Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (33)
Year of publication
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (33)
Keywords
- techniques: imaging spectroscopy (6)
- Raman imaging (2)
- acceleration of particles (2)
- atmospheric effects (2)
- gamma rays: general (2)
- globular clusters: general (2)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 6397 (2)
- instrumentation: miscellaneous (2)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (2)
- stars: kinematics and dynamics (2)
- techniques: radial velocities (2)
- AFM (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 501) (1)
- Comprehensibility (1)
- GISAXS (1)
- H II regions (1)
- Health literacy (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- ISM: individual objects (RX J1713.7-3946) (1)
- ISM: structure (1)
- ISM: supernova remnants (1)
- Internet (1)
- LCST behavior (1)
- Near infrared (1)
- OH suppression (1)
- Patient information (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Readability (1)
- Thermoresponsive (1)
- Thin film (1)
- astronomy (1)
- astronomy spectrograph (1)
- astrophotonics (1)
- binaries: general (1)
- black hole physics (1)
- blue stragglers (1)
- cancer diagnosis (1)
- cataclysmic variables (1)
- catalogs (1)
- dermis (1)
- epidermis (1)
- fibre Bragg gratings (1)
- galaxies: ISM (1)
- galaxies: active (1)
- galaxies: individual: NGC 4038, NGC 4039 (1)
- galaxies: interactions (1)
- gamma rays: ISM (1)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 3201 (1)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 6656 (1)
- hydrology (1)
- infrared: diffuse background (1)
- infrared: general (1)
- lakes (1)
- methods: data analysis (1)
- methods: statistical (1)
- multichannel (1)
- multichannel Raman spectroscopy (1)
- novae (1)
- novae, cataclysmic variables (1)
- optical fiber bundle (1)
- permafrost (1)
- planets and satellites: fundamental parameters (1)
- ponds (1)
- pulsars: general (1)
- size distribution (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- stars: atmospheres (1)
- stars: black holes (1)
- stars: emission-line, Be (1)
- statistical moments (1)
- techniques: image processing (1)
- thermokarst (1)
- waterbodies (1)
Suppression of the near-infrared OH night-sky lines with fibre Bragg gratings - first results
(2012)
The background noise between 1 and 1.8 ?mu m in ground-based instruments is dominated by atmospheric emission from hydroxyl molecules. We have built and commissioned a new instrument, the Gemini Near-infrared OH Suppression Integral Field Unit (IFU) System (GNOSIS), which suppresses 103 OH doublets between 1.47 and 1.7?mu m by a factor of 1000 with a resolving power of 10?000. We present the first results from the commissioning of GNOSIS using the IRIS2 spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We present measurements of sensitivity, background and throughput. The combined throughput of the GNOSIS fore-optics, grating unit and relay optics is 36?per cent, but this could be improved to 46?per cent with a more optimal design. We measure strong suppression of the OH lines, confirming that OH suppression with fibre Bragg gratings will be a powerful technology for low-resolution spectroscopy. The integrated OH suppressed background between 1.5 and 1.7 mu m is reduced by a factor of 9 compared to a control spectrum using the same system without suppression. The potential of low-resolution OH-suppressed spectroscopy is illustrated with example observations of Seyfert galaxies and a low-mass star. The GNOSIS background is dominated by detector dark current below 1.67 mu m and by thermal emission above 1.67 mu m. After subtracting these, we detect an unidentified residual interline component of 860 +/- 210 photons s-1 m-2?arcsec-2?mu m-1, comparable to previous measurements. This component is equally bright in the suppressed and control spectra. We have investigated the possible source of the interline component, but were unable to discriminate between a possible instrumental artefact and intrinsic atmospheric emission. Resolving the source of this emission is crucial for the design of fully optimized OH suppression spectrographs. The next-generation OH suppression spectrograph will be focused on resolving the source of the interline component, taking advantage of better optimization for a fibre Bragg grating feed incorporating refinements of design based on our findings from GNOSIS. We quantify the necessary improvements for an optimal OH suppressing fibre spectrograph design.
Swelling and switching kinetics of gold coated end-capped poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) thin films
(2010)
Thin thermoresponsive hydrogel films of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) end-capped with n-butyltrithiocarbonate(nbc- PNIPAM) oil si I icon supports with a gold layer on top, causing an asymmetric confinement, are investigated. For two different gold layer thicknesses (nominally 0.4 and 5 rim), the swelling and switching kinetics are probed with in situ neutron reflectivity. With a temperature jump from 23 to 40 degrees C the film is switched from a swollen into a collapsed state. For the thin gold layer this switching is faster as compared to the thick gold layer. The switching is a two-step process of water release and a subsequent structural relaxation. fit swelling and deswelling cycles, aging of the films is probed. After five cycles, the film exhibits enhanced water storage capacity. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) shows that these gold coated nbc-PNIPAM films do not age with respect to the inner structure but slightly roughen at the gold surface. As revealed by atomic force microscopy, the morphology of the gold layer is changed by the water uptake and release.
Besides their function as one of the main contact points, websites of hospitals serve as medical information portals. All patients should be able to understand medical information texts; regardless of their literacy skills and educational level. Online texts should thus have an appropriate structure to ease their comprehension.
Patient information texts on every German nonuniversity ENT hospital website (n = 125) were systematically analysed. For ten different ENT topics a representative medical information text was extracted from each website. Using objective text parameters and five established readability indices, the texts were analysed in terms of their readability and structure. Furthermore, we stratified the analysis in relation to the hospital organisation system and geographical region in Germany.
Texts from 142 internet sites could be used for the definite analysis. On average, texts consisted of 15 sentences and 237 words. Readability indices congruously showed that the analysed texts could generally only be understood by a well-educated or even academic reader.
The majority of patient information texts on German hospital websites are difficult to understand for most patients. In order to fulfil their goal of adequately informing the general population about disease, therapeutic options and the particular focal points of the clinic, a revision of most medical texts on the websites of German ENT hospitals is recommended.