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Mit Mitra und Statuten
(2018)
Der Autor beschreibt in einer Verbindung von kirchen- und landesgeschichtlichen Forschungsansätzen, wie die Bischöfe von Brandenburg von der Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts bis zur Reformation durch liturgisch-pontifikale Handlungen und diözesane Gesetzgebung einen eigenen Handlungsspielraum gegenüber den weltlichen Landesherren behaupten konnten. Die Arbeit setzt dabei drei Schwerpunkte: Eine Fallstudie zeigt eingangs am Beispiel der geistlichen Institutionen der Stadt Zerbst die Praxis pontifikaler Handlungsmöglichkeiten auf. Die Diözesanstatuten des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts spiegeln bischöfliches Handeln dagegen im Licht normativer Quellen; eine Betrachtung der bischöflichen Stellvertreter – Weihbischöfe, Generalvikare, Offiziale, Archidiakone und Pröpste – schließlich verbindet kirchen-, sozial- und verwaltungsgeschichtliche Aspekte pontifikaler Tätigkeitsfelder. Die vom Historischen Institut der Universität Potsdam mit dem Dr. Elisabeth Hamacher-Stiftungspreis ausgezeichnete Dissertation hebt somit anders als in der bisherigen Forschung die Bedeutung der Bischöfe in der brandenburgischen Landesgeschichte neu hervor.
In general, a moderate drying trend is observed in mid-latitude arid Central Asia since the Mid-Holocene, attributed to the progressively weakening influence of the mid-latitude Westerlies on regional climate. However, as the spatio-temporal pattern of this development and the underlying climatic mechanisms are yet not fully understood, new high-resolution paleoclimate records from this region are needed. Within this study, a sediment core from Lake Son Kol (Central Kyrgyzstan) was investigated using sedimentological, (bio) geochemical, isotopic, and palynological analyses, aiming at reconstructing regional climate development during the last 6000 years. Biogeochemical data, mainly reflecting summer moisture conditions, indicate predominantly wet conditions until 4950 cal. yr BP, succeeded by a pronounced dry interval between 4950 and 3900 cal. yr BP. In the following, a return to wet conditions and a subsequent moderate drying trend until present times are observed. This is consistent with other regional paleoclimate records and likely reflects the gradual Late Holocene diminishment of the amount of summer moisture provided by the mid-latitude Westerlies. However, climate impact of the Westerlies was apparently not only restricted to the summer season but also significant during winter as indicated by recurrent episodes of enhanced allochthonous input through snowmelt, occurring before 6000 cal. yr BP and at 5100-4350, 3450-2850, and 1900-1500 cal. yr BP. The distinct similar to 1500year periodicity of these episodes of increased winter precipitation in Central Kyrgyzstan resembles similar cyclicities observed in paleoclimate records around the North Atlantic, likely indicating a hemispheric-scale climatic teleconnection and an impact of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability in Central Asia.
Bioconversion of waste animal fat (WAF) to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is an approach to lower the production costs of these plastic alternatives. However, the solid nature of WAF requires a tailor-made process development. In this study, a double-jacket feeding system was built to thermally liquefy the WAF to employ a continuous feeding strategy. During laboratory-scale cultivations with Ralstonia eutropha Re2058/pCB113, 70% more PHA (45 g(PHA) L-1) and a 75% higher space-time yield (0.63 g(PHA) L-1 h(-1)) were achieved compared to previously reported fermentations with solid WAF. During the development process, growth and PHA formation were monitored in real-time by in-line photon density wave spectroscopy. The process robustness was further evaluated during scale-down fermentations employing an oscillating aeration, which did not alter the PHA yield although cells encountered periods of oxygen limitation. Flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining showed that more than two-thirds of the cells were viable at the end of the cultivation and viability was even little higher in the scale-down cultivations. Application of this feeding system at 150-L pilot-scale cultivation yielded in 31.5 g(PHA) L-1, which is a promising result for the further scale-up to industrial scale.
We investigated inflow of a wastewater treatment plant and sediment of an urban lake for the presence of Clostridioides difficile by cultivation and PCR. Among seven colonies we sequenced the complete genomes of three: two non-toxigenic isolates from wastewater and one toxigenic isolate from the urban lake. For all obtained isolates, a close genomic relationship with human-derived isolates was observed. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.