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Language
- English (18)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (18)
Keywords
- galaxies: active (3)
- galaxies: nuclei (3)
- gamma rays: galaxies (3)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (2)
- astroparticle physics (2)
- galaxies: jets (2)
- Air showers (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (B2 1215+30, VER J1217+301) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (BL Lacertae = VER J2202+422) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (HESS J1943+213, VER J1943+213) (1)
Introducing the CTA concept
(2013)
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J. ; Lerch, T. ; Lessio, L. ; Lieunard, B. ; Lindfors, E. ; Liolios, A. ; Lipniacka, A. ; Lockart, H. ; Lohse, T. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopatin, A. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lorca, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Lubinski, P. ; Lucarelli, F. ; Luedecke, H. ; Ludwin, J. ; Luque-Escamilla, P. L. ; Lustermann, W. ; Luz, O. ; Lyard, E. ; Maccarone, M. C. ; Maccarone, T. J. ; Madejski, G. M. ; Madhavan, A. ; Mahabir, M. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; Malaguti, G. ; Maltezos, S. ; Manalaysay, A. ; Mancilla, A. ; Mandat, D. ; Maneva, G. ; Mangano, A. ; Manigot, P. ; Mannheim, K. ; Manthos, I. ; Maragos, N. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Mariotti, M. ; Marisaldi, M. ; Markoff, S. ; Marszalek, A. ; Martens, C. ; Marti, J. ; Martin, J-M. ; Martin, P. ; Martinez, G. ; Martinez, F. ; Martinez, M. ; Masserot, A. ; Mastichiadis, A. ; Mathieu, A. ; Matsumoto, H. ; Mattana, F. ; Mattiazzo, S. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxfield, S. ; Maya, J. ; Mazin, D. ; Mc Comb, L. ; McCubbin, N. ; McHardy, I. ; McKay, R. ; Medina, C. ; Melioli, C. ; Melkumyan, D. ; Mereghetti, S. ; Mertsch, P. ; Meucci, M. ; Michalowski, J. ; Micolon, P. ; Mihailidis, A. ; Mineo, T. ; Minuti, M. ; Mirabal, N. ; Mirabel, F. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moal, B. ; Moderski, R. ; Mognet, I. ; Molinari, E. ; Molinaro, M. ; Montaruli, T. ; Monteiro, I. ; Moore, P. ; Moralejo Olaizola, A. ; Mordalska, M. ; Morello, C. ; Mori, K. ; Mottez, F. ; Moudden, Y. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Mrusek, I. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Munar-Adrover, P. ; Muraishi, H. ; Murase, K. ; Murphy, A. ; Nagataki, S. ; Naito, T. ; Nakajima, D. ; Nakamori, T. ; Nakayama, K. ; Naumann, C. L. ; Naumann, D. ; Naumann-Godo, M. ; Nayman, P. ; Nedbal, D. ; Neise, D. ; Nellen, L. ; Neustroev, V. ; Neyroud, N. ; Nicastro, L. ; Nicolau-Kuklinski, J. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Niemiec, J. ; Nieto, D. ; Nikolaidis, A. ; Nishijima, K. ; Nolan, S. ; Northrop, R. ; Nosek, D. ; Nowak, N. ; Nozato, A. ; O'Brien, P. ; Ohira, Y. ; Ohishi, M. ; Ohm, S. ; Ohoka, H. ; Okuda, T. ; Okumura, A. ; Olive, J. -F. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orito, R. ; Orr, M. ; Osborne, J. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Otero, L. A. ; Otte, N. ; Ovcharov, E. ; Oya, I. ; Ozieblo, A. ; Padilla, L. ; Paiano, S. ; Paillot, D. ; Paizis, A. ; Palanque, S. ; Palatka, M. ; Pallota, J. ; Panagiotidis, K. ; Panazol, J. -L. ; Paneque, D. ; Panter, M. ; Paoletti, R. ; Papayannis, Alexandros ; Papyan, G. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pareschi, G. ; Parks, G. ; Parraud, J. -M. ; Parsons, D. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pech, M. ; Pedaletti, G. ; Pelassa, V. ; Pelat, D. ; Perez, M. D. C. ; Persic, M. ; Petrucci, P-O ; Peyaud, B. ; Pichel, A. ; Pita, S. ; Pizzolato, F. ; Platos, L. ; Platzer, R. ; Pogosyan, L. ; Pohl, M. ; Pojmanski, G. ; Ponz, J. D. ; Potter, W. ; Poutanen, J. ; Prandini, E. ; Prast, J. ; Preece, R. ; Profeti, F. ; Prokoph, H. ; Prouza, M. ; Proyetti, M. ; Puerto-Gimenez, I. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Puljak, I. ; Punch, M. ; Pyziol, R. ; Quel, E. J. ; Quinn, J. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Racero, E. ; Rajda, P. J. ; Ramon, P. ; Rando, R. ; Rannot, R. C. ; Rataj, M. ; Raue, M. ; Reardon, P. ; Reimann, O. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Reitberger, K. ; Renaud, M. ; Renner, S. ; Reville, B. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Ribordy, M. ; Richer, M. G. ; Rico, J. ; Ridky, J. ; Rieger, F. ; Ringegni, P. ; Ripken, J. ; Ristori, P. R. ; Riviere, A. ; Rivoire, S. ; Rob, L. ; Roeser, U. ; Rohlfs, R. ; Rojas, G. ; Romano, Patrizia ; Romaszkan, W. ; Romero, G. E. ; Rosen, S. ; Lees, S. Rosier ; Ross, D. ; Rouaix, G. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rousselle, S. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Roy, F. ; Royer, S. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. ; Rupinski, M. ; Russo, F. ; Ryde, F. ; Sacco, B. ; Saemann, E. O. ; Saggion, A. ; Safiakian, V. ; Saito, K. ; Saito, T. ; Saito, Y. ; Sakaki, N. ; Sakonaka, R. ; Salini, A. ; Sanchez, F. ; Sanchez-Conde, M. ; Sandoval, A. ; Sandaker, H. ; Sant'Ambrogio, E. ; Santangelo, A. ; Santos, E. M. ; Sanuy, A. ; Sapozhnikov, L. ; Sarkar, S. ; Sartore, N. ; Sasaki, H. ; Satalecka, K. ; Sawada, M. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Scarcioffolo, M. ; Schafer, J. ; Schanz, T. ; Schlenstedt, S. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schmidt, T. ; Schmoll, J. ; Schovanek, P. ; Schroedter, M. ; Schultz, C. ; Schultze, J. ; Schulz, A. ; Schure, K. ; Schwab, T. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwarz, J. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schweizer, T. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Segreto, A. ; Seiradakis, J. -H. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Seweryn, K. ; Sharma, M. ; Shayduk, M. ; Shellard, R. C. ; Shi, J. ; Shibata, T. ; Shibuya, A. ; Shum, E. ; Sidoli, L. ; Sidz, M. ; Sieiro, J. ; Sikora, M. ; Silk, J. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Singh, B. B. ; Sitarek, J. ; Skole, C. ; Smareglia, R. ; Smith, A. ; Smith, D. ; Smith, J. ; Smith, N. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Sol, H. ; Sottile, G. ; Sowinski, M. ; Spanier, F. ; Spiga, D. ; Spyrou, S. ; Stamatescu, V. ; Stamerra, A. ; Starling, R. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Steiner, S. ; Stergioulas, N. ; Sternberger, R. ; Sterzel, M. ; Stinzing, F. ; Stodulski, M. ; Straumann, U. ; Strazzeri, E. ; Stringhetti, L. ; Suarez, A. ; Suchenek, M. ; Sugawara, R. ; Sulanke, K. -H. ; Sun, S. ; Supanitsky, A. D. ; Suric, T. ; Sutcliffe, P. ; Sykes, J. ; Szanecki, M. ; Szepieniec, T. ; Szostek, A. ; Tagliaferri, G. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, H. ; Takahashi, K. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Talbot, C. ; Tammi, J. ; Tanaka, M. ; Tanaka, S. ; Tasan, J. ; Tavani, M. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tejedor, L. A. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Temnikov, P. ; Tenzer, C. ; Terada, Y. ; Terrier, R. ; Teshima, M. ; Testa, V. ; Tezier, D. ; Thuermann, D. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tibolla, O. ; Tiengo, A. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Todero Peixoto, C. J. ; Tokanai, F. ; Tokarz, M. ; Toma, K. ; Torii, K. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Torres, D. F. ; Torres, M. ; Tosti, G. ; Totani, T. ; Toussenel, C. ; Tovmassian, G. ; Travnicek, P. ; Trifoglio, M. ; Troyano, I. ; Tsinganos, K. ; Ueno, H. ; Umehara, K. ; Upadhya, S. S. ; Usher, T. ; Uslenghi, M. ; Valdes-Galicia, J. F. ; Vallania, P. ; Vallejo, G. ; van Driel, W. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vandenbrouke, J. ; Vanderwalt, J. ; Vankov, H. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Vassiliev, V. ; Veberic, D. ; Vegas, I. ; Vercellone, S. ; Vergani, S. ; Veyssiere, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Viana, A. ; Videla, M. ; Vincent, P. ; Vincent, S. ; Vink, J. ; Vlahakis, N. ; Vlahos, L. ; Vogler, P. ; Vollhardt, A. ; von Gunten, H. P. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Vuerli, C. ; Waegebaert, V. ; Wagner, R. ; Wagner, R. G. ; Wagner, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Walter, R. ; Walther, T. ; Warda, K. ; Warwick, R. ; Wawer, P. ; Wawrzaszek, R. ; Webb, N. ; Wegner, P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weitzel, Q. ; Welsing, R. ; Werner, M. ; Wetteskind, H. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wiesand, S. ; Wilkinson, M. ; Williams, D. A. ; Willingale, R. ; Winiarski, K. ; Wischnewski, R. ; Wisniewski, L. ; Wood, M. ; Woernlein, A. ; Xiong, Q. ; Yadav, K. K. ; Yamamoto, H. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Yamazaki, R. ; Yanagita, S. ; Yebras, J. M. ; Yelos, D. ; Yoshida, A. ; Yoshida, T. ; Yoshikoshi, T. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zanin, R. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zhao, A. ; Zhou, X. ; Zietara, K. ; Ziolkowski, J. ; Ziolkowski, P. ; Zitelli, V. ; Zurbach, C. ; Zychowski, P.
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project.
The 2010 very high energy gamma-ray flare and 10 years ofmulti-wavelength oservations of M 87
(2012)
Abramowski, Attila ; Acero, F. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Anton, Gisela ; Balzer, Arnim ; Barnacka, Anna ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Becherini, Yvonne ; Becker, J. ; Behera, B. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Birsin, E. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bochow, A. ; Boisson, Catherine ; Bolmont, J. ; Bordas, Pol ; Brucker, J. ; Brun, Francois ; Brun, Pierre ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Buesching, I. ; Carrigan, Svenja ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Cerruti, M. ; Chadwick, Paula M. ; Charbonnier, A. ; Chaves, Ryan C. G. ; Cheesebrough, A. ; Clapson, A. C. ; Coignet, G. ; Cologna, Gabriele ; Conrad, Jan ; Dalton, M. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Davids, I. D. ; Degrange, B. ; Deil, C. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Drury, L. O'C. ; Dubus, G. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Espigat, P. ; Fallon, L. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, S. ; Feinstein, F. ; Fernandes, M. V. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Foerster, A. ; Fuessling, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Gast, H. ; Gerard, L. ; Gerbig, D. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Glueck, B. ; Goret, P. ; Goering, D. ; Haeffner, S. ; Hague, J. D. ; Hampf, D. ; Hauser, M. ; Heinz, S. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hinton, James Anthony ; Hoffmann, A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hofverberg, P. ; Holler, M. ; Horns, D. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; de Jager, O. C. ; Jahn, C. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Jung, I. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Katz, U. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Keogh, D. ; Khangulyan, D. ; Khelifi, B. ; Klochkov, D. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Kneiske, T. ; Komin, Nu. ; Kosack, K. ; Kossakowski, R. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lennarz, D. ; Lohse, T. ; Lopatin, A. ; Lu, C. -C. ; Marandon, V. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Masbou, J. ; Maurin, D. ; Maxted, N. ; Mayer, M. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; Medina, M. C. ; Mehault, J. ; Moderski, R. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Naumann, C. L. ; Naumann-Godo, M. ; de Naurois, M. ; Nedbal, D. ; Nekrassov, D. ; Nguyen, N. ; Nicholas, B. ; Niemiec, J. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Ohm, S. ; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona ; Opitz, B. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Panter, M. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pedaletti, G. ; Pelletier, G. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Pita, S. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raue, M. ; Rayner, S. M. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; de los Reyes, R. ; Rieger, F. ; Ripken, J. ; Rob, L. ; Rosier-Lees, S. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Ruppel, J. ; Sahakian, V. ; Sanchez, David M. ; Santangelo, A. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schoeck, F. M. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Sheidaei, F. ; Skilton, J. L. ; Sol, H. ; Spengler, G. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stinzing, F. ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, Iurii ; Szostek, A. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Terrier, R. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Valerius, K. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Venter, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Viana, A. ; Vincent, P. ; Voelk, H. J. ; Volpe, F. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Vorster, M. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Ward, M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zechlin, H. -S. ; Aleksic, J. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Backes, Michael ; Barrio, J. A. ; Bastieri, D. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Berdyugin, A. ; Berger, K. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bock, R. K. ; Boller, A. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Tridon, D. Borla ; Braun, I. ; Bretz, T. ; Canellas, A. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Cossio, L. ; Covino, S. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Cea del Pozo, E. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Diago Ortega, A. ; Doert, M. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Ferenc, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Garrido, D. ; Giavitto, G. ; Godinovic, N. ; Hadasch, D. ; Haefner, D. ; Herrero, A. ; Hildebrand, D. ; Hoehne-Moench, D. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Huber, B. ; Jogler, T. ; Klepser, S. ; Kraehenbuehl, T. ; Krause, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Leonardo, E. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopez, M. ; Lorenz, E. ; Makariev, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Mankuzhiyil, N. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Meucci, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Miyamoto, H. ; Moldon, J. ; Moralejo, A. ; Munar, P. ; Nieto, D. ; Nilsson, K. ; Orito, R. ; Oya, I. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Pardo, S. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Partini, S. ; Pasanen, M. ; Pauss, F. ; Perez-Torres, M. A. ; Persic, M. ; Peruzzo, L. ; Pilia, M. ; Pochon, J. ; Prada, F. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Reichardt, I. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Ruegamer, S. ; Saggion, A. ; Saito, K. ; Saito, T. Y. ; Salvati, M. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Schultz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shayduk, M. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Spanier, F. ; Spiro, S. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinke, B. ; Storz, J. ; Strah, N. ; Suric, T. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Thom, M. ; Tibolla, O. ; Torres, D. F. ; Treves, A. ; Vankov, H. ; Vogler, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Weitzel, Q. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zandanel, F. ; Zanin, R. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bouvier, A. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Duke, C. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Huan, H. ; Hui, C. M. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; LeBohec, S. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nunez, P. D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Ruppel, J. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Cara, M. ; Casadio, C. ; Cheung, C. C. ; McConville, W. ; Davies, F. ; Doi, A. ; Giovannini, G. ; Giroletti, M. ; Hada, K. ; Hardee, P. ; Harris, D. E. ; Junor, W. ; Kino, M. ; Lee, N. P. ; Ly, C. ; Madrid, J. ; Massaro, F. ; Mundell, C. G. ; Nagai, H. ; Perlman, E. S. ; Steele, I. A. ; Walker, R. C. ; Wood, D. L.
The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3-6) x 10(9) M-circle dot) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of supermassive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE gamma-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE gamma-ray emission displays strong variability on timescales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE gamma-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of tau(rise)(d) = (1.69 +/- 0.30) days and tau(decay)(d) = (0.611 +/- 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar timescales (similar to day), peak fluxes (Phi(>0.35 TeV) similar or equal to (1-3) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1)), and VHE spectra. VLBA radio observations of 43 GHz of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken similar to 3 days after the peak of the VHE gamma-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor similar to 2; variability timescale <2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from Hubble Space Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kiloparsec jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE gamma-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data.
Furniss, A. ; Noda, K. ; Boggs, S. ; Chiang, J. ; Christensen, F. ; Craig, W. ; Giommi, P. ; Hailey, C. ; Harisson, F. ; Madejski, G. ; Nalewajko, K. ; Perri, M. ; Stern, D. ; Urry, M. ; Verrecchia, F. ; Zhang, W. ; Ahnen, M. L. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Babic, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biasuzzi, B. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Bretz, T. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Clavero, R. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Caneva, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; de Ona Wilhelmi, E. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Eisenacher Glawion, D. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Frantzen, K. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Garrido Terrats, D. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gonzalez Munoz, A. ; Guberman, D. ; Hanabata, Y. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Hughes, G. ; Idec, W. ; Kellermann, H. ; Kodani, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Lewandowska, N. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallot, K. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Marcote, B. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Nakajima, D. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nievas Rosillo, M. ; Nilsson, K. ; Nishijima, K. ; Orito, R. ; Overkemping, A. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Paredes-Fortuny, X. ; Persic, M. ; Poutanen, J. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Garcia, J. Rodriguez ; Saito, T. ; Saito, K. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scapin, V. ; Schultz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinbring, T. ; Strzys, M. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Thaele, J. ; Torres, D. F. ; Toyama, T. ; Treves, A. ; Verguilov, V. ; Vovk, I. ; Will, M. ; Zanin, R. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bugaev, V. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Gerard, L. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Holder, J. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Park, N. ; Petry, D. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Ragan, K. ; Ratliff, G. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Vince, O. ; Fuhrmann, L. ; Angelakis, E. ; Karamanavis, V. ; Myserlis, I. ; Krichbaum, T. P. ; Zensus, J. A. ; Ungerechts, H. ; Sievers, A. ; Bachev, R. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Chen, W. P. ; Damljanovic, G. ; Eswaraiah, C. ; Guver, T. ; Hovatta, T. ; Hughes, Z. ; Ibryamov, S. I. ; Joner, M. D. ; Jordan, B. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Joshi, M. ; Kataoka, J. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Latev, G. ; Lin, H. C. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Mokrushina, A. A. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Ramakrishnan, V. ; Readhead, A. C. R. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Sigua, L. A. ; Semkov, E. H. ; Strigachev, A. ; Tammi, J. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Troitskaya, Y. V. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Villata, M.
We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 2013 April 1 and August 10, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsahovi, and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution (SED) between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) show evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to five simultaneous broadband SEDs. We find that the SSC model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.
Taal, H. Rob ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Das, Shikta ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Freathy, Rachel M. ; Geller, Frank ; Guxens, Monica ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Kerkhof, Marjan ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Beilin, Lawrence J. ; Bonnelykke, Klaus ; Buxton, Jessica L. ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Chawes, Bo Lund Krogsgaard ; Eriksson, Johan ; Evans, David M. ; Hofman, Albert ; Kemp, John P. ; Kim, Cecilia E. ; Klopp, Norman ; Lahti, Jari ; Lye, Stephen J. ; McMahon, George ; Mentch, Frank D. ; Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina ; O'Reilly, Paul F. ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Steegers, Eric A. P. ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Tiesler, Carla ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Breteler, Monique M. B. ; Debette, Stephanie ; Fornage, Myriam ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Launer, Lenore J. ; van der Lugt, Aad ; Mosley, Thomas H. ; Seshadri, Sudha ; Smith, Albert V. ; Vernooij, Meike W. ; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. ; Chiavacci, Rosetta M. ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Fernandez-Banet, Julio ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa ; van der Heijden, Albert J. ; Iniguez, Carmen ; Lathrop, Mark ; McArdle, Wendy L. ; Molgaard, Anne ; Newnham, John P. ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Palotie, Aarno ; Pouta, Annneli ; Ring, Susan M. ; Sovio, Ulla ; Standl, Marie ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Wichmann, H-Erich ; Vissing, Nadja Hawwa ; DeCarli, Charles ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Koppelman, Gerard H. ; Estivill, Xavier ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Melbye, Mads ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Smith, George Davey ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Adair, Linda S. ; Ang, Wei ; Atalay, Mustafa ; van Beijsterveldt, Toos ; Bergen, Nienke ; Benke, Kelly ; Berry, Diane J. ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Coin, Lachlan ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Das, Shikta ; Davis, Oliver S. P. ; Elliott, Paul ; Evans, David M. ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Flexeder, Claudia ; Frayling, Tim ; Freathy, Rachel M. ; Gaillard, Romy ; Geller, Frank ; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria ; Goh, Liang-Kee ; Guxens, Monica ; Haworth, Claire M. A. ; Hadley, Dexter ; Hebebrand, Johannes ; Hinney, Anke ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; Holloway, John W. ; Holst, Claus ; Hottenga, Jouke Jan ; Horikoshi, Momoko ; Huikari, Ville ; Hypponen, Elina ; Iniguez, Carmen ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. ; Kirin, Mirna ; Kowgier, Matthew ; Lakka, Hanna-Maaria ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lewin, Alex ; Lindgren, Cecilia ; Lindi, Virpi ; Maggi, Reedik ; Marsh, Julie ; Middeldorp, Christel ; Millwood, Iona ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Murray, Jeffrey C. ; Nivard, Michel ; Nohr, Ellen Aagaard ; Ntalla, Ioanna ; Oken, Emily ; O'Reilly, Paul F. ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope ; Pararajasingham, Jennifer ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Rodriguez, Alina ; Salem, Rany M. ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Siitonen, Niina ; Sovio, Ulla ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Strachan, David P. ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Taal, H. Rob ; Teo, Yik-Ying ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Tiesler, Carla ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Valcarcel, Beatriz ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; White, Scott ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Zeggini, Eleftheria ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Cooper, Cyrus ; Estivill, Xavier ; Gillman, Matthew ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Hocher, Berthold ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Lakka, Timo A. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Melbye, Mads ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Dedoussis, George V. ; Ong, Ken K. ; Pearson, Ewan R. ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Price, Thomas S. ; Power, Chris ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Saw, Seang-Mei ; Scherag, Andre ; Simell, Olli ; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Wilson, James F. ; Ang, Wei ; van Beijsterveldt, Toos ; Bergen, Nienke ; Benke, Kelly ; Berry, Diane J. ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Coin, Lachlan ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Das, Shikta ; Elliott, Paul ; Evans, David M. ; Frayling, Tim ; Freathy, Rachel M. ; Gaillard, Romy ; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria ; Guxens, Monica ; Hadley, Dexter ; Hottenga, Jouke Jan ; Huikari, Ville ; Hypponen, Elina ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Kowgier, Matthew ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Lewin, Alex ; Lindgren, Cecilia ; Marsh, Julie ; Middeldorp, Christel ; Millwood, Iona ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Nivard, Michel ; O'Reilly, Paul F. ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Rodriguez, Alina ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Sovio, Ulla ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Standl, Marie ; Strachan, David P. ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Taal, H. Rob ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Tiesler, Carla ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Valcarcel, Beatriz ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; White, Scott ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Estivill, Xavier ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Power, Chris ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Fornage, Myriam ; Smith, Albert V. ; Seshadri, Sudha ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Debette, Stephanie ; Vrooman, Henri A. ; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur ; Ropele, Stefan ; Coker, Laura H. ; Longstreth, W. T. ; Niessen, Wiro J. ; DeStefano, Anita L. ; Beiser, Alexa ; Zijdenbos, Alex P. ; Struchalin, Maksim ; Jack, Clifford R. ; Nalls, Mike A. ; Au, Rhoda ; Hofman, Albert ; Gudnason, Haukur ; van der Lugt, Aad ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Meeks, William M. ; Vernooij, Meike W. ; van Buchem, Mark A. ; Catellier, Diane ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Windham, B. Gwen ; Wolf, Philip A. ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Mosley, Thomas H. ; Schmidt, Helena ; Launer, Lenore J. ; Breteler, Monique M. B. ; DeCarli, Charles
To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N = 10,768 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy and/or birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N = 19,089). rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P = 8.1 x 10(-9)) and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P = 2.8 x 10(-10)) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height(1), their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P = 3.8 x 10(-7) for rs7980687 and P = 1.3 x 10(-7) for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P = 3.9 x 10(-6)). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal have shown genome-wide association with adult intracranial volume(2), Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases(3-5), indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life.
A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
(2019)
Wuttke, Matthias ; Li, Yong ; Li, Man ; Sieber, Karsten B. ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Gorski, Mathias ; Tin, Adrienne ; Wang, Lihua ; Chu, Audrey Y. ; Hoppmann, Anselm ; Kirsten, Holger ; Giri, Ayush ; Chai, Jin-Fang ; Sveinbjornsson, Gardar ; Tayo, Bamidele O. ; Nutile, Teresa ; Fuchsberger, Christian ; Marten, Jonathan ; Cocca, Massimiliano ; Ghasemi, Sahar ; Xu, Yizhe ; Horn, Katrin ; Noce, Damia ; Van der Most, Peter J. ; Sedaghat, Sanaz ; Yu, Zhi ; Akiyama, Masato ; Afaq, Saima ; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh ; Almgren, Peter ; Amin, Najaf ; Arnlov, Johan ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Bansal, Nisha ; Baptista, Daniela ; Bergmann, Sven ; Biggs, Mary L. ; Biino, Ginevra ; Boehnke, Michael ; Boerwinkle, Eric ; Boissel, Mathilde ; Böttinger, Erwin ; Boutin, Thibaud S. ; Brenner, Hermann ; Brumat, Marco ; Burkhardt, Ralph ; Butterworth, Adam S. ; Campana, Eric ; Campbell, Archie ; Campbell, Harry ; Canouil, Mickael ; Carroll, Robert J. ; Catamo, Eulalia ; Chambers, John C. ; Chee, Miao-Ling ; Chee, Miao-Li ; Chen, Xu ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Cheng, Yurong ; Christensen, Kaare ; Cifkova, Renata ; Ciullo, Marina ; Concas, Maria Pina ; Cook, James P. ; Coresh, Josef ; Corre, Tanguy ; Sala, Cinzia Felicita ; Cusi, Daniele ; Danesh, John ; Daw, E. Warwick ; De Borst, Martin H. ; De Grandi, Alessandro ; De Mutsert, Renee ; De Vries, Aiko P. J. ; Degenhardt, Frauke ; Delgado, Graciela ; Demirkan, Ayse ; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele ; Dittrich, Katalin ; Divers, Jasmin ; Dorajoo, Rajkumar ; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe ; Ehret, Georg ; Elliott, Paul ; Endlich, Karlhans ; Evans, Michele K. ; Felix, Janine F. ; Foo, Valencia Hui Xian ; Franco, Oscar H. ; Franke, Andre ; Freedman, Barry I. ; Freitag-Wolf, Sandra ; Friedlander, Yechiel ; Froguel, Philippe ; Gansevoort, Ron T. ; Gao, He ; Gasparini, Paolo ; Gaziano, J. Michael ; Giedraitis, Vilmantas ; Gieger, Christian ; Girotto, Giorgia ; Giulianini, Franco ; Gogele, Martin ; Gordon, Scott D. ; Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Haller, Toomas ; Hamet, Pavel ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Hartman, Catharina A. ; Hayward, Caroline ; Hellwege, Jacklyn N. ; Heng, Chew-Kiat ; Hicks, Andrew A. ; Hofer, Edith ; Huang, Wei ; Hutri-Kahonen, Nina ; Hwang, Shih-Jen ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Indridason, Olafur S. ; Ingelsson, Erik ; Ising, Marcus ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jakobsdottir, Johanna ; Jonas, Jost B. ; Joshi, Peter K. ; Josyula, Navya Shilpa ; Jung, Bettina ; Kahonen, Mika ; Kamatani, Yoichiro ; Kammerer, Candace M. ; Kanai, Masahiro ; Kastarinen, Mika ; Kerr, Shona M. ; Khor, Chiea-Chuen ; Kiess, Wieland ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Kooner, Jaspal S. ; Korner, Antje ; Kovacs, Peter ; Kraja, Aldi T. ; Krajcoviechova, Alena ; Kramer, Holly ; Kramer, Bernhard K. ; Kronenberg, Florian ; Kubo, Michiaki ; Kuhnel, Brigitte ; Kuokkanen, Mikko ; Kuusisto, Johanna ; La Bianca, Martina ; Laakso, Markku ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Langefeld, Carl D. ; Lee, Jeannette Jen-Mai ; Lehne, Benjamin ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Lim, Su-Chi ; Lind, Lars ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Liu, Jun ; Liu, Jianjun ; Loeffler, Markus ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Lucae, Susanne ; Lukas, Mary Ann ; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka ; Magi, Reedik ; Magnusson, Patrik K. E. ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Martins, Jade ; Marz, Winfried ; Mascalzoni, Deborah ; Matsuda, Koichi ; Meisinger, Christa ; Meitinger, Thomas ; Melander, Olle ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mikaelsdottir, Evgenia K. ; Milaneschi, Yuri ; Miliku, Kozeta ; Mishra, Pashupati P. ; Program, V. A. Million Veteran ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Mononen, Nina ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. ; Nadkarni, Girish N. ; Nalls, Mike A. ; Nauck, Matthias ; Nikus, Kjell ; Ning, Boting ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Noordam, Raymond ; Olafsson, Isleifur ; Oldehinkel, Albertine J. ; Orho-Melander, Marju ; Ouwehand, Willem H. ; Padmanabhan, Sandosh ; Palmer, Nicholette D. ; Palsson, Runolfur ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Perls, Thomas ; Perola, Markus ; Pirastu, Mario ; Pirastu, Nicola ; Pistis, Giorgio ; Podgornaia, Anna I. ; Polasek, Ozren ; Ponte, Belen ; Porteous, David J. ; Poulain, Tanja ; Pramstaller, Peter P. ; Preuss, Michael H. ; Prins, Bram P. ; Province, Michael A. ; Rabelink, Ton J. ; Raffield, Laura M. ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Reilly, Dermot F. ; Rettig, Rainer ; Rheinberger, Myriam ; Rice, Kenneth M. ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Rizzi, Federica ; Roberts, David J. ; Robino, Antonietta ; Rossing, Peter ; Rudan, Igor ; Rueedi, Rico ; Ruggiero, Daniela ; Ryan, Kathleen A. ; Saba, Yasaman ; Sabanayagam, Charumathi ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Salvi, Erika ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Schmidt, Helena ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Ben Schottker ; Schulz, Christina-Alexandra ; Schupf, Nicole ; Shaffer, Christian M. ; Shi, Yuan ; Smith, Albert V. ; Smith, Blair H. ; Soranzo, Nicole ; Spracklen, Cassandra N. ; Strauch, Konstantin ; Stringham, Heather M. ; Stumvoll, Michael ; Svensson, Per O. ; Szymczak, Silke ; Tai, E-Shyong ; Tajuddin, Salman M. ; Tan, Nicholas Y. Q. ; Taylor, Kent D. ; Teren, Andrej ; Tham, Yih-Chung ; Thiery, Joachim ; Thio, Chris H. L. ; Thomsen, Hauke ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar ; Toniolo, Daniela ; Tonjes, Anke ; Tremblay, Johanne ; Tzoulaki, Ioanna ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Vaccargiu, Simona ; Van Dam, Rob M. ; Van der Harst, Pim ; Van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Edward, Digna R. Velez ; Verweij, Niek ; Vogelezang, Suzanne ; Volker, Uwe ; Vollenweider, Peter ; Waeber, Gerard ; Waldenberger, Melanie ; Wallentin, Lars ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wang, Chaolong ; Waterworth, Dawn M. ; Bin Wei, Wen ; White, Harvey ; Whitfield, John B. ; Wild, Sarah H. ; Wilson, James F. ; Wojczynski, Mary K. ; Wong, Charlene ; Wong, Tien-Yin ; Xu, Liang ; Yang, Qiong ; Yasuda, Masayuki ; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. ; Zhang, Weihua ; Zonderman, Alan B. ; Rotter, Jerome I. ; Bochud, Murielle ; Psaty, Bruce M. ; Vitart, Veronique ; Wilson, James G. ; Dehghan, Abbas ; Parsa, Afshin ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Ho, Kevin ; Morris, Andrew P. ; Devuyst, Olivier ; Akilesh, Shreeram ; Pendergrass, Sarah A. ; Sim, Xueling ; Boger, Carsten A. ; Okada, Yukinori ; Edwards, Todd L. ; Snieder, Harold ; Stefansson, Kari ; Hung, Adriana M. ; Heid, Iris M. ; Scholz, Markus ; Teumer, Alexander ; Kottgen, Anna ; Pattaro, Cristian
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
Orienti, M. ; Finke, J. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Hovatta, T. ; Larsson, J. ; Max-Moerbeck, W. ; Perkins, J. ; Readhead, A. C. S. ; Richards, J. L. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Gerard, L. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Holder, J. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Maier, G. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pohl, Manuela ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rousselle, J. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We report on multifrequency observations performed during 2012 December-2013 August of the first narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy detected in gamma-rays, PMN J0948+0022 (z = 0.5846). A y -ray flare was observed by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi during 2012 December-2013 January, reaching a daily peak flux in the 0.1-100 GeV energy range of (155 31) x 10 8 ph cm(-2) S-1 on 2013 January 1, corresponding to an apparent isotropic luminosity of similar to 1.5 x 1048 erg s(-1). The y -ray flaring period triggered Swift and Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observations in addition to radio and optical monitoring by Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments, and Catalina Real-time Transient Survey. A strong flare was observed in optical, UV, and X-rays on 2012 December 30, quasi-simultaneously to the y -ray flare, reaching a record flux for this source from optical to y gamma-rays. VERITAS observations at very high energy (E > 100 GeV) during 2013 January 6-17 resulted in an upper limit of F>0.2 Trev < 4.0 x 10(-12) ph cm(-2) s(-1). We compared the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the flaring state in 2013 January with that of an intermediate state observed in 2011. The two SEDs, modelled as synchrotron emission and an external Compton scattering of seed photons from a dust torus, can be modelled by changing both the electron distribution parameters and the magnetic field.
A novel common variant in DCST2 is associated with length in early life and height in adulthood
(2015)
van der Valk, Ralf J. P. ; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil ; Kooijman, Marjolein N. ; Guxens, Monica ; Stergiakouli, Evangelia ; Saaf, Annika ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Geller, Frank ; Hayes, M. Geoffrey ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Koerner, Antje ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Curtin, John A. ; Myhre, Ronny ; Huikari, Ville ; Joro, Raimo ; Kerkhof, Marjan ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; Pitkanen, Niina ; Ntalla, Ioanna ; Horikoshi, Momoko ; Veijola, Riitta ; Freathy, Rachel M. ; Teo, Yik-Ying ; Barton, Sheila J. ; Evans, David M. ; Kemp, John P. ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Ring, Susan M. ; Smith, George Davey ; Bergstrom, Anna ; Kull, Inger ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Mentch, Frank D. ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Chawes, Bo Lund Krogsgaard ; Stokholm, Jakob ; Waage, Johannes ; Eriksen, Patrick ; Sevelsted, Astrid ; Melbye, Mads ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Medina-Gomez, Carolina ; Hofman, Albert ; de Jongste, Johan C. ; Taal, H. Rob ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Armstrong, Loren L. ; Eriksson, Johan ; Palotie, Aarno ; Bustamante, Mariona ; Estivill, Xavier ; Gonzalez, Juan R. ; Llop, Sabrina ; Kiess, Wieland ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Flexeder, Claudia ; Tiesler, Carla M. T. ; Murray, Clare S. ; Simpson, Angela ; Magnus, Per ; Sengpiel, Verena ; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa ; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka ; Lewin, Alexandra ; Alves, Alexessander Da Silva Couto ; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. ; Buxton, Jessica L. ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Rodriguez, Alina ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Vaarasmaki, Marja ; Lakka, Timo ; Lindi, Virpi ; Gehring, Ulrike ; Postma, Dirkje S. ; Ang, Wei ; Newnham, John P. ; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka ; Pahkala, Katja ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope ; Zeggini, Eleftheria ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria ; Ilonen, Jorma ; Franke, Lude ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; Pers, Tune H. ; Liang, Liming ; Huang, Jinyan ; Hocher, Berthold ; Knip, Mikael ; Saw, Seang-Mei ; Holloway, John W. ; Melen, Erik ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Lowe, William L. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Sergeyev, Elena ; Grallert, Harald ; Custovic, Adnan ; Jacobsson, Bo ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Atalay, Mustafa ; Koppelman, Gerard H. ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Niinikoski, Harri ; Dedoussis, George V. ; Mccarthy, Mark I. ; Frayling, Timothy M. ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Bonnelykke, Klaus ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.
Common genetic variants have been identified for adult height, but not much is known about the genetics of skeletal growth in early life. To identify common genetic variants that influence fetal skeletal growth, we meta-analyzed 22 genome-wide association studies (Stage 1; N = 28 459). We identified seven independent top single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 1 x 10(-6)) for birth length, of which three were novel and four were in or near loci known to be associated with adult height (LCORL, PTCH1, GPR126 and HMGA2). The three novel SNPs were followed-up in nine replication studies (Stage 2; N = 11 995), with rs905938 in DC-STAMP domain containing 2 (DCST2) genome-wide significantly associated with birth length in a joint analysis (Stages 1 + 2; beta = 0.046, SE = 0.008, P = 2.46 x 10(-8), explained variance = 0.05%). Rs905938 was also associated with infant length (N = 28 228; P = 5.54 x 10(-4)) and adult height (N = 127 513; P = 1.45 x 10(-5)). DCST2 is a DC-STAMP-like protein family member and DC-STAMP is an osteoclast cell-fusion regulator. Polygenic scores based on 180 SNPs previously associated with human adult stature explained 0.13% of variance in birth length. The same SNPs explained 2.95% of the variance of infant length. Of the 180 known adult height loci, 11 were genome-wide significantly associated with infant length (SF3B4, LCORL, SPAG17, C6orf173, PTCH1, GDF5, ZNFX1, HHIP, ACAN, HLA locus and HMGA2). This study highlights that common variation in DCST2 influences variation in early growth and adult height.
Aliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gerard, L. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; De Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Soares-Furtado, M. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Böttcher, Markus ; Fumagalli, M. ; Jadhav, J.
We report on VERITAS observations of the BL Lac object B2 1215+30 between 2008 and 2012. During this period, the source was detected at very high energies (VHEs; E > 100 GeV) by VERITAS with a significance of 8.9s and showed clear variability on timescales larger than months. In 2011, the source was found to be in a relatively bright state and a power-law fit to the differential photon spectrum yields a spectral index of 3.6 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.3(syst) with an integral flux above 200 GeV of (8.0 +/- 0.9(stat) +/- 3.2(syst)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1). No short term variability could be detected during the bright state in 2011. Multi-wavelength data were obtained contemporaneously with the VERITAS observations in 2011 and cover optical (Super-LOTIS, MDM, Swift/UVOT), X-ray (Swift/XRT), and gamma-ray (Fermi-LAT) frequencies. These were used to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) of B2 1215+30. A one-zone leptonic model is used to model the blazar emission and the results are compared to those of MAGIC from early 2011 and other VERITAS-detected blazars. The SED can be reproduced well with model parameters typical for VHE-detected BL Lac objects.
The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia
(2019)
Middeldorp, Christel M. ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Horikoshi, Momoko ; Robertson, Neil R. ; Beaumont, Robin N. ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Bustamante, Mariona ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Day, Felix R. ; De Silva, N. Maneka ; Guxens, Monica ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; Adair, Linda S. ; Ahlqvist, Emma ; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh ; Almgren, Peter ; Ang, Wei ; Atalay, Mustafa ; Auvinen, Juha ; Bartels, Meike ; Beckmann, Jacques S. ; Bilbao, Jose Ramon ; Bond, Tom ; Borja, Judith B. ; Cavadino, Alana ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Chen, Zhanghua ; Coin, Lachlan ; Cooper, Cyrus ; Curtin, John A. ; Custovic, Adnan ; Das, Shikta ; Davies, Gareth E. ; Dedoussis, George V. ; Duijts, Liesbeth ; Eastwood, Peter R. ; Eliasen, Anders U. ; Elliott, Paul ; Eriksson, Johan G. ; Estivill, Xavier ; Fadista, Joao ; Fedko, Iryna O. ; Frayling, Timothy M. ; Gaillard, Romy ; Gauderman, W. James ; Geller, Frank ; Gilliland, Frank ; Gilsanz, Vincente ; Granell, Raquel ; Grarup, Niels ; Groop, Leif ; Hadley, Dexter ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Hansen, Torben ; Hartman, Catharina A. ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Hayes, M. Geoffrey ; Hebebrand, Johannes ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Helgeland, Oyvind ; Henders, Anjali K. ; Henderson, John ; Henriksen, Tine B. ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; Hivert, Marie-France ; Hocher, Berthold ; Holloway, John W. ; Holt, Patrick ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Hypponen, Elina ; Iniguez, Carmen ; Johansson, Stefan ; Jugessur, Astanand ; Kahonen, Mika ; Kalkwarf, Heidi J. ; Kaprio, Jaakko ; Karhunen, Ville ; Kemp, John P. ; Kerkhof, Marjan ; Koppelman, Gerard H. ; Korner, Antje ; Kotecha, Sailesh ; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil ; Kulohoma, Benard ; Kumar, Ashish ; Kutalik, Zoltan ; Lahti, Jari ; Lappe, Joan M. ; Larsson, Henrik ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lewin, Alexandra M. ; Li, Jin ; Lichtenstein, Paul ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Lindi, Virpi ; Linneberg, Allan ; Liu, Xueping ; Liu, Jun ; Lowe, William L. ; Lundstrom, Sebastian ; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka ; Ma, Ronald C. W. ; Mace, Aurelien ; Magi, Reedik ; Magnus, Per ; Mamun, Abdullah A. ; Mannikko, Minna ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Mbarek, Hamdi ; McCarthy, Nina S. ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Melbye, Mads ; Melen, Erik ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Monnereau, Claire ; Morgen, Camilla S. ; Morris, Andrew P. ; Murray, Jeffrey C. ; Myhre, Ronny ; Najman, Jackob M. ; Nivard, Michel G. ; Nohr, Ellen A. ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Ntalla, Ioanna ; Oberfield, Sharon E. ; Oken, Emily ; Oldehinkel, Albertine J. ; Pahkala, Katja ; Palviainen, Teemu ; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope ; Pedersen, Oluf ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Pershagen, Goran ; Pitkanen, Niina ; Plomin, Robert ; Power, Christine ; Prasad, Rashmi B. ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Pulkkinen, Lea ; Raikkonen, Katri ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Reynolds, Rebecca M. ; Richmond, Rebecca C. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Rodriguez, Alina ; Rose, Richard J. ; Salem, Rany ; Santa-Marina, Loreto ; Saw, Seang-Mei ; Schnurr, Theresia M. ; Scott, James G. ; Selzam, Saskia ; Shepherd, John A. ; Simpson, Angela ; Skotte, Line ; Sleiman, Patrick M. A. ; Snieder, Harold ; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. ; Standl, Marie ; Steegers, Eric A. P. ; Strachan, David P. ; Straker, Leon ; Strandberg, Timo ; Taylor, Michelle ; Teo, Yik-Ying ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Torrent, Maties ; Tyrrell, Jessica ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; van Beijsterveldt, Toos ; van der Most, Peter J. ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Viikari, Jorma ; Vilor-Tejedor, Natalia ; Vogelezang, Suzanne ; Vonk, Judith M. ; Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. ; Vuoksimaa, Eero ; Wang, Carol A. ; Watkins, William J. ; Wichmann, H-Erich ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Williams, Gail M. ; Wilson, James F. ; Wray, Naomi R. ; Xu, Shujing ; Xu, Cheng-Jian ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Yi, Lu ; Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi ; Zeggini, Eleftheria ; Zemel, Babette S. ; Hinney, Anke ; Lakka, Timo A. ; Whitehouse, Andrew J. O. ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Widen, Elisabeth E. ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Jacobsson, Bo ; Njolstad, Pal R. ; Stoltenberg, Camilla ; Smith, George Davey ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Paternoster, Lavinia ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Ong, Ken K. ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Bonnelykke, Klaus ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Tiemeier, Henning ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Evans, David M. ; Perry, John R. B. ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Freathy, Rachel M. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Felix, Janine F.
The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
Horikoshi, Momoko ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Sovio, Ulla ; Taal, H. Rob ; Hennig, Branwen J. ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Evans, David M. ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; Bustamante, Mariona ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Berry, Diane J. ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Pfab, Thiemo ; Barton, Sheila J. ; Shields, Beverley M. ; Kerkhof, Marjan ; van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. ; Fulford, Anthony J. ; Kutalik, Zoltan ; Zhao, Jing Hua ; den Hoed, Marcel ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Lindi, Virpi ; Goh, Liang-Kee ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Wu, Ying ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Harder, Marie N. ; Meirhaeghe, Aline ; Ntalla, Ioanna ; Salem, Rany M. ; Jameson, Karen A. ; Zhou, Kaixin ; Monies, Dorota M. ; Lagou, Vasiliki ; Kirin, Mirna ; Heikkinen, Jani ; Adair, Linda S. ; Alkuraya, Fowzan S. ; Al-Odaib, Ali ; Amouyel, Philippe ; Andersson, Ehm Astrid ; Bennett, Amanda J. ; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. ; Buxton, Jessica L. ; Dallongeville, Jean ; Das, Shikta ; de Geus, Eco J. C. ; Estivill, Xavier ; Flexeder, Claudia ; Froguel, Philippe ; Geller, Frank ; Godfrey, Keith M. ; Gottrand, Frederic ; Groves, Christopher J. ; Hansen, Torben ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; Hofman, Albert ; Hollegaard, Mads V. ; Hougaard, David M. ; Hyppoenen, Elina ; Inskip, Hazel M. ; Isaacs, Aaron ; Jorgensen, Torben ; Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina ; Kemp, John P. ; Kiess, Wieland ; Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. ; Klopp, Norman ; Knight, Bridget A. ; Kuzawa, Christopher W. ; McMahon, George ; Newnham, John P. ; Niinikoski, Harri ; Oostra, Ben A. ; Pedersen, Louise ; Postma, Dirkje S. ; Ring, Susan M. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Robertson, Neil R. ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Simell, Olli ; Slowinski, Torsten ; Tiesler, Carla M. T. ; Toenjes, Anke ; Vaag, Allan ; Viikari, Jorma S. ; Vink, Jacqueline M. ; Vissing, Nadja Hawwa ; Wareham, Nicholas J. ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Witte, Daniel R. ; Zhang, Haitao ; Zhao, Jianhua ; Wilson, James F. ; Stumvoll, Michael ; Prentice, Andrew M. ; Meyer, Brian F. ; Pearson, Ewan R. ; Boreham, Colin A. G. ; Cooper, Cyrus ; Gillman, Matthew W. ; Dedoussis, George V. ; Moreno, Luis A. ; Pedersen, Oluf ; Saarinen, Maiju ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Saw, Seang-Mei ; Lakka, Timo A. ; Koerner, Antje ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Ong, Ken K. ; Vollenweider, Peter ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Koppelman, Gerard H. ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Holloway, John W. ; Hocher, Berthold ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Power, Chris ; Melbye, Mads ; Guxens, Monica ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Bonnelykke, Klaus ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Eriksson, Johan G. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Pouta, Anneli ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Smith, George Davey ; Frayling, Timothy M. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Freathy, Rachel M.
Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood(1). Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits(2). In an expanded genome-wide association metaanalysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
Chipman, Ariel D. ; Ferrier, David E. K. ; Brena, Carlo ; Qu, Jiaxin ; Hughes, Daniel S. T. ; Schroeder, Reinhard ; Torres-Oliva, Montserrat ; Znassi, Nadia ; Jiang, Huaiyang ; Almeida, Francisca C. ; Alonso, Claudio R. ; Apostolou, Zivkos ; Aqrawi, Peshtewani ; Arthur, Wallace ; Barna, Jennifer C. J. ; Blankenburg, Kerstin P. ; Brites, Daniela ; Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador ; Coyle, Marcus ; Dearden, Peter K. ; Du Pasquier, Louis ; Duncan, Elizabeth J. ; Ebert, Dieter ; Eibner, Cornelius ; Erikson, Galina ; Evans, Peter D. ; Extavour, Cassandra G. ; Francisco, Liezl ; Gabaldon, Toni ; Gillis, William J. ; Goodwin-Horn, Elizabeth A. ; Green, Jack E. ; Griffiths-Jones, Sam ; Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P. ; Gubbala, Sai ; Guigo, Roderic ; Han, Yi ; Hauser, Frank ; Havlak, Paul ; Hayden, Luke ; Helbing, Sophie ; Holder, Michael ; Hui, Jerome H. L. ; Hunn, Julia P. ; Hunnekuhl, Vera S. ; Jackson, LaRonda ; Javaid, Mehwish ; Jhangiani, Shalini N. ; Jiggins, Francis M. ; Jones, Tamsin E. ; Kaiser, Tobias S. ; Kalra, Divya ; Kenny, Nathan J. ; Korchina, Viktoriya ; Kovar, Christie L. ; Kraus, F. Bernhard ; Lapraz, Francois ; Lee, Sandra L. ; Lv, Jie ; Mandapat, Christigale ; Manning, Gerard ; Mariotti, Marco ; Mata, Robert ; Mathew, Tittu ; Neumann, Tobias ; Newsham, Irene ; Ngo, Dinh N. ; Ninova, Maria ; Okwuonu, Geoffrey ; Ongeri, Fiona ; Palmer, William J. ; Patil, Shobha ; Patraquim, Pedro ; Pham, Christopher ; Pu, Ling-Ling ; Putman, Nicholas H. ; Rabouille, Catherine ; Ramos, Olivia Mendivil ; Rhodes, Adelaide C. ; Robertson, Helen E. ; Robertson, Hugh M. ; Ronshaugen, Matthew ; Rozas, Julio ; Saada, Nehad ; Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro ; Scherer, Steven E. ; Schurko, Andrew M. ; Siggens, Kenneth W. ; Simmons, DeNard ; Stief, Anna ; Stolle, Eckart ; Telford, Maximilian J. ; Tessmar-Raible, Kristin ; Thornton, Rebecca ; van der Zee, Maurijn ; von Haeseler, Arndt ; Williams, James M. ; Willis, Judith H. ; Wu, Yuanqing ; Zou, Xiaoyan ; Lawson, Daniel ; Muzny, Donna M. ; Worley, Kim C. ; Gibbs, Richard A. ; Akam, Michael ; Richards, Stephen
Myriapods (e. g., centipedes and millipedes) display a simple homonomous body plan relative to other arthropods. All members of the class are terrestrial, but they attained terrestriality independently of insects. Myriapoda is the only arthropod class not represented by a sequenced genome. We present an analysis of the genome of the centipede Strigamia maritima. It retains a compact genome that has undergone less gene loss and shuffling than previously sequenced arthropods, and many orthologues of genes conserved from the bilaterian ancestor that have been lost in insects. Our analysis locates many genes in conserved macro-synteny contexts, and many small-scale examples of gene clustering. We describe several examples where S. maritima shows different solutions from insects to similar problems. The insect olfactory receptor gene family is absent from S. maritima, and olfaction in air is likely effected by expansion of other receptor gene families. For some genes S. maritima has evolved paralogues to generate coding sequence diversity, where insects use alternate splicing. This is most striking for the Dscam gene, which in Drosophila generates more than 100,000 alternate splice forms, but in S. maritima is encoded by over 100 paralogues. We see an intriguing linkage between the absence of any known photosensory proteins in a blind organism and the additional absence of canonical circadian clock genes. The phylogenetic position of myriapods allows us to identify where in arthropod phylogeny several particular molecular mechanisms and traits emerged. For example, we conclude that juvenile hormone signalling evolved with the emergence of the exoskeleton in the arthropods and that RR-1 containing cuticle proteins evolved in the lineage leading to Mandibulata. We also identify when various gene expansions and losses occurred. The genome of S. maritima offers us a unique glimpse into the ancestral arthropod genome, while also displaying many adaptations to its specific life history.
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brantseg, T. ; Brose, Robert ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gillanders, Gerard H. ; Gunawardhana, Isuru ; Huetten, M. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, Adam Nepomuk ; Park, N. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Jorstad, Svetlana G. ; Marscher, Alan P. ; Lister, Matthew L. ; Kovalev, Yuri Y. ; Pushkarev, A. B. ; Savolainen, Tuomas ; Agudo, I. ; Molina, S. N. ; Gomez, J. L. ; Larionov, Valeri M. ; Borman, G. A. ; Mokrushina, A. A. ; Tornikoski, Merja ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Chamani, W. ; Enestam, S. ; Kiehlmann, S. ; Hovatta, Talvikki ; Smith, P. S. ; Pontrelli, P.
Combined with measurements made by very-long-baseline interferometry, the observations of fast TeV gamma-ray flares probe the structure and emission mechanism of blazar jets. However, only a handful of such flares have been detected to date, and only within the last few years have these flares been observed from lower-frequency-peaked BL. Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars. We report on a fast TeV gamma-ray flare from the blazar BL. Lacertae observed by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). with a rise time of similar to 2.3 hr and a decay time of similar to 36 min. The peak flux above 200 GeV is (4.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(-6) photon m(-2) s(-1) measured with a 4-minute-binned light curve, corresponding to similar to 180% of the flux that is observed from the Crab Nebula above the same energy threshold. Variability contemporaneous with the TeV gamma-ray flare was observed in GeV gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical flux, as well as in optical and radio polarization. Additionally, a possible moving emission feature with superluminal apparent velocity was identified in Very Long Baseline Array observations at 43 GHz, potentially passing the radio core of the jet around the time of the gamma-ray flare. We discuss the constraints on the size, Lorentz factor, and location of the emitting region of the flare, and the interpretations with several theoretical models that invoke relativistic plasma passing stationary shocks.
The selaginella genome identifies genetic changes associated with the evolution of vascular plants
(2011)
Banks, Jo Ann ; Nishiyama, Tomoaki ; Hasebe, Mitsuyasu ; Bowman, John L. ; Gribskov, Michael ; dePamphilis, Claude ; Albert, Victor A. ; Aono, Naoki ; Aoyama, Tsuyoshi ; Ambrose, Barbara A. ; Ashton, Neil W. ; Axtell, Michael J. ; Barker, Elizabeth ; Barker, Michael S. ; Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. ; Bonawitz, Nicholas D. ; Chapple, Clint ; Cheng, Chaoyang ; Correa, Luiz Gustavo Guedes ; Dacre, Michael ; DeBarry, Jeremy ; Dreyer, Ingo ; Elias, Marek ; Engstrom, Eric M. ; Estelle, Mark ; Feng, Liang ; Finet, Cedric ; Floyd, Sandra K. ; Frommer, Wolf B. ; Fujita, Tomomichi ; Gramzow, Lydia ; Gutensohn, Michael ; Harholt, Jesper ; Hattori, Mitsuru ; Heyl, Alexander ; Hirai, Tadayoshi ; Hiwatashi, Yuji ; Ishikawa, Masaki ; Iwata, Mineko ; Karol, Kenneth G. ; Koehler, Barbara ; Kolukisaoglu, Uener ; Kubo, Minoru ; Kurata, Tetsuya ; Lalonde, Sylvie ; Li, Kejie ; Li, Ying ; Litt, Amy ; Lyons, Eric ; Manning, Gerard ; Maruyama, Takeshi ; Michael, Todd P. ; Mikami, Koji ; Miyazaki, Saori ; Morinaga, Shin-ichi ; Murata, Takashi ; Müller-Röber, Bernd ; Nelson, David R. ; Obara, Mari ; Oguri, Yasuko ; Olmstead, Richard G. ; Onodera, Naoko ; Petersen, Bent Larsen ; Pils, Birgit ; Prigge, Michael ; Rensing, Stefan A. ; Mauricio Riano-Pachon, Diego ; Roberts, Alison W. ; Sato, Yoshikatsu ; Scheller, Henrik Vibe ; Schulz, Burkhard ; Schulz, Christian ; Shakirov, Eugene V. ; Shibagaki, Nakako ; Shinohara, Naoki ; Shippen, Dorothy E. ; Sorensen, Iben ; Sotooka, Ryo ; Sugimoto, Nagisa ; Sugita, Mamoru ; Sumikawa, Naomi ; Tanurdzic, Milos ; Theissen, Guenter ; Ulvskov, Peter ; Wakazuki, Sachiko ; Weng, Jing-Ke ; Willats, William W. G. T. ; Wipf, Daniel ; Wolf, Paul G. ; Yang, Lixing ; Zimmer, Andreas D. ; Zhu, Qihui ; Mitros, Therese ; Hellsten, Uffe ; Loque, Dominique ; Otillar, Robert ; Salamov, Asaf ; Schmutz, Jeremy ; Shapiro, Harris ; Lindquist, Erika ; Lucas, Susan ; Rokhsar, Daniel ; Grigoriev, Igor V.
Vascular plants appeared similar to 410 million years ago, then diverged into several lineages of which only two survive: the euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and the lycophytes. We report here the genome sequence of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii (Selaginella), the first nonseed vascular plant genome reported. By comparing gene content in evolutionarily diverse taxa, we found that the transition from a gametophyte- to a sporophyte-dominated life cycle required far fewer new genes than the transition from a nonseed vascular to a flowering plant, whereas secondary metabolic genes expanded extensively and in parallel in the lycophyte and angiosperm lineages. Selaginella differs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, including small RNA regulation of repetitive elements, an absence of the trans-acting small interfering RNA pathway, and extensive RNA editing of organellar genes.
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brill, A. ; Brose, Robert ; Buckley, J. H. ; Christiansen, Jessie L. ; Chromey, A. J. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gillanders, Gerard H. ; Gueta, O. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, Maria ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, Marcos ; Scott, S. S. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Williamson, T. J. ; Zitzer, B. ; Kaur, A.
On 2017 September 22, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory reported the detection of the high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A, of potential astrophysical origin. It was soon determined that the neutrino direction was consistent with the location of the gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056. (3FGL J0509.4+ 0541), which was in an elevated gamma-ray emission state as measured by the Fermi satellite. Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observations of the neutrino/blazar region started on 2017 September 23 in response to the neutrino alert and continued through 2018 February 6. While no significant very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emission was observed from the blazar by VERITAS in the two-week period immediately following the IceCube alert, TXS 0506+ 056 was detected by VERITAS with a significance of 5.8 standard deviations (sigma) in the full 35 hr data set. The average photon flux of the source during this period was (8.9 +/- 1.6). x. 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1), or 1.6% of the Crab Nebula flux, above an energy threshold of 110 GeV, with a soft spectral index of 4.8. +/-. 1.3.
Jing, Runchun ; Ambrose, Michael A. ; Knox, Maggie R. ; Smykal, Petr ; Hybl, Miroslav ; Ramos, Á. ; Caminero, Constantino ; Burstin, Judith ; Duc, Gerard ; van Soest, L. J. M. ; Święcicki, W. K. ; Pereira, M. Graca ; Vishnyakova, Margarita ; Davenport, Guy F. ; Flavell, Andrew J. ; Ellis, T. H. Noel
The distinctness of, and overlap between, pea genotypes held in several Pisum germplasm collections has been used to determine their relatedness and to test previous ideas about the genetic diversity of Pisum. Our characterisation of genetic diversity among 4,538 Pisum accessions held in 7 European Genebanks has identified sources of novel genetic variation, and both reinforces and refines previous interpretations of the overall structure of genetic diversity in Pisum. Molecular marker analysis was based upon the presence/absence of polymorphism of retrotransposon insertions scored by a high-throughput microarray and SSAP approaches. We conclude that the diversity of Pisum constitutes a broad continuum, with graded differentiation into sub-populations which display various degrees of distinctness. The most distinct genetic groups correspond to the named taxa while the cultivars and landraces of Pisum sativum can be divided into two broad types, one of which is strongly enriched for modern cultivars. The addition of germplasm sets from six European Genebanks, chosen to represent high diversity, to a single collection previously studied with these markers resulted in modest additions to the overall diversity observed, suggesting that the great majority of the total genetic diversity collected for the Pisum genus has now been described. Two interesting sources of novel genetic variation have been identified. Finally, we have proposed reference sets of core accessions with a range of sample sizes to represent Pisum diversity for the future study and exploitation by researchers and breeders.
López-Franco, Yolanda L. ; Calderón de la Barca, Ana M. ; Valdez, Miguel A. ; Peter, Martin G. ; Rinaudo, Marguerite ; Chambat, Gérard ; Goycoolea, Francisco M.
Structural and physicochem. characteristics of mesquite gum (from Prosopis velutina) were investigated using FT- IR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chromatog. methods. Four fractions (F-I, F-IIa, F-IIb and F-III) were isolated by hydrophobic interaction chromatog. The samples were characterized and analyzed for their monosaccharide and oligomers compn. by high performance anion-exchange chromatog. with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). L-Arabinose (L-Ara) and D-galactose (D-Gal) were found as the main carbohydrate constituent residues in the polysaccharides from mesquite gum and their ratio (L-Ara/D-Gal) varied within the range 2.54 to 3.06 among the various fractions. Small amts. of D- glucose (D-Glc), D-mannose (D-Man) and D-xylose (D-Xyl) were also detected, particularly in Fractions IIa, IIb and III. IR spectroscopy identified polysaccharides and protein in all the samples. Data from mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was consistent with the idea that the structure corresponding to the periphereal chains of Fraction I is predominantly a chain of pentoses attached to uronic acid. [on SciFinder (R)].
HESS J1943+213
(2018)
Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brose, Robert ; Buchovecky, M. ; Bugaev, V ; Cui, Wei ; Danie, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Flinders, A. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gillanders, Gerard H. ; Huttens, M. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, Maria ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Nieto, Daniel ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, Nahee ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, Alexis ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynold, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, David A. ; Brisken, W. F. ; Pontrelli, P.
HESS J1943+213 is a very high energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) gamma-ray source in the direction of the Galactic plane. Studies exploring the classification of the source are converging toward its identification as an extreme synchrotron BL Lac object. Here we present 38 hr of VERITAS observations of HESS J1943+213 taken over 2 yr. The source is detected with a significance of similar to 20 standard deviations, showing a remarkably stable flux and spectrum in VHE gamma-rays. Multifrequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the source confirm the extended, jet-like structure previously found in the 1.6 GHz band with the European VLBI Network and detect this component in the 4.6 and 7.3 GHz bands. The radio spectral indices of the core and the jet and the level of polarization derived from the VLBA observations are in a range typical for blazars. Data from VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, the FLWO 48 ' telescope, and archival infrared and hard X-ray observations are used to construct and model the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source with a synchrotron self-Compton model. The well-measured gamma-ray peak of the SED with VERITAS and Fermi-LAT provides constraining upper limits on the source redshift. Possible contribution of secondary gamma-rays from ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray-initiated electromagnetic cascades to the gamma-ray emission is explored, finding that only a segment of the VHE spectrum can be accommodated with this process. A variability search is performed across X-ray and gamma-ray bands. No statistically significant flux or spectral variability is detected.
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brose, Robert ; Buchovecky, M. ; Bugaev, V. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Errando, Manel ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Flinders, A. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gillanders, Gerard H. ; Huetten, M. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, Maria ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, Gernot ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, Jeremy S. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, Alexis ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, David A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Vurm, Indrek ; Beloborodov, Andrei
On 2015 March 23, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) responded to a Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) detection of a gamma-ray burst, with observations beginning 270 s after the onset of BAT emission, and only 135 s after the main BAT emission peak. No statistically significant signal is detected above 140 GeV. The VERITAS upper limit on the fluence in a 40-minute integration corresponds to about 1% of the prompt fluence. Our limit is particularly significant because the very-high-energy (VHE) observation started only similar to 2 minutes after the prompt emission peaked, and Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations of numerous other bursts have revealed that the high-energy emission is typically delayed relative to the prompt radiation and lasts significantly longer. Also, the proximity of GRB 150323A (z = 0.593) limits the attenuation by the extragalactic background light to similar to 50% at 100-200 GeV. We conclude that GRB 150323A had an intrinsically very weak high-energy afterglow, or that the GeV spectrum had a turnover below similar to 100 GeV. If the GRB exploded into the stellar wind of a massive progenitor, the VHE non-detection constrains the wind density parameter to be A greater than or similar to 3 x 10(11) g . cm(-1), consistent with a standard Wolf-Rayet progenitor. Alternatively, the VHE emission from the blast wave would be weak in a very tenuous medium such as the interstellar medium, which therefore cannot be ruled out as the environment of GRB 150323A.
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