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Aus dem Inhalt dieser Ausgabe: BEITRAG: Brigitte Rath: Zur Repräsentation von Gewalt MUSEEN: Gerhard Bauer: Das Militärwesen der frühen Neuzeit und seine Darstellung in der Dauerausstellung des Militärhistorischen Museums der Bundeswehr in Dresden Gerhard Quaas: Militaria-Sammlung 1: Alte Waffen und Rüstungen Manfried Rauchensteiner: Das Heeresgeschichtliche Museum als Gedächtnisort Christoph Rehm: Das Wehrgeschichtliche Museum Rastatt PROJEKTE: Uwe Tresp: Söldner aus Böhmen. Entstehung und Organisation böhmischer Södnerheere im Dienst deutscher Fürsten des 15. Jahrhunderts Matthias Franz: Die Rekrutierung der sächsischen Regimenter in der Niederlausitz 1726-1781 Olaf Gründel: Zum Verhältnis von Militär- und Zivilbevölkerung in brandenburgischen Städten des 18. Jahrhunderts. Das Beispiel Prenzlau Stephan Huck: Soldaten in Amerika. Sozialgeschichtliche Studie Braunschweiger Truppen im amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg Marc Schweska: Figuren der Vorstellung. Problematisierung von Macht und Moral in der Frühen Neuzeit Alexander Schunka: Fremde in Sachsen - ein Teilprojekt des Sonderforschungsbereichs "Pluralisierung und Autorität in der Frühen Neuzeit" Olaf Simons: Pierre Marteau's Verlagshaus sucht Kooperationspartner, Beiträge, Ideen für eine Web-Site zum Thema Europas Kriege 1670-1730 REZENSIONEN: Ulrike Ludwig: Rezensionen im Bulletin Militär und Gesellschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit Thomas Fuchs: Militär und ländliche Gesellschaft in der frühen Neuzeit, hrsg. von Stefan Kroll und Kersten Krüger, Hamburg 2000 Daniel Krebs: Stephan Brumwell, Redcoats. The British Soldier and War in the Americas, 1755-1763, Cambridge 2002 Heiner Lang: Claudia Brink, Arte et Marte, München 2000
Tula virus (TULV) is a vole-associated hantavirus with low or no pathogenicity to humans. In the present study, 686 common voles (Microtus arvalis), 249 field voles (Microtus agrestis) and 30 water voles (Arvicola spec.) were collected at 79 sites in Germany, Luxembourg and France and screened by RT-PCR and TULV-IgG ELISA. TULV-specific RNA and/or antibodies were detected at 43 of the sites, demonstrating a geographically widespread distribution of the virus in the studied area. The TULV prevalence in common voles (16.7 %) was higher than that in field voles (9.2 %) and water voles (10.0 %). Time series data at ten trapping sites showed evidence of a lasting presence of TULV RNA within common vole populations for up to 34 months, although usually at low prevalence. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a strong genetic structuring of TULV sequences according to geography and independent of the rodent species, confirming the common vole as the preferential host, with spillover infections to co-occurring field and water voles. TULV phylogenetic clades showed a general association with evolutionary lineages in the common vole as assessed by mitochondrial DNA sequences on a large geographical scale, but with local-scale discrepancies in the contact areas.
Cystic fibrosis patients and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, trauma, burn wound, or patients requiring ventilation are susceptible to severe pulmonary infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Physiological innate defense mechanisms against this pathogen, and their alterations in lung diseases, are for the most part unknown. We now demonstrate a role for the sphingoid long chain base, sphingosine, in determining susceptibility to lung infection by P.aeruginosa. Tracheal and bronchial sphingosine levels were significantly reduced in tissues from cystic fibrosis patients and from cystic fibrosis mouse models due to reduced activity of acid ceramidase, which generates sphingosine from ceramide. Inhalation of mice with sphingosine, with a sphingosine analog, FTY720, or with acid ceramidase rescued susceptible mice from infection. Our data suggest that luminal sphingosine in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells prevents pulmonary P.aeruginosa infection in normal individuals, paving the way for novel therapeutic paradigms based on inhalation of acid ceramidase or of sphingoid long chain bases in lung infection.