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Design thinking is a well-established practical and educational approach to fostering high-level creativity and innovation, which has been refined since the 1950s with the participation of experts like Joy Paul Guilford and Abraham Maslow. Through real-world projects, trainees learn to optimize their creative outcomes by developing and practicing creative cognition and metacognition. This paper provides a holistic perspective on creativity, enabling the formulation of a comprehensive theoretical framework of creative metacognition. It focuses on the design thinking approach to creativity and explores the role of metacognition in four areas of creativity expertise: Products, Processes, People, and Places. The analysis includes task-outcome relationships (product metacognition), the monitoring of strategy effectiveness (process metacognition), an understanding of individual or group strengths and weaknesses (people metacognition), and an examination of the mutual impact between environments and creativity (place metacognition). It also reviews measures taken in design thinking education, including a distribution of cognition and metacognition, to support students in their development of creative mastery. On these grounds, we propose extended methods for measuring creative metacognition with the goal of enhancing comprehensive assessments of the phenomenon. Proposed methodological advancements include accuracy sub-scales, experimental tasks where examinees explore problem and solution spaces, combinations of naturalistic observations with capability testing, as well as physiological assessments as indirect measures of creative metacognition.
Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative problem solving approach, combining a rich yet simple modeling language with high-performance solving capabilities. Although this has already resulted in various applications, certain aspects of such applications are more naturally modeled using variables over finite domains, for accounting for resources, fine timings, coordinates, or functions. Our goal is thus to extend ASP with constraints over integers while preserving its declarative nature. This allows for fast prototyping and elaboration tolerant problem descriptions of resource related applications. The resulting paradigm is called Constraint Answer Set Programming (CASP).
We present three different approaches for solving CASP problems. The first one, a lazy, modular approach combines an ASP solver with an external system for handling constraints. This approach has the advantage that two state of the art technologies work hand in hand to solve the problem, each concentrating on its part of the problem. The drawback is that inter-constraint dependencies cannot be communicated back to the ASP solver, impeding its learning algorithm. The second approach translates all constraints to ASP. Using the appropriate encoding techniques, this results in a very fast, monolithic system. Unfortunately, due to the large, explicit representation of constraints and variables, translation techniques are restricted to small and mid-sized domains. The third approach merges the lazy and the translational approach, combining the strength of both while removing their weaknesses. To this end, we enhance the dedicated learning techniques of an ASP solver with the inferences of the translating approach in a lazy way. That is, the important knowledge is only made explicit when needed.
By using state of the art techniques from neighboring fields, we provide ways to tackle real world, industrial size problems. By extending CASP to reactive solving, we open up new application areas such as online planning with continuous domains and durations.
Die E-Learning-Strategie beschreibt zunächst das Selbstverständnis, was unter E-Learning verstanden werden soll, die aktuelle Situation an der Universität Potsdam und Eckpunkte von strategischen Ansätzen für E-Learning-Entwicklung. Die Universität Potsdam versteht sich demnach als eine Hochschule im digitalen Zeitalter, die den umfassenden Einsatz von E-Learning als gelebte Lehr-/Lernkultur für alle Studierenden, Lehrenden und Mitarbeiter(innen) verwirklichen will. Ausgehend von dem relativ hohen Niveau, dass die E-Learning-Aktivitäten bereits aufweisen, wird der Schwerpunkt der kommenden Jahre in der Verstetigung, Vernetzung und Bündelung der Aktivitäten gesehen. Auf Basis dieser Vorüberlegungen werden mögliche Handlungsfelder und Maßnahmen für die E-Learning Entwicklung der nächsten Jahre an der Universität Potsdam vorgeschlagen. Die Handlungsfelder lauten: "Austausch und Vernetzung", "Content", "Innovation und Verstetigung", "Medienkompetenz", "Organisationsstrukturen", "Qualitätsentwicklung" und "UP und die Welt". Die Priorisierung und Umsetzung der Maßnahmen wird durch eine Steuerungsgruppe initiiert und begleitet. Die Strategie wurde auf der 247. Sitzung des Senats der Universität Potsdam am 25.01.2017 beschlossen.