Institut für Physik und Astronomie
Filtern
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (711) (entfernen)
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2024 (9)
- 2023 (28)
- 2022 (33)
- 2021 (34)
- 2020 (60)
- 2019 (29)
- 2018 (33)
- 2017 (30)
- 2016 (31)
- 2015 (108)
- 2014 (26)
- 2013 (17)
- 2012 (20)
- 2011 (23)
- 2010 (13)
- 2009 (14)
- 2008 (12)
- 2007 (37)
- 2006 (21)
- 2005 (27)
- 2004 (30)
- 2003 (12)
- 2002 (8)
- 2001 (8)
- 2000 (5)
- 1999 (5)
- 1998 (6)
- 1997 (7)
- 1996 (7)
- 1995 (8)
- 1994 (8)
- 1989 (1)
- 1972 (1)
Dokumenttyp
- Dissertation (403)
- Postprint (136)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (88)
- Preprint (35)
- Habilitation (21)
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (11)
- Masterarbeit (11)
- Monographie/Sammelband (3)
- Lehrmaterial (2)
- Bachelorarbeit (1)
Schlagworte
- Synchronisation (19)
- diffusion (19)
- data analysis (13)
- synchronization (13)
- Datenanalyse (12)
- Klimawandel (10)
- Nichtlineare Dynamik (10)
- Spektroskopie (9)
- Synchronization (9)
- anomalous diffusion (9)
- Astrophysik (8)
- Chaos (8)
- Galaxien (8)
- Gravitationswellen (8)
- climate change (8)
- stochastic processes (8)
- Arktis (7)
- astrophysics (7)
- atmosphere (7)
- spectroscopy (7)
- Atmosphäre (6)
- Biophysik (6)
- Kosmologie (6)
- Magnetismus (6)
- Magnetohydrodynamik (6)
- Polymere (6)
- Quasare (6)
- Reflexion (6)
- Sternentwicklung (6)
- chaos (6)
- complex networks (6)
- galaxies (6)
- gravitational waves (6)
- molecular motors (6)
- nonlinear dynamics (6)
- organic solar cells (6)
- thin films (6)
- Arctic (5)
- Exoplaneten (5)
- Gammastrahlungsastronomie (5)
- Lidar (5)
- Stochastische Prozesse (5)
- Strahlungstransport (5)
- Turbulenz (5)
- azobenzene (5)
- black holes (5)
- cosmic rays (5)
- dynamics (5)
- exoplanets (5)
- galaxy evolution (5)
- gamma-ray astronomy (5)
- integral field spectroscopy (5)
- komplexe Netzwerke (5)
- kosmische Strahlung (5)
- magnetism (5)
- molecular dynamics (5)
- molekulare Motoren (5)
- numerical relativity (5)
- polymers (5)
- radiative transfer (5)
- simulation (5)
- star formation (5)
- stellar activity (5)
- stellar evolution (5)
- turbulence (5)
- ultrafast (5)
- Astronomie (4)
- Astroteilchenphysik (4)
- Ellipsometrie (4)
- Ferroelektrete (4)
- Fluoreszenz (4)
- Gitterdynamik (4)
- Kuramoto model (4)
- Nanopartikel (4)
- Nanostruktur (4)
- Oberfläche (4)
- Oberflächengitter (4)
- Phase (4)
- Physik (4)
- Physikdidaktik (4)
- Polyelektrolyt (4)
- Rauschen (4)
- Röntgenspektroskopie (4)
- Simulation (4)
- Simulationen (4)
- Sterne (4)
- Sternentstehung (4)
- Zeitreihenanalyse (4)
- biophysics (4)
- cosmology (4)
- fluorescence (4)
- general relativity (4)
- machine learning (4)
- massive stars (4)
- microlensing (4)
- noise (4)
- perovskite solar cells (4)
- physics (4)
- stars (4)
- stellar physics (4)
- supernova remnants (4)
- surface (4)
- transport (4)
- ultrafast dynamics (4)
- 2D (3)
- Adhäsion (3)
- Adsorption (3)
- Aerosol (3)
- Antarktis (3)
- Datenassimilation (3)
- Diffusion (3)
- Dynamik (3)
- Galaxienentwicklung (3)
- Gammastrahlung (3)
- H.E.S.S. (3)
- Hydrodynamik (3)
- Integrated Assessment (3)
- Klimatologie (3)
- Ladungstransport (3)
- Lehrkräftebildung (3)
- MHD (3)
- Magnetisierungsdynamik (3)
- Molekulardynamik (3)
- Motilität (3)
- Netzwerke (3)
- Nicht-Fulleren-Akzeptoren (3)
- Nonlinear Dynamics (3)
- Organische Solarzellen (3)
- Ozon (3)
- Perowskit (3)
- Phasenübergang (3)
- Photoelektronenspektroskopie (3)
- Photovoltaik (3)
- Physics Education (3)
- Polyelektrolyte (3)
- Quantengravitation (3)
- Quantenoptik (3)
- Quasar (3)
- Rashba effect (3)
- Rashba-Effekt (3)
- Reflexivität (3)
- Rekurrenzanalyse (3)
- Resonanzenergietransfer (3)
- Röntgenbeugung (3)
- Saturn (3)
- Schwarze Löcher (3)
- Sonnenkorona (3)
- Sternaktivität (3)
- Sternwinde (3)
- Strahlungsgürtel (3)
- Supernovaüberreste (3)
- Synchrotronstrahlung (3)
- Teilchenbeschleunigung (3)
- Theorie (3)
- Unsicherheitsanalyse (3)
- Wellenleiter (3)
- X-ray diffraction (3)
- Zelladhäsion (3)
- adsorption (3)
- astroparticle physics (3)
- bacteria (3)
- cell adhesion (3)
- complex systems (3)
- dynamical systems (3)
- dünne Schichten (3)
- ferroelectrets (3)
- ferroelectric polymers (3)
- filaments (3)
- fractional Brownian motion (3)
- galaxy structure (3)
- graphene (3)
- hydrodynamics (3)
- hypersound (3)
- hysteresis (3)
- intergalactic medium (3)
- intergalaktisches Medium (3)
- lattice dynamics (3)
- magnetic fields (3)
- magnetohydrodynamics (3)
- massereiche Sterne (3)
- model (3)
- models (3)
- nanoparticles (3)
- nanostructure (3)
- networks (3)
- nonergodicity (3)
- organische Halbleiter (3)
- organische Solarzellen (3)
- particle acceleration (3)
- perovskite (3)
- phase oscillators (3)
- phase transition (3)
- phase transitions (3)
- physics education (3)
- prediction (3)
- quantum gravity (3)
- quasar (3)
- quasars (3)
- radiation belts (3)
- random diffusivity (3)
- resonant energy transfer (3)
- schwarze Löcher (3)
- statistical models (3)
- statistische Modelle (3)
- stellar populations (3)
- stellar winds (3)
- stochastische Prozesse (3)
- surface relief grating (3)
- synchrotron radiation (3)
- thiouracil (3)
- ultrafast x-ray diffraction (3)
- ultraschnell (3)
- uncertainty analysis (3)
- 1D (2)
- 3D (2)
- AGN (2)
- ARPES (2)
- Aerosole (2)
- Akkretion (2)
- Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie (2)
- Anfangsdaten (2)
- Anisotropie (2)
- Antarctica (2)
- Anthropogene Klimaänderung (2)
- Astrophotonik (2)
- Astrophysics (2)
- Bakterien (2)
- Benetzung (2)
- Blazar (2)
- Bose-Einstein condensation (2)
- Brillouin scattering (2)
- Casimir-Polder interaction (2)
- Climate Change (2)
- Computertomographie (2)
- Crab Nebula (2)
- Dark Matter (2)
- Displays (2)
- Dunkle Materie (2)
- Dynamische Systeme (2)
- Dynamo (2)
- Eigenspannung (2)
- Elektret (2)
- Elektronenbeschleunigung (2)
- Entscheidung bei Unsicherheit (2)
- Entstehung der Milchstraße (2)
- Erdbeben (2)
- Extremereignisse (2)
- FLASH (2)
- Fernerkundung (2)
- Ferroelektret (2)
- Ferroelektrika (2)
- Filament (2)
- Filamente (2)
- Freie-Elektronen-Laser (2)
- Frequenzkonversion (2)
- Galactic center (2)
- Galaktische Archäologie (2)
- Galaxie (2)
- Galaxienhaufen (2)
- Gammaastronomie (2)
- Graphen (2)
- Gravitationslinsen (2)
- Gravitationslinseneffekt (2)
- Greenland (2)
- Gyrochronologie (2)
- H.E.S.S (2)
- Hochdruck (2)
- Hysterese (2)
- In-situ Experimente (2)
- Indian Monsoon (2)
- Indischer Monsun (2)
- Integral field spectroscopy (2)
- Integralfieldspektroskopie (2)
- Integrierte Bewertung (2)
- Intergalactic Medium (2)
- Intergalaktisches Medium (2)
- Jets (2)
- Kalman filter (2)
- Klima (2)
- Kolloides System (2)
- Kompensatoren (2)
- Komplexe Systeme (2)
- Kopplung (2)
- Krebsnebel (2)
- Kuramoto-Modell (2)
- Laserstrahlschmelzen (2)
- Lattice dynamics (2)
- Lokalisierung (2)
- Löschkurve (2)
- Magnetfelder (2)
- Maschinelles Lernen (2)
- Meereis (2)
- Membran (2)
- Meteorologie (2)
- Microlensing (2)
- Mikrolinsen (2)
- Milchstraße (2)
- Milky Way (2)
- Milky Way evolution (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- Molekularer Motor (2)
- Monsun (2)
- Morphogenese (2)
- Morphologie (2)
- NEXAFS (2)
- NLO (2)
- Nichtgleichgewicht (2)
- Noise-induced phenomena (2)
- OLED (2)
- Orgelpfeife (2)
- Oszillatoren (2)
- P(VDF-TrFE) (2)
- PDLC (2)
- Paläoklimatologie (2)
- Perowskit Solarzellen (2)
- Phasenübergänge (2)
- Phononen (2)
- Photoalignment (2)
- Photochemie (2)
- Photometrie (2)
- Photoorientierung (2)
- Physik Lehramt (2)
- Piezoelektrizität (2)
- Plasmaphysik (2)
- Polyelectrolyte (2)
- Polypropylen (2)
- Prognose (2)
- Quantendraht (2)
- Quantenfeldtheorie (2)
- Quasars (2)
- RIXS (2)
- Raumzeitgeometrie (2)
- Rauschinduzierte Phänomene (2)
- Rekonstruktionsmethoden (2)
- SHG (2)
- Selbstorganisation (2)
- Silizium (2)
- Solar corona (2)
- Solarzellen (2)
- Sonne (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Statistik (2)
- Sternatmosphären (2)
- Sternphysik (2)
- Stochastische Resonanz (2)
- Stochastischer Prozess (2)
- Substrat (2)
- Supernovaüberrest (2)
- Supraleiter (2)
- Surrogate Data (2)
- Synchronisierung (2)
- Theorie von Förster (2)
- Thiouracil (2)
- Ultrafast X-ray diffraction (2)
- Vesikel (2)
- Wechselwirkungsabstand (2)
- Wellenausbreitung (2)
- Wiederkehrdiagramme (2)
- Wissenschaftstheorie (2)
- X-ray (2)
- active galactic nuclei (2)
- additive Fertigung (2)
- additive manufacturing (2)
- adhesion (2)
- aerosol (2)
- allgemeine Relativitätstheorie (2)
- anisotropy (2)
- arctic (2)
- astronomy (2)
- astrophotonics (2)
- atom chip (2)
- azobenzene surfactant (2)
- binary black holes (2)
- brushes (2)
- cavity quantum electrodynamics (2)
- charge storage (2)
- charge transport (2)
- chemotaxis (2)
- chimera states (2)
- climate (2)
- compensation films (2)
- computed tomography (2)
- cooperative phenomena (2)
- cosmological simulations (2)
- cytoskeleton (2)
- dark matter (2)
- data assimilation (2)
- displays (2)
- dunkle Materie (2)
- dynamische Systeme (2)
- dynamo (2)
- efficiency (2)
- electret (2)
- electronic structure (2)
- elektronische Struktur (2)
- ellipsometry (2)
- energy (2)
- experiment (2)
- extrasolar planets (2)
- extreme events (2)
- eye movements (2)
- ferroelectret (2)
- ferroelectrics (2)
- films (2)
- first passage time (2)
- first-passage time (2)
- fluctuations (2)
- fluorescence microscopy (2)
- galactic astronomy (2)
- galaktisches Zentrum (2)
- galaxy formation (2)
- gamma rays (2)
- gamma-rays (2)
- geladene Systeme (2)
- globular clusters (2)
- gravitational lensing (2)
- gravity (2)
- gyrochronology (2)
- holography (2)
- impact (2)
- in-situ testing (2)
- initial data (2)
- instability (2)
- integrated optics (2)
- interaction distance (2)
- interface engineering (2)
- interfaces (2)
- kooperative Phänomene (2)
- laser powder bed fusion (2)
- lidar (2)
- magnetization dynamics (2)
- magnetostriction (2)
- mathematical modeling (2)
- mathematische Modellierung (2)
- membrane (2)
- meteorology (2)
- microscopy (2)
- mid-temperature transition (2)
- mode stability (2)
- modeling (2)
- molecular doping (2)
- morphology (2)
- motility (2)
- nanoscale heat transfer (2)
- nichtlineare Datenanalyse (2)
- nichtlineare Dynamik (2)
- nichtlineare Optik (2)
- non-fullerene acceptors (2)
- nonlinear time series analysis (2)
- nucleobases (2)
- numerical simulations (2)
- optical spectroscopy (2)
- optische Spektroskopie (2)
- organic semiconductor (2)
- organic semiconductors (2)
- organic solar cell (2)
- organische Elektronik (2)
- oscillations (2)
- ozone (2)
- particle-in-cell simulations (2)
- particles (2)
- pattern formation (2)
- phase (2)
- phase synchronization (2)
- photo-orientation (2)
- photoalignment (2)
- photochemistry (2)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- photoluminescence (2)
- photometry (2)
- photovoltaics (2)
- piezoelectric sensors (2)
- piezoelectricity (2)
- plasma physics (2)
- plasmonics (2)
- polyelectrolytes (2)
- polypropylene (2)
- power spectral analysis (2)
- power spectrum (2)
- projections (2)
- protein folding (2)
- pump-probe spectroscopy (2)
- quantum field theory (2)
- quantum optics (2)
- quenching curve (2)
- random walk (2)
- rare-earth metals (2)
- recombination (2)
- reconstruction methods (2)
- recurrence (2)
- recurrence analysis (2)
- recurrence plot (2)
- recurrence plots (2)
- recurrence quantification analysis (2)
- reduced dimensionality (2)
- reduzierte Dimensionalität (2)
- regional climate model (2)
- reionization (2)
- residual stress (2)
- rolling adhesion (2)
- roughness (2)
- sea ice (2)
- silicon (2)
- simulations (2)
- solar cells (2)
- stability (2)
- stars: abundances (2)
- statistical physics (2)
- statistics (2)
- statistische Physik (2)
- stellar atmospheres (2)
- stellar dynamics (2)
- stochastic resonance (2)
- substrate (2)
- supermassereiche Schwarze Löcher (2)
- supermassive black holes (2)
- supernova remnant (2)
- superstatistics (2)
- surface-relief gratings (2)
- swelling (2)
- theory (2)
- theory of Förster (2)
- time series analysis (2)
- transmission spectroscopy (2)
- trapping (2)
- ultraschnelle Dynamik (2)
- ultraschnelle Röntgendiffraktion (2)
- vesicle (2)
- waveguides (2)
- wetting (2)
- x-ray diffraction (2)
- x-ray spectroscopy (2)
- 'Reduced-Form' Modellierung (1)
- 'coupling sensitivity' (1)
- 1 (1)
- 2D Systeme (1)
- 2D Transport (1)
- 2D perovskites (1)
- 2D transport (1)
- 2d systems (1)
- 3 (1)
- 3 body recombination (1)
- 3D Modellierung (1)
- 3D Systeme (1)
- 3D field calculations (1)
- 3D-Feldsimulationen (1)
- 3D-modeling (1)
- 3d systems (1)
- 4-nitrobenzenethiol (1)
- 4-oxadiazol (1)
- 4-oxadiazole (1)
- 4T (1)
- AFM (1)
- AG (1)
- AMALi (1)
- ATP hydrolysis (1)
- ATP-Hydrolyse (1)
- AU (1)
- Abbau von Boten-RNS (1)
- Absorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- Abwärme (1)
- Accretion (1)
- Active Galactic Nuclei (1)
- Adhesion (1)
- Adhäsionscluster (1)
- Adsorptionsschichten (1)
- Aerosol und Wolken Lidar (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- Agglomerate (1)
- Agglomeration (1)
- Aggregates (1)
- Airborne Aerosol and Cloud Lidar (1)
- Akkretionsscheiben (1)
- Aktin (1)
- Aktinfilamente (1)
- Aktive Galaxie (1)
- Aktive Galaxienkerne (1)
- Aktiven Galaxienkerne (1)
- Aktivität (1)
- Aktomyosin (1)
- Aktuation (1)
- Aktuatoren (1)
- Akustik (1)
- Alfv´en mode MHD turbulence (1)
- Alfv´en-Modus MHD-Turbulenz (1)
- Alignment (1)
- Alkane (1)
- Allgemeine Zirkulation (1)
- Allgemeine atmosphärische Zirkulation (1)
- Alpha-Effekt (1)
- Alternative Akzeptorpolymere (1)
- Amazon rainforest (1)
- Amphiphile Verbindungen (1)
- Anderson (1)
- Angle- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (1)
- Anharmonizität (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Anomal (1)
- Anomalous (1)
- Anrege-Abtast Spektroskopie (1)
- Anregungs-Abfrage-Experiment (1)
- Anregungs-Abfrage-Spektroskopie (1)
- Antarctic (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antibiotika-Toleranz (1)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (1)
- Antiferromagnetisch (1)
- Antiferromagnetismus (1)
- Antimikrobielle Peptide (1)
- Antrieb (1)
- Arctic Haze (1)
- Arctic Oscillation (1)
- Arctic aerosol (1)
- Arctic atmosphere (1)
- Arctic boundary layer (1)
- Arctic haze (1)
- Arctic-midlatitude linkages (1)
- Arktische Nebel (1)
- Arktische Oszillation (1)
- Aromaticity (1)
- Aromatizität (1)
- Assemblierung (1)
- Asteroiden (1)
- Asteroseismologie (1)
- Astrobiologie (1)
- Astrometrie (1)
- Astronomical instrumentation (1)
- Astronomy (1)
- Astroteilchen (1)
- Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation (1)
- Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (1)
- Atlantischer Ozean (1)
- Atmosphärendynamik (1)
- Atmosphärenforschung (1)
- Atmosphärenmodellierung (1)
- Atom chip (1)
- Atom-Chips (1)
- Atom-Oberflächenwechselwirkung (1)
- Atomchip (1)
- Atomic Force Microscope (1)
- Atomoptik (1)
- Attraktorrekonstruktion (1)
- Au(111) (1)
- Augenbewegungen (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Auger-Meitner electron spectroscopy (1)
- Auger–Meitner (1)
- Ausbreitung (1)
- Ausbreitung der kosmischen Strahlung (1)
- Ausbreitung planetarer Wellen (1)
- Austausch zwischen zwei Spezies (1)
- Autokorrelation (1)
- Azobenenzen (1)
- Azobenzen (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- Azobenzene containing surfactant (1)
- Azobenzol enthaltende Moleküle (1)
- Azobenzol enthaltendes Tensid (1)
- Azobenzol-haltiges Tensid (1)
- Azobenzolhaltige Polymerfilme (1)
- BESSY II. (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1)
- Bacterial biofilms (1)
- Bandenenergien (1)
- Bandenprofil (1)
- Barokline Instabilität (1)
- Bayesian estimation (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Bayessche Schätzer (1)
- Bayessche Statistik (1)
- Begleitgalaxien (1)
- Bemessungshochwasser (1)
- Bending energy (1)
- Benetzungsübergang (1)
- Beobachtungen (1)
- Beobachtungen mit TESS (1)
- Beugung niederenergetischer Elektronen (1)
- Beugungseffizienz (1)
- Bi2Se3 (1)
- Bi2Te3 (1)
- Biegeenergie (1)
- Bifurkationsanalyse (1)
- Bilanz (1)
- Bilddatenanalyse (1)
- Bilirubin oxidase (1)
- Bindungsinteraktion (1)
- Bio-Hybrid (1)
- Bio-Hybridsystem (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Biological defense mechanisms (1)
- Biomechanik (1)
- Biomembranen (1)
- Biomoleküle (1)
- Biopolymere (1)
- Bistability (1)
- Bistabilität (1)
- Blickbewegungen (1)
- Blockcopolymere (1)
- Bogoliubov theory (1)
- Bogoliubov-Theorie (1)
- Bose-Einstein Kondensation (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) (1)
- Bose-Einstein-Kondensation (1)
- Bosegas (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Brain Code (1)
- Brechungsindex von Azobenzol-haltigen Tensiden (1)
- Brillouin Streuung (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion (1)
- Budgetstudie (1)
- Budgetstudien (1)
- Bugwellenschocks (1)
- Bulge (1)
- C-Fluss (1)
- C-Senke (1)
- CALIPSO (1)
- CLSM (1)
- CM(-1) (1)
- CT Komplex (1)
- CT complex (1)
- CVD (1)
- Capella (1)
- Capsule (1)
- Carbonfaser Herstellung (1)
- Cascading (1)
- Casimir effect (1)
- Casimir-Effekt (1)
- Casimir-Polder Wechselwirkung (1)
- Casimir-Polder-Interaktion (1)
- Cassini<Raumsonde> (1)
- Cassiopeia A (1)
- Cell-cell adhesion (1)
- Cepstrum (1)
- Chalcopyrite (1)
- Chalkopyrit (1)
- Chaostheorie (1)
- Chaotic dynamics (1)
- Chaotische Dynamik (1)
- Chaotische Oszillationen (1)
- Chaotische Sattel (1)
- Charakterisierung Planetenatmosphären (1)
- Charge Transport (1)
- Charge recombination (1)
- Charge-Storage (1)
- Charged Systems (1)
- Chebyshev inequality (1)
- Chemical Abundances (1)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (1)
- Chemie-Transport-Modell (1)
- Chemodynamik der Milchstraße (1)
- Chemokinematik der Milchstraße (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Chemotaxsis (1)
- Cherenkov showers (1)
- Cherenkov telescopes (1)
- Cherenkov-Schauern (1)
- Cherenkov-Teleskope (1)
- Chimäre-Zustände (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromhexacarbonyl (1)
- Chromosphere (1)
- Chromosphäre (1)
- Circumgalactic Medium (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climatology (1)
- Cloze predictability (1)
- Cloze-Vorhersagbarkeit (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Cobalt thin film (1)
- Coherence (1)
- Compacton (1)
- Complementarity (1)
- Complex (1)
- Complex Network (1)
- Complex networks (1)
- Computed Tomography (1)
- Computertomography (1)
- Conic compartments (1)
- Content Knowledge (1)
- Continuous Wavelet Spectral Analysis (1)
- Convection (1)
- Copper Phthalocyanine (1)
- Core-Collapse Supernovae (1)
- Coriolis Effekt (1)
- Coriolis effect (1)
- Correlation Analysis (1)
- Cosmic Dust (1)
- Cosmology (1)
- Coster–Kronig (1)
- Coupled Systems (1)
- Cross-Recurrence-Plot (1)
- CuInS2 (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cytochrome c (1)
- DFB laser (1)
- DFB-Laser (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA-Schädigung (1)
- DNS (1)
- DNS-Bindungsproteine (1)
- Damped Lyman alpha (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data assimilation (1)
- Daten Analyse (1)
- Datenanalyse der Galaktischen Ebene (1)
- Dawn mission (1)
- Dawn-Mission (1)
- Debye screening (1)
- Decision Making under Ambiguity (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Deeper School Knowledge (1)
- Degradation of messenger RNA (1)
- Dehnung (1)
- Demografie des Schwarzen Lochs (1)
- Depolymerisation (1)
- Development of Content Knowledge (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Dictyostelium cells (1)
- Dicytostelium (1)
- Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy (DRS) (1)
- Dielektrikum (1)
- Dielektrische Elastomeraktoren (1)
- Dielektrische Funktion (1)
- Dielektrische Nichtlinearitäten (1)
- Dielektrische Spektroskopie (1)
- Dielektrophorese (1)
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Differentielle Rotation (1)
- Diffraktion (1)
- Diffuse Radiation (1)
- Diffuse Strahlung (1)
- Diffusion kosmischer Strahlung (1)
- Diffusioosmose (1)
- Diffusioosmosis (1)
- Diodenlaser (1)
- Dip-Dotierung (1)
- Disorder (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dispersionsrelationen (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Domänen (1)
- Domänenwandbewegung (1)
- Donator-Akzeptor-Copolymere (1)
- Donor-Acceptor (DA) interface (1)
- Donor-acceptor copolymers (1)
- Doppelsterne (1)
- Doppler Imaging (1)
- Doppler imaging (1)
- Dosimetrie (1)
- Dotierung (1)
- Drehimpulsverlust (1)
- Dronning Maud Land (1)
- Druckgradient (1)
- Dunkler Materie (1)
- Durchmusterung (1)
- Dwarf galaxies (1)
- Dynamical Systems (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dynamik der Atmosphäre (1)
- Dynamische Modellierung (1)
- Dynamoeffekt (1)
- Dysprosium (1)
- Dünn film (1)
- Dünnschichten (1)
- Dünnung (1)
- ECIS (1)
- EDXRD (1)
- EEG (1)
- EOF (1)
- EULAG Model (1)
- Echo-State Netzwerk (1)
- Edit-Distanz (1)
- Effekt (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Einbettung (1)
- Eindimensionaler Festkörper (1)
- Einfluß des Sonnenwindes und des interplanetaren magnetischen Feldes (1)
- Einschlagskrater (1)
- Einschlagssimulation (1)
- Einstein's field equations (1)
- Einsteins Feldgleichungen (1)
- Einzel-Objekt-Nachweis (1)
- Einzelmolekül-Biosensor (1)
- Einzelmolekülspektroskopie (1)
- Einzelzellanalyse (1)
- Eisbergkalbung (1)
- Eisbohrkern (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Eisenpentacarbonyl (1)
- Eisrinne (1)
- Eisschildmodellierung (1)
- El Niño (1)
- El Niño Phänomen (1)
- El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (1)
- El Niño-Südliche Oszillation (1)
- El-Niño-Phänomen (1)
- Elastizität (1)
- Elastizitätstheorie (1)
- Electroactive material (1)
- Electromagnetic Theory (1)
- Electron acceleration (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Electronic and spintronic devices (1)
- Elektretfolie (1)
- Elektroaktive Materialien (1)
- Elektrolyte (1)
- Elektronen (1)
- Elektronen-Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen (1)
- Elektronenrückstreubeugung (1)
- Elektronische Eigenschaft (1)
- Elementarteilchen (1)
- Eliassen Palm Flux (1)
- Eliassen-Palm-Fluss (1)
- Emissionslinien-Galaxie (1)
- Emissionslinienklassifikation (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energieausbreitung (1)
- Energiebilanzmodell (1)
- Energiehaushalt (1)
- Energieschätzung (1)
- Ensemble-Simulation (1)
- Ensemblesimulationen (1)
- Entfernungen (1)
- Entstehung von Galaxien (1)
- Entwicklung von Galaxien (1)
- Epidemien (1)
- Erdbebenvorhersage (1)
- Erdsystem Modellierung (1)
- Escherichia-coli (1)
- Eta Carinae (1)
- European Arctic (1)
- Europäische Arktis (1)
- Evolution der Milchstraße (1)
- Evolutionen (1)
- Exoplanetenatmosphären (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimental Physics (1)
- Experimentalphysik (1)
- Experimente (1)
- Experimentierkompetenz (1)
- Experimentierzyklus (1)
- Extrasolare Planeten (1)
- Extremniederschläge (1)
- Exziton-Dissoziation (1)
- FARIMA (1)
- FELS (1)
- Fachwissen (1)
- Fachwissensentwicklung (1)
- Faltung von Proteinen (1)
- Faltungsdynamik (1)
- Faserkopplung (1)
- Feedback (1)
- Feedback control (1)
- Feld (1)
- Feld-Effekt-Transistoren (1)
- Femtosekundenlaser-Bearbeitungsmethode (1)
- Fensteransatz (1)
- Fermi (1)
- Fermi-LAT (1)
- Ferroelectrets (1)
- Ferroelectrics (1)
- Ferroelektrik (1)
- Ferroelektrische Polymere (1)
- Ferroelektrizität (1)
- Ferromagnetismus (1)
- Festkörperlaser (1)
- Festkörperphysik (1)
- Feuchtesensor (1)
- Fibre-fed spectroscopy (1)
- Filament-Bündel (1)
- Filaments (1)
- Finite Differenzen (1)
- Finsler geometry (1)
- Fixation (1)
- Flagellenbewegung (1)
- Flarephysik (1)
- Flares (1)
- Flooding probability (1)
- Flow (1)
- Flugzeug Lidar (1)
- Fluktuationen (1)
- Fluktuations-Dissipations-Theorem (1)
- Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (1)
- Fluoreszenz-Mikroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzfluktuationsspektroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzproteine (1)
- Fluorpolymere (1)
- Flüssigkristall (1)
- Flüssigkristalle (1)
- Fokalkontakt (1)
- Force Field Optimization (1)
- Forecasting (1)
- Formgleichungen von Vesikeln (1)
- Forschend Entdeckendes Lernen (1)
- Fortbildung (1)
- Fouriertransformation (1)
- Fractals (1)
- Fraktale (1)
- Free Electron Laser (1)
- Freie Elektronen Laser (1)
- Frequenzanalyse (1)
- Frequenzstabilisierung (1)
- Gadolinium (1)
- Galactic Archaeology (1)
- Galactic archaeology (1)
- Galactic plane data analysis (1)
- Galaktisches Zentrum (1)
- Galaxie: allgemein (1)
- Galaxien bei hoher Rotverschiebung (1)
- Galaxien: Evolution (1)
- Galaxien: Kinematik und Dynamik (1)
- Galaxien: Statistiken (1)
- Galaxienbalken (1)
- Galaxienbulges (1)
- Galaxiendynamik (1)
- Galaxienentstehung (1)
- Galaxienphysik (1)
- Galaxienstruktur (1)
- Galaxies (1)
- Galaxy (1)
- Galaxy Struktur (1)
- Gamma-Strahlen (1)
- GammaLib/ctools (1)
- Gammastrahlen: allgemein (1)
- Geige (1)
- General Relativity (1)
- Generierung freier Ladungsträger (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Genetisches Programmieren (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Geodynamo (1)
- Geomagnetic activity (1)
- Geomagnetische Aktivität (1)
- Gewebewachstum (1)
- Gezeitenwechselwirkungen (1)
- Gitter (1)
- Gittermodelle (1)
- Gitterstreuung (1)
- Global coupling (1)
- Gold-Nanopartikel (1)
- Goldsubstrat (1)
- Gradient Boosting (1)
- Grain-size distributions (1)
- Granular chain (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphentheorie (1)
- Gratings (1)
- Gravitation (1)
- Gravitational Wave (1)
- Gravitational Waves (1)
- Gravitationskollaps (1)
- Gravitationswellenastronomie (1)
- Grenzflächen (1)
- Grenzflächenrekombination (1)
- Grenzschicht (1)
- Gruppenfeldtheorie (1)
- Grönland (1)
- Habitabilität (1)
- Halbleiter / Kristallgitter / Verzerrung / Röntgenbeugung / Synchrotronstrahlung (1)
- Halo (1)
- Halo der Milchstraße (1)
- Halogenbindung (1)
- Halophile Proteine (1)
- Halophilic proteins (1)
- Hamilton (1)
- Hamiltonian (1)
- Helizität (1)
- Heterogenität (1)
- Heusler-Legierung (1)
- Heusler-alloy (1)
- Hilbert transform (1)
- Hilbert-Transformation (1)
- Histon-DNS-Komplex (1)
- Histone-DNA Complexes (1)
- Hochenergiephysik (1)
- Hochgeschwindigkeitswolken (1)
- Hochleistungscomputer (1)
- Hochvakuum (1)
- Hofmeister (1)
- Hohlraum-Quantenelektrodynamik (1)
- Hohlraumeffekte (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Holografie (1)
- Holographie (1)
- Holozän (1)
- Hong-Ou-Mandel effect (1)
- Hurst exponent (1)
- Hurst-Exponent (1)
- Hydrodynamischer Fluss (1)
- Hydrodynamisches Modell (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrophobic and hydrophillic interactions (1)
- Hyperschall (1)
- Hyperschall Propagation (1)
- Hyperschnellläufersterne (1)
- Hypothesis Test (1)
- ICLIPS (1)
- ICON (1)
- IGM (1)
- IMAGE EUV (1)
- ISM: Turbulence (1)
- ISM: Turbulenz (1)
- ISOS-L-1I protocol (1)
- Identifikation (1)
- Imprecise Probability (1)
- In-situ Rasterkraftmikroskopie (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- Indian summer monsoon (1)
- Indien (1)
- Indischer Sommer-Monsun (1)
- Information (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Infrarot Spektroskopie (1)
- Inlandeis (1)
- Inner magnetosphere (1)
- Innere Magnetosphäre (1)
- Instabilität (1)
- Instabilitäten (1)
- Instabiltät (1)
- Instrumente: Polarimeter (1)
- Instrumente: Spektrographen (1)
- Instrumentierung (1)
- Integrale Feldspektroskopie (1)
- Integralfeld-Spectroskopie (1)
- Integralfeld-Spektroskopie (1)
- Integralfeldspektroskopie (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Interface-Engineering (1)
- Interferometer (1)
- Intermolecular deactivation (1)
- Intermolekulare Desaktivierung (1)
- Interstellar medium (1)
- Interstellare Materie (1)
- Interstellares Medium (1)
- Intervallwahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Invariance (1)
- Invarianz (1)
- Inversanalyse (1)
- Ionenspezifisch (1)
- Ionenverteilungen (1)
- Ionic Self-Assembly (1)
- Ionisches Tensid (1)
- Ionosphere (1)
- Ionosphäre (1)
- Isomerisierung Kinetik (1)
- Isotroper schneller Modus Turbulenzen (1)
- Iterative Airborne Lidar Inversion (1)
- Iterative reconstruction (1)
- Jahreszeitenvorhersage (1)
- Janus Partikel (1)
- Janus colloids (1)
- Janus particle (1)
- Janus-Kolloid (1)
- Kalibrierung von Spektrografen (1)
- Kalman Filter (1)
- Kalman-Filter (1)
- Kapella (1)
- Kaskade (1)
- Kaskadenrate (1)
- Kegelförmige Geometrien (1)
- Keimbildung (1)
- Keimbildung und Wachstum (1)
- Kern-Kollaps-Supernovae (1)
- Kinematik (1)
- Kinetics of photoisomerization (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Kippelement (1)
- Kippkaskade (1)
- Kleinwinkelröntgenstreuung (1)
- Klima / Umweltschutz (1)
- Klimadaten (1)
- Klimafolgen (1)
- Klimafolgenforschung (1)
- Klimamodell (1)
- Klimamodell mittlerer Komplexität (1)
- Klimanetzwerke (1)
- Klimaphysik (1)
- Klimaprognose (1)
- Klimasensitivität (1)
- Klimavariabilität (1)
- Klimawirkungsfunktionen (1)
- Knickinstabilität (1)
- Knochen (1)
- Knospung (1)
- Kobalt (1)
- Kobalt-Dünnfilm (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Isotopen-Verhältnis (1)
- Kohlenstoffzyklus (1)
- Kohnen (1)
- Kohärenz (1)
- Kohärenz-Analyse (1)
- Kohärenztheorie (1)
- Kollisionsdynamik (1)
- Kolloid / Lösung (1)
- Kolloidphysik (1)
- Komplex (1)
- Komplexe Netzwerke (1)
- Komplexes Netzwerk (1)
- Konformationsselektion (1)
- Konjugierte Polymere (1)
- Konjugierten polyelektrolyt (1)
- Kontaktschichten (1)
- Kontrastwerte (1)
- Kontrolltheorie (1)
- Konvektion (1)
- Kopplung zwischen Magnetosphäre, Ionosphäre und Thermosphäre (1)
- Kopplungs-Analyse (1)
- Korngrößenverteilungen (1)
- Kosmischer Staub (1)
- Kosmologie: Beobachtungen (1)
- Kp index (1)
- Kp-Index (1)
- Kraftdipol (1)
- Kraftdipole (1)
- Kraftfeld Optimierung (1)
- Kraftmikroskopie (1)
- Kristallstruktur (1)
- Kugelsternhaufen (1)
- Kupferphthalocyanin (1)
- Kuramoto Modell (1)
- Kuramoto Oscillators (1)
- Kuramoto-Oszillatore (1)
- Körperschall (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- L-Asterisk (1)
- LAEs (1)
- LDDO (1)
- LEED (1)
- LIGO (1)
- LLS (1)
- LOFAR (1)
- LSTM (1)
- Labialpfeife (1)
- Labradorsee ; Thermohaline Konvektion ; Stochastisches Modell (1)
- Ladungsgenerierung (1)
- Ladungsrekombination (1)
- Ladungsspeicherung (1)
- Ladungsspeicherung und -transport (1)
- Ladungsträger (1)
- Ladungsträgerdynamik (1)
- Ladungsträgerrekombination (1)
- Lakunen (1)
- Langevin equation (1)
- Langmuir (1)
- Langmuir monolayer (1)
- Large-scale Structure (1)
- Laser (1)
- Lasers (1)
- Last Glacial Maximum (1)
- Latent Semantic Analysis (1)
- Latente-Semantische-Analyse (1)
- Leerlaufspannung (1)
- Legierung (1)
- Lehrerfortbildung (1)
- Leistungsspektrum (1)
- Leitfähigkeit (1)
- Leitplankenansatz (1)
- Leitungsbandstruktur (1)
- Lernumgebung (1)
- Letztes Glaziales Maximum (1)
- Levy walks (1)
- Lewis acid doping (1)
- Lewis-Säure Dotierung (1)
- Licht-Materie-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Light-Matter Coupling (1)
- Line Suche (1)
- Lipide (1)
- Lipidmembran (1)
- Liquid crystal (1)
- Localization (1)
- Loop-Quantengravitation (1)
- Low Energy Electron Diffraction (1)
- Luftmassentransport (1)
- Lyapunov exponents (1)
- Lyapunov-Exponenten (1)
- Lyman Kontinuum (1)
- Lyman alpha (1)
- Lyman continuum (1)
- Lyman-Alpha-Emitter (1)
- Lyman-alpha emitters (1)
- Längschnitt (1)
- Lévy flights (1)
- Lévy walks (1)
- Lösung (1)
- Lösungsassemblierung (1)
- Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit (1)
- MBE (1)
- MHD ; Röntgenstrahlung ; Jets ; AGN ; Mikro-Quasare (1)
- MHD ; X-rays ; Jets ; AGN ; Microquasars (1)
- MHD-Simulationen (1)
- MHD-Simulations (1)
- MHD-equations (1)
- MOPA (1)
- MRI (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magellanic Clouds (1)
- Magellansche Wolken (1)
- Magnesiumoxid (1)
- Magnetfeld-Satellit (1)
- Magnetfelderzeugung (1)
- Magnetic field measurements (1)
- Magnetische Felder (1)
- Magnetische Feldmessungen (1)
- Magnetism (1)
- Magneto-Optik (1)
- Magnetoelastizität (1)
- Magnetohydrodynamics (1)
- Magnetokonvektion (1)
- Magnetometer-Kalibrierung (1)
- Magnetosomen-Ketten (1)
- Magnetostriktion (1)
- Major mergers (1)
- Makroökonomische Modellierung (1)
- Mannigfaltigkeiten (1)
- Markov process (1)
- Markov state models (1)
- Markov-Prozess (1)
- Markov-Prozesse (1)
- Markowketten (1)
- Mars (1)
- Massenaussterben (1)
- Massenbewegungen (1)
- Massenbewegungsgeschwindigkeiten (1)
- Massenverlust (1)
- Master-Gleichungen (1)
- Mastergleichung (1)
- Material (1)
- Materialeigenschaften (1)
- Materialeinflüsse (1)
- Mathematikdidaktik (1)
- Mean-field Theorie (1)
- Mechanische Eigenschaft (1)
- Mechanosensor (1)
- Mechanotransduktion (1)
- Meeresspiegel (1)
- Mehrfachstreuung (1)
- Mehrschichtsystem (1)
- Mehrschichtsysteme (1)
- Mehrstoffsystem (1)
- Membran-Adhäsionskräfte (1)
- Membranadhäsion (1)
- Membrane Fusion (1)
- Membrane fusion (1)
- Membranen (1)
- Membranröhrchen (1)
- Metal (1)
- Metal Halide Perovskites (1)
- Metal Halogenid Perowskiten (1)
- Metal-poor stars (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metall-Isolator-Halbleiter (1)
- Metall/Graphen/Polymer Grenzfläch (1)
- Metallarme Sterne (1)
- Metalle der seltenen Erden (1)
- Methoden: Datenauswertung (1)
- Methoden: analytisch (1)
- Methoden: numerisch (1)
- Methoden: statistisch (1)
- Meyer-Neldel-Regel (1)
- Meyer-Neldel-rule (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micropipetten (1)
- Microschwimmer (1)
- Mikrogravitationslinseneffekt (1)
- Mikrokapsel (1)
- Mikrolensing (1)
- Mikrometeorologie (1)
- Mikrosakkaden (1)
- Mikroschwimmer (1)
- Mikroskopie (1)
- Milchstrasse (1)
- Milchstrassenmasse (1)
- Milky Way Halo (1)
- Milky Way chemo-kinematics (1)
- Milky Way chemodynamics (1)
- Milky Way formation (1)
- Min-Proteine (1)
- Min-proteins (1)
- Mineralisierung (1)
- Mischphasenwolken (1)
- Mischung (1)
- Mitteltemperaturübergang (1)
- Mixing (1)
- MoS₂ (1)
- Modal expansion method (1)
- Mode function (1)
- Modelierung (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modellieren (1)
- Modellierung der internationalen Migration (1)
- Modellkopplung (1)
- Moden Stabilität (1)
- Modenkopplung (1)
- Modenstabilität (1)
- Modifikationsphase (1)
- Molecular Aging (1)
- Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1)
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation (1)
- Molecular crowding (1)
- Molecular motors (1)
- Molekulardynamische Simulation (1)
- Molekulare Motoren (1)
- Molekulares Altern (1)
- Molekularstrahlepitaxie (1)
- Moleküldynamik (1)
- Molybdenum sulfide monolayer (1)
- Molybdänsulfid Monolagen (1)
- Monolage (1)
- Monoschichten (1)
- Monsun-Unterbrechungen (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Monte Carlo simulations (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulationen (1)
- Moran effect (1)
- Moran-Effekt (1)
- Morawetz estimate (1)
- Morawetz-Schätzung (1)
- Motility-Assay (1)
- Motorgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Motorik (1)
- Motorzyklus (1)
- Multi-Botenteilchen Astronomie (1)
- Multi-Spektrum-Regularisierung (1)
- Multi-object spectroscopy (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multimode fibres (1)
- Multiple Scattering (1)
- Multipolare Gravitationswellenformen (1)
- Multiproteinkomplexbildung (1)
- Multiskale (1)
- Multistability (1)
- Multistabilität (1)
- Multivariate Analyse (1)
- Multivariate Statistics (1)
- Multivariate Statistik (1)
- Musikinstrumente (1)
- Musterbildung (1)
- Musterskalierung (1)
- Muttergalaxien (1)
- N400 (1)
- NGC 2516 (1)
- NGC 3532 (1)
- NM (1)
- NMR (1)
- Nano-Elektroden (1)
- Nanofluid (1)
- Nanokomposite (1)
- Nanomaterialien (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanofluid (1)
- Natural Language Processing (1)
- Neigungswinkel (1)
- Networks (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Netzwerk Inferenz (1)
- Netzwerk Rekonstruktion (1)
- Netzwerktheorie (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neuronal synchrony (1)
- Neuronale Netze (1)
- Neuronale Synchronisation (1)
- Neuronsreliabilität (1)
- Neutronendiffraktion (1)
- Neutronensterne (1)
- Neutronreflektometrie (1)
- Nicht-Isochronizität (1)
- Nicht-Langevin-Systeme (1)
- Nichtexponentieller Zerfall von mRNA (1)
- Nichtgleichgewichts-Phasenübergang (1)
- Nichtlinear angeregte Fluoreszenz (1)
- Nichtlineare Mikroskopie (1)
- Nichtlineare Optik (1)
- Nichtlineare Systeme (1)
- Nichtlineare Wellen (1)
- Nichtlineare Zeitreihenanalyse ; Signalanalyse - Polbewegung ; Chandler-Periode ; Nichtlineares Phänomen (1)
- Nichtlineares dynamisches System / Harmonische Analyse / Fraktal (1)
- Noise (1)
- Noisy oscillators (1)
- Non-Langevin systems (1)
- Non-exponential mRNA decay (1)
- Non-fullerene acceptors (1)
- Non-thermal radiation sources (1)
- Nonisochronicity (1)
- Nonlinear dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear waves (1)
- Nordatlantik (1)
- North Atlantic (1)
- Nukleobasen (1)
- Numerische Relativitätstheorie (1)
- Numerisches Verfahren (1)
- OGLE (1)
- OLEDs (1)
- Oberflächenassemblierung (1)
- Oberflächenemissivität (1)
- Oberflächenfluss (1)
- Oberflächenphysik (1)
- Oberflächenstrukturen (1)
- Oberflächenzustände (1)
- On-Sky-Tests (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Opto-mechanische Spannungen (1)
- Organic Semiconductors (1)
- Organic Solar Cell (1)
- Organic solar cells (1)
- Organische Halbleiter (1)
- Orgelpfeifen (1)
- Orion A giant molecular cloud (1)
- Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process (1)
- Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Prozess (1)
- Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process (1)
- Ortsauflösende Spektrofotometrie (1)
- Oscillation (1)
- Oscillators (1)
- Ott–Antonsen equation (1)
- Oxadiazolderivate ; Kristallstruktur ; Hochdruck ; UV-VIS-Spektroskopie ; Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Ozeanmodell (1)
- Ozonzabbau (1)
- P (1)
- P hasensynchronisierung (1)
- P300 (1)
- PAN (1)
- PBH (1)
- PBP10 (1)
- PEDOT (1)
- PIC simulation (1)
- PIP3 waves (1)
- PLANET (1)
- PPV (1)
- PSF Analyse (1)
- PSF fitting (1)
- PVDF-based polymers (1)
- Palaeoclimatology (1)
- Paleoclimatology (1)
- Paleoklimatologie (1)
- Paläoklima (1)
- Parametrisierung (1)
- Particle-in-Cell Simulationen (1)
- Partikel (1)
- Partikeltransport (1)
- Pekuliargeschwindigkeiten (1)
- Peptid-Membran-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Perceived Relevance (1)
- Percolation (1)
- Perkolation (1)
- Perovskite solar cell (1)
- Perovskites (1)
- Perowskit-Oxide (1)
- Persistenzlänge (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Phase Diffusion (1)
- Phase Synchronization (1)
- Phase-Analysis (1)
- Phasen Oszillatoren (1)
- Phasen-Amplituden Trennung (1)
- Phasen-Analyse (1)
- Phasen-Gleichungen (1)
- Phasen-Oszillatoren (1)
- Phasendemodulation (1)
- Phasendiffusion (1)
- Phasendynamik (1)
- Phasengleichverteilung (1)
- Phasenkopplung (1)
- Phasenkopplungen höherer Ordnung (1)
- Phasenoszillatoren (1)
- Phasenraumdichte (1)
- Phasenregel (1)
- Phasenspektrum (1)
- Phasentrennung (1)
- Phenomenology (1)
- Philosophy of Science (1)
- Phonon-Polariton (1)
- Phononen Dynamik (1)
- Phononen Dämpfung (1)
- Phononen Rückfaltung (1)
- Phononenstreuung (1)
- Phonons (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photodissoziation (1)
- Photoelektronen (1)
- Photoelektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Photoelektronenmikroskopie (PEEM) (1)
- Photogeneration (1)
- Photonic Crystals (1)
- Photonische Kristalle (1)
- Photonischer Kristall (1)
- Photophysik (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photorefractive polymers (1)
- Photorefraktive Polymere (1)
- Photostrukturierung von Polymerfilmen (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physics Problems (1)
- Physik der Musikinstrumente (1)
- Physik der weichen Materie (1)
- Physik schwarzer Löcher (1)
- Physikaufgaben (1)
- Phänomenologie (1)
- Phänotypische Heterogenität (1)
- Piezo-, Pyro-und Ferroelektrizität (1)
- Piezoelektrische Sensoren (1)
- Pikosekundenakustik (1)
- Planetare Ringe (1)
- Planetarische Nebel (1)
- Planetary Rings (1)
- Planeten (1)
- Plasma instability (1)
- Plasmainstabilität (1)
- Plasmasphere (1)
- Plasmasphäre (1)
- Plasmonen (1)
- Plasmonics (1)
- Plasmonik (1)
- Plasmons (1)
- Point Process (1)
- Polar 5 (1)
- Polar ozone (1)
- Polar vortex (1)
- Polarforschung (1)
- Polarisation (1)
- Polarisationsverteilung (1)
- Polarization distribution (1)
- Polartief (1)
- Polarwirbel (1)
- Polbewegung (1)
- Poly(vinylidenfluorid) (1)
- Poly-DADMAC (1)
- Polydispersität (1)
- Polyelectrolyte Complexes (1)
- Polyelektrolytkomplexe (1)
- Polyethylen-Nanokomposite (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer Electronics (1)
- Polymer solar cells (1)
- Polymer-Halbleiter (1)
- Polymer-Kristalle (1)
- Polymer-Plastik (1)
- Polymer-Solarzelle (1)
- Polymeraggregation (1)
- Polymerbürsten (1)
- Polymere / Physik (1)
- Polymere auf PVDF-Basis (1)
- Polymerelektrete (1)
- Polymerelektronik (1)
- Polymerfilm (1)
- Polymerphysik (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polymerschaum (1)
- Polypyrrol (1)
- Polyrhythmen (1)
- Polystyrol Nano-Sphären (1)
- Polysulfobetain (1)
- Polythiophen (1)
- Populationen (1)
- Populations (1)
- Populationsdynamik (1)
- Porositätsanalyse (1)
- Porous silica particles (1)
- Porphyrine (1)
- Porphyrins (1)
- Post-AGB-Sterne (1)
- Post-Newton (1)
- Post-transcriptional gene regulation (1)
- Posttranskriptionale Genregulation (1)
- Potsdam / Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (1)
- Pre-Service (1)
- Precursor (1)
- Primordiale Schwarzen Löchern (1)
- Probabilistic Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment (1)
- Professionalisierung (1)
- Projektionen (1)
- Propeller (1)
- Protein Multilayer (1)
- Protein-Protein-Interaktion (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinfaltung (1)
- Proteinkinetik (1)
- Protonierung (1)
- Protophase (1)
- Protostellar Jets and outflows (1)
- Proximity-Effekt (1)
- Proxyunsicherheit (1)
- Proxyverständnis (1)
- Präkonzepte (1)
- Präparation fester Komplexe (1)
- Prästabilisierung (1)
- Pseudobeobachtungen (1)
- Pseudodatensätze (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pseudomonas putida (1)
- Pulszugformung (1)
- Pulverpartikelanalyse (1)
- Pump-Probe Spektroskopie (1)
- Punktdefekt (1)
- Pupil Remapper (1)
- Pyridone (1)
- Pyridones (1)
- QPM (1)
- QtClassify (1)
- Quanten Optomechanik (1)
- Quanten-Elektrodynamik (QED) (1)
- Quantencomputer (1)
- Quantendegeneriert BEK FDS ultrakalte Atome (1)
- Quantenelektrodynamik (1)
- Quantenfluktuationen (1)
- Quantenwell (1)
- Quantum (1)
- Quantum Optics (1)
- Quantum Optomechanics (1)
- Quantum optics (1)
- Quasare: Absorptionslinien (1)
- Quasi-Kondensat (1)
- Quellen nichtthermischer Strahlung (1)
- Quintuplet cluster (1)
- R-PE (1)
- RAMAN spectroscopy (1)
- RAMAN-Spektroskopie (1)
- RAVE (1)
- RAVE Beobachtungskampagne (1)
- RAVE survey (1)
- REM (1)
- RIXS (resonant inelastic X-ray scattering) (1)
- RIXS (resonante inelastische Röntgenstreuung) (1)
- Radiation protection (1)
- Radiation transfer model (1)
- Radioburst (1)
- Radiosensitization (1)
- Raman (1)
- Raman Streuung (1)
- Raman scattering (1)
- Random Environments (1)
- Random Walk (1)
- Random Walks (1)
- Random-Walk-Theorie (1)
- Rapid thinning (1)
- Rasterkraftmikroskopie (1)
- Rauheit (1)
- Raumladungsfeld (1)
- Rauschinduzierte Anregbarkeit (1)
- Rauschinduzierte Oszillatonsunte (1)
- Recurrence Plot (1)
- Recurrence Plots (1)
- Recurrence-Plot (1)
- Reduced-Form Modeling (1)
- Referendariat (1)
- Reflection (1)
- Reflection Skills (1)
- Reflexionskompetenz (1)
- Reflexivity (1)
- Regelung (1)
- Regge Kalkül (1)
- Regularisierung (1)
- Reibungskoeffizient (1)
- Reionisation (1)
- Reionisierung (1)
- Rekombination (1)
- Rekurrenz (1)
- Rekurrenzdarstellung (1)
- Rekurrenzen (1)
- Rekurrenzplot (1)
- Relativistische Astrophysik (1)
- Relaxor-ferroelektrische Polymere (1)
- Reliability of Neurons (1)
- Remagnetisierung (1)
- Remote Sensing (1)
- Renormierung (1)
- Repertory Grid (1)
- Residual circulation (1)
- Resolved and unresolved sources as a function of wavelength (1)
- Resonanzfluoreszenz (1)
- Resonator (1)
- Resonator Quantenelektrodynamik (1)
- Responsive Polymere (1)
- Retrieval (1)
- Reversal (1)
- Rezeptor (1)
- Rheasilvia (1)
- Richardson Superdiffusion (1)
- Richardson-Superdiffusion (1)
- Ring (1)
- Ringe (1)
- Ringstrom (1)
- Ringstromelektronen (1)
- Risserkennung (1)
- Roberts flow (1)
- Roberts-Strömung (1)
- Robotik (1)
- Roche (1)
- Roche Limit (1)
- Rohr (1)
- Rohrresonator (1)
- Rollende Adhäsion (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Rotationsbeschichtung (1)
- Rotationskurven (1)
- Röntgen-Refraktions Bildgebung (1)
- Röntgenastronomie (1)
- Röntgenhintergrund (1)
- Röntgenstrahlen (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- Rückkopplungskontrolle (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SEGUE Beobachtungskampagne (1)
- SEGUE survey (1)
- SEM (1)
- SFG (1)
- SN 1572 (1)
- SPMs (1)
- Sakkadendetektion (1)
- Sammelband (1)
- Saturn<Planet> (1)
- Schallabstrahlung (1)
- Schatten eines Schwarzen Lochs (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schaumbildung (1)
- Schaumstabilität (1)
- Scheibe (1)
- Scheibengalaxien (1)
- Schlecht gestelltes Problem (1)
- Schleifenschließung (1)
- Schnellläufersterne (1)
- Schwarzes Loch (1)
- Schwimmende Mikroorganismen (1)
- Schwingungsspektroskopie (1)
- Schwingungstilger (1)
- Schäume (1)
- Schülervorstellungen (1)
- Science Curriculum (1)
- Seasonal prediction (1)
- Seismizität (1)
- Selbstorganisierte Kritizität (1)
- Selbstähnlichkeit (1)
- Selection-Linked Integration (1)
- Selektiver Bindungsbruch (1)
- Semiconductors (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Shape equations of vesicles (1)
- Shock waves (1)
- Shockley-Queisser model (1)
- Signal transfer chain (1)
- Significance Testing (1)
- Signifikanztests (1)
- Simulations (1)
- Single-mode-Faser (1)
- Sintern (1)
- Skalengesetze (1)
- Slums (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Solar Physics (1)
- Soliton (1)
- Sonne: Oszillationen (1)
- Sonne: Sonnenflecken (1)
- Sonnenaktivität (1)
- Sonnenphysik (1)
- Sorption (1)
- South Asian summer monsoon (1)
- Speicheranwendungen (1)
- Spektralanalyse <Stochastik> (1)
- Spektrographen (1)
- Spin Textur (1)
- Spin casting (1)
- Spin- und winkelaufgelöste Photoemission (1)
- Spin-Schaum-Modelle (1)
- Spinpolarisation (1)
- Spinstruktur (1)
- Spinwellen (1)
- Spiralgalaxien (1)
- Spiralgalaxien: Magnetfelder (1)
- Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- Spreading (1)
- Sputum (1)
- Späte Sterne (1)
- Stabilität (1)
- Star formation (1)
- Staus (1)
- Stellar evolution (1)
- Stellar physics (1)
- Stellardynamik (1)
- Stellare Aktivität (1)
- Stellarphysik (1)
- Stern-Brauner Zwerg Systeme (1)
- Stern-Planet Systeme (1)
- Stern-Planeten-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Sterndynamik (1)
- Sterne: Entfernungen (1)
- Sternenpopulationen (1)
- Sternfeedback (1)
- Sternflecken (1)
- Sternhaufen (1)
- Sternoberfläche (1)
- Sternpopulationen (1)
- Stickstoff (1)
- Stimulierte Brillouin Streuung (1)
- Stochastic dynamical systems (1)
- Stochastic gene expression (1)
- Stochastics (1)
- Stochastik (1)
- Stochastische Differentialgleichung (1)
- Stochastische Genexpression (1)
- Stochastische Gross-Pitaevskii Gleichung (1)
- Stochastische Oszillationen (1)
- Stochastische dynamische Systeme (1)
- Stochastisches Bursting (1)
- Stochastisches dynamisches System (1)
- Stokesion Dynamics (1)
- Stokessche Dynamik (1)
- Stoßwellen (1)
- Strahlenarten (1)
- Strahlenbelastung (1)
- Strahlenbiologie (1)
- Strahlenschutz (1)
- Strahlung Mechanismen (1)
- Strahlungstransportmodell (1)
- Strahlungtransportmodellierung (1)
- Stratosphere-troposphere coupling (1)
- Stratospheric polar vortex (1)
- Stratosphäre (1)
- Stratosphären-Troposphären-Kopplung (1)
- Stratosphärenchemie (1)
- Stratosphärendynamik (1)
- Stratosphärischer Polarwirbel (1)
- Streuresonanzen (1)
- Streuung von Schallwellen (1)
- Structural and energetic disorder (1)
- Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen (1)
- Strukturdynamik (1)
- Strukturelle und energetische Unordnung (1)
- Stäbchen (1)
- Städte (1)
- Stärkemetabolismus (1)
- Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (1)
- Sun (1)
- Sun: oszillations (1)
- Sun: sunspots (1)
- Supernova-Überrest (1)
- Supernovae (1)
- Surface Relief Grating (SRG) (1)
- Surface characterization (1)
- Surrogates (1)
- Surrogatmethode (1)
- Svalbard (1)
- Symbolische Regression (1)
- Synchronisationsanalyse (1)
- Synchrony (1)
- Synthese (1)
- System (1)
- Südasiatischen Sommermonsun (1)
- THz Spectroscopy (1)
- THz Spektroskopie (1)
- TSL (1)
- Tachocline (1)
- Tachokline (1)
- Tagung (1)
- Tandem-Solarzelle (1)
- Tauziehen (1)
- Taylor-Couette (1)
- Teacher Education (1)
- Techniken der optischen Spektroskopie: IR-Absorption (1)
- Teilchenphysik (1)
- Telekonnexionsmuster (1)
- Teleskop (1)
- Temperaturproxy (1)
- Tensid (1)
- Tensidlösung (1)
- Tensidschaum (1)
- Tensor-Zerlegungen (1)
- Terrasse ... (1)
- Testentwicklung (1)
- Teukolsky Gleichung (1)
- Teukolsky equations (1)
- Teukolsky master equation (1)
- Teukolsky-Gleichungen (1)
- Textur (1)
- Theiler surrogates (1)
- Theiler-Surrogate (1)
- Themisch-Stimulierte Lumineszenz (1)
- Theoretical ecology (1)
- Theoretische Ökologie (1)
- Thermal effects (1)
- Thermal-Pulse Tomography (1)
- Thermalisierung (1)
- Thermally stimulated luminescence (1)
- Thermoakustik (1)
- Thermodynamic properties (1)
- Thermoelektrizität (1)
- Thermohaline Atlantikzirkulation (1)
- Thermohaline Circulation (1)
- Thermohaline Zi (1)
- Thermohaline Zirkulation (1)
- Thermophon (1)
- Thermosphäre hoher Breiten (1)
- Thin Film (1)
- Thin film (1)
- Thin films (1)
- Time Series Analysis (1)
- Titandioxid (1)
- Tomographie (1)
- Topological Crystalline Insulator (1)
- Topological Insulator (1)
- Topologischer Isolator (1)
- Topologischer kristalliner Isolator (1)
- Trajectory model (1)
- Trajektorien (1)
- Trajektorienmodell (1)
- Transiente Absorption (1)
- Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Transmissionsspektroskopie (1)
- Transport (1)
- Transport- und Wechselwirkungsphase (1)
- Trapping (1)
- Turbulenzmessung (1)
- Two-stream Lidar Inversion (1)
- Typ III (1)
- Type I AGN (1)
- Type II AGN (1)
- UV-Vis Spektroskopie (1)
- UV-Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrafast (1)
- Ultraschnell (1)
- Ultraschnelle Dynamik (1)
- Ultraschnelle Röntgenbeugung (1)
- Umweltsysteme (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Understanding (1)
- Unordnung (1)
- Unruh effect (1)
- Unruh-Effekt (1)
- Unschärfe (1)
- Unsicherheit (1)
- Unstetiges Galerkin-Verfahren (1)
- Unterkühlung (1)
- Unterrichtsanalyse (1)
- Unterrichtsvorschläge (1)
- Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM) (1)
- Upper Limit (1)
- Urbanisierung (1)
- VERITAS (1)
- VIRTIS (1)
- VLT/MUSE (1)
- Vacuum fields (1)
- Vacuum interaction (1)
- Vakuumschwankungen (1)
- Vakuumwechselwirkung (1)
- Validation (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Van der Waals Kräfte (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vapour Deposition (1)
- Variabilität (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Veneneia (1)
- Venus Express (1)
- Verbindungspfade zwischen der Arktis und den mittleren Breiten (1)
- Verfeinerungslimes (1)
- Verhältnis der Struktur und Funktion (1)
- Vermischung (1)
- Verschränkung (1)
- Verstehen (1)
- Verständnisentwicklungsmodell (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Verteilungen von lokalisierten Zustände (1)
- Vesikeln (1)
- Vesiklen (1)
- Vesta (1)
- Vielteilchentheorie (1)
- Vier-Wellen-Mischung (1)
- Virgo (1)
- Virus (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Vorhersagbarkeit (1)
- Vorhersage (1)
- Vorstellungen (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Wasserstoffionenkonzentration (1)
- Wavelet Coherence (1)
- Wavelet-Analyse (1)
- Wechselwirkung (1)
- Weichröntgenbeugung (1)
- Weißlichterzeugung (1)
- Wellen (1)
- Wellen-Teilchen Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Wellengleichung (1)
- Wellenlängenverschiebung (1)
- Weltraumphysik (1)
- Wetterextreme (1)
- Whistler-Wellen (1)
- Wiederkehrdarstellung (1)
- Wiederkehrverhalten (1)
- Wigner Funktion (1)
- Wigner negativity (1)
- William Herschel Teleskop (1)
- William Herschel telescope (1)
- Windblase (1)
- Wiskostatin (1)
- Wismut (1)
- Wolf-Rayet (1)
- Wolf-Rayet stars (1)
- Wolf-Rayet-Sterne (1)
- Wolken (1)
- Wort-n-Gramme-Wahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Wärmefluss (1)
- Wärmeinsel (1)
- Wärmekapazität (1)
- Wärmepuls-Tomographie (1)
- Wärmetransport (1)
- X-ray absorption (1)
- X-ray astronomy (1)
- X-ray background (1)
- X-ray emission (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray probe (1)
- X-ray refraction imaging (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-rays (1)
- X-rays Photoemission Spectroscopy (1)
- XMCD (1)
- XPS (1)
- Zeitwahrnehmung (1)
- Zell Bewegung (1)
- Zell-substrat Adhäsion (1)
- Zell-zell Adhäsion (1)
- Zellimmobilisierung (1)
- Zellmembranen (1)
- Zellmotilität (1)
- Zellorganisation (1)
- Zellulärmaterialien (1)
- Zentralsterne (1)
- Zirkulardichroismus (1)
- Zirkulationsregime (1)
- Zirruswolken (1)
- Zufällige Stochastische Irrfahrt (1)
- Zufällige Umgebungen (1)
- Zustandsgleichung (1)
- Zustandsmodell (1)
- Zustandsraumrekonstruktion/Phasenraumrekonstruktion (1)
- Zwangsgleichungen (1)
- Zwerg Galaxien (1)
- Zyklone (1)
- Zyklus (1)
- Zytoskelett (1)
- abrupte Übergänge (1)
- accretion (1)
- accretion disks (1)
- acoustic fluidization (1)
- acoustic waveguide (1)
- acoustic waves (1)
- acoustics (1)
- actin (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actin filaments (1)
- actin polymerization (1)
- activator–inhibitor models (1)
- active processes (1)
- active transport (1)
- activity (1)
- actomyosin (1)
- actuating materials (1)
- actuation (1)
- adaptive Optik (1)
- adaptive optics (1)
- adhesion cluster (1)
- aerosol: hygroscopic growth (1)
- aerosol: hygroskopisches Wachstum (1)
- aerosol: optical properties (1)
- aerosol: optische Eigenschaften (1)
- aerosols (1)
- ageing (1)
- air mass transport (1)
- aktive Galaxienkerne (1)
- aktive Prozesse (1)
- aktive galaktische Kerne (1)
- aktiven Transport (1)
- akustische Fluidisierung (1)
- akustische Wellen (1)
- algorithms (1)
- all-optical helicity dependent switching (1)
- alloy (1)
- alpha (1)
- alpha-effect (1)
- alternative electron acceptors (1)
- aminothiophenol (1)
- amoeboid motion (1)
- amp (1)
- amphiphiles (1)
- amöboide Bewegung (1)
- anchored polymer (1)
- angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- angular momentum loss (1)
- anthropogener Meeresspiegel (1)
- anthropogenic sea level (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antiferromagnetic (1)
- antiferromagnetism (1)
- antimicrobial peptides (1)
- approximate inertial manifolds (1)
- approximate methods (1)
- architectured materials (1)
- arktische Atmosphäre (1)
- arktische Grenzschicht (1)
- arktischer Dunst (1)
- arktisches Aerosol (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- aspect ratio (1)
- assembly (1)
- asteroids (1)
- asteroseismology (1)
- astro-particle physics (1)
- astrobiology (1)
- astrometry (1)
- astronomical instrumentation (1)
- astronomische Instrumente (1)
- astroparticle (1)
- astrophysical plasmas (1)
- atmospheric boundary layer (1)
- atmospheric characterization (1)
- atmospheric dynamics (1)
- atmospheric effects (1)
- atmospheric modelling (1)
- atmospheric science (1)
- atmosphärische Effekte (1)
- atmosphärische Grenzschicht (1)
- atom chips (1)
- atom optics (1)
- atom-surface interaction (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- atomic force microscopy (AFM) (1)
- atomic-force; nano-objects (1)
- attractive interaction (1)
- attraktive Wechselwirkung (1)
- attribution (1)
- autocorrelation (1)
- autoregressive models (1)
- avidin (1)
- azobenzene containing molecules (1)
- azobenzene containing polymer films (1)
- azobenzene elastomers (1)
- azobenzene polymer (1)
- azobenzene polymer films (1)
- azobenzene refractive index (1)
- azobenzenhaltige Polymere (1)
- azobenzolhaltige Tenside (1)
- band profile (1)
- bandgap (1)
- baroclinic instability (1)
- bedeuten freie Bahn (1)
- behavior (1)
- bidirectional intracellular transport (1)
- bidirektionaler intrazellulärer Transport (1)
- bifurcation analysis (1)
- bifurcation theory (1)
- binaries (1)
- binaries: spectroscopic (1)
- binary stars (1)
- binding interactions (1)
- binäre Schwarze Löcher (1)
- binäre schwarze Löcher (1)
- bio-hybrid (1)
- bio-hybrid system (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biological physics (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biomolecule (1)
- birefringence (1)
- bismuth (1)
- black hole (1)
- black hole demographics (1)
- black hole physics (1)
- black hole shadows (1)
- black-holes (1)
- blazar (1)
- blended learning (1)
- block copolymers (1)
- bond (1)
- bone (1)
- bose gas (1)
- boundary layer (1)
- bow shocks (1)
- breitbandige Lichtquelle (1)
- broadband light source (1)
- buckling (1)
- budding (1)
- budget study (1)
- bulge (1)
- cGMP (1)
- cambridge cb4 0wf (1)
- cambs (1)
- carbon (1)
- carbon fiber manufacture (1)
- carbon-dioxide emissions (1)
- carbon-isotope-ratio (1)
- carrier dynamic (1)
- cascade (1)
- cascade rate (1)
- catalysis (1)
- catalytic azobenzene isomerization (1)
- cavity effects (1)
- cell immobilization (1)
- cell motility (1)
- cell movement (1)
- cell organization (1)
- cell tracking (1)
- cell-substrate adhesion (1)
- cellular materials (1)
- central stars (1)
- cepstrum (1)
- cesium lead halides (1)
- chains (1)
- channel (1)
- chaotic (1)
- chaotic neural dynamics (1)
- chaotic oscillations (1)
- chaotic saddle (1)
- chaotisch (1)
- charge carrier recombination (1)
- charge generation (1)
- charge profiling (1)
- charge storage and transport (1)
- charge trap (1)
- charge-dipole interaction (1)
- charge-transfer (1)
- charged systems (1)
- chemically induced dislocation (1)
- chemisch-induzierte Dislokation (1)
- chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (1)
- chemische Häufigkeiten (1)
- chemische Oberflächen-Modifikationen (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chemistry-transport-model (1)
- chemoattractant (1)
- chemotaxsis (1)
- chimera (1)
- chimera Zustände (1)
- chimera state (1)
- chromium hexacarbonyl (1)
- chromophore orientations (1)
- chromospheric activity (1)
- chromospherische Aktivität (1)
- circular dichroism (1)
- circulation (1)
- circulation regimes (1)
- circumgalactic medium (1)
- cirrus clouds (1)
- cities (1)
- climate data (1)
- climate impact research (1)
- climate impact response func (1)
- climate impacts (1)
- climate model (1)
- climate model of intermediate complexity (1)
- climate networks (1)
- climate physics (1)
- climate projection (1)
- climate sensitivity (1)
- climate trends (1)
- climate variability (1)
- climatology (1)
- clouds (1)
- cluster analysis (1)
- cluster-analysis (1)
- clustering (1)
- clusters of galaxies (1)
- co-monomer content (1)
- co-translational (1)
- co-translationale Assemblierung (1)
- co2 emissions (1)
- cobalt (1)
- codifference (1)
- coefficient (1)
- coefficient of friction (1)
- coefficients (1)
- coherence (1)
- coherence theory (1)
- coherent phonons (1)
- collapse (1)
- collimation (1)
- collision dynamics (1)
- colloids (1)
- color change (1)
- combustion (1)
- complementarity (1)
- complex (1)
- complex brain networks (1)
- complex network (1)
- complexity (1)
- compression (1)
- conceptions (1)
- condensed matter (1)
- conductivity (1)
- confinement (1)
- conformational selection (1)
- conical intersection (1)
- conjugated polyelectrolyte (1)
- conjugated polymers (1)
- consequences (1)
- constraint equations (1)
- construct map (1)
- contact layers (1)
- content analysis (1)
- continuation (1)
- continuous time random walk (1)
- control (1)
- cool stars (1)
- cooperative transport (1)
- coronal currents (1)
- cortical network models (1)
- cortical networks (1)
- cortical oscillations (1)
- cosmic ray diffusion (1)
- cosmic ray dynamo (1)
- cosmic ray propagation (1)
- cosmic-rays (1)
- cosmology: observations (1)
- costs (1)
- coupled (1)
- coupled rotators (1)
- coupling sensitivity (1)
- crack detection (1)
- critical avalanche dynamics (1)
- critical collapse (1)
- critical exponent (1)
- critical fluctuations (1)
- critical phenomena (1)
- cross recurrence plot (1)
- cryptography (1)
- crystal orientation (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- curved radial ridges (1)
- cycle (1)
- cycle-averaged tilt angle (1)
- cyclic-gmp (1)
- cyclic-olefin copolymer (1)
- cyclones (1)
- cylindrical geometry (1)
- dark exciton (1)
- decadal climate variability (1)
- deep learning (1)
- dekadische Klimavariabilität (1)
- delayed random walks (1)
- density (1)
- depolymerization (1)
- design concepts (1)
- development of test instrument (1)
- dictyostelium-discoideum (1)
- dicytostelium (1)
- dielectric elastomers (1)
- dielectric function (1)
- dielectric non-linearities (1)
- dielectric spectroskopie (1)
- dielectrics (1)
- dielectrophoresis (1)
- dielektrische Elastomere (1)
- differential rotation (1)
- diffraction (1)
- diffraction efficiency (1)
- diffraction elastic constants (1)
- diffraktionselastische Konstanten (1)
- diffusing diffusivity (1)
- diffusioosmotic flow (1)
- diffusioosmotischer Fluss (1)
- diode-laser-arrays (1)
- diode-lasers (1)
- dip doping (1)
- disc (1)
- discontinuous Galerkin method (1)
- discontinuous Galerkin methods (1)
- discrete beam cominer (1)
- diselenide (1)
- diskreter Strahlkombinierer (1)
- disordered systems (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dispersion relations (1)
- dissertation (1)
- dissociative electron attachment (1)
- dissoziative Elektronen Anlagerung (1)
- distances (1)
- distribution (1)
- distributions of localised states (1)
- domain wall motion (1)
- domains (1)
- donor (1)
- dosis measurement (1)
- driving mechanism (1)
- droughts (1)
- drug tolerance (1)
- drug-delivery (1)
- dunkles Exziton (1)
- dustdynamic (1)
- dwarf spheroidal galaxies (1)
- dyna (1)
- dynamic and static quenching (1)
- dynamic forc (1)
- dynamic force spectroscopy (1)
- dynamic of the atmosphere (1)
- dynamic vibration absorber (1)
- dynamical patterns (1)
- dynamics simulation (1)
- dynamik (1)
- dynamische Klimatologie (1)
- dynamische Kraftspektroskopie (1)
- dynamische Muster (1)
- dynamische und statische Löschung (1)
- dynamo effect (1)
- dynamo theory (1)
- dysprosium (1)
- dünne Filme (1)
- dünne organische Schichten (1)
- dünne, flexible und formbare Schichten (1)
- earth system modeling (1)
- earthquake prediction (1)
- echo state network (1)
- ecology (1)
- economic network (1)
- edit distance (1)
- efficient scattering (1)
- effiziente Streuung (1)
- elastic coupling (1)
- elastic substrates (1)
- elasticity (1)
- elasticity theory (1)
- elastische Kopplung (1)
- elastische Substrate (1)
- elastomers (1)
- electric double layer (1)
- electrical chemotaxis assay (1)
- electrical insulation (1)
- electro-acoustic electric-charge and polarization profiling (1)
- electro-optical (1)
- electrolytes (1)
- electromagnetic counterparts (1)
- electromagnetic radiation (1)
- electromechanical response (1)
- electromechanical transducers (sensors and actuators) (1)
- electron acceleration (1)
- electron backscatter diffraction (1)
- electron velocity distributions (1)
- electron-transfer (1)
- electronic properties (1)
- electrons (1)
- electrostatic energy density (1)
- electrostatic interactions (1)
- elektrische Doppelschicht (1)
- elektrische Isolierung (1)
- elektrische Raumladung (1)
- elektrischer Chemotaxis Assy (1)
- elektro-optisch (1)
- elektroakustische Abtastung elektrischer Ladungen und Dipolpolarisationen (1)
- elektromagnetische Strahlung (1)
- elektromechanische Reaktion (1)
- elektromechanische Wandler (Sensoren und Aktoren) (1)
- elektronische Eigenschaften (1)
- elektrostatische Energiedichte (1)
- elemental sulphur (1)
- elementarer Schwefel (1)
- elementary particles (1)
- elliptic partial differential equations (1)
- elliptic systems (1)
- elliptische partielle Differentialgleichungen (1)
- elliptisches Gleichungssystem (1)
- embedding (1)
- emission line classification (1)
- emissions (1)
- empirical modeling (1)
- empirische Modellierung (1)
- ena/vasp proteins (1)
- encke (1)
- endliche Ensembles (1)
- energetic disorder (1)
- energetische Unordnung (1)
- energy balance model (1)
- energy budget (1)
- energy estimate (1)
- energy levels (1)
- energy spreading (1)
- energy use (1)
- england (1)
- enhanced raman-scattering (1)
- ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacement (1)
- ensemble simulation (1)
- ensemble simulations (1)
- entanglement (1)
- entropy production (1)
- environmental systems (1)
- enzymatic activity (1)
- enzymatische Reaktionen (1)
- epidemics (1)
- epitaktisch (1)
- epitaxial (1)
- equation approach (1)
- equation of state (1)
- erasure (1)
- eukaryotic chemotaxis (1)
- evolutions (1)
- excitable networks (1)
- excited-state chemical shift (1)
- exciton dissociation (1)
- excitonic materials (1)
- exoplanet atmospheres (1)
- expanding medium (1)
- experimental competencies (1)
- experimental model (1)
- exploit (1)
- external cavities (1)
- externe Resonatoren (1)
- extra-cellul (1)
- extragalactic physics (1)
- extragalactic stellar astronomy (1)
- extragalaktische Stellarastronomie (1)
- extrasolare Planeten (1)
- extrazelluläre Matr (1)
- extremal values (1)
- extreme precipitation (1)
- fastest first-passage time of N walkers (1)
- favela (1)
- feldlinengerichtete Ströme (1)
- ferroelectric polarization (1)
- ferroelectricity (1)
- ferroelektrische Polarisation (1)
- ferroelektrische Polymere (1)
- ferromagnetism (1)
- fest-flüssig Grenzfläche (1)
- fiber coupling (1)
- field (1)
- field aligned currents (1)
- filament bundles (1)
- fill factor losses (1)
- financial time series (1)
- finite differences (1)
- finite element method (1)
- finite size (1)
- finite-size effects (1)
- fired power plants (1)
- firn (1)
- first passage (1)
- first-hitting time (1)
- first-passage (1)
- first-passage time distribution (1)
- first-reaction time (1)
- fixational eye movements (1)
- fixierte Augenbewegungen (1)
- flagellar filaments (1)
- flagellum (1)
- flares (1)
- flexible (1)
- floods (1)
- fluctuating surfaces (1)
- fluctuation dissipation theorem (1)
- flue organ pipe (1)
- fluorescent proteins (1)
- fluorinated organic spacer (1)
- flussunterbrechende Analyse (1)
- flux (1)
- foam (1)
- foams (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- folding dynamics (1)
- force dipole (1)
- force dipoles (1)
- forced symmetry breaking (1)
- four-wave mixing (1)
- fourier transformation (1)
- fractional Gaussian noise (1)
- fractional dynamics (1)
- fraktionale Brown'schen Bewegung (1)
- fraktionales Gauß'sches Rauschen (1)
- free charge generation (1)
- free charge recombination (1)
- free electron laser (1)
- free-electron laser (1)
- freie Ladungsträger Rekombination (1)
- frequency analysis (1)
- frequency conversion (1)
- frequency stabilisation (1)
- fundamental parameters (1)
- fundamentale Parameter (1)
- gadolinium (1)
- galactic centre (1)
- galactic magnetic fields (1)
- galactic population (1)
- galactic structure (1)
- galaktische Astronomie (1)
- galaktische Astrophysik (1)
- galaktische Magnetfelder (1)
- galaktische Population (1)
- galaxies: evolution (1)
- galaxies: high-redshift (1)
- galaxies: kinematics and dynamics (1)
- galaxies: statistics (1)
- galaxy (1)
- galaxy bars (1)
- galaxy bulges (1)
- galaxy clusters (1)
- galaxy dynamics (1)
- galaxy: general (1)
- gamma astronomy (1)
- gamma rays: general (1)
- gamma-ray (1)
- gamma-rays: general (1)
- gammalib/ctools (1)
- gas (1)
- gas phase electron spectroscopy (1)
- gefangene lichtartige Kurven (1)
- gekoppelt (1)
- gekoppelte System (1)
- gekrümmte radiale Bergrücken (1)
- gene expression (1)
- gene regulatory networks (1)
- general circulation (1)
- generalised langevin equation (1)
- generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation (1)
- genetic programming (1)
- genetics (1)
- genomic DNA conformation (1)
- geodynamo (1)
- geometric Brownian motion (1)
- gequetschte Zustände (1)
- gestufte Oberfläche (1)
- giant planets (1)
- giant vesicle (1)
- global description (1)
- global jets (1)
- global surface warming (1)
- globale Kupplung (1)
- gold substrate (1)
- gradient boosting (1)
- gradients (1)
- grafted polymers (1)
- granulare Kette (1)
- graph theory (1)
- grating (1)
- gravitational-wave astronomy (1)
- ground based gamma ray astronomy (1)
- ground-motion variability (1)
- group field theory (1)
- growth (1)
- großräumige Struktur (1)
- großräumige Struktur des Universums (1)
- großräumige Strukturen (1)
- guardrail approach (1)
- habitability (1)
- halbleitendes Polymer (1)
- halo (1)
- halogen bonding (1)
- harmonic traps (1)
- heat capacity (1)
- heat flux (1)
- heat island (1)
- heat transport (1)
- helical magnetic fields (1)
- helicity (1)
- heliotropic (1)
- heliotropisch (1)
- heterojunction silicon solar cells (1)
- hierarchical model (1)
- hierarchical modular networks (1)
- hierarchisches Model (1)
- high energy astrophysics (1)
- high energy physics (1)
- high harmonic (1)
- high harmonic generation (1)
- high permittivity (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high redshift galaxies (1)
- high resolution (1)
- high resolution x-ray diffraction (1)
- high vacuum (1)
- high-latitudinal thermosphere (1)
- high-order phase coupling (1)
- high-performance computing (1)
- high-redshift (1)
- high-redshift galaxies (1)
- high-school education (1)
- high-velocity-clouds (1)
- history and philosophy of astronomy (1)
- hoch rotverschobene Galaxien (1)
- hochauflösende Röntgenstreuung (1)
- hochenergetische Astrophysik (1)
- hohe Auflösung (1)
- hohe Permittivität (1)
- hoher Rotverschiebung (1)
- host galaxies (1)
- human dynamics (1)
- humidity sensor (1)
- hybrid multi-junction solar cell (1)
- hybrid thin solar cells (1)
- hybride Mehrschichtsolarzellen (1)
- hybride Solarzellen (1)
- hydrodynamic flow (1)
- hydrodynamic modeling (1)
- hydrodynamical model (1)
- hydrodynamische Modellierung (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydrolysis (1)
- hydrophoben und hydrophile Wechselwirkungen (1)
- hypersound propagation (1)
- hypervelocity stars (1)
- ice core (1)
- ice sheet (1)
- ice sheet modelling (1)
- iceberg calving (1)
- identification (1)
- ill-posed problem (1)
- image data analysis (1)
- impact cratering (1)
- impact simulation (1)
- importance sampling (1)
- impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (1)
- impulsive stimulierte Raman Streuung (1)
- in-situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- individual molecules spectroscopy (1)
- induced deformation (1)
- induced fit (1)
- induzierte Passform (1)
- inference (1)
- infrared (1)
- inorganic perovskites (1)
- inquiry based learning (1)
- instabilities (1)
- instrumentation (1)
- instrumentation: polarimeters (1)
- instrumentation: spectrographs (1)
- integrated assessment (1)
- integrierte Optik (1)
- integrierten Optik (1)
- interaction (1)
- interfacial recombination (1)
- interferometers (1)
- intergalaktisches Medium (IGM) (1)
- intermolecular interaction (1)
- intermolekülare Wechselwirkung (1)
- internal variability (1)
- international migration (1)
- international migration modeling (1)
- internationale Migration (1)
- interspecies interchange (1)
- interstellar matter (1)
- interstellar medium (1)
- interstellare Materie (1)
- intracellular transport (1)
- intracluster medium (1)
- intrazellulärer Transport (1)
- intrinsic neuronal diversity (1)
- inventory (1)
- inverse analysis (1)
- ionischer Self-Assembly (1)
- ions (1)
- iron (1)
- iron pentacarbonyl (1)
- irregular firing activity (1)
- isotope variations (1)
- isotropic fast mode turbulence (1)
- iterative Methoden zur Lösung linearer Systeme (1)
- iterative Rekonstruktion (1)
- iterative methods for sparse linear systems (1)
- jets (1)
- katalytische Isomerisation von Azobenzolen (1)
- kind of radiation (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kinetic (1)
- kinetic instabilities (1)
- kinetic theory (1)
- kinetics (1)
- kinetik (1)
- kinetische Theorie (1)
- kink instability (1)
- kognitive Prozesse (1)
- kohärente Phononen (1)
- kollimation (1)
- komplex (1)
- komplexe Hirnnetzwerke (1)
- komplexe Systeme (1)
- komplexes Netzwerk (1)
- kompression (1)
- kondensierte Materie (1)
- konfokales Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop (1)
- konische Kreuzung (1)
- kooperativer Transport (1)
- koronale Stromsysteme (1)
- kortikale Netzwerke (1)
- kosmische Strahlung Dynamo (1)
- kosmologische Computersimulationen (1)
- kosmologische Simulationen (1)
- kritische Fluktuationen (1)
- kritischer Exponent (1)
- kritischer Kollaps (1)
- kryptografie (1)
- kühle Sterne (1)
- lacunae (1)
- lacuno-canalicular network (1)
- lakuno-kanaliculäres Netzwerk (1)
- land conversion (1)
- langreichweitig (1)
- langreichweitige Korrelationen (1)
- langsam rotierende Kerr-Raumzeiten (1)
- language processing (1)
- large-deviation statistic (1)
- large-scale structure (1)
- large-scale structure formation (1)
- laser pulses (1)
- late-type (1)
- late-type stars (1)
- lattice distortion (1)
- lattice models (1)
- lead (1)
- learning environment (1)
- leitfähige Polymere (1)
- licht-getrieben (1)
- ligand (1)
- light-driven (1)
- light-induced deformation (1)
- line search (1)
- linearized gravity (1)
- lipid membranes (1)
- lipid-anchored saccharide (1)
- lipid-verankerte Saccharide (1)
- lipids (1)
- literature review (1)
- living cells (1)
- local density approximation (1)
- local group (1)
- localization (1)
- lokale Dichte-Näherung (1)
- lokalen Gruppe (1)
- long range (1)
- long-chain alkane (1)
- long-memory (1)
- long-range dependence (1)
- loop closure (1)
- loop quantum gravity (1)
- macro-economic modelling (1)
- macroeconomic impacts (1)
- magnesium oxide (1)
- magnetic and phononic system (1)
- magnetic field generation (1)
- magnetic field satellites (1)
- magnetic flux tubes (1)
- magnetic noise (1)
- magnetic proximity effect (1)
- magnetische resonante Beugung (1)
- magnetischem Röntgendichroismus (XMCD) (1)
- magnetischer Näherungseffekt (1)
- magnetischer Zirkulardichroismus (1)
- magnetisches Rauschen (1)
- magnetisches und phononisches System (1)
- magnetizationdynamic (1)
- magneto-optics (1)
- magnetoconvection (1)
- magnetoelasticity (1)
- magnetohydrodynamic (1)
- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (1)
- magnetometer calibration (1)
- magnetosome chains (1)
- magnetosphere (1)
- magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling (1)
- magnetospheric physics (1)
- magnetospheric waves (1)
- magnetosphärischen Wellen (1)
- magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- magnetotaktische Bakterien (1)
- major mergers (1)
- makroökonomische Folgen (1)
- manifold detection (1)
- markov processes (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- mass conservation (1)
- mass extinctions (1)
- mass loss (1)
- mass wasting (1)
- mass-transport (1)
- mass-wasting velocities (1)
- massive Schwarze Löcher (1)
- massive Sterne (1)
- massive black holes (1)
- master equation (1)
- master equations (1)
- material (1)
- material properties (1)
- mathematics education (1)
- maximum and range (1)
- mean first passage times (1)
- mean free path (1)
- mean versus most probable reaction times (1)
- mean-field theory (1)
- meanfield (1)
- mechanical and acoustical properties (1)
- mechanical behavior (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- mechanische und akustische Eigenschaften (1)
- mechanisches Verhalten (1)
- mechanisms (1)
- mechanosensor (1)
- mechanotransduction (1)
- membrane adhesion (1)
- membrane adhesion forces (1)
- membrane channel (1)
- membrane curvature (1)
- membrane tube (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory and delay (1)
- memory applications (1)
- menschliche Dynamik (1)
- mesoporous (1)
- mesoporös (1)
- metal (1)
- metal carbonyls (1)
- metal halide perovskites (1)
- metal nanoparticles (1)
- metal/polymer interfaces (1)
- methodology (1)
- methods: analytical (1)
- methods: data analysis (1)
- methods: numerical (1)
- methods: statistical (1)
- mhd turbulence (1)
- micelles (1)
- micro swimmer (1)
- micro- and nanotechnologies (1)
- micrometeorology (1)
- micropipetten (1)
- microsaccades (1)
- microstructured fiber (1)
- microstructured surface (1)
- microstrukturierte Oberfläche (1)
- microswimmers (1)
- migration (1)
- mikrostrukturierte Faser (1)
- milton rd (1)
- mineralization (1)
- mixed boundary conditions (1)
- mixed-effect analysis (1)
- mixed-phase clouds (1)
- mixing parameterization (1)
- mock data catalogues (1)
- mock observations (1)
- mode-locking (1)
- model coupling (1)
- model tuning (1)
- modellinterne Variabilitaet (1)
- modification stage (1)
- modified dispersion relations (1)
- modified gravitational dynamics (1)
- moist static energy (1)
- molecular bottle brushes (1)
- molecular crowding (1)
- molecular motor (1)
- molecule (1)
- molekulare Dotierung (1)
- molekulares Dotieren (1)
- monolayer (1)
- monsoon breaks (1)
- monte-carlo (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- motility assay (1)
- motion (1)
- motion of adsorbed nano-particles (1)
- motivation (1)
- motor cycle (1)
- motor velocity (1)
- multi protein complex formation (1)
- multi-messenger astronomy (1)
- multi-scale (1)
- multi-spectrum regularization (1)
- multicomponent system (1)
- multiferroic heterostructure (1)
- multiferroischen Heterostruktur (1)
- multipolar gravitational waves (1)
- multivariate analysis (1)
- music instruments (1)
- musical acoustics (1)
- musikalische Akustik (1)
- mutual information (1)
- nano-electrodes (1)
- nanocomposites (1)
- nanomaterials (1)
- nanoparticle (1)
- nanoskaliger Wärmetransport (1)
- narrow escape problem (1)
- natural language processing (1)
- negative thermal expansion (1)
- nematic LC (1)
- network (1)
- network inference (1)
- network reconstruction (1)
- network theory (1)
- neural networks (1)
- neuronal networks (1)
- neuronale Netze (1)
- neutron diffraction (1)
- neutron reflectometry (1)
- neutron stars (1)
- next generation Cherenkov telescopes (1)
- nichlineare Phononik (1)
- nicht klassische Zustände (1)
- nicht-Markovsche Dynamik (1)
- nicht-thermische Emission (1)
- nicht-thermische Strahlung (1)
- nichtgenestete Modellselektion (1)
- nichtgleichgewichts Dynamik (1)
- nichtlinear (1)
- nichtlineare Dynamiken (1)
- nichtlineare Dynamo (1)
- nichtlineare Oszillationen (1)
- nichtlineare Wellenmischung (1)
- nichtlineare Zeitreihenanalyse (1)
- nichtstrahlende Verluste (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- noise-induced excitability (1)
- noise-induced oscillation suppression (1)
- noisy systems (1)
- non-Gaussian diffusion (1)
- non-Gaussianity (1)
- non-Markovian dynamics (1)
- non-classicality (1)
- non-destructive evaluation (1)
- non-equilibrium (1)
- non-equilibrium dynamics (1)
- non-gaussianity (1)
- non-linear microscopy (1)
- non-linear optics (1)
- non-linear oscillators (1)
- non-nested model selection (1)
- non-radiative interface recombination (1)
- non-radiative recombination (1)
- non-thermal emission (1)
- non-thermal radiation (1)
- non-volatile memory (1)
- nonfullerene acceptors (1)
- nonliear dynamo (1)
- nonlinear (1)
- nonlinear Dynamics (1)
- nonlinear acoustics (1)
- nonlinear data analysis (1)
- nonlinear excited fluorescence (1)
- nonlinear optics (1)
- nonlinear systems (1)
- nonlinear waves (1)
- nonlocally coupled phase oscillators (1)
- nonradiative losses (1)
- nonradiative voltage losses (1)
- northern (1)
- nucleation (1)
- nucleation and growth (1)
- nudging (1)
- numeric device simulations (1)
- numerical astrophysics (1)
- numerical experiments (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- numerical techniques (1)
- numerische Astrophysik (1)
- numerische Bauteilsimulationen (1)
- numerische Methoden (1)
- numerische Relativität (1)
- numerische Relativitätstheorie (1)
- numerische Relativiät (1)
- numerischen Relativitätstheorie (1)
- o (1)
- observations (1)
- observations with TESS (1)
- ocean heat uptake (1)
- ocean model (1)
- offene Sternhaufen und stellare Assoziationen (1)
- offener Sternhaufen (1)
- offenes Quantensystem (1)
- on-sky tests (1)
- one-dimensional Bose gas (1)
- open circuit voltage (1)
- open cluster (1)
- open clusters and stellar associations (1)
- open quantum system (1)
- optical fibers (1)
- optical frequency combs (1)
- optical manipulation (1)
- optical near-field (1)
- optical solitons (1)
- optically induced dynamics (1)
- optically thin clouds (1)
- optisch dünne Wolken (1)
- optisch induzierte Dynamik (1)
- optische Anregung (1)
- optische Fasern (1)
- optische Frequenzkämme (1)
- optische Solitonen (1)
- opto-mechanical stresses (1)
- optoelectronic measurements (1)
- optoelektronische Messungen (1)
- organ pipe (1)
- organ pipes (1)
- organic crystal (1)
- organic electronic (1)
- organic electronics (1)
- organic-inorganic hybrids (1)
- organisch-anorganische Hybride (1)
- organische Kristalle (1)
- organische Solarzelle (1)
- organischer Halbleiter (1)
- origins (1)
- oscillation (1)
- osmotic-pressure (1)
- osmotic-stress (1)
- overheating (1)
- ozone loss (1)
- palaeoclimate (1)
- paleoclimatology (1)
- parallel immobilization of biomolecules (1)
- parallele Immobilisierung von Biomolekülen (1)
- parametrically excited oscillator (1)
- parametrisch erregter Oszillator (1)
- particle physics (1)
- particle transport (1)
- pause hiatus (1)
- peculiar velocities (1)
- pedagogical content knowledge (1)
- pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (1)
- pedagogical reasoning (1)
- peptide-membrane-interaction (1)
- perovskite oxides (1)
- persistence length (1)
- ph-responsive microgels (1)
- phase coupling (1)
- phase demodulation (1)
- phase dynamics (1)
- phase equations (1)
- phase purity (1)
- phase rule (1)
- phase separation (1)
- phase space density (1)
- phase space reconstruction (1)
- phase spectrum (1)
- phase-amplitude mixing (1)
- phenotypic heterogeneity (1)
- philosophy of science (1)
- phonon backfolding (1)
- phonon damping (1)
- phonon dynamics (1)
- phonon modes (1)
- phonon polariton (1)
- phonons (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photo electron spectroscopy (1)
- photo physics (1)
- photo-emission electron microscopy (PEEM) (1)
- photo-isomerization kinetics (1)
- photo-sensitive surfactant (1)
- photo-stimulated discharge (1)
- photo-structuring of polymer films (1)
- photoacoustic effect (1)
- photoakustischer Effekt (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- photocontrol (1)
- photodissociation (1)
- photoelectron (1)
- photoelectron microscopy (1)
- photoexcitation (1)
- photofragmentation (1)
- photogeneration (1)
- photoinduced dynamics (1)
- photon recycling (1)
- photonic crystal (1)
- photonic lanterns (1)
- photonische Laternen (1)
- photoresponsive surfactants (1)
- photosensitive Polymer (1)
- photosensitive surfactants (1)
- photostability (1)
- photovoltaic (1)
- physical chemistry (1)
- physics of flares (1)
- physics of musical instruments (1)
- picosecond acoustics (1)
- picosecond ultrasonics (1)
- piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectricity (1)
- piezo-optical (1)
- piezo-optisch (1)
- piezoelectric polymers (1)
- piezoelektrische Sensoren (1)
- pitch angle (1)
- planet (1)
- planetary nebulae (1)
- planetary rings (1)
- planetary wave propagation (1)
- planetary wave resonance (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plasma (1)
- plasma-membrane (1)
- plasmon nano-particles (1)
- plasmonic catalysis (1)
- plasmonische Katalyse (1)
- plasmonische Nanopartikeln (1)
- point defect (1)
- polar (1)
- polar motion (1)
- polar research (1)
- polar vortex (1)
- polarization (1)
- poly (acrylic acid, sodium salt) (1)
- poly(vinylidene fluoride) (1)
- poly-DADMAC (1)
- polydispersity (1)
- polyelectrolyte (1)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (1)
- polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- polyelectrolyte multilayer (1)
- polyethylene nanocomposites (1)
- polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- polymer (1)
- polymer aggregation (1)
- polymer crystal orientation (1)
- polymer electrets (1)
- polymer film (1)
- polymer foam (1)
- polymer physics (1)
- polymer-electret (1)
- polystyrene nano-spheres (1)
- polysulfobetaine (1)
- polythiohene (1)
- population (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- porosity analysis (1)
- poröse Siliciumdioxidpartikel (1)
- post-AGB stars (1)
- post-Newton (1)
- post-depositional (1)
- post-translational (1)
- post-translationale Assemblierung (1)
- posttranslational protein translocation (1)
- potential-energy surface (1)
- powder particle analysis (1)
- pp-wave solutions (1)
- pre-service teachers (1)
- preconceptions (1)
- precursor (1)
- predictive modeling (1)
- pressure gradient (1)
- prestabilization (1)
- primordial black holes (1)
- professionalization (1)
- propellers (1)
- protein kinetics (1)
- protein search (1)
- protein-protein interaction (1)
- proteins (1)
- protonation (1)
- proximity effect (1)
- proxy uncertainty (1)
- proxy understanding (1)
- pseudomonas putida (1)
- pump-probe experiment (1)
- pupil remappers (1)
- pyroelectric polymers (1)
- quanteninformation (1)
- quantenkanal (1)
- quantenkodierung (1)
- quantifizierende Rekurrenzanalyse (1)
- quantitative Inhaltsanalyse (1)
- quantization of field theories (1)
- quantum channel (1)
- quantum computer (1)
- quantum degenerate BEC FDS ultacold atoms (1)
- quantum electrodynamics (QED) (1)
- quantum fluctuations (1)
- quantum information (1)
- quantum many-body theory (1)
- quantum mechanics (1)
- quantum wire (1)
- quasars: absorption lines (1)
- quasi-Fermi level (1)
- quasi-Fermi level splitting (1)
- quasi-condensate (1)
- quasi-geostrophic model (1)
- quasi-geostropisches Modell (1)
- quasi-steady-state photoinduced absorptions (1)
- quasiparticle interactions (1)
- quasiperiodic dynamical systems (1)
- quasiperiodisches dynamisches System (1)
- radiation load (1)
- radiation mechanisms (1)
- radiative limit (1)
- radiative transfer modeling (1)
- radio (1)
- radio burst (1)
- radiobiology (1)
- raman (1)
- raman-scattering (1)
- random walks (1)
- random-walk (1)
- random-walks (1)
- rate equation (1)
- raumartige Unendliche (1)
- reaction cascade (1)
- reactive annealing (1)
- reaktives Anlassen (1)
- receptor (1)
- recognition (1)
- recombinations (1)
- reconfigurable matter (1)
- rectification (1)
- recurrences (1)
- red giant stars (1)
- refined consensus model (1)
- refined consensus model (RCM) (1)
- refined spacetime geometries (1)
- reflecting boundary conditions (1)
- reflection (1)
- reflexion (1)
- regge calculus (1)
- regime shifts (1)
- region (1)
- regional (1)
- regional climate modelling (1)
- regional climate simulations (1)
- regional modeling (1)
- regionale Klimamodellierung (1)
- regionale Klimasimulationen (1)
- regionales Klimamodell (1)
- regionales Modell (1)
- regularization (1)
- rein optisches helizitätsabhängiges Schalten (AO-HDS) (1)
- relativistic hydrodynamics (1)
- relativistic jets (1)
- relativistic processes (1)
- relativistische Hydrodynamik (1)
- relativistische Prozesse (1)
- relaxor-ferroelectric polymers (1)
- remagnetization (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- renormalization and refinement limit (1)
- repertory grid (1)
- resonance fluorescence (1)
- resonant inelastic X-ray scattering; (1)
- resonant soft x-ray diffraction (1)
- resonante inelastische Röntgenstreuung (1)
- resonante weiche Röntgenbeugung (1)
- responsive polymer (1)
- retrieval (1)
- return level estimation (1)
- reversal (1)
- ring current (1)
- ring current electrons (1)
- ringe (1)
- rings (1)
- robotic (1)
- rods (1)
- rollende Adhäsion (1)
- rotation (1)
- rotation curves (1)
- rote Riesensterne (1)
- royal soc chemistry (1)
- runaway stars (1)
- rückgekoppelte Zufallsprozesse (1)
- saccade detection (1)
- satellite galaxies (1)
- saturn (1)
- scattering (1)
- scattering resonances (1)
- science education (1)
- science park (1)
- science teaching (1)
- sea level (1)
- seasonality (1)
- second-harmonic generation (1)
- secure communication (1)
- sehr hohe Energien (1)
- seismicity (1)
- selbst-getriebene Partikel (1)
- selbsterhaltende Oszillatoren (1)
- selection-linked integration (1)
- selective bond cleavage (1)
- self-assembly (1)
- self-gravity (1)
- self-organization (1)
- self-propelled particle (1)
- self-similarity (1)
- self-steepening (1)
- self-sustained Oscillators (1)
- self-sustained activity (1)
- seltene Erden (1)
- semantic incongruity (1)
- semi-empirical models (1)
- semiclassical states (1)
- semiconducting polymer (1)
- semiconductor gratings (1)
- semiempirische Modelle (1)
- semiklassische Zustände (1)
- sensor (1)
- seperation (1)
- sequence-controlled polymers (1)
- series (1)
- shell-like geometries (1)
- sichere Übertragung (1)
- signaling system (1)
- similarity measures (1)
- simulation of reciprocal space maps (1)
- single cell analysis (1)
- single chain folding (1)
- single trajectories (1)
- single trajectory analysis (1)
- single-mode fiber (1)
- single-molecule biosensor (1)
- single-object detection (1)
- single-particle tracking (1)
- single-stranded-dna (1)
- sink (1)
- slowly rotating Kerr spacetimes (1)
- soft X-ray beamline (1)
- soft X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- soft matter physics (1)
- soft x-ray diffraction (1)
- solar activity (1)
- solar corona (1)
- solar coronal mass ejections (1)
- solar eruption (1)
- solar storm (1)
- solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field influence (1)
- solare Eruption (1)
- solid complex preparation (1)
- solid state Laser (1)
- solid state physics (1)
- solid-liquid interface (1)
- solid-state nanopores (1)
- soliton (1)
- solvent dependence (1)
- sound radiation (1)
- space charge (1)
- space charge field (1)
- space physics (1)
- space-dependent diffusivity (1)
- space-like infinity (1)
- space-time geometry (1)
- spacetime geometry (1)
- spatial localization (1)
- spectrograph calibration (1)
- spectrographs (1)
- spectrum (1)
- spektrale Leistungsdichte (1)
- sphäroidische Zwerggalaxien (1)
- spin foams (1)
- spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- spin structure (1)
- spin texture (1)
- spin waves (1)
- spin- and angle-resolved photoemission (1)
- spin-orbit coupling (1)
- spinaufgelöste Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- spindown (1)
- spiral galaxies (1)
- spiral galaxies: magnetic fields (1)
- splitting (1)
- spontaneous parametric down-conversion (1)
- spots (1)
- squeezing entanglement (1)
- stabile Isotope (1)
- stabile Schichtung (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- stable stratification (1)
- star clusters (1)
- star-brown dwarf systems (1)
- star-planet interaction (1)
- star-planet systems (1)
- starch metabolism (1)
- stars: AGB and post-AGB (1)
- stars: Wolf-Rayet (1)
- stars: atmospheres (1)
- stars: distances (1)
- state model (1)
- state space reconstruction (1)
- states (1)
- stationary stochastic process (1)
- statistical methods (1)
- statistische Methoden (1)
- staub (1)
- stellar content (1)
- stellar coronal mass ejections (1)
- stellar feedback (1)
- stellar interferometry (1)
- stellar kinematics (1)
- stellar population (1)
- stellar rotation (1)
- stellar surface (1)
- stellar variability (1)
- stellare Aktivität (1)
- stellare Interferometrie (1)
- stellare Kinematik (1)
- stellare Physik (1)
- stellare Population (1)
- stellare Populationen (1)
- stellare Rotation (1)
- stellarer Inhalt (1)
- stepped surface (1)
- stimulated Brillouin scattering (1)
- stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation (1)
- stochastic bursting (1)
- stochastic differential equation (1)
- stochastic dynamics (1)
- stochastic models (1)
- stochastic network (1)
- stochastic oscillations (1)
- stochastic process (1)
- stochastic ratchet (1)
- stochastic resetting (1)
- stochastic systems (1)
- stochastische Dynamik (1)
- stochastische Ratsche (1)
- stochastische Systeme (1)
- stochastisches Netzwerk (1)
- stopped-flow (1)
- strain (1)
- strain fields (1)
- stratosphere (1)
- stratospheric chemistry (1)
- stratospheric circulation (1)
- structur-function relationship (1)
- structural dynamics (1)
- structural properties (1)
- structure-property relationships (1)
- structured polynucleotides (1)
- structured substrates (1)
- strukturelle Eigenschaften (1)
- strukturierte Substrate (1)
- students' conceptions (1)
- sub-diffraction gratings (1)
- subdiffusion (1)
- sulfur (1)
- sun (1)
- sunspot group tilt angle (1)
- superconductor (1)
- superconductors (1)
- superlattice dispersion (1)
- surf (1)
- surface chemical treatment (1)
- surface emissivity (1)
- surface features (1)
- surface flow (1)
- surface states (1)
- surrogate method (1)
- surrogates (1)
- survey (1)
- swelling behavior (1)
- switchSENSE (1)
- switchSENSE Technologie (1)
- symbolic regression (1)
- synchronisation (1)
- synchronization transition (1)
- synoptic cyclones (1)
- synoptische Zyklone (1)
- synthesis (1)
- synthetic eumelanin (1)
- synthetische Beobachtungen (1)
- synthetisches Eumelanin (1)
- system (1)
- tailored pulse trains (1)
- tandem solar cell (1)
- tandem solar cells (1)
- task-based parallelism (1)
- teacher education (1)
- teacher professional development (1)
- teaching practice (1)
- techniques of optical spectroscopy: IR absorption (1)
- teleconnection patterns (1)
- telescope (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperature dependence (1)
- temperature fluctuation (1)
- temperature proxy (1)
- temperature variability (1)
- tensor decompositions (1)
- terrace ... (1)
- texture (1)
- thermal evolution (1)
- thermal noise in mirror coatings (1)
- thermal treatment (1)
- thermal wind equation (1)
- thermalization (1)
- thermally activated dynamics (1)
- thermisch aktivierte Dynamik (1)
- thermische Evolution (1)
- thermische Windgleichung (1)
- thermisches Rauschen in Spiegelbeschichtungen (1)
- thermo-luminescence (1)
- thermo-stimulated discharge (1)
- thermoacoustic effect (1)
- thermoacoustics (1)
- thermoakustischer Effekt (1)
- thermodynamic structure (1)
- thermodynamics (1)
- thermodynamische Struktur (1)
- thermoelectricity (1)
- thermophone (1)
- theta (1)
- thin flexible and conformable films (1)
- thin organic layers (1)
- thin-films (1)
- thomas graham house (1)
- tidal interactions (1)
- time (1)
- time averaging (1)
- time perception (1)
- time resolved (1)
- time resolved pump probe spectroscopy (1)
- time resolved spectroskopy (1)
- time reversal symmetry (1)
- time-averaged mean squared displacement (1)
- time-resolved x-ray diffraction (1)
- tipping cascade (1)
- tipping element (1)
- tissue growth (1)
- titanium dioxide (1)
- tolerable windows approach (1)
- tomography (1)
- topological insulators (1)
- topologische Isolatoren (1)
- tracking (1)
- traffic jams (1)
- trajectories (1)
- transcrystalline polypropylene (1)
- transduction (1)
- transfer dynamics (1)
- transient absorption (1)
- transient grating (1)
- transient methods (1)
- transiente Messmethoden (1)
- transientes Gitter (1)
- transition (1)
- transition metal systems (1)
- transition metals (1)
- transition moment (1)
- transition state (1)
- transkristallines Polypropylen (1)
- transport and interaction phase (1)
- trap-depth (1)
- travelling waves (1)
- tug-of-war (1)
- turbulence measurement (1)
- two-dimensional (1)
- type I AGN (1)
- type II AGN (1)
- type III (1)
- ultra-fast laser inscription technology (1)
- ultra-high energy cosmic rays (1)
- ultrafast X-ray diffraction (1)
- ultrafast magnetism (1)
- ultrafast molecular dynamics (1)
- ultrafast phenomena (1)
- ultrafast photoacoustics (1)
- ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- ultrahochenergetische kosmische Strahlung (1)
- ultraschnelle Moleküldynamik (1)
- ultraschnelle Phänomene (1)
- ultraschnelle Röntgenbeugung (1)
- ultraschneller Magnetimus (1)
- uncertainties (1)
- undercooling (1)
- unferring cellular networks (1)
- ungeordnete Systeme (1)
- up-down states (1)
- upper atmosphere model (1)
- urban (1)
- urbanisation (1)
- urbanization (1)
- vacuum fields (1)
- vacuum fluctuations (1)
- valence band structure (1)
- van der Waals forces (1)
- van der Waals-Kräfte (1)
- vapour deposition (1)
- variability (1)
- variables (1)
- vegetation (1)
- verallgemeinerte nichlineare Schrödinger Gleichung (1)
- verrauschte Oszillatoren (1)
- vertieftes Schulwissen (1)
- very-high energy (1)
- vesicles (1)
- vinylidenefluoride (VDF)-based polymers (1)
- violin (1)
- virus (1)
- viscoplastic theory (1)
- viscosity (1)
- visibility (1)
- viskoplastische Theorie (1)
- visual fixation (1)
- voltage losses (1)
- wafers (1)
- waste heat (1)
- water-vapor (1)
- wave equation (1)
- wave propagation (1)
- wave scattering (1)
- wave-particle interactions (1)
- wavelength (1)
- wavelength shift (1)
- waves (1)
- weather extremes (1)
- wetting transition (1)
- whistler waves (1)
- white-light generation (1)
- wind bubble (1)
- winkelaufgelöste Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- word n-gram probability (1)
- wässrige Filme (1)
- x-ray (1)
- x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- x-ray magnetic resonant diffraction (XMRD) (1)
- x-rays (1)
- zeitaufgelöst (1)
- zeitaufgelöste Röntgenbeugung (1)
- zeitaufgelöste Spektroskopie (1)
- zeitverzögerte Selbstkopplung (1)
- zerstörungfreie Prüfung (1)
- zirkumgalaktischen Medium (1)
- zirkumgalaktisches Medium (1)
- zufälligen Diffusivität (1)
- zweite Harmonische (1)
- µCT (1)
- Ähnlichkeit-Masse (1)
- Æ Recurrence Plots (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökonomisches Netzwerk (1)
- Überflutung (1)
- Übergang (1)
- Übergangsmetall - Komplexe (1)
- Übergangsmetalle (1)
- Übergangsmoment (1)
- Übergangszustand (1)
- Übergitter Dispersion (1)
- Überhitzung (1)
- Überschwemmungen (1)
- азобензолсодержащие ПАВ (1)
- каталитическая изомеризация азобензолов (1)
- плазмонные наночастицы (1)
- показатель преломления азобензолов (1)
- wahrgenommene Relevanz (1)
Institut
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (711)
- Extern (55)
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Dynamik komplexer Systeme (36)
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (7)
- Department Psychologie (4)
- Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung (ZeLB) (4)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (2)
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) e. V. (2)
- Department Linguistik (1)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (1)
In dieser Arbeit werden die Effekte der Synchronisation nichtlinearer, akustischer Oszillatoren am Beispiel zweier Orgelpfeifen untersucht. Aus vorhandenen, experimentellen Messdaten werden die typischen Merkmale der Synchronisation extrahiert und dargestellt. Es folgt eine detaillierte Analyse der Übergangsbereiche in das Synchronisationsplateau, der Phänomene während der Synchronisation, als auch das Austreten aus der Synchronisationsregion beider Orgelpfeifen, bei verschiedenen Kopplungsstärken. Die experimentellen Befunde werfen Fragestellungen nach der Kopplungsfunktion auf. Dazu wird die Tonentstehung in einer Orgelpfeife untersucht. Mit Hilfe von numerischen Simulationen der Tonentstehung wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche fluiddynamischen und aero-akustischen Ursachen die Tonentstehung in der Orgelpfeife hat und inwiefern sich die Mechanismen auf das Modell eines selbsterregten akustischen Oszillators abbilden lässt. Mit der Methode des Coarse Graining wird ein Modellansatz formuliert.
Mathematik spielt im Physikunterricht eine nicht unerhebliche Rolle - wenn auch eine zwiespältige. Oft wird sie sogar zum Hindernis beim Lernen von Physik und kann ihr emanzipatorisches Potenzial nicht entfalten. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt zwei Bausteine für eine begründete Konzeption zum Umgang mit Mathematik beim Lernen von Physik zur Verfügung. Im Theorieteil der Arbeit werden zum Einen wissenschaftstheoretische Aspekte der Rolle der Mathematik in der Physik aufgearbeitet und der physikdidaktischen Forschungsgemeinschaft im Zusammenhang zugänglich gemacht. Zum anderen werden Forschungsergebnisse zu Vorstellungen Lernender über Physik und Mathematik sowie im Bereich der Epistemologie zusammengestellt. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit werden Vorstellungen zur Rolle der Mathematik in der Physik von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Klassenstufen 10 und 12 sowie Physik-Lehramtstudierenden im Grundstudium mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens erhoben und unter Verwendung inhaltsanalytischer bzw. statistischer Methoden ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter Anderem, dass Mathematik im Physikunterricht entgegen gängiger Meinungen bei den Lernenden nicht negativ, aber zumindest bei jüngeren Lernenden formal und algorithmisch konnotiert ist.
Die Frage nach der Herkunft und der dynamischen Entwicklung langlebiger kosmischer Magnetfelder ist in vielen Details noch unbeantwortet. Es besteht zwar kein Zweifel daran, dass das Magnetfeld der Erde und anderer kosmischer Objekte durch den sogenannten Dynamoeffekt verursacht werden, der genaue Mechanismus als auch die notwendigen Voraussetzungen und Randbedingungen der zugrundeliegenden Strömungen sind aber weitgehend unbekannt. Die für einen Dynamo interessanten Strömungsmuster, die im Inneren von Himmelskörpern durch Konvektion und differentielle Rotation entstehen, sind Konvektionsrollen parallel zur Rotationsachse. Auf einer Strömung mit eben solcher Geometrie, der sogenannten Roberts-Strömung, basieren die in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchten Dynamomodelle. Mit Methoden der nichtlinearen Dynamik wird versucht, das Systemverhalten bei Änderung der Systemparamter genauer zu charakterisieren. Die numerischen Untersuchungen beginnen mit einer Analyse der Dynamoaktivität der Roberts-Strömung in Abhängigkeit von den zwei freien Parametern in den Modellgleichungen, der magnetischen Prandtl-Zahl und der Stärke des Energieinputs. Gefunden werden verschiedene Lösungstypen die von einem stationären Magnetfeld über periodische bis zu chaotischen Zuständen reichen. Die yugrundeliegenden Symmetrien werden beschrieben und die Bifurkationen, die zum Wechsel der Lösungstypen führen, charakterisiert. Zusätzlich gibt es Bereiche bei sehr kleinen Prandtl-Zahlen, in denen überhaupt kein Dynamo existiert. Dieses Verhalten wird in der Literatur auch für viele andere numerisch ausgewertete Modelle beschrieben. Im Übergangsbereich zwischen dynamoaktivem und dynamoinaktivem Bereich wird das Auftreten einer sogenannten Blowout-Bifurkation gefunden. Desweiteren beschäftigt sich die Arbeit mit der Frage, inwiefern Helizität, also eine schraubenförmige Bewegung, der Strömung den Dynamoeffekt beeinflusst. Dazu werden ähnliche Strömungstypen verglichen, die sich hauptsächlich in ihrem Helizitätswert unterscheiden. Es wird gefunden, dass ein bestimmter Wert der Helizität nicht unterschritten werden darf, um einen stabilen Roberts-Dynamo zu erhalten.
Stellar magnetic fields, as a crucial component of star formation and evolution, evade direct observation at least with current and near future instruments. However investigating whether magnetic fields are generated by a dynamo process or represent relics from the formation process, or whether they show a behavior similar to the sun or something very different, it is essential to investigate their structure and temporal evolution. Fortunately nature provides us with the possibility to indirectly observe surface topologies on distant stars by means of Doppler shift and polarization of light, though not without its challenges. Based on the mentioned effects, the so called Zeeman-Doppler Imaging technique is a powerful method to retrieve magnetic fields from rapid rotating stars based on measurements of spectropolarimetric observations in terms of Stokes profiles. In recent years, a large number of stellar magnetic field distributions could be reconstructed by Zeeman-Doppler Imaging (ZDI). However, the implementation of this method often relies on many approximations because, as an inversion method, it entails enormous computational requirements. The aim of this thesis is to develop methods for a ZDI, designed to invert time-resolved spectropolarimetric data of active late type stars, and to account for the expected complex and small scale magnetic fields on these stars. In order to reliably reconstruct the detailed field orientation and strength, the inversion method is employed to be able to use of all four Stokes components. Furthermore it is based on fully polarized radiative transfer calculations to account for the intricate interplay between temperature and magnetic field. Finally, the application of a newly developed ZDI code to Stokes I and V observations of II Pegasi (short: II Peg) was supposed to deliver the first magnetic surface maps for this highly active star. To accomplish the high computational burden of a radiative transfer based ZDI, we developed a novel approximation method to speed up the inversion process. It is based on Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks. The latter approximate the functional mapping between atmospheric parameters and the corresponding local Stokes profiles. Inverse problems, as we are dealing with, are potentially ill-posed and require a regularization method. We propose a new regularization scheme, which implements a local entropy function that accounts for the peculiarities of the reconstruction of localized magnetic fields. To deal with the relatively large noise that is always present in polarimetric data, we developed a multi-line denoising technique based on Principal Component Analysis. In contrast to other multi-line techniques that extract from a large number of spectral lines a sort of mean profile, this method allows to extract individual spectral lines and thus allows for an inversion on the basis of specific lines. All these methods are incorporated in our newly developed ZDI code iMap, which is based on a conjugated gradient method. An in depth validation of our new synthesis method demonstrates the reliability and accuracy of this approach as well as a gain in computation time by almost three orders of magnitude relative to the conventional radiative transfer calculations. We investigated the influence of the different Stokes components (IV / IVQU) on the ability to reconstruct a known synthetic field configuration. In doing so we validate the capability of our inversion code, and we also assess limitations of magnetic field inversions in general. In a first application to II Peg, a K2 IV subgiant, we derived temperature and magnetic field surface distributions from spectropolarimetric data obtained in 2004 and 2007. It gives for the first time simultaneously the temporal evolution of the surface temperature and magnetic field distribution on II Peg.
X-ray spectroscopy is a sensitive probe of stellar winds. X-rays originate from optically thin shock-heated plasma deep inside the wind and propagate outwards throughout absorbing cool material. Recent analyses of the line ratios from He-like ions in the X-ray spectra of O-stars highlighted problems with this general paradigm: the measured line ratios of highest ions are consistent with the location of the hottest X-ray emitting plasma very close to the base of the wind, perhaps indicating the presence of a corona, while measurements from lower ions conform with the wind-embedded shock model. Generally, to correctly model the emerging Xray spectra, a detailed knowledge of the cool wind opacities based on stellar atmosphere models is prerequisite. A nearly grey stellar wind opacity for the X-rays is deduced from the analyses of high-resolution X-ray spectra. This indicates that the stellar winds are strongly clumped. Furthermore, the nearly symmetric shape of X-ray emission line profiles can be explained if the wind clumps are radially compressed. In massive binaries the orbital variations of X-ray emission allow to probe the opacity of the stellar wind; results support the picture of strong wind clumping. In high-mass X-ray binaries, the stochastic X-ray variability and the extend of the stellar-wind part photoionized by X-rays provide further strong evidence that stellar winds consist of dense clumps.
X-rays are integral to furthering our knowledge of exoplanetary systems. In this work we discuss the use of X-ray observations to understand star-planet interac- tions, mass-loss rates of an exoplanet’s atmosphere and the study of an exoplanet’s atmospheric components using future X-ray spectroscopy.
The low-mass star GJ 1151 was reported to display variable low-frequency radio emission, which is an indication of coronal star-planet interactions with an unseen exoplanet. In chapter 5 we report the first X-ray detection of GJ 1151’s corona based on XMM-Newton data. Averaged over the observation, we detect the star with a low coronal temperature of 1.6 MK and an X-ray luminosity of LX = 5.5 × 1026 erg/s. This is compatible with the coronal assumptions for a sub-Alfvénic star- planet interaction origin of the observed radio signals from this star.
In chapter 6, we aim to characterise the high-energy environment of known ex- oplanets and estimate their mass-loss rates. This work is based on the soft X-ray instrument on board the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) mission, eROSITA, along with archival data from ROSAT, XMM-Newton, and Chandra. We use these four X-ray source catalogues to derive X-ray luminosities of exoplanet host stars in the 0.2-2 keV energy band. A catalogue of the mass-loss rates of 287 exoplan- ets is presented, with 96 of these planets characterised for the first time using new eROSITA detections. Of these first time detections, 14 are of transiting exoplanets that undergo irradiation from their host stars that is of a level known to cause ob- servable evaporation signals in other systems, making them suitable for follow-up observations.
In the next generation of space observatories, X-ray transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet’s atmosphere will be possible, allowing for a detailed look into the atmospheric composition of these planets. In chapter 7, we model sample spectra using a toy model of an exoplanetary atmosphere to predict what exoplanet transit observations with future X-ray missions such as Athena will look like. We then estimate the observable X-ray transmission spectrum for a typical Hot Jupiter-type exoplanet, giving us insights into the advances in X-ray observations of exoplanets in the decades to come.
In this review I briefly summarize our knowledge of the X-ray emission from single WN, WC, and WO stars. These stars have relatively modest X-ray luminosities, typically not exceeding 1L⊙. The analysis of X-ray spectra usually reveals thermal plasma with temperatures reaching a few x10 MK. X-ray variability is detected in some WN stars. At present we don't fully understand how X-ray radiation in produced in WR stars, albeit there are some promising research avenues, such as the presence of CIRs in the winds of some stars. To fully understand WR stars we need to unravel mechanisms of X-ray production in their winds.
Using a code that employs a self-consistent method for computing the effects of photoionization on circumstellar gas dynamics, we model the formation of wind-driven nebulae around massive Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars. Our algorithm incorporates a simplified model of the photo-ionization source, computes the fractional ionization of hydrogen due to the photoionizing flux and recombination, and determines self-consistently the energy balance due to ionization, photo-heating and radiative cooling. We take into account changes in stellar properties and mass-loss over the star's evolution. Our multi-dimensional simulations clearly reveal the presence of strong ionization front instabilities. Using various X-ray emission models, and abundances consistent with those derived for W-R nebulae, we compute the X-ray flux and spectra from our wind bubble models. We show the evolution of the X-ray spectral features with time over the evolution of the star, taking the absorption of the X-rays by the ionized bubble into account. Our simulated X-ray spectra compare reasonably well with observed spectra of Wolf-Rayet bubbles. They suggest that X-ray nebulae around massive stars may not be easily detectable, consistent with observations.∗
Giacconi et al. (1962) discovered a diffuse cosmic X-ray background with rocket experiments when they searched for lunar X-ray emission. Later satellite missions found a spectral peak in the cosmic X-ray background at ~30 keV. Imaging X-ray satellites such as ROSAT (1990-1999) were able to resolve up to 80% of the background below 2 keV into single point sources, mainly active galaxies. The cosmic X-ray background is the integration of all accreting super-massive (several million solar masses) black holes in the centre of active galaxies over cosmic time. Synthesis models need further populations of X-ray absorbed active galaxy nuclei (AGN) in order to explain the cosmic X-ray background peak at ~30 keV. Current X-ray missions such as XMM-Newton and Chandra offer the possibility of studying these additional populations. This Ph.D. thesis studies the populations that dominate the X-ray sky. For this purpose the 120 ksec XMM-Newton Marano field survey, named for an earlier optical quasar survey in the southern hemisphere, is analysed. Based on the optical follow-up observations the X-ray sources are spectroscopically classified. Optical and X-ray properties of the different X-ray source populations are studied and differences are derived. The amount of absorption in the X-ray spectra of type II AGN, which are considered as a main contributor to the X-ray background at ~30 keV, is determined. In order to extend the sample size of the rare type II AGN, this study also includes objects from another survey, the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Medium Sample. In addition, the dependence of the absorption in type II AGN with redshift and X-ray luminosity is analysed. We detected 328 X-ray sources in the Marano field. 140 sources were spectroscopically classified. We found 89 type I AGN, 36 type II AGN, 6 galaxies, and 9 stars. AGN, galaxies, and stars are clearly distinguishable by their optical and X-ray properties. Type I and II AGN do not separate clearly. They have a significant overlap in all studied properties. In a few cases the X-ray properties are in contradiction to the observed optical properties for type I and type II AGN. For example we find type II AGN that show evidence for optical absorption but are not absorbed in X-rays. Based on the additional use of near infra-red imaging (K-band), we were able to identify several of the rare type II AGN. The X-ray spectra of type II AGN from the XMM-Newton Marano field survey and the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Medium Sample were analysed. Since most of the sources have only ~40 X-ray counts in the XMM-Newton PN-detector, I carefully studied the fit results of simulated X-ray spectra as a function of fit statistic and binning method. The objects revealed only moderate absorption. In particular, I do not find any Compton-thick sources (absorbed by column densities of NH > 1.5 x 10^24 cm^−2). This gives evidence that type II AGN are not the main contributor of the X-ray background around 30 keV. Although bias effects may occur, type II AGN show no noticeable trend of the amount of absorption with redshift or X-ray luminosity.
WR Time Series Photometry
(2015)
We take a comprehensive look at Wolf Rayet photometric variability using the MOST satellite. This sample, consisting of 6 WR stars and 6 WC stars defies all typical photometric analysis. We do, however, confirm the presence of unusual periodic signals resembling sawtooth waves which are present in 11 out of 12 stars in this sample.
For some years now, spectroscopic measurements of massive stars in the amateur domain have been fulfilling professional requirements. Various groups in the northern and southern hemispheres have been established, running successful professional-amateur (ProAm) collaborative campaigns, e.g., on WR, O and B type stars. Today high quality data (echelle and long-slit) are regularly delivered and corresponding results published. Night-to-night long-term observations over months to years open a new opportunity for massive-star research. We introduce recent and ongoing sample campaigns (e.g. ∊ Aur, WR 134, ζ Pup), show respective results and highlight the vast amount of data collected in various data bases. Ultimately it is in the time-dependent domain where amateurs can shine most.
In this review, I discuss the suitability of massive star progenitors, evolved in isolation or in interacting binaries, for the production of observed supernovae (SNe) IIb, Ib, Ic. These SN types can be explained through variations in composition. The critical need of non-thermal effects to produce He I lines favours low-mass He-rich ejecta (in which ^56 Ni can be more easily mixed with He) for the production of SNe IIb/Ib, which thus may arise preferentially from moderate-mass donors in interacting binaries. SNe Ic may instead arise from higher mass progenitors, He-poor or not, because their larger CO cores prevent efficient non-thermal excitation of He i lines. However, current single star evolution models tend to produce Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars at death that have a final mass of > 10 M⊙. Single WR star explosion models produce ejecta that are too massive to match the observed light curve widths and rise times of SNe IIb/Ib/Ic, unless their kinetic energy is systematically and far greater than the canonical value of 10^56 erg. Future work is needed to evaluate the energy/mass degeneracy in light curve properties. Alternatively, a greater mass loss during the WR phase, perhaps in the form of eruptions, as evidenced in SNe Ibn, may reduce the final WR mass. If viable, such explosions would nonetheless favour a SN Ic, not a Ib.
Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, as they are advanced stages of the life of massive stars, provide a good test for various physical processes involved in the modelling of massive stars, such as rotation and mass loss. In this paper, we show the outputs of the latest grids of single massive stars computed with the Geneva stellar evolution code, and compare them with some observations. We present a short discussion on the shortcomings of single stars models and we also briefly discuss the impact of binarity on the WR populations.
Wolf-Rayet Stars
(2015)
Nearly 150 years ago, the French astronomers Charles Wolf and Georges Rayet described stars with very conspicuous spectra that are dominated by bright and broad emission lines. Meanwhile termed Wolf-Rayet Stars after their discoverers, those objects turned out to represent important stages in the life of massive stars.
As the first conference in a long time that was specifically dedicated to Wolf-Rayet stars, an international workshop was held in Potsdam, Germany, from 1.-5. June 2015. About 100 participants, comprising most of the leading experts in the field as well as as many young scientists, gathered for one week of extensive scientific exchange and discussions. Considerable progress has been reported throughout, e.g. on finding such stars, modeling and analyzing their spectra, understanding their evolutionary context, and studying their circumstellar nebulae. While some major questions regarding Wolf-Rayet stars still remain open 150 years after their discovery, it is clear today that these objects are not just interesting stars as such, but also keystones in the evolution of galaxies.
These proceedings summarize the talks and posters presented at the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet workshop. Moreover, they also include the questions, comments, and discussions emerging after each talk, thereby giving a rare overview not only about the research, but also about the current debates and unknowns in the field. The Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) included Alceste Bonanos (Athens), Paul Crowther (Sheffield), John Eldridge (Auckland), Wolf-Rainer Hamann (Potsdam, Chair), John Hillier (Pittsburgh), Claus Leitherer (Baltimore), Philip Massey (Flagstaff), George Meynet (Geneva), Tony Moffat (Montreal), Nicole St-Louis (Montreal), and Dany Vanbeveren (Brussels).
I review our current understanding of the interaction between a Wolf-Rayet star's fast wind and the surrounding medium, and discuss to what extent the predictions of numerical simulations coincide with multiwavelength observations of Wolf-Rayet nebulae. Through a series of examples, I illustrate how changing the input physics affects the results of the numerical simulations. Finally, I discuss how numerical simulations together with multiwavelength observations of these objects allow us to unpick the previous mass-loss history of massive stars.
An overview of the known Wolf-Rayet (WR) population of the Milky Way is presented, including a brief overview of historical catalogues and recent advances based on infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations resulting in the current census of 642 (vl.13 online catalogue). The observed distribution of WR stars is considered with respect to known star clusters, given that ≤20% of WR stars in the disk are located in clusters. WN stars outnumber WC stars at all galactocentric radii, while early-type WC stars are strongly biased against the inner Milky Way. Finally, recent estimates of the global WR population in the Milky Way are reassessed, with 1,200±100 estimated, such that the current census may be 50% complete. A characteristic WR lifetime of 0.25 Myr is inferred for an initial mass threshold of 25 M⊙.
A significant number of the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) are hydrogen-deficient, showing a chemical composition of helium, carbon, and oxygen. Most of them exhibit Wolf-Rayet-like emission line spectra, similar to those of the massive WC Pop I stars, and are therefore classified as of spectral type [WC]. In the last years, CSPNe of other Wolf-Rayet spectral subtypes have been identified, namely PB 8, which is of spectral type [WN/C], and IC 4663 and Abell 48, which are of spectral type [WN]. We review spectral analyses of Wolf-Rayet type central stars of different evolutionary stages and discuss the results in the context of stellar evolution. Especially we consider the question of a common evolutionary channel for [WC] stars. The constraints on the formation of [WN] or [WC/N] subtype stars will also be addressed.
The emission-line dominated spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars are formed in expanding layers of their atmosphere, i.e. in their strong stellar wind. Adequate modeling of such spectra has to face a couple of difficulties. Because of the supersonic motion, the radiative transfer is preferably formulated in the co-moving frame. The strong deviations from local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) require to solve the equations of statistical equilibrium for the population numbers, accounting for many hundred atomic energy levels and thousands of line transitions. Moreover, millions of lines from iron-group elements must be taken into account for their blanketing effect. Model atmospheres of the described kind can reproduce the observed WR spectra satisfyingly, and have been widely applied for corresponding spectral analyses.
During the last decade, intracellular actin waves have attracted much attention due to their essential role in various cellular functions, ranging from motility to cytokinesis. Experimental methods have advanced significantly and can capture the dynamics of actin waves over a large range of spatio-temporal scales. However, the corresponding coarse-grained theory mostly avoids the full complexity of this multi-scale phenomenon. In this perspective, we focus on a minimal continuum model of activator–inhibitor type and highlight the qualitative role of mass conservation, which is typically overlooked. Specifically, our interest is to connect between the mathematical mechanisms of pattern formation in the presence of a large-scale mode, due to mass conservation, and distinct behaviors of actin waves.
What can we learn from climate data? : Methods for fluctuation, time/scale and phase analysis
(2006)
Since Galileo Galilei invented the first thermometer, researchers have tried to understand the complex dynamics of ocean and atmosphere by means of scientific methods. They observe nature and formulate theories about the climate system. Since some decades powerful computers are capable to simulate the past and future evolution of climate. Time series analysis tries to link the observed data to the computer models: Using statistical methods, one estimates characteristic properties of the underlying climatological processes that in turn can enter the models. The quality of an estimation is evaluated by means of error bars and significance testing. On the one hand, such a test should be capable to detect interesting features, i.e. be sensitive. On the other hand, it should be robust and sort out false positive results, i.e. be specific. This thesis mainly aims to contribute to methodological questions of time series analysis with a focus on sensitivity and specificity and to apply the investigated methods to recent climatological problems. First, the inference of long-range correlations by means of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) is studied. It is argued that power-law scaling of the fluctuation function and thus long-memory may not be assumed a priori but have to be established. This requires to investigate the local slopes of the fluctuation function. The variability characteristic for stochastic processes is accounted for by calculating empirical confidence regions. The comparison of a long-memory with a short-memory model shows that the inference of long-range correlations from a finite amount of data by means of DFA is not specific. When aiming to infer short memory by means of DFA, a local slope larger than $\alpha=0.5$ for large scales does not necessarily imply long-memory. Also, a finite scaling of the autocorrelation function is shifted to larger scales in the fluctuation function. It turns out that long-range correlations cannot be concluded unambiguously from the DFA results for the Prague temperature data set. In the second part of the thesis, an equivalence class of nonstationary Gaussian stochastic processes is defined in the wavelet domain. These processes are characterized by means of wavelet multipliers and exhibit well defined time dependent spectral properties; they allow one to generate realizations of any nonstationary Gaussian process. The dependency of the realizations on the wavelets used for the generation is studied, bias and variance of the wavelet sample spectrum are calculated. To overcome the difficulties of multiple testing, an areawise significance test is developed and compared to the conventional pointwise test in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Applications to Climatological and Hydrological questions are presented. The thesis at hand mainly aims to contribute to methodological questions of time series analysis and to apply the investigated methods to recent climatological problems. In the last part, the coupling between El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Monsoon on inter-annual time scales is studied by means of Hilbert transformation and a curvature defined phase. This method allows one to investigate the relation of two oscillating systems with respect to their phases, independently of their amplitudes. The performance of the technique is evaluated using a toy model. From the data, distinct epochs are identified, especially two intervals of phase coherence, 1886-1908 and 1964-1980, confirming earlier findings from a new point of view. A significance test of high specificity corroborates these results. Also so far unknown periods of coupling invisible to linear methods are detected. These findings suggest that the decreasing correlation during the last decades might be partly inherent to the ENSO/Monsoon system. Finally, a possible interpretation of how volcanic radiative forcing could cause the coupling is outlined.
Die Arktis erwärmt sich schneller als der Rest der Erde. Die Auswirkungen manifestieren sich unter Anderem in einer verstärkten Erwärmung der arktischen Grenzschicht. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Wechselwirkungen zwischen synoptischen Zyklonen und der arktischen Atmosphäre auf lokalen bis überregionalen Skalen. Ausgangspunkt dafür sind Messdaten und Modellsimulationen für den Zeitraum der N-ICE2015 Expedition, die von Anfang Januar bis Ende Juni 2015 im arktischen Nordatlantiksektor stattgefunden hat.
Anhand von Radiosondenmessungen lassen sich Auswirkungen von synoptischen Zyklonen am deutlichsten im Winter erkennen, da sie durch die Advektion warmer und feuchter Luftmassen in die Arktis den Zustand der Atmosphäre von einem strahlungs-klaren in einen strahlungs-opaken ändern. Obwohl dieser scharfe Kontrast nur im Winter existiert, zeigt die Analyse, dass der integrierte Wasserdampf als Indikator für die Advektion von Luftmassen aus niedrigen Breiten in die Arktis auch im Frühjahr geeignet ist. Neben der Advektion von Luftmassen wird der Einfluss der Zyklonen auf die statische Stabilität charakterisiert. Beim Vergleich der N-ICE2015 Beobachtungen mit der SHEBA Kampagne (1997/1998), die über dickerem Eis stattfand, finden sich trotz der unterschiedlichen Meereisregime Ähnlichkeiten in der statischen Stabilität der Atmosphäre. Die beobachteten Differenzen in der Stabilität lassen sich auf Unterschiede in der synoptischen Aktivität zurückführen. Dies lässt vermuten, dass die dünnere Eisdecke auf saisonalen Zeitskalen nur einen geringen Einfluss auf die thermodynamische Struktur der arktischen Troposphäre besitzt, solange eine dicke Schneeschicht sie bedeckt. Ein weiterer Vergleich mit den parallel zur N-ICE2015 Kampagne gestarteten Radiosonden der AWIPEV Station in Ny-Åesund, Spitzbergen, macht deutlich, dass die synoptischen Zyklonen oberhalb der Orographie auf saisonalen Zeitskalen das Wettergeschehen bestimmen.
Des Weiteren werden für Februar 2015 die Auswirkungen von in der Vertikalen variiertem Nudging auf die Entwicklung der Zyklonen am Beispiel des hydrostatischen regionalen Klimamodells HIRHAM5 untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass die Unterschiede zwischen den acht Modellsimulationen mit abnehmender Anzahl der genudgten Level zunehmen. Die größten Differenzen resultieren vornehmlich aus dem zeitlichen Versatz der Entwicklung synoptischer Zyklonen. Zur Korrektur des Zeitversatzes der Zykloneninitiierung genügt es bereits, Nudging in den unterstem 250 m der Troposphäre anzuwenden. Daneben findet sich zwischen den genudgten HIRHAM5-Simulation und den in situ Messungen der gleiche positive Temperaturbias, den auch ERA-Interim besitzt. Das freie HIRHAM hingegen reproduziert das positive Ende der N-ICE2015 Temperaturverteilung gut, besitzt aber einen starken negativen Bias, der sehr wahrscheinlich aus einer Unterschätzung des Feuchtegehalts resultiert. An Beispiel einer Zyklone wird gezeigt, dass Nudging Einfluss auf die Lage der Höhentiefs besitzt, die ihrerseits die Zyklonenentwicklung am Boden beeinflussen. Im Weiteren wird mittels eines für kleine Ensemblegrößen geeigneten Varianzmaßes eine statistische Einschätzung der Wirkung des Nudgings auf die Vertikale getroffen. Es wird festgestellt, dass die Ähnlichkeit der Modellsimulationen in der unteren Troposphäre generell höher ist als darüber und in 500 hPa ein lokales Minimum besitzt.
Im letzten Teil der Analyse wird die Wechselwirkung der oberen und unteren Stratosphäre anhand zuvor betrachteter Zyklonen mit Daten der ERA-Interim Reanalyse untersucht. Lage und Ausrichtung des Polarwirbels erzeugten ab Anfang Februar 2015 eine ungewöhnlich große Meridionalkomponente des Tropopausenjets, die Zugbahnen in die zentrale Arktis begünstigte. Am Beispiel einer Zyklone wird die Übereinstimmung der synoptischen Entwicklung mit den theoretischen Annahmen über den abwärts gerichteten Einfluss der Stratosphäre auf die Troposphäre hervorgehoben. Dabei spielt die nicht-lineare Wechselwirkung zwischen der Orographie Grönlands, einer Intrusion stratosphärischer Luft in die Troposphäre sowie einer in Richtung Arktis propagierender Rossby-Welle eine tragende Rolle. Als Indikator dieser Wechselwirkung werden horizontale Signaturen aus abwechselnd aufsteigender und absinkender Luft innerhalb der Troposphäre identifiziert.
To understand the evolution and morphology of planetary nebulae, a detailed knowledge of their central stars is required. Central stars that exhibit emission lines in their spectra, indicating stellar mass-loss allow to study the evolution of planetary nebulae in action. Emission line central stars constitute about 10 % of all central stars. Half of them are practically hydrogen-free Wolf-Rayet type central stars of the carbon sequence, [WC], that show strong emission lines of carbon and oxygen in their spectra. In this contribution we address the weak emission-lines central stars (wels). These stars are poorly analyzed and their hydrogen content is mostly unknown. We obtained optical spectra, that include the important Balmer lines of hydrogen, for four weak emission line central stars. We present the results of our analysis, provide spectral classification and discuss possible explanations for their formation and evolution.
Projection methods based on wavelet functions combine optimal convergence rates with algorithmic efficiency. The proofs in this paper utilize the approximation properties of wavelets and results from the general theory of regularization methods. Moreover, adaptive strategies can be incorporated still leading to optimal convergence rates for the resulting algorithms. The so-called wavelet-vaguelette decompositions enable the realization of especially fast algorithms for certain operators.
Contents: 1 Introduction 1.1 Tikhanov-Phillips Regularization of Ill-Posed Problems 1.2 A Compact Course to Wavelets 2 A Multilevel Iteration for Tikhonov-Phillips Regularization 2.1 Multilevel Splitting 2.2 The Multilevel Iteration 2.3 Multilevel Approach to Cone Beam Reconstuction 3 The use of approximating operators 3.1 Computing approximating families {Ah}
In this work we investigated ultrafast demagnetization in a Heusler-alloy. This material belongs to the halfmetal and exists in a ferromagnetic phase. A special feature of investigated alloy is a structure of electronic bands. The last leads to the specific density of the states. Majority electrons form a metallic like structure while minority electrons form a gap near the Fermi-level, like in semiconductor. This particularity offers a good possibility to use this material as model-like structure and to make some proof of principles concerning demagnetization. Using pump-probe experiments we carried out time-resolved measurements to figure out the times of demagnetization. For the pumping we used ultrashort laser pulses with duration around 100 fs. Simultaneously we used two excitation regimes with two different wavelengths namely 400 nm and 1240 nm. Decreasing the energy of photons to the gap size of the minority electrons we explored the effect of the gap on the demagnetization dynamics. During this work we used for the first time OPA (Optical Parametrical Amplifier) for the generation of the laser irradiation in a long-wave regime. We tested it on the FETOSPEX-beamline in BASSYII electron storage ring. With this new technique we measured wavelength dependent demagnetization dynamics. We estimated that the demagnetization time is in a correlation with photon energy of the excitation pulse. Higher photon energy leads to the faster demagnetization in our material. We associate this result with the existence of the energy-gap for minority electrons and explained it with Elliot-Yaffet-scattering events. Additionally we applied new probe-method for magnetization state in this work and verified their effectivity. It is about the well-known XMCD (X-ray magnetic circular dichroism) which we adopted for the measurements in reflection geometry. Static experiments confirmed that the pure electronic dynamics can be separated from the magnetic one. We used photon energy fixed on the L3 of the corresponding elements with circular polarization. Appropriate incidence angel was estimated from static measurements. Using this probe method in dynamic measurements we explored electronic and magnetic dynamics in this alloy.
We report on the detection of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac objects KUV 00311-1938 and PKS 1440-389 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). H.E.S.S. observations were accompanied or preceded by multiwavelength observations with Fermi/LAT, XRT and UVOT onboard the Swift satellite, and ATOM. Based on an extrapolation of the Fermi/LAT spectrum towards the VHE gamma-ray regime, we deduce a 95 per cent confidence level upper limit on the unknown redshift of KUV 00311-1938 of z < 0.98 and of PKS 1440-389 of z < 0.53. When combined with previous spectroscopy results, the redshift of KUV 00311-1938 is constrained to 0.51 <= z < 0.98 and of PKS 1440-389 to 0.14 (sic) z < 0.53.
We present an X-ray-optical cross-correlator for the soft (> 150 eV) up to the hard X-ray regime based on a molybdenum-silicon superlattice. The cross-correlation is done by probing intensity and position changes of superlattice Bragg peaks caused by photoexcitation of coherent phonons. This approach is applicable for a wide range of X-ray photon energies as well as for a broad range of excitation wavelengths and requires no external fields or changes of temperature. Moreover, the cross-correlator can be employed on a 10 ps or 100 fs time scale featuring up to 50% total X-ray reflectivity and transient signal changes of more than 20%. (C) 2016 Author(s).
In the last century, several astronomical measurements have supported that a significant percentage (about 22%) of the total mass of the Universe, on galactic and extragalactic scales, is composed of a mysterious ”dark” matter (DM). DM does not interact with the electromagnetic force; in other words it does not reflect, absorb or emit light. It is possible that DM particles are weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) that can annihilate (or decay) into Standard Model (SM) particles, and modern very- high-energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) instruments such as imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) can play an important role in constraining the main properties of such DM particles, by detecting these products. One of the most privileged targets where to look for DM signal are dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), as they are expected to be high DM-dominated objects with a clean, gas-free environment. Some dSphs could be considered as extended sources, considering the angular resolution of IACTs; their angu- lar resolution is adequate to detect extended emission from dSphs. For this reason, we performed an extended-source analysis, by taking into account in the unbinned maximum likelihood estimation both the energy and the angular extension dependency of observed events. The goal was to set more constrained upper limits on the velocity-averaged cross-section annihilation of WIMPs with VERITAS data. VERITAS is an array of four IACTs, able to detect γ-ray photons ranging between 100 GeV and 30 TeV. The results of this extended analysis were compared against the traditional spectral analysis. We found that a 2D analysis may lead to more constrained results, depending on the DM mass, channel, and source. Moreover, in this thesis, the results of a multi-instrument project are presented too. Its goal was to combine already published 20 dSphs data from five different experiments, such as Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, H.E.S.S., VERITAS and HAWC, in order to set upper limits on the WIMP annihilation cross-section in the widest mass range ever reported.
Variationen der stratosphärischen Residualzirkulation und ihr Einfluss auf die Ozonverteilung
(2006)
Die Residualzirkulation entspricht der mittleren Massenzirkulation und beschreibt die im zonalen Mittel stattfindenden meridionalen Transportprozesse. Die Variationen der Residualzirkulation bestimmen gemeinsam mit dem anthropogen verursachten Ozonabbau die jährlichen Schwankungen der Ozongesamtsäule im arktischen Frühling. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Geschwindigkeit des arktischen Astes der Residualzirkulation aus atmosphärischen Daten gewonnen. Zu diesem Zweck wird das diabatische Absinken im Polarwirbel mit Hilfe von Trajektorienrechnungen bestimmt. Die vertikalen Bewegungen der Luftpakete können mit vertikalen Windfeldern oder entsprechend einem neuen Ansatz mit diabatischen Heizraten angetrieben werden. Die Eingabedaten stammen aus dem 45 Jahre langen Reanalyse-Datensatz des "European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast" (ECMWF). Außerdem kann für die Jahre ab 1984 die operationelle ECMWF-Analyse verwendet werden. Die Qualität und Robustheit der Heizraten- und Trajektorienrechnungen werden durch Sensitivitätsstudien und Vergleiche mit anderen Modellen untermauert. Anschließend werden umfangreiche Trajektorienensemble statistisch ausgewertet, um ein detailliertes, zeit- und höhenaufgelöstes Bild des diabatischen Absinkens zu ermitteln. In diesem Zusammenhang werden zwei Methoden entwickelt, um das Absinken gemittelt im Polarwirbel oder als Funktion der äquivalenten Breite zu bestimmen. Es wird gezeigt, dass es notwendig ist den Lagrangeschen auf Trajektorienrechnungen basierenden Ansatz zu verfolgen, da die einfachen Eulerschen Mittel Abweichungen zu den Lagrangeschen Vertikalgeschwindigkeiten aufweisen. Das wirbelgemittelte Absinken wird für einzelne Winter mit dem beobachteten Absinken langlebiger Spurengase und anderen Modellstudien verglichen. Der Vergleich zeigt, dass das Absinken basierend auf den vertikalen Windfeldern der ECMWF-Datensätze den Nettoluftmassentransport durch die Residualzirkulation sehr stark überschätzt. Der neue Ansatz basierend auf den Heizraten ergibt hingegen realistische Ergebnisse und wird aus diesem Grund für alle Rechnungen verwendet. Es wird erstmalig eine Klimatologie des diabatischen Absinkens über einen fast fünf Jahrzehnte umfassenden Zeitraum erstellt. Die Klimatologie beinhaltet das vertikal und zeitlich aufgelöste diabatische Absinken gemittelt über den gesamten Polarwirbel und Informationen über die räumliche Struktur des vertikalen Absinkens. Die natürliche Jahr-zu-Jahr Variabilität des diabatischen Absinkens ist sehr stark ausgeprägt. Es wird gezeigt, dass zwischen der ECMWF-Zeitreihe des diabatischen Absinkens und der Zeitreihe aus einem unabhängig analysierten Temperaturdatensatz hohe Korrelationen bestehen. Erstmals wird der Einfluss von Transportprozessen auf die Ozongesamtsäule im arktischen Frühling direkt quantifiziert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Jahr-zu-Jahr Variabilität der Ozongesamtsäule im arktischen Frühling zu gleichen Anteilen durch die Variabilität der dynamischen Komponente und durch die Variabilität der chemischen Komponente beeinflusst wird. Die gefundenen Variabilitäten von diabatischem Absinken und Ozoneintrag in hohen Breiten werden mit der vertikalen Ausbreitung planetarer Wellen aus der Troposphäre in die Stratosphäre in Beziehung gesetzt.
Many chemical reactions in biological cells occur at very low concentrations of constituent molecules. Thus, transcriptional gene-regulation is often controlled by poorly expressed transcription-factors, such as E.coli lac repressor with few tens of copies. Here we study the effects of inherent concentration fluctuations of substrate-molecules on the seminal Michaelis-Menten scheme of biochemical reactions. We present a universal correction to the Michaelis-Menten equation for the reaction-rates. The relevance and validity of this correction for enzymatic reactions and intracellular gene-regulation is demonstrated. Our analytical theory and simulation results confirm that the proposed variance-corrected Michaelis-Menten equation predicts the rate of reactions with remarkable accuracy even in the presence of large non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations. The major advantage of our approach is that it involves only the mean and variance of the substrate-molecule concentration. Our theory is therefore accessible to experiments and not specific to the exact source of the concentration fluctuations.
URSA-PQ
(2020)
We present a highly flexible and portable instrument to perform pump-probe spectroscopy with an optical and an X-ray pulse in the gas phase. The so-called URSA-PQ (German for ‘Ultraschnelle Röntgenspektroskopie zur Abfrage der Photoenergiekonversion an Quantensystemen’, Engl. ‘ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy for probing photoenergy conversion in quantum systems’) instrument is equipped with a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer (MBES) and tools to characterize the spatial and temporal overlap of optical and X-ray laser pulses. Its adherence to the CAMP instrument dimensions allows for a wide range of sample sources as well as other spectrometers to be included in the setup. We present the main design and technical features of the instrument. The MBES performance was evaluated using Kr M4,5NN Auger lines using backfilled Kr gas, with an energy resolution ΔE/E ≅ 1/40 in the integrating operative mode. The time resolution of the setup at FLASH 2 FL 24 has been characterized with the help of an experiment on 2-thiouracil that is inserted via the instruments’ capillary oven. We find a time resolution of 190 fs using the molecular 2p photoline shift and attribute this to different origins in the UV-pump—the X-ray probe setup.
We calculate the additional carbon emissions as a result of the conversion of natural land in a process of urbanisation; and the change of carbon flows by “urbanised” ecosystems, when the atmospheric carbon is exported to the neighboring territories, from 1980 till 2050 for the eight regions of the world. As a scenario we use combined UN and demographic model′s prognoses for regional total and urban population growth. The calculations of urban areas dynamics are based on two models: the regression model and the Gamma-model. The urbanised area is sub-divided on built-up, „green“ (parks, etc.) and informal settlements (favelas) areas. The next step is to calculate the regional and world dynamics of carbon emission and export, and the annual total carbon balance. Both models give similar results with some quantitative differences. In the first model, the world annual emissions attain a maximum of 205 MtC/year between 2020-2030. Emissions will then slowly decrease. The maximum contributions are given by China and the Asia and Pacific regions. In the second model, world annual emissions increase to 1.25 GtC in 2005, beginning to decrease afterwards. If we compare the emission maximum with the annual emission caused by deforestation, 1.36GtC per year, then we can say that the role of urbanised territories (UT) is of a comparable magnitude. Regarding the world annual export of carbon by UT, we observe its monotonous growth by three times, from 24 MtC to 66 MtC in the first model, and from 249 MtC to 505 MtC in the second one. The latter, is therefore comparable to the amount of carbon transported by rivers into the ocean (196-537 MtC). By estimating the total balance we find that urbanisation shifts the total balance towards a “sink” state. The urbanisation is inhibited in the interval 2020-2030, and by 2050 the growth of urbanised areas would almost stop. Hence, the total emission of natural carbon at that stage will stabilise at the level of the 1980s (80 MtC per year). As estimated by the second model, the total balance, being almost constant until 2000, then starts to decrease at an almost constant rate. We can say that by the end of the XXI century, the total carbon balance will be equal to zero, when the exchange flows are fully balanced, and may even be negative, when the system begins to take up carbon from the atmosphere, i.e., becomes a “sink”.
The Epoch of Reionization marks after recombination the second major change in the ionization state of the universe, going from a neutral to an ionized state. It starts with the appearance of the first stars and galaxies; a fraction of high-energy photons emitted from galaxies permeate into the intergalactic medium (IGM) and gradually ionize the hydrogen, until the IGM is completely ionized at z~6 (Fan et al., 2006). While the progress of reionization is driven by galaxy evolution, it changes the ionization and thermal state of the IGM substantially and affects subsequent structure and galaxy formation by various feedback mechanisms.
Understanding this interaction between reionization and galaxy formation is further impeded by a lack of understanding of the high-redshift galactic properties such as the dust distribution and the escape fraction of ionizing photons. Lyman Alpha Emitters (LAEs) represent a sample of high-redshift galaxies that are sensitive to all these galactic properties and the effects of reionization.
In this thesis we aim to understand the progress of reionization by performing cosmological simulations, which allows us to investigate the limits of constraining reionization by high-redshift galaxies as LAEs, and examine how galactic properties and the ionization state of the IGM affect the visibility and observed quantities of LAEs and Lyman Break galaxies (LBGs).
In the first part of this thesis we focus on performing radiative transfer calculations to simulate reionization. We have developed a mapping-sphere-scheme, which, starting from spherically averaged temperature and density fields, uses our 1D radiative transfer code and computes the effect of each source on the IGM temperature and ionization (HII, HeII, HeIII) profiles, which are subsequently mapped onto a grid. Furthermore we have updated the 3D Monte-Carlo radiative transfer pCRASH, enabling detailed reionization simulations which take individual source characteristics into account.
In the second part of this thesis we perform a reionization simulation by post-processing a smoothed-particle hydrodynamical (SPH) simulation (GADGET-2) with 3D radiative transfer (pCRASH), where the ionizing sources are modelled according to the characteristics of the stellar populations in the hydrodynamical simulation. Following the ionization fractions of hydrogen (HI) and helium (HeII, HeIII), and temperature in our simulation, we find that reionization starts at z~11 and ends at z~6, and high density regions near sources are ionized earlier than low density regions far from sources.
In the third part of this thesis we couple the cosmological SPH simulation and the radiative transfer simulations with a physically motivated, self-consistent model for LAEs, in order to understand the importance of the ionization state of the IGM, the escape fraction of ionizing photons from galaxies and dust in the interstellar medium (ISM) on the visibility of LAEs. Comparison of our models results with the LAE Lyman Alpha (Lya) and UV luminosity functions at z~6.6 reveals a three-dimensional degeneracy between the ionization state of the IGM, the ionizing photons escape fraction and the ISM dust distribution, which implies that LAEs act not only as tracers of reionization but also of the ionizing photon escape fraction and of the ISM dust distribution. This degeneracy does not even break down when we compare simulated with observed clustering of LAEs at z~6.6. However, our results show that reionization has the largest impact on the amplitude of the LAE angular correlation functions, and its imprints are clearly distinguishable from those of properties on galactic scales. These results show that reionization cannot be constrained tightly by exclusively using LAE observations. Further observational constraints, e.g. tomographies of the redshifted hydrogen 21cm line, are required.
In addition we also use our LAE model to probe the question when a galaxy is visible as a LAE or a LBG. Within our model galaxies above a critical stellar mass can produce enough luminosity to be visible as a LBG and/or a LAE. By finding an increasing duty cycle of LBGs with Lya emission as the UV magnitude or stellar mass of the galaxy rises, our model reveals that the brightest (and most massive) LBGs most often show Lya emission.
Predicting the Lya equivalent width (Lya EW) distribution and the fraction of LBGs showing Lya emission at z~6.6, we reproduce the observational trend of the Lya EWs with UV magnitude. However, the Lya EWs of the UV brightest LBGs exceed observations and can only be reconciled by accounting for an increased Lya attenuation of massive galaxies, which implies that the observed Lya brightest LAEs do not necessarily coincide with the UV brightest galaxies. We have analysed the dependencies of LAE observables on the properties of the galactic and intergalactic medium and the LAE-LBG connection, and this enhances our understanding of the nature of LAEs.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein besseres Verständnis der Kopplung der Troposphäre und der Stratosphäre in den mittleren und polaren Breiten der Nordhemisphäre (NH) auf Monatszeitskalen erzielt, die auf die Ausbreitung von quasi-stationären Wellen zurückzuführen ist. Der Schwerpunkt lag dabei auf den dynamisch aktiven Wintermonaten, welche die grösste Variabilität aufweisen. Die troposphärische Variabilität wird zum Grossteil durch bevorzugte Zirkulationsstrukturen, den Telekonnexionsmustern, bestimmt. Mittels einer rotierten EOF-Analyse der geopotenziellen Höhe in 500 hPa wurden die wichtigsten regionalen troposphärischen Telekonnexionsmuster der Nordhemisphäre berechnet. Diese lassen sich drei grossen geografischen Regionen zuordnen; dem nordatlantisch-europäischen Raum, Eurasien und dem pazifisch-nordamerikanischen Raum. Da es sich um die stärksten troposphärischen Variabilitätsmuster handelt, wurden sie als grundlegende troposphärische Grössen herangezogen, um dynamische Zusammenhänge zwischen der troposphärischen und der stratosphärischen Zirkulation zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde anhand von instantanen und zeitverzögerten Korrelationsanalysen der troposphärischen Muster mit stratosphärischen Variablen erstmalig gezeigt, dass unterschiedliche regionale troposphärische Telekonnexionsmuster unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf die stratosphärische Zirkulation haben. Es ergaben sich für die pazifisch-nordamerikanischen Muster signifikante instantane Korrelationen mit quasi-barotropen Musterstrukturen und für die nordatlantisch-europäischen Muster zonalsymmetrische Ringstrukturen ab 1978 mit signifikanten Korrelationswerten über tropischen und subtropischen Breiten und inversen Korrelationswerten über polaren Gebieten. Bei einer Untersuchung des Einflusses der stratosphärischen Variabilität wurde gezeigt, dass sich die stärkste Kopplung von nordatlantisch-europäischen Telekonnexionsmustern mit der stratosphärischen Zirkulation bei einem in Richtung Europa verschobenen Polarwirbel ergibt, wodurch die signifikanten Korrelationen ab 1978 erklärt werden können. Eine zonal gemittelte und vor allem lokale Untersuchung der Wellenausbreitungsbedingungen während dieser stratosphärischen Situation zeigt, dass es zu schwächeren Windgeschwindigkeiten in der Stratosphäre im Bereich von Nordamerika und des westlichen Nordatlantiks kommt und sich dadurch die Wellenausbreitungsbedingungen in diesem geografischen Bereich für planetare Wellen verbessern. Durch die stärkere Wellenausbreitung kommt es zu einer stärkeren Wechselwirkung mit dem Polarjet, wobei dieser abgebremst wird. Diese Abbremsung führt zu einer Verstärkung der meridionalen Residualzirkulation. D. h., wenn es zu einer verstärkten Wellenanregung im Nordatlantik und über Europa kommt, ist die Reaktion der Residualzirkulation bei einem nach Europa verschobenem Polarwirbel besonders stark. Die quasi-barotropen Korrelationsstrukturen, die sich bei den pazifisch-nordamerikanischen Mustern zeigen, weisen aufgrund von abnehmenden Störungsamplituden mit zunehmender Höhe, keiner Westwärtsneigung und einem negativen Brechungsindex im Pazifik auf verschwindende Wellen hin, die als Lösung der Wellengleichung bei negativem Brechungsindex auftreten. Dies wird durch den Polarjet, der im Bereich des Pazifiks stets sehr weit in Richtung Norden verlagert ist, verursacht. Abschliessend wurde in dieser Arbeit untersucht, ob die gefundenen Zusammenhänge von nordatlantisch-europäischen Telekonnexionsmustern mit der stratosphärischen Zirkulation auch von einem Atmosphärenmodell wiedergegeben werden können. Dazu wurde ein transienter 40-Jahre-Klimalauf des ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM Modells mit möglichst realistischen Antrieben erstmalig auf die Kopplung der Troposphäre und der Stratosphäre analysiert. Dabei konnten sowohl die troposphärischen, als auch die stratosphärischen Variabilitätsmuster vom Modell simuliert werden. Allerdings zeigen sich in den stratosphärischen Mustern Phasenverschiebungen in den Wellenzahl-1-Strukturen und ihre Zeitreihen weisen keinen signifikanten Trend ab 1978 auf. Die Kopplung der nordatlantisch-europäischen Telekonnexionsmuster mit der stratosphärischen Zirkulation zeigt eine wesentlich schwächere Reaktion der meridionalen Residualzirkulation. Somit stellte sich heraus, dass insbesondere die stratosphärische Zirkulation im Modell starke Diskrepanzen zu den Beobachtungen zeigt, die wiederum Einfluss auf die Wellenausbreitungsbedingungen haben. Es wird damit deutlich, dass für eine richtige Wiedergabe der Wellenausbreitung und somit der Kopplung der Troposphäre und Stratosphäre die stratosphärische Zirkulation eine wichtige Rolle spielt.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, in wie weit physikalische Experimente ein flow-Erleben bei Lernenden hervorrufen. Flow-Erleben wird als Motivationsursache gesehen und soll den Weg zu Freude und Glück darstellen. Insbesondere wegen dem oft zitierten Fachkräftemangel in naturwissenschaftlichen und technischen Berufen ist eine Motivationssteigerung in naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichtsfächern wichtig. Denn trotz Leistungssteigerungen in internationalen Vergleichstests möchten in Deutschland deutlich weniger Schüler*innen einen solchen Beruf ergreifen als in anderen Industriestaaten. Daher gilt es, möglichst früh Schüler*innen für naturwissenschaftlich-technische Fächer zu begeistern und insbesondere im regelrecht verhassten Physikunterricht flow-Erleben zu erzeugen.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das flow-Erleben von Studierenden in klassischen Laborexperimenten und FELS (Forschend-Entdeckendes Lernen mit dem Smartphone) als Lernumgebung untersucht. FELS ist eine an die Lebenswelt der Schüler*innen angepasste Lernumgebung, in der sie mit Smartphones ihre eigene Lebenswelt experimentell untersuchen.
Es zeigt sich, dass sowohl klassische Laborexperimente als auch in der Lebenswelt durchgeführte, smartphonebasierte Experimente flow-Erleben erzeugen. Allerdings verursachen die smartphonebasierten Experimente kaum Stressgefühle.
Die in dieser Arbeit herausgefundenen Ergebnisse liefern einen ersten Ansatz, der durch Folgestudien erweitert werden sollte.
Die Femtosekundendynamik nach resonanten Photoanregungen mit optischen und Röntgenpulsen ermöglicht eine selektive Verformung von chemischen N‐H‐ und N‐C‐Bindungen in 2‐Thiopyridon in wässriger Lösung. Die Untersuchung der orbitalspezifischen elektronischen Struktur und ihrer Dynamik auf ultrakurzen Zeitskalen mit resonanter inelastischer Röntgenstreuung an der N1s‐Resonanz am Synchrotron und dem Freie‐Elektronen‐Laser LCLS in Kombination mit quantenchemischen Multikonfigurationsberechnungen erbringen den direkten Nachweis dieser kontrollierten photoinduzierten Molekülverformungen und ihrer ultrakurzen Zeitskala.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die planetare Grenzschicht in Ny-Ålesund, Spitzbergen, sowohl bezüglich kleinskaliger („mikrometeorologischer“) Effekte als auch in ihrer Kopplung mit der Synoptik untersucht. Dazu werden verschiedene Beobachtungsdaten aus der Säule und in Bodennähe zusammengezogen und bewertet. Die so gewonnenen Datensätze werden dann zur Validierung eines nicht-hydrostatischen, regionalen Klimamodells genutzt. Weiterhin werden orographisch bedingte Einflüsse, die Untergrundbeschaffenheit und die lokale Heterogenität der Unterlage untersucht. Hierzu werden meteorologische Größen, wie die Variabilität der Temperatur und insbesondere die jährliche Windverteilung in Bodennähe untersucht und es erfolgt ein Vergleich von in-situ gemessenen turbulenten Flüssen von den Eddy-Kovarianz-Messkomplexen bei Ny-Ålesund und im Bayelva-Tal unter demselben Aspekt. Es zeigt sich, dass der Eddy-Kovarianz-Messkomplex im Bayelva-Tal sehr stark durch eine orographisch bedingte Kanalisierung der Strömung beeinflusst ist und sich nicht für Vergleiche mit regionalen Klimamodellen mit horizontalen Auflösungen von <1km eignet. Die hohe Bodenfeuchte im Bayelva-Tal führt zudem zu einem deutlich kleineren Bowen-Verhältnis, als es für diese Region zu erwarten ist. Der Eddy-Kovarianz-Messkomplex bei Ny-Ålesund erweist sich hingegen als geeigneter für solche Modellvergleiche, aufgrund der typischen, küstennahen Windverteilung und des repräsentativen Footprints. Letzteres wird durch die Bestimmung der Footprint-Klimatologie des Jahres 2013 mit einem aktuellen Footprint-Modell erarbeitet.
Weiterhin wird die Auswirkung von (Anti-) Zyklonen über den Archipel auf die zeitliche Variabilität der lokalen Grenzschichteigenschaften untersucht und bewertet. Dazu wird ein Zyklonen-Detektions-Algorithmus auf ERA-Interim-Reanalysedatensätze angewendet, wodurch die Häufigkeit von nahezu ideal konzentrischen Hoch- und die Tiefdruckgebieten für drei Jahre bestimmt wird. Aus dieser Verteilung werden insgesamt drei interessante Zeiträume zu verschiedenen Jahreszeiten ausgewählt und im Rahmen von Prozessstudien die lokalen bodennahen meteorologischen Messungen, der turbulente Austausch an der Oberfläche und die Grenzschichtdynamik in der Säule untersucht. Die zeitliche Variabilität der dynamischen Grenzschichtstabilität in der Säule wird anhand von zeitlich hoch aufgelösten vertikalen Profilen der Bulk-Richardson-Zahl aus Kompositprofilen aus Fernerkundungsinstrumenten (Radiometer, Wind-LIDAR) sowie Mastdaten (BSRN-Mast) untersucht und die Grenzschichthöhe ermittelt. Aus diesen Analysen ergibt sich eine deutliche Abhängigkeit der thermischen Stabilität beim Durchzug von Fronten, eine damit einhergehende erhebliche Abhängigkeit der Grenzschichtdynamik und der Grenzschichthöhe sowie des turbulenten Austauschs von der zeitlichen Variabilität der Windgeschwindigkeit in der Säule.
Auf Grundlage der Standortanalysen und Prozessstudien erfolgt ein Vergleich der bodennahen Messungen und den Beobachtungen aus der Säule, sowohl von den genannten Fernerkundungsinstrumenten als auch von In-situ-Messungen (Radiosonden) für den Zeitraum einer Radiosondierungskampagne mit dem nicht-hydrostatischen, regionalen Klimamodel WRF (ARW). Auf Grundlage der Fragestellung, inwieweit aktuelle Schemata die Grenzschichtcharakteristika in orographisch stark gegliedertem Gelände in der Arktis reproduzieren können, werden zwei Grenzschichtparametrisierungsschemata mit verschiedenen Ordnungen der Schließung validiert. Hierzu wird die zeitliche Variabilität der Temperatur, der Feuchte und des Windfeldes in der Säule bis 2000m in den Simulationen mit den Beobachtungsdaten vergleichen. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch Modifikation der Initialwertfelder eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den Simulationen und den Beobachtungen bereits bei einer horizontalen Auflösung von 1km erreicht werden kann und die Wahl des Grenzschichtschemas nur untergeordneten Einfluss hat. Hieraus werden Ansätze der Weiterentwicklung der Parametrisierungen, aber auch Empfehlungen bezüglich der Initialwertfelder, wie der Landmaske und der Orographie, vorgeschlagen.
Schulpraktische Phasen stellen eine bedeutende praxisnahe Lerngelegenheit im Lehramtsstudium dar, da sie Raum für umfangreiche Reflexionen der eigenen Lernerfahrung bieten. Das im Studium erworbene theoretisch-formale Wissen steht hierbei dem praktischen Wissen und Können gegenüber. Mit der professionellen Entwicklung im Referendariat, besonders im Kompetenzbereich des Unterrichtens, kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass sich eine Reflexion über eher fachliche Aspekte unter den Studierenden im Referendariat auf eine Reflexion über eher überfachliche und pädagogische Aspekte weitet. Infolge der Analyse von N = 55 schriftlichen Fremdreflexionen von angehenden Physiklehrkräften aus Studium und Referendariat konnte diese Hypothese für den Bereich der Unterrichtsanalyse und -reflexion unterstützt werden. Weiter wurde aus der Videovignette ein Workshopangebot für Lehrkräfte der zweiten und dritten Phase der Lehrkräftebildung entwickelt, erprobt und evaluiert.
Unstetige Galerkin-Diskretisierung niedriger Ordnung in einem atmosphärischen Multiskalenmodell
(2014)
Die Dynamik der Atmosphäre der Erde umfasst einen Bereich von mikrophysikalischer Turbulenz über konvektive Prozesse und Wolkenbildung bis zu planetaren Wellenmustern. Für Wettervorhersage und zur Betrachtung des Klimas über Jahrzehnte und Jahrhunderte ist diese Gegenstand der Modellierung mit numerischen Verfahren. Mit voranschreitender Entwicklung der Rechentechnik sind Neuentwicklungen der dynamischen Kerne von Klimamodellen, die mit der feiner werdenden Auflösung auch entsprechende Prozesse auflösen können, notwendig. Der dynamische Kern eines Modells besteht in der Umsetzung (Diskretisierung) der grundlegenden dynamischen Gleichungen für die Entwicklung von Masse, Energie und Impuls, so dass sie mit Computern numerisch gelöst werden können. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Eignung eines unstetigen Galerkin-Verfahrens niedriger Ordnung für atmosphärische Anwendungen. Diese Eignung für Gleichungen mit Wirkungen von externen Kräften wie Erdanziehungskraft und Corioliskraft ist aus der Theorie nicht selbstverständlich. Es werden nötige Anpassungen beschrieben, die das Verfahren stabilisieren, ohne sogenannte „slope limiter” einzusetzen. Für das unmodifizierte Verfahren wird belegt, dass es nicht geeignet ist, atmosphärische Gleichgewichte stabil darzustellen. Das entwickelte stabilisierte Modell reproduziert eine Reihe von Standard-Testfällen der atmosphärischen Dynamik mit Euler- und Flachwassergleichungen in einem weiten Bereich von räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen. Die Lösung der thermischen Windgleichung entlang der mit den Isobaren identischen charakteristischen Kurven liefert atmosphärische Gleichgewichtszustände mit durch vorgegebenem Grundstrom einstellbarer Neigung zu(barotropen und baroklinen)Instabilitäten, die für die Entwicklung von Zyklonen wesentlich sind. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Arbeiten sind diese Zustände direkt im z-System(Höhe in Metern)definiert und müssen nicht aus Druckkoordinaten übertragen werden.Mit diesen Zuständen, sowohl als Referenzzustand, von dem lediglich die Abweichungen numerisch betrachtet werden, und insbesondere auch als Startzustand, der einer kleinen Störung unterliegt, werden verschiedene Studien der Simulation von barotroper und barokliner Instabilität durchgeführt. Hervorzuheben ist dabei die durch die Formulierung von Grundströmen mit einstellbarer Baroklinität ermöglichte simulationsgestützte Studie des Grades der baroklinen Instabilität verschiedener Wellenlängen in Abhängigkeit von statischer Stabilität und vertikalem Windgradient als Entsprechung zu Stabilitätskarten aus theoretischen Betrachtungen in der Literatur.
Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology.
Background: Inferring regulatory interactions between genes from transcriptomics time-resolved data, yielding reverse engineered gene regulatory networks, is of paramount importance to systems biology and bioinformatics studies. Accurate methods to address this problem can ultimately provide a deeper insight into the complexity, behavior, and functions of the underlying biological systems. However, the large number of interacting genes coupled with short and often noisy time-resolved read-outs of the system renders the reverse engineering a challenging task. Therefore, the development and assessment of methods which are computationally efficient, robust against noise, applicable to short time series data, and preferably capable of reconstructing the directionality of the regulatory interactions remains a pressing research problem with valuable applications.
Results: Here we perform the largest systematic analysis of a set of similarity measures and scoring schemes within the scope of the relevance network approach which are commonly used for gene regulatory network reconstruction from time series data. In addition, we define and analyze several novel measures and schemes which are particularly suitable for short transcriptomics time series. We also compare the considered 21 measures and 6 scoring schemes according to their ability to correctly reconstruct such networks from short time series data by calculating summary statistics based on the corresponding specificity and sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that rank and symbol based measures have the highest performance in inferring regulatory interactions. In addition, the proposed scoring scheme by asymmetric weighting has shown to be valuable in reducing the number of false positive interactions. On the other hand, Granger causality as well as information-theoretic measures, frequently used in inference of regulatory networks, show low performance on the short time series analyzed in this study.
Conclusions: Our study is intended to serve as a guide for choosing a particular combination of similarity measures and scoring schemes suitable for reconstruction of gene regulatory networks from short time series data. We show that further improvement of algorithms for reverse engineering can be obtained if one considers measures that are rooted in the study of symbolic dynamics or ranks, in contrast to the application of common similarity measures which do not consider the temporal character of the employed data. Moreover, we establish that the asymmetric weighting scoring scheme together with symbol based measures (for low noise level) and rank based measures (for high noise level) are the most suitable choices.
Stochastic models based on random diffusivities, such as the diffusing-diffusivity approach, are popular concepts for the description of non-Gaussian diffusion in heterogeneous media. Studies of these models typically focus on the moments and the displacement probability density function. Here we develop the complementary power spectral description for a broad class of random-diffusivity processes. In our approach we cater for typical single particle tracking data in which a small number of trajectories with finite duration are garnered. Apart from the diffusing-diffusivity model we study a range of previously unconsidered random-diffusivity processes, for which we obtain exact forms of the probability density function. These new processes are different versions of jump processes as well as functionals of Brownian motion. The resulting behaviour subtly depends on the specific model details. Thus, the central part of the probability density function may be Gaussian or non-Gaussian, and the tails may assume Gaussian, exponential, log-normal, or even power-law forms. For all these models we derive analytically the moment-generating function for the single-trajectory power spectral density. We establish the generic 1/f²-scaling of the power spectral density as function of frequency in all cases. Moreover, we establish the probability density for the amplitudes of the random power spectral density of individual trajectories. The latter functions reflect the very specific properties of the different random-diffusivity models considered here. Our exact results are in excellent agreement with extensive numerical simulations.
The passive and active motion of micron-sized tracer particles in crowded liquids and inside living biological cells is ubiquitously characterised by 'viscoelastic' anomalous diffusion, in which the increments of the motion feature long-ranged negative and positive correlations. While viscoelastic anomalous diffusion is typically modelled by a Gaussian process with correlated increments, so-called fractional Gaussian noise, an increasing number of systems are reported, in which viscoelastic anomalous diffusion is paired with non-Gaussian displacement distributions. Following recent advances in Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion we here introduce and discuss several possible versions of random-diffusivity models with long-ranged correlations. While all these models show a crossover from non-Gaussian to Gaussian distributions beyond some correlation time, their mean squared displacements exhibit strikingly different behaviours: depending on the model crossovers from anomalous to normal diffusion are observed, as well as a priori unexpected dependencies of the effective diffusion coefficient on the correlation exponent. Our observations of the non-universality of random-diffusivity viscoelastic anomalous diffusion are important for the analysis of experiments and a better understanding of the physical origins of 'viscoelastic yet non-Gaussian' diffusion.
The near-Earth space environment is a highly complex system comprised of several regions and particle populations hazardous to satellite operations. The trapped particles in the radiation belts and ring current can cause significant damage to satellites during space weather events, due to deep dielectric and surface charging. Closer to Earth is another important region, the ionosphere, which delays the propagation of radio signals and can adversely affect navigation and positioning. In response to fluctuations in solar and geomagnetic activity, both the inner-magnetospheric and ionospheric populations can undergo drastic and sudden changes within minutes to hours, which creates a challenge for predicting their behavior. Given the increasing reliance of our society on satellite technology, improving our understanding and modeling of these populations is a matter of paramount importance.
In recent years, numerous spacecraft have been launched to study the dynamics of particle populations in the near-Earth space, transforming it into a data-rich environment. To extract valuable insights from the abundance of available observations, it is crucial to employ advanced modeling techniques, and machine learning methods are among the most powerful approaches available. This dissertation employs long-term satellite observations to analyze the processes that drive particle dynamics, and builds interdisciplinary links between space physics and machine learning by developing new state-of-the-art models of the inner-magnetospheric and ionospheric particle dynamics.
The first aim of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of electrons in Earth's radiation belts and ring current. Using ~18 years of electron flux observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS), we developed the first machine learning model of hundreds-of-keV electron flux at Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) that is driven solely by solar wind and geomagnetic indices and does not require auxiliary flux measurements as inputs. We then proceeded to analyze the directional distributions of electrons, and for the first time, used Fourier sine series to fit electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in Earth's inner magnetosphere. We performed a superposed epoch analysis of 129 geomagnetic storms during the Van Allen Probes era and demonstrated that electron PADs have a strong energy-dependent response to geomagnetic activity. Additionally, we showed that the solar wind dynamic pressure could be used as a good predictor of the PAD dynamics. Using the observed dependencies, we created the first PAD model with a continuous dependence on L, magnetic local time (MLT) and activity, and developed two techniques to reconstruct near-equatorial electron flux observations from low-PA data using this model.
The second objective of this thesis is to develop a novel model of the topside ionosphere. To achieve this goal, we collected observations from five of the most widely used ionospheric missions and intercalibrated these data sets. This allowed us to use these data jointly for model development, validation, and comparison with other existing empirical models. We demonstrated, for the first time, that ion density observations by Swarm Langmuir Probes exhibit overestimation (up to ~40-50%) at low and mid-latitudes on the night side, and suggested that the influence of light ions could be a potential cause of this overestimation. To develop the topside model, we used 19 years of radio occultation (RO) electron density profiles, which were fitted with a Chapman function with a linear dependence of scale height on altitude. This approximation yields 4 parameters, namely the peak density and height of the F2-layer and the slope and intercept of the linear scale height trend, which were modeled using feedforward neural networks (NNs). The model was extensively validated against both RO and in-situ observations and was found to outperform the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model by up to an order of magnitude. Our analysis showed that the most substantial deviations of the IRI model from the data occur at altitudes of 100-200 km above the F2-layer peak. The developed NN-based ionospheric model reproduces the effects of various physical mechanisms observed in the topside ionosphere and provides highly accurate electron density predictions.
This dissertation provides an extensive study of geospace dynamics, and the main results of this work contribute to the improvement of models of plasma populations in the near-Earth space environment.
The Earth's electron radiation belts exhibit a two-zone structure, with the outer belt being highly dynamic due to the constant competition between a number of physical processes, including acceleration, loss, and transport. The flux of electrons in the outer belt can vary over several orders of magnitude, reaching levels that may disrupt satellite operations. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that drive these variations is of high interest to the scientific community.
In particular, the important role played by loss mechanisms in controlling relativistic electron dynamics has become increasingly clear in recent years. It is now widely accepted that radiation belt electrons can be lost either by precipitation into the atmosphere or by transport across the magnetopause, called magnetopause shadowing. Precipitation of electrons occurs due to pitch-angle scattering by resonant interaction with various types of waves, including whistler mode chorus, plasmaspheric hiss, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. In addition, the compression of the magnetopause due to increases in solar wind dynamic pressure can substantially deplete electrons at high L shells where they find themselves in open drift paths, whereas electrons at low L shells can be lost through outward radial diffusion. Nevertheless, the role played by each physical process during electron flux dropouts still remains a fundamental puzzle.
Differentiation between these processes and quantification of their relative contributions to the evolution of radiation belt electrons requires high-resolution profiles of phase space density (PSD). However, such profiles of PSD are difficult to obtain due to restrictions of spacecraft observations to a single measurement in space and time, which is also compounded by the inaccuracy of instruments. Data assimilation techniques aim to blend incomplete and inaccurate spaceborne data with physics-based models in an optimal way. In the Earth's radiation belts, it is used to reconstruct the entire radial profile of electron PSD, and it has become an increasingly important tool in validating our current understanding of radiation belt dynamics, identifying new physical processes, and predicting the near-Earth hazardous radiation environment.
In this study, sparse measurements from Van Allen Probes A and B and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) 13 and 15 are assimilated into the three-dimensional Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB-3D) diffusion model, by means of a split-operator Kalman filter over a four-year period from 01 October 2012 to 01 October 2016. In comparison to previous works, the 3D model accounts for more physical processes, namely mixed pitch angle-energy diffusion, scattering by EMIC waves, and magnetopause shadowing. It is shown how data assimilation, by means of the innovation vector (the residual between observations and model forecast), can be used to account for missing physics in the model. This method is used to identify the radial distances from the Earth and the geomagnetic conditions where the model is inconsistent with the measured PSD for different values of the adiabatic invariants mu and K. As a result, the Kalman filter adjusts the predictions in order to match the observations, and this is interpreted as evidence of where and when additional source or loss processes are active.
Furthermore, two distinct loss mechanisms responsible for the rapid dropouts of radiation belt electrons are investigated: EMIC wave-induced scattering and magnetopause shadowing. The innovation vector is inspected for values of the invariant mu ranging from 300 to 3000 MeV/G, and a statistical analysis is performed to quantitatively assess the effect of both processes as a function of various geomagnetic indices, solar wind parameters, and radial distance from the Earth. The results of this work are in agreement with previous studies that demonstrated the energy dependence of these two mechanisms. EMIC wave scattering dominates loss at lower L shells and it may amount to between 10%/hr to 30%/hr of the maximum value of PSD over all L shells for fixed first and second adiabatic invariants. On the other hand, magnetopause shadowing is found to deplete electrons across all energies, mostly at higher L shells, resulting in loss from 50%/hr to 70%/hr of the maximum PSD. Nevertheless, during times of enhanced geomagnetic activity, both processes can operate beyond such location and encompass the entire outer radiation belt.
The results of this study are two-fold. Firstly, it demonstrates that the 3D data assimilative code provides a comprehensive picture of the radiation belts and is an important step toward performing reanalysis using observations from current and future missions. Secondly, it achieves a better understanding and provides critical clues of the dominant loss mechanisms responsible for the rapid dropouts of electrons at different locations over the outer radiation belt.
In this thesis we utilize resolved stellar populations to improve our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. In the first part we improve a method for metallicity determination of faint old stellar systems, in the second and third part we analyze the individual history of six nearby disk galaxies outside the Local Group.
A New Calibration of the Color Metallicity Relation of Red Giants for HST data:
It is well known, that the color distribution of stars on the the Red Giant Branch (RGB) can be used to determine metallicities of old stellar populations that have only shallow photometry. Based on the largest sample of globular clusters ever used for such studies, we quantify the relation between metallicity and color in the widely used HST ACS filters F606W and F814W.
We use a sample of globular clusters from the ACS Globular Cluster Survey and measure their RGB color at given absolute magnitudes to derive the color-metallicity relation. We find a clear relation between metallicity and RGB color; we investigate the scatter and the uncertainties in this relation and show its limitations. A comparison with isochrones shows reasonably good agreement with BaSTI models, a small offset to Dartmouth models, and a larger offset to Padua models.
Even for the best globular cluster data available, the metallicity of a simple stellar population can be determined from the RGB alone only with an accuracy of 0.3 dex for [M/H]<-1, and 0.15 dex for [M/H]>-1. For mixed populations, as they are observed in external galaxies, the uncertainties will be even larger due to uncertainties in extinction, age, etc. Therefore caution is necessary when interpreting photometric metallicities.
The Structural History of Nearby Low Mass Disk Galaxies:
We study the individual evolution histories of three nearby, low-mass, edge-on galaxies (IC5052, NGC4244, NGC5023).
Using the color magnitude diagrams of resolved stellar populations, we construct star count density maps for populations of different ages and analyze the change of structural parameters with stellar age within each galaxy.
The three galaxies show low vertical heating rates, which are much lower than the heating rate of the Milky Way. This indicates that heating agents, as giant molecular clouds and spiral structure are weak in low mass galaxies.
We do not detect a separate thick disk in any of the three galaxies, even though our observations cover a larger range in equivalent surface brightness than any integrated light study. While scaleheights increase with age, each population can be well described by a single disk. Only two of the galaxies contain a very weak additional component, which we identify as the faint halo. The mass of these faint halos is less than 1% of the mass of the disk.
All populations in the three galaxies exhibit no or only little flaring. While this finding is consistent with previous integrated light studies, it poses strong constraints on galaxy formation models, because most theoretical simulations often find strong flaring due to interactions or radial migration.
Furthermore, we find breaks in the radial profiles of all three galaxies. The radii of these breaks are independent of age, and the break strength is decreasing with age in two of the galaxies (NGC4244 and NGC5023). This is consistent with break formation models, that combine a star formation cutoff with radial migration. The differing behavior of IC5052 can be explained by a recent interaction or minor merger.
The Structural History of Massive Disk Galaxies:
We extend the structural analysis of stellar populations with distinct ages to three massive galaxies, NGC891, NGC4565 and NGC7814. While confusion effects due to the high stellar number densities in their central region, and the prominent dust lanes inhibit an detailed analysis of the radial profiles, we can study their vertical structure.
These massive galaxies also have a slower heating than the Milky Way, comparable to the low mass galaxies. This can be traced back to their already thick young populations and thick layers of their interstellar medium.
We do not find a clear separate thick disk in any of these three galaxies; all populations can be described by a single disk plus a S\'ersic bulge/halo component. In contrast to the low mass galaxies, we cannot rule out the presence of thick disks in the massive galaxies, because of the strong influence of the halo, that might hide the possible contribution of the thick disk to the vertical star count profiles. However, the faintness of the possible thick disks still points to problems in the earlier ubiquitous findings of thick disks in external galaxies.
In this thesis, the dependencies of charge localization and itinerance in two classes of aromatic molecules are accessed: pyridones and porphyrins. The focus lies on the effects of isomerism, complexation, solvation, and optical excitation, which are concomitant with different crucial biological applications of specific members of these groups of compounds. Several porphyrins play key roles in the metabolism of plants and animals. The nucleobases, which store the genetic information in the DNA and RNA are pyridone derivatives. Additionally, a number of vitamins are based on these two groups of substances.
This thesis aims to answer the question of how the electronic structure of these classes of molecules is modified, enabling the versatile natural functionality. The resulting insights into the effect of constitutional and external factors are expected to facilitate the design of new processes for medicine, light-harvesting, catalysis, and environmental remediation.
The common denominator of pyridones and porphyrins is their aromatic character. As aromaticity was an early-on topic in chemical physics, the overview of relevant theoretical models in this work also mirrors the development of this scientific field in the 20th century. The spectroscopic investigation of these compounds has long been centered on their global, optical transition between frontier orbitals.
The utilization and advancement of X-ray spectroscopic methods characterizing the local electronic structure of molecular samples form the core of this thesis. The element selectivity of the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is employed to probe the unoccupied density of states at the nitrogen site, which is key for the chemical reactivity of pyridones and porphyrins. The results contribute to the growing database of NEXAFS features and their interpretation, e.g., by advancing the debate on the porphyrin N K-edge through systematic experimental and theoretical arguments. Further, a state-of-the-art laser pump – NEXAFS probe scheme is used to characterize the relaxation pathway of a photoexcited porphyrin on the atomic level.
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) provides complementary results by accessing the highest occupied valence levels including symmetry information. It is shown that RIXS is an effective experimental tool to gain detailed information on charge densities of individual species in tautomeric mixtures. Additionally, the hRIXS and METRIXS high-resolution RIXS spectrometers, which have been in part commissioned in the course of this thesis, will gain access to the ultra-fast and thermal chemistry of pyridones, porphyrins, and many other compounds.
With respect to both classes of bio-inspired aromatic molecules, this thesis establishes that even though pyridones and porphyrins differ largely by their optical absorption bands and hydrogen bonding abilities, they all share a global stabilization of local constitutional changes and relevant external perturbation. It is because of this wide-ranging response that pyridones and porphyrins can be applied in a manifold of biological and technical processes.
It is quite generally assumed that the overdamped Langevin equation provides a quantitative description of the dynamics of a classical Brownian particle in the long time limit. We establish and investigate a paradigm anomalous diffusion process governed by an underdamped Langevin equation with an explicit time dependence of the system temperature and thus the diffusion and damping coefficients. We show that for this underdamped scaled Brownian motion (UDSBM) the overdamped limit fails to describe the long time behaviour of the system and may practically even not exist at all for a certain range of the parameter values. Thus persistent inertial effects play a non-negligible role even at significantly long times. From this study a general questions on the applicability of the overdamped limit to describe the long time motion of an anomalously diffusing particle arises, with profound consequences for the relevance of overdamped anomalous diffusion models. We elucidate our results in view of analytical and simulations results for the anomalous diffusion of particles in free cooling granular gases.
Scientific inquiry requires that we formulate not only what we know, but also what we do not know and by how much. In climate data analysis, this involves an accurate specification of measured quantities and a consequent analysis that consciously propagates the measurement errors at each step. The dissertation presents a thorough analytical method to quantify errors of measurement inherent in paleoclimate data. An additional focus are the uncertainties in assessing the coupling between different factors that influence the global mean temperature (GMT).
Paleoclimate studies critically rely on `proxy variables' that record climatic signals in natural archives. However, such proxy records inherently involve uncertainties in determining the age of the signal. We present a generic Bayesian approach to analytically determine the proxy record along with its associated uncertainty, resulting in a time-ordered sequence of correlated probability distributions rather than a precise time series. We further develop a recurrence based method to detect dynamical events from the proxy probability distributions. The methods are validated with synthetic examples and
demonstrated with real-world proxy records. The proxy estimation step reveals the interrelations between proxy variability and uncertainty. The recurrence analysis of the East Asian Summer Monsoon during the last 9000 years confirms the well-known `dry' events at 8200 and 4400 BP, plus an additional significantly dry event at 6900 BP.
We also analyze the network of dependencies surrounding GMT. We find an intricate, directed network with multiple links between the different factors at multiple time delays. We further uncover a significant feedback from the GMT to the El Niño Southern Oscillation at quasi-biennial timescales. The analysis highlights the need of a more nuanced formulation of influences between different climatic factors, as well as the limitations in trying to estimate such dependencies.
We define and study in detail utraslow scaled Brownian motion (USBM) characterized by a time dependent diffusion coefficient of the form . For unconfined motion the mean squared displacement (MSD) of USBM exhibits an ultraslow, logarithmic growth as function of time, in contrast to the conventional scaled Brownian motion. In a harmonic potential the MSD of USBM does not saturate but asymptotically decays inverse-proportionally to time, reflecting the highly non-stationary character of the process. We show that the process is weakly non-ergodic in the sense that the time averaged MSD does not converge to the regular MSD even at long times, and for unconfined motion combines a linear lag time dependence with a logarithmic term. The weakly non-ergodic behaviour is quantified in terms of the ergodicity breaking parameter. The USBM process is also shown to be ageing: observables of the system depend on the time gap between initiation of the test particle and start of the measurement of its motion. Our analytical results are shown to agree excellently with extensive computer simulations.