermore, I provide the tools to study past Larix species and give first important insights into the glacial history of Larix populations.